雪莱生平

雪莱生平（1792-1822）Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792, into a wealthy Sussexfamily .The young Shelley entered Eton, a prestigious school for boys, at the age of twelve. While he was there, he discovered the works of a philosopher named William Godwin, in which he became a fervent believer; the young man wholeheartedly embraced the ideals of liberty and equality espoused by the French Revolution. Entering Oxford in 1810, Shelley was expelled the following spring for his part in authoring a pamphlet entitled The Necessity of Atheism.At the age of nineteen, Shelley eloped with Harriet Westbrook, the sixteen-year-old daughter of a tavern keeper. Not long after, he promptly fell in love with Godwin's daughter Mary Wollstonecraft, whom he was eventually able to marry. In 1816, the Shelleys traveled to Switzerland to meet Lord Byron.Then the two men became close friends. After a time, they formed a circle of English expatriates in Pisa.In 1822, Shelley drowned while sailing in a storm off the Italian coast. He was not yet thirty years old.Shelley belongs to the younger generation of English Romantic poets, the generation that came to prominence while William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were settling into middle age. Where the older generation was marked by simple ideals and a reverence for nature, the poets of the younger generation (which also included John Keats and the infamous Lord Byron) came to be known for their sensuous aestheticism, their explorations of intense passions, their political radicalism, and their tragically short lives.Shelley died when he was twenty-nine, Byron when he was thirty-six, and Keats when he was only twenty-six years old. To an extent, the intensity of feeling emphasized by Romanticism meant that the movement was always associated with youth, and because Byron, Keats, and Shelley died young (and never had the opportunity to sink into conservatism and complacency as Wordsworth did), they have attained iconic status as the representative tragic Romantic artists. Shelley's life and his poetry certainly support such an understanding, but it is important not to indulge in stereotypes to the extent that they obscure a poet's individual character. Shelley's joy, his magnanimity, his faith in humanity, and his optimism are unique among the Romantics; his expression of those feelings makes him one of the early nineteenth century's most significant writers in English.雪莱，（Percy Bysshe Shelley，1792～1822）英国著名民主诗人。

出身乡村地主家庭，20岁入牛津大学，因写反宗教的哲学论文<<无神论的必然性>>被学校开除。

投身社会后，又因写诗歌鼓动英国人民革命及支持爱尔兰民族民主运动，而被迫于1818年迁居意大利。

在意大利，他仍积极支持意大利人民的民族解放斗争，1822年渡海遇风暴不幸船沉溺死。

雪莱是跟拜伦齐名的欧洲著名浪漫主义诗人。

其作品热情而富哲理思辨，诗风自由不羁，常任天上地下、时间空间、神怪精灵往来变幻驰骋，又惯用梦幻象征手法和远古神话题材。

其最优秀的作品有评论人间事物的长诗《仙后麦布》(1813)，描写反封建起义的幻想性抒情故事诗《伊斯兰的反叛》（1818），控诉曼彻斯特大屠杀的政治诗《暴政的行列》（1819），支持意大利民族解放斗争的政治诗《自由颂》（1820），表现革命热情及胜利信念的《西风颂》（1819），以及取材于古希腊神话，表现人民反暴政胜利后瞻望空想社会主义前景的代表诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》（1819）等。

雪莱浪漫主义理想的终极目标就是创造一个人人享有自由幸福的新世界。

他设想自己是日夜飞翔的夭使、飘浮蓝空的云朵、翱翔太空的云雀，乃至深秋季节的西风，是新世界理想的传播者、歌颂者、号召者。

他以美丽的语言、丰富的想象描绘了这个新世界的绚丽画面，而且豪迈地预言：“如果冬天已经来临，春天还会远吗？” 因此，恩格斯赞美雪菜是“天才的预言家”。

主要作品诗歌爱尔兰人之歌（The Irishman`s Song，1809）战争（War，1810）魔鬼出行（The Devil`s Walk，1812）麦布女王（Queen Mab，1813）一个共和主义者有感于波拿巴的倾覆（Feelings Of A Republican On The Fall Of Bonaparte，1816）玛丽安妮的梦（Marianne`s` Dream，1817）致大法官（To The Lord Chancellor，1817）奥西曼迭斯（Ozymandias，1817）逝（The Past，1818）一朵枯萎的紫罗兰（On A Faded Violet，1818）召苦难（Invocation To Misery，1818）致玛丽（To Mary，1818）伊斯兰的反叛（The Revolt of Islam，1818）西风颂（Ode To The West Wind，1819）饥饿的母亲（A Starving Mother，1819）罗萨林和海伦（Rosalind and Helen，1819）含羞草（The Sensitive Plant，1820）云（The Cloud，1820）致云雀（To A Skylark，1820）自由颂（Ode To Liberty，1820）解放的普罗米修斯（Prometheus Unbound，1820）阿多尼（Adonais，1821）一盏破碎的明灯（Lines，1822）Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1827), English Romantic poet who rebelled against English politics and conservative values. Shelley drew no essential distinction between poetry and politics, and his work reflected the radical ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era.Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792, at Field Place, near Horsham in Sussex, into an aristocratic family. His father, Timothy Shelley, was a Sussex squire and a member of Parliament. Shelley attended Syon House Academy and Eton and in 1810 he entered the Oxford University College.In 1811 Shelley was expelled from the college for publishing The Necessity Of Atheism, which he wrote with Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Shelley's father withdrew his inheritance in favor of a small annuity, after he eloped with the 16-year old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London tavern owner. The pair spent the following two years traveling in England and Ireland, distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice. In 1813 Shelley published his first important poem, the atheistic Queen Mab.The poet's marriage to Harriet was a failure. In 1814 Shelley traveled abroad with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of the philosopher and anarchist William Godwin (1756-1836). Mary's young stepsister Claire Clairmont was also in the company. During this journey Shelley wrote an unfinished novella, The Assassins (1814). Their combined journal, Six Weeks' Tour, reworked by Mary Shelley, appeared in 1817. After their return to London, Shelley came into an annual income under his grandfather's will. Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine in 1816. Shelley married Mary Wollstonecraft and his favorite son William was born in 1816.Shelley spent the summer of 1816 with Lord Byron at Lake Geneva, where Byron had an affair with Claire. Shelley composed the "Hymn To Intellectual Beauty" and "Mont Blanc". In 1817 Shelley published The Revolt Of Islam and the much anthologized "Ozymandias" appeared in 1818. Among Shelley's popular poems are the Odes "To the West Wind" and "To a Skylark" and Adonais, an elegy for Keats.In 1818 the Shelleys moved to Italy, where Byron was residing. In 1819 they went to Rome and in 1820 to Pisa. Shelley's works from this period include Julian And Maddalo, an exploration of his relations with Byron and Prometheus Unbound, a lyrical drama. TheCenci was a five-act tragedy based on the history of a 16th-century Roman family, and The Mask Of Anarchy was a political protest which was written after the Peterloo massacre. In 1822 the Shelley household moved to the Bay of Lerici. There Shelley began to write The Triumph Of Life.To welcome his friend Leigh Hunt, he sailed to Leghorn. During the stormy return voyage to Lerici, his small schooner the Ariel sank and Shelley drowned with Edward Williams on July 8, 1822. The bodies were washed ashore at Viareggio, where, in the presence of Lord Byron and Leigh Hunt, they were burned on the beach. Shelley was later buried in Rome./shelley_percy/Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792---1822) Shelley, England's greatest lyric poet, came of a family of some importance and power. His father was s Sussex county gentleman and a Whig member of Parliament; his grand-father, who became a baronet, had amassed a great fortune. Shelley, the eldest son, accordingly grew up with the prospect of becoming a man of wealth and title. At Eton, he proved a good classical scholar, but was not very happy, for he was by nature revolutionary and unconventional. He was known as ??mad Shell ey?ˉ and ??Shelley the atheist?ˉ, and hisenthusiasm for studies in electricity, chemistry, and astronomy, and the exciting experiments he conducted, gave rise to many stories. The persecutions which he endured and witnessed at school gave him a lifelong detestation of tyranny and violence. Shelley went to Oxford full of plans for changing the system of society --- ideas partly picked up from the literature of the French Revolution. Being convinced that religious faiths were harmful to man's happiness, he and his friend. T.J. Hogg H, put forth a small study in logic, called The Necessity of Atheism. The Oxford authorities objected, and when Shelley and Hogg declined to discuss the matter, they were sent down. This to Shelley at 18 was a disaster, for he lost a valuable education at Oxford. He fell out with his father and became a wan-derer; though he would eventually inherit a fortune, he had no ready money. When he was 19, he eloped with Harriet Westbrook, a girl of 16 whom he scarcely knew but whom he thought he should rescue from a tyrannical family. They were married in Edinburgh, and went to Keswick where Southey was kind to them. From there Shelley, always full of schemes, went on a quixotic expedition to redress the wrongs of the Irish; from Lynmouth shortly afterwards he distributed a seditious pamphlet called The Rights of Man, scattering some copies by balloon and putting others into bottles and throwing them into the sea. In 1813 he printed and published privately an extraordinary poem, Queen Mab, which expressed his protest against religion, his hatred of all forms of tyranny, and his belief in a new golden age. In his glorification of revolutionary ideas, Shelley had sought out William Godwin, author of Political Justice, who had married Mary Wollstonecraft, author of The Rights of Women. His marriage with Harriet having proved a complete failure,aa Shelley eloped with Godwin's 15-year-old daugher Mary. But later that year Harriet was found drowned in the Serpentine, and her two children by Shelley became the subject of a lawsuit. Shelley was not only deeply shocked by the tragedy but also suffered the bitterness of losing his children. He married Mary Godwin, and they tried to settle at Marlow, on the Thames. There, in 1816, he wrote Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude, the first long poem to show his true genius; next year he wrote a long imaginative poem on liberty and love, The Revolt of Islam, which was inspired by the French Revolution and contains many fine passages of description and dramatic narrative. By this time Shelley had become a friend of Leigh Hunt and Peacock and had met Keats. Finally in 1818, partly to escape prejudice and insult, and also Godwin's constant demands for money, and partly because of Shelley's illnesses, the Shelleys decided to seek peace in Italy. There Shelley gave up his dream of reforming the world by direct political action and decided that he could accomplish most by passing on his own inspiration to others through his poetry. In this belief he composed his Prometheus Unbound, a poem to be enjoyed for its incomparable music, its colour and story, as well as because it contains Shelley's noblest ideas. To this period, too, belong his Lines written in the Euganean Hills and Julian and Maddalo, an autobiographical poem based on a happy visit to Byron in Venice H. At this time Shelley wrote his finest lyrics --- The Could, The Skylark, the Ode to the West Wind, and others, the music and intensity of which show Shelley to be entering on a new stage of personal and imaginative greatness. The Shelleys moved restlessly from place to place, and they suffered much unhappiness. The strain of constant travelling told on his health, and they both had to endure the great misery of losing their much-loved children William and Clara. They also found that the calumny and hate from which they had hoped to escape followed them even to Italy. In daily life Shelley was gay enough, however, the leading figure in their circle of friends in Pisa, where they eventually settled. In the summer of 1822 Leigh Hunt came out to Italy to discuss a new periodical, proposed by Byron, in which Shelley was to take part. Shelley with a companion sailed in hisyacht to greet him; but on the return voyage, Shelley's yacht capsized in a sudden squall and he and his friend were drowned. Shelley's body was identified by the volumes of Keats and Sophocles found in his pockets. The bodies were cremated on the shore, and Shelley's ashes were buried next to Keats in the Protestant cemetery in Rome. It was for Keats that Shelley had written his elegy, adonais, in 1821, in which he seemed to predict his own death. Shelley was 30 when he died, leaving unfinished the most original of all his poems, The Triumph of Life, in which his realism appears in all its sharp strength. As we have it, this fragment presents life as a vanity of vanities, but it is almost certain that Shelley meant in the second half to assert the splendours which human beings could attain. Mary Shelley, who was only 25 when Shelley died, wrote his biography and edited and published his poetry, comparatively little of which had appeared during his lifetime and that little received with almost universal abhorrence or indifference. He left much fine prose also, including his famous Defence of Poetry, containing his analysis of the way in which poetry is written and his defence of poets as the ??unacknowledged legislators of the world?ˉ. Excerpts from Oxford Junior Encyclopedia 珀西·比希·雪莱(1792—1822) 英国最伟大的抒情诗人雪莱，出身于一个有点地位和权势的家庭。