《行政管理文献选读》英文单词汇总,考试必备教材

一、行政学之研究Proof of fact 事实验证Civil service reform 公务员制度改革Kingly prerogative 君主的特权Democracy 民主政治Oligarchy 寡头政治Tyranny 专制制度Political philosophy 政治哲学Monopoly 垄断Science of administration 管理科学New conception of state duty 国家职责的新观念Telegram system 电报系统Administrative function 行政职能administrative practices行政实践high centralized forms of government高度集权的政府common franchise公共性质a policy of aristocratic privilege贵族特权政体a system of democratic power民主权力体制the interests of the governed统治者利益perfect machinery完善的国家机器absolute government专制政府自由主义原则liberal principles行政计划和方法plans and methods of administration机构发展constitutional development绝对统治者absolute rulers拥有最高权力的人民sovereign people简便高效simplicity and effectiveness单一意志single will公共信托机关public trustSymmetrical divisions 行政区域Constitutional era 宪政时代Liberal principle 自由理论Great charter 大宪章Legal and administrative reforms 法制和行政改革the revolution heralded 革命的先驱Public criticism 众矢之的The general principles of government 政府的一般原则Public opinion 民意；公众舆论Public-spirited 有爱国心的，有公德心的Self-government 自治Abuses of power 滥用职权Democratic policy 民主政治Federal governments 联邦政府constitutional 宪法的monarch 君主monarchy 君主国、君主体制accordance 一致、和谐rotten 腐败的、堕落的embody 实现，使具体化compromise 妥协，危害compounding 组合a whole gamut of modifications全范围的修改Legislative 立法的jurisdiction 司法权Reformer 改革家Sovereign n君主独立国adj至高无上的有主权的极好的Empirical adj经验主义的Executive functions行政职能Executive officer 行政官员Moral atmosphere 道德氛围Public trust 公众信任Governmental adjustment 政府调节Constitutional principle 宪政原则Non-administrative functions 非行政职能Logical discernment 逻辑判断Functional movement机能性运动Public law公法Technical official 技术官员High authority 高层权力老师补充：constitutional reform 宪政改革popular sovereignty 人民主权public opinion 公共舆论prejudices and reasons 偏见和理性full of compromises 充满妥协sound political doctrine 合理的政治学说distribution of authority 分权的原则the ideal model 理想模式public counsel 公开协商touchstone of theories 理论的试金石二、政治与行政private individuals 私人public authorities 公共机构judicial authorities 司法机构executive authorities 执行机构administrative authorities 行政机构state will 国家意志separate power 分权ethical principles 道德原则public patronage 公职任免权be apt to 倾向于executive function 执行职能legislature 立法机关governmental function 政府职能governmental system 政府体制legal doctrine 法律文件political system 政治体制veto power 否决权entrust 委托，信任the principle of the separation of powers 分权原则political paralysis 政治瘫痪sacrifice 牺牲subordinate 使服从representative 代表positive law 实在法；实证法Politics and Administration政治与行政the executive authority行政权expediency权宜之计political theory政治学理论governmental institution 政府机构constitutional law 宪法，国家法administrative officers 行政人员，行政官员老师补充：lack of harmony 缺乏协调三、官僚制Community n. 社区；群落；共同体；团体Subordination n. 从属；附属；主从关系Civil-service law n.公务员法，文官法federal judges 联邦法官tenure for life 终身制arbitrary dismissal 任意解雇legitimate monarchs 合法君主public opinion 公共舆论immigrant votes 移民的选票popular elections 民众选举administrative chief 行政首脑the expert qualification 专家资格the bureaucracy mechanism 官僚机制jurisdictional areas 权限范围bureaucratic authority 官僚制的权力private economic domination 私人经济领域institutions of capitalism 资本主义机构political structures 政治结构empires of conquest 侵略性帝国executive office 行政机关secondary activity 次要工作labor contracts 劳务契约ideas of culture-values 文化价值观念social esteem 社会尊重老师补充：charismatic type 领袖型traditional type 传统型的权威rational-legal type 合理合法型personal trustees 个人亲信table-companions 身边僚属court servants 朝廷臣仆written documents 书面文件office management 办公室管理office hierarchy 官僚等级制graded authority 按等级赋权super-and subordination 上下级tenure for life 终身任职四、彼得原理men upstairs 身居高职的人Hierarchy n. 层级；等级制度；科层制Factory n. 工厂；制造厂；代理店Incompetence n. 无资格，不胜任；无能力；不适当；不熟练Ineligible n. 无被选资格的人adj. 不合格的；不适任的；无被选资格的Automobile n. 汽车vt. 驾驶汽车Occupation n. 职业；占有；消遣；占有期Applicability n. 适用性；适应性Observe vi. 观察；说；注意到；评论vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论Certificate n. 证书；执照，文凭vt. 发给证明书；以证书形式授权给…；用证书批准Supervisor n. 监督人，[管理] 管理人；检查员Superintendent n. 监督人；负责人；主管；指挥者Incompetent n. 无能力者adj. 无能力的，不胜任的；不合适的；不适当的；无力的minority group 少数群体，少数群体document n. 文件，公文；[计] 文档；证件vt. 用文件证明comply with 照做，遵守the red tape繁文缛节官僚作风Credential n. 证书；凭据；国书departmental adj. 部门的；各县的；分科的Monopoly 垄断；垄断者；专卖权occupational incompetence 职业无能politician 政治家，政客military commanders 军事指挥员situational imponderables 情境的无法估量authoritative source权威人士；权威来源public servants 公务员；公职人员move upward through a hierarchy 通过层次结构向上移动corrupt 腐败的，贪污的；堕落的hierarchy 层级；等级制度maintenance foreman 维修工长City Hall市政厅mayor 市长demoralized 士气低落的；泄气的affability 亲切；和蔼；殷勤superintendent 监督人；负责人；主管；指挥者Workers’Union 工会back and forth 来回Zealous 热心的Apprentice 学徒，实习生obscure fault疑难毛病Perfectionism完美主义Assign new tasks 指派新任务up to one's elbows in 忙于（工作）in a muddle一片混乱Superior上级Subordinates下属Military 军队racy style of speech言谈风趣scorn for petty regulations蔑视琐碎规则Meddle干涉Meddlesome爱管闲事的Superintendent负责人Peter Principle 彼得原理五、新公共行政行政结构administrative structure权威authority行为主义behaviorism边界关系boundary relations计划-规划-预算系统programming-planning-budging systems官僚制；古典官僚制模型bureaucracy ; classic model of bureaucracy变革，变迁，变化change公民参与citizen participation城市管理city management市政服务city services文官制度，公务员制度civil services (reform)文官委员会civil services commission共识，达成一致consensus冲突conflict美国国会congress分权decentralization决策理论decision theory平等-不平等equality-inequality等级制，层级节制hierarchy人际关系human relations逻辑实证主义logical positivism军事的military新公共行政New Public Administration组织民主organizational democracy参与participation多元主义pluralism政策-行政二分法policy-administration dichotomy项目管理project management公共选择public choice理性rationality再造reorganization回应性responsiveness科学与技术science and technology社会公平social equity训练培训training价值中立value neutrality现代行为理论家modern behavioral theorists代议制representativeness政治中立权限politically neutral competence行政领导executive leadership政治反应political responsiveness高层管理top-level management城市管理city management辅助性职能部门the basic auxiliary staff services政治和经济资源political and economic resources前所未有的经济发展时代an era of unprecedented economic growth 道德谴责morally reprehensible委员会的立法机关committee legislatures执行和制定政策execute and make police行政人员administrators政府体制的框架framework of our governmental systempolitical forms 政治形式decentralization 分权organization development 组织开发programming-planning-budgeting systems 规划-计划-预算系统basic strategy 基本策略a basic device for change 一种基本的变革efficiency and economy 效率和经济socioeconomic circumstances 社会经济循环democratic government 民主政府a new form of political access 一种新的政治接近权policy decisions 政策决策the public servant 社会公仆social equity 社会公平Classic Public Administration 传统的公共行政学social problems 社会问题Defense Department 国防部civil-service commissions 文官委员会logical positivism 逻辑实证主义organization theory 组织理论decision theory 决策理论human-relation 人际关系理论second-generation behaviorism 第二代行为主义scientific skills 科学技能alternative policies 备择政策administrative modes 行政模式abstract thought 抽象的思想Administrative theory 行政理论Social equity 社会公平Legislature 立法机关Executive 行政部门Raise taxes 收税Rubric 红字标题Public administrators 行政管理人员Conflict 斗争Middle-level civil service 中级公务人员Eligibility standards 选举标准Regulation 规章Deprived minorities 被剥夺的少数民族Mayor 市长City council 市政委Political system 政党系统Generalist 通才New public administration 新公共行政管理Personnel agency 私人代理Budget department 预算部门Monitored and coordinates 监督协调Integrative综合一体化的Autonomy自治Administrative relations行政事务Resolution决议boundary-exchange process 边际交换过程reference groups 关联群体Distributive and integrative processes 分配和整合过程Military decision 军事决策Crash programs 应急项目Backward budgeting 置后预算Decentralized projects 分权化的项目Pluralist elites 多元主义精英分子The United States Selective Service 美国的征选兵役制The maximum-feasible-participation notion 最大可能性参与的概念Less hierarchic and less authoritative bureaucracies 相对非层级和非权威的官僚机构六、改革政府entrepreneurial government 企业型政府bloated, wasteful, ineffective 机构臃肿、浪费严重、效率低下hierarchical 等级的; 分层的knowledge-intensive society 知识密集型社会decentralizing authority 分权，分散权力nonprofit institution 非营利机构public sector 公共部门public crises 公共危机neighborhood groups 社区团体Mass production 量产Voluntary association 志愿者协会Geographic community 地理社区Neutral administrators 价值中立的行政人员Competitive government 竞争性政府Landfill operation 填埋作业Custodial services 托管服务Parking lot management 停车场管理Cost—consciousness 成本意识Administrative bureaucracies 行政层级的官僚机构health department 卫生部，卫生处welfare department 福利部门commerce department （美国）商务部port authority 港务局Planning and Commission 规划委员会Results-Oriented Government 结果导向型政府Mission-Driven Government 使命型政府federal funding 联邦资助public housing 公共住房，政府为低收入者所建的住房Medicaid coverage 医疗保险welfare package 福利待遇mosaic society 融合社会recreation facilities 娱乐设施competitive bidding process 竞争性招标程序tax revenues 税收收入Interest group 利益集团budget systems 预算制度the electoral process 选举过程market-oriented government 以市场为导向的政府market mechanisms 市场结构antiterrorist system 反恐体系fiscal crisis 财政危机tax revolt 抗税the taxpaying public 纳税人government regulations 政府规章health care 医疗保健。