2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破
2019年高考英语阅读理解专题复习10篇(带答案)
2019年高考英语阅读理解专题复习10篇(名师精选真题实战训练+详细解题过程，值得下载练习)[一]As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford wasbuilt at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced thenext month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some ofthe most lasting aspects o f American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, themotel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what itmeant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The roadnovel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundantpetrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest publicworks project in history.pot and In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“ a chicken in everya car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since1990.The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer ThomasL.Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing strength.“ clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency ofpower in the new century.”【文章大意】汽车作为美国的文化符号尚年轻,但给美国带来了方方面面的变化。
全国卷高考英语四选一阅读考点突破 理解主旨要义
段落大意
[典型例题] 2020年全国Ⅱ卷·32 We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at
the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
△ What is the paragraph mainly about? A√ . The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars. C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition.
2. (2012年全国课标卷·67) Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water...
(5)若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答 很可能就是文章的主旨。 (6)说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如 their studies show that… ， the experiment shows that…， scientists/researchers have found that… 或there is evidence suggesting that…中 that从句的内容通常就是主旨。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解强化系列(04)及解析
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解强化系列（04）及解析ANooneknowswherethephrase“Indiansummer”gotstarted.Wearesurethatthephrasewaswell －knownbytheyear1778,becauseCrevecoeur,anAmericanwriter,describeditlikethis:“Ahardfrost(霜冻)followstheautumnrains.Thispreparesthegroundtoreceivethesnowsofwinter.Butbefo rethesnowscome,theearthturnswarmonceagainandthereareafewdaysofsmokeandmildnessc alledIndiansummer.”ThereisastoryaboutIndiansummerthatgoesbacktotheveryfirstsettlersoftheNewWorld.T hefirstfrostmeantwinterwascoming.Snowwouldsoonfollow.TheIndians,seeingthesettlerspreparingforwinter,toldthemnottohurry.Theweatherwou ldturnwarm,mildbreezeswouldblowandtheskywouldturnsoftandsmoky.Andsoitdid.Thesun becamehotter,andabrightwarmsmokeflowedoverthefieldsandwoods.Thesettlers,remembe ringthewordsoftheIndians,calledthiswonderfulperiodIndiansummer. ButtheIndianshavetheirownstoriesaboutthislateperiodofwarmweather.Oneoftheirstor iesisaboutagodcalledShawondasee. ShawondaseewasasadgodbecausehehadlosttheloveofatallandbeautifulIndianmaiden.The sadandbeautifulstorycaughttheimaginationoftheAmericanpoetHenryWadsworthLongfell ow.In1855heincludedthestoryofShawondaseeinhispoem“ThesongofHiawatha”. Thestorygoeslikethis：GodShawondasee,fatandlazy,livedunderthedreamyandnever－endingsouthernsun.Hesentbirdsandwildgeesetothenorth,aswellasmelonsandgrapes.Hes mokedabigpipe,andasthesmokerose,itfilledtheskywithdreamysoftness,gaveabrightshi netothewaterandbroughtthetenderIndiansummertothemelancholynorthland. Thereissomethingaboutthisperiodofwarmweatherthatgivespeoplealiftandmakesthemfee lwarmandhappybeforethelongsnowsofwintercome.5、Whichseasondoes“Indiansummer”referto?A.Earlyspring.tesummer.C.Mid－autumn.D.Earlywinter.6、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheweatherofthisperiodoftime?A.Hotandhumid.B.Warmandmild.C.Coolandbright.D.Coldandsmoky.7、TheIndians’explanationtothisnaturalphenomenonisthatGodShawondasee______.A.livedunderthedreamysouthernsunB.tookpityonthehomelesssettlersC.smokedalotbecauseofhisbadmoodD.lenthissmokingpipetotheIndians8、Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“melancholy”？A.Sadandlonely.B.Dreamyandexciting.C.Softandmusical.D.Warmandhappy.[答案]5、D。
2019届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破：日常活动与购物
日常活动与购物一、阅读理解1 Silence is unnatural to man.He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness.In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he fears silence more than anything else.Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence.If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox(喋喋不休的人).He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure(蜡塑人像).The aim of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子).But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzing, fortunately, is pleasant to the ear, and some of it is pleasant even to the mind. He would be a foolish man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing -with his neighbors.Those who hate to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears, though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be successful conservationists.1.According to the passage, people usually talk to their neighbors_____.A.in the hope of learning something newB.in the hope of getting on wellC.about whatever they have preparedD.about whatever they want to2.According to the author, people make conversation to______.A.achieve success in lifeB.exchange ideasC.overcome their fear of silenceD.prove their value3.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To persuade people to stop making noises.B.To explain why people keep talking.C.To discuss why people like talking about weather.D.To encourage people to join in conversations.4.By "the buzzing of a fly"(Para.1), the author means"_____".A.the voice of a chatterboxB.meaningless talk soundC.a low whisperingD.the noise of an insect2. Going camping is a tradition in summer for many kids.You might go to a traditional camp,where kids swim,do crafts,put on plays,and sit around the campfire at night.Or maybe you're going to a special interest camp,where you'll work on your sports skills,learn more about computers,outer space,or art.No matter which kind of camp you're going to,you're probably excited,and maybe a little nervous if it's your first time.Be proud of yourself for being grown-up enough to go to camp.It's a chance to try new things,like horsebackriding,canoeing,playing tennis,or dancing in a dance contest!But camp is even more than just friends and fun.It's also an opportunity to learn a little more about being independent.Many kids go to day camps during summer.They can be a lot of fun,but the schedule is familiar.You start camp in the morning and go home in the afternoon.Sometimes,a bus takes you or you might get a ride from one of your parents or someone else's parents.Like anything,it may take you a little while to get used to the place,the camp counsellors (顾问),and the kids.Camps offer some other excitement because you'll be there all day and night,eating your meals there and sleeping over.It's a kind of vacation,but without your parents.You'll probably sleep in a small room or dorm with other kids attending the camp.You'll probably eat together in a large cafeteria and you'll have to share the bathroom with the other kids at your camp.1.If you want to improve a special skill,you may attend_______ .A.an evening party at schoolB.a traditional campC.a special interest campD.a concert2.Summer camps can offer you not only entertainment but also___________ .A.knowledge and skillsB.skills of farming and gardeningC.chances to meet many kind farmersD.chances to learn about rural habits and customers3.We may conclude from the passage that__________.A.it is practical and interesting for a kid to go campingB.kids had better stay together with their parents while going campingC.going camping may also bring about danger to kidsD.a good plan is the first thing before going camping4.The writer's purpose of writing this passage is to__________ .B.advertise for a touring companyC.introduce an interesting activity to kidsD.remind kids of what to pay attention to while camping3. Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms –maybe witha few stori es of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”1.The best title for the passage is probably _____.A.Sunday—Best Time for FamilyB.Sunday Roast Dying OutC.It’s the Perfect Time fo r UsD.Let’s Sit Down Together2.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?A.They have a busy lifestyle.B.They have no interest in cooking.C.They don’t think it worthwhile.D.They are living in the modern society.3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.A recent article.B.A traditional kitchen.C.The fine old tradition.D.Sunday morning activity.4.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Sorry.D.Uncertain.4. Children from Korea like to play games and take part in activities to pass the time. Here are four of them.Chang-giKnown as Korean chess, Chang-gi is a favorite among Korean children. It is similar to the chess played in the West as well as Chinese chess, but its board, playing pieces and rules differ slightly. offers instructions on how to play Chang-gi, as well as the history and strategy of this game.Nol-ttwigiNol-ttwigi is the Korean version of the Western see-saw (跷跷板). Rather than sitting on either side of the see­saw, players stand on each end and jump to push their partner into the air. Nol-ttwigi was a game only played by women in the beginning. Now it’s also a popular activity among children, especially young girls. YunnoriYunnori, also known as Four-Stick Game, is a traditional Korean game often played during celebrations. It requires four players or teams to be played, and on each turn four sticks are thrown into the air. How they land determines how much space the players move. The first player to make it all the way around the board and back to the starting point wins the game.Kite flyingKites have played a key role in Korean culture for centuries, and these flying wonders continue to play a major part in seasonal celebrations. Traditional Korean kites are usually made of decorated paper and bamboo sticks, but the shapes of the kites differ from region to region. Now, this children’s activity is also enjoyed by adults. Korean fighter kite flying is now a popular sport among Koreans and other Asians. tells people ________.A.the rules of the chess Chang-giB.the strategy of all chess gamesC.the way to make the playing pieces of Chang-giD.the difference between Chang-gi and other chess games2.What do we know about Nol-ttwigi?A.It is played only by children.B.It needs four players at a time.C.It wasn’t played by men at first.D.It has the longest history in Korea.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Today’s Korean k ites keep the same shapes as the past ones.B.Chang-gi is the most popular game among Korean children.C.Korean fighter kite flying also attracts foreigners.D.Yunnori needs fewer players than the other three activities.4.The passage is mainly to ________.A.tell the effects of activities on childrenB.introduce four popular activities in KoreaC.show the development of four activities in KoreaD.encourage children to take an active part in activities5 Imagine this scene: it’s blowing outside, and you snuggle (蜷伏) up on the sofa under a warm quilt, chatting and recalling with your closest friends.That content, cosy feeling has a name in Danish —hygge. And, asDenmarkrecently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”, the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept.Hygge—originally from a Norwegian word meaning well-being —doesn’t have an exact equivalent (等同物) in English. It’s often translated as coziness, or as blogger Anna West told the BBC, “coziness of the soul”. But, as professor Maren Spark explains, “Hygge was never meant to be translated. It was meant to be felt.”Basically, hygge involves creating a warm, cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark and so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical Hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and light-hearted conversation with friends —preferably in the warm glow of candlelight, or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing.However, hygge isn’t only limited to the cold winter months —it can also describe that warm, fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on summer’s day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared.1.The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to_____.A.help the readers to calm downB.introduce the topic of the passageC.present the main idea of the passageD.remind the readers of their past memories2.What do the underlined words by Maren Spark mean?A.The translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough.B.Only Danish speakers know what “hygge” means.C.“Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel.D.We can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it3.Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity?A.Skiing in the cold winter months.B.Living through long dark winters.C.Taking afternoon tea with friends.D.Walking alone in the forest.4.The author writes this passage to_____.A.explainB.persuadementD.advertise6. On 24 and 25 November,the busiest days in the American sale calendar and the unofficial start of the international Christmas shopping season, thousands of activists and concerned citizens in 65 countries will take a 24-hour consumer detox(消费者排毒)as part of the 14th yearly Buy Nothing Day,a global event that started in Vancouver,Canada.From joining zombie marches through shopping centers to organizing credit card “cutups”and shopaholic clinics,Buy Nothing Day activists aim to challengethemselves, their families and their friends to switch off from shopping and tune back into life for one day· Featured in recent years by the likes of CNN,Wired,the BBC,and CBC,the global event is celebrated as a relaxed family holiday,as anon-commercial street party, or even as a politically charged public protest.Anyone can take part provided they spend a day without spending.Reasons for participating in Buy Nothing Day are as varied as the people who choose to participate.Some see it as an escape from the marketing mind games and crazy consumer binge(狂欢)that has come to characterise the holiday season,and our culture m general.Others use it to show the environmental consequences ofover-consumption·Two recent disaster warnings outline the sudden urgency of our dilemma. First of all, in October,a global warming report by economist Sir Nicholas Stern predicted that climate change will lead to the most massive and most wide-ranging market failure the world has ever seen.Soon afterwards,a major study published in the journal Science forecasted the neartotal collapse(崩溃)of global fisheries within 40 years.Kalie Lasn,co-founder of the Adbusters Media Foundation,who was responsible for turning Buy Nothing Day into an international yearly event,said,“Our strong fall into ecological collapse requires a complete change in the way we see things.Driving hybrid(混合动力)cars and limiting industrial emissions(排放物)is great,but they are band-aid(创可贴式的)solutions if we don’t settle the central problem--we have to consume less.This is the message of Buy Nothing Day.”As Lasn suggests,Buy Nothing Day isn’t just about changing your habits for one day.It’s about starting a lasting lif estyle commitment to consuming less and producing less waste.1.What do we know about Buy Nothing Day?A.It was founded in America.B.It discourages consuming.C.It rewards non-shopping families.D.It aims to clear shoppers from the streets.2.What is the holiday season like?A.Shoppers spend money like water.B.The shopping centers are in a mess.C.People waste time on street parties.D.A protest march often takes place.3.What is the focus of Paragraph 4?A.The effects of Buy Nothing Day.B.Recent studies on global market.C.The possible dangers on global market.D.Reasons for organizing Buy Nothing Day.4.What does Lasn say about the hidden message of Buy Nothing Day?A.Reduce carbon emission.B.Shop less for one single day.C.Be more active in production.D.Lead an eco—friendly lifestyle.7. Shenzhen is a shopping paradise for visitors. Following is a list of the most popular shopping areas in the city.▲North Huaqiang AreaThe most prosperous shopping area in Shenzhen, it is home to dozens of market places for electronic products, home appliances, timepieces, clothing and jewelry. Some market places each house hundreds of shops, from flagship stores selling big brands to small boutiques where you can bargain.It is also a great place to dine, with plenty of restaurants offering various Chinese cuisines and foreign brands like Pizza Hut, Hagen Dazs and AijiSen.▲Dongmen AreaOne of the oldest commercial centers in Shenzhen, this area highlights a walking street flanked by humming stores. It is a good place to buy clothes, handbags, fashion accessories, jewelry, handicrafts, toys and small electronic gadgets.▲MixC Shopping MallIt is the city's largest shopping mall and one of the most luxurious, selling clothes, cosmetics and fashion accessories. There is a large indoor ice skating rink, a movie theater and a super market selling many imported goods. You can also find quite a few foreign restaurant brands here, including Pizza Hut, Starbucks and a Japanese noodle house.▲ShekouSitting by a beautiful cove in western Nanshan District, this quiet place is frequented by many expatriates living in Shenzhen. There are stores selling antiques, collectibles, handicrafts and souvenirs, as well as bars and restaurants offering Western food.1.What can you do at North Huaqiang Area?A.Skate.B.See a film.C.Buy antiques.D.Eat Chinese food.2.According to the passage, where can you find a large indoor place to skate?A.North Huaqiang Area.B.Dongmen Area.C.MixC Shopping Mall.D.Shekou.3.Where does this passage probably come from?A.A travel magazine.B.A museum guide.C.A text book.D.A news report.8. “Who needs a shopping mall if you have Taobao?” says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing. Taobao, China’s largest onl ine shopping site(网上购物站), has become an important part of Wang Lin’s life. She spends lots of money on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users have found the joys of online shopping. Most online shoppers are students or young people. More women shop online than men. Clothing and home-use products(产品) are the most popular online.More than 250 billion yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao.Taobao means “looking for treasure” in Chinese. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.You may ask if it is safe to shop online. Wang Lin said, “It’s very safe and convenient. Unless you receive the products from the shop owners and are happy with them, they will not get the money. You can also get your money back if you want to return them.”1.What are the most popular online?A.Candies and DVD players.B.Treasure products.C.Clothing and home-use products.D.Clothes and books.2.Taobao is _______.A.a shopping mallB.an online shopping siteC.an online shopperD.China’s largest website3.Which is the best title of the passage?A.Wang Lin’n lifeB.Looking for treasureC.Shopping online is not safeD.Online shopping in China9 Though online ordering is popular in theUKtoday, hands-on experience still attracts many buyers’ attention.Oxford StreetLondon is a shoppers’ paradise, and most visitors head for Oxford Street. Halfway along is Selfridges, one of the world’s first department stores where the architecture and window dressing impress you even before you go in. There are at least four other major stores on this street, plus Europe’s largest music shop. In December the atmosphere is especially festive because of the Christmas lights which are always lighted by a politician, a great sportsman, or a super star. Kensington High StreetA fashionable area for shopping is Kensington High Street. One of its department stores even has a roof garden----good for relaxing between purchases. There’s also an organic food superstore.Borough MarketYou can’t visit London without going to a supermarket. One of the oldest and best for food is probably Borough Market on the south bank of the Thames. Get off the underground at London Bridge and wander among fresh fish stalls, bakeries,and fruit and vegetable sellers. You can also buy specialties to take away, like cheeses, pork pies, mustard and chutney.More places for bargainsPortobello Road Market on a Saturday is your best choice for jewelry or collec tor’s items. It’s a short walk from the underground station at Notting Hill Gate and you never know what you will find. For clothes, Camden Market is the place. It gets a little crowded at the weekends, though. Convent Garden Market offers great experience for the simple pleasure of looking at jewelry and gifts.1.Oxford Street becomes special in December for________.A.the wonderful window dressingB.the Europe’s largest music shopC.the lights lighted by a famous personD.many bargains to choose from2.To enjoy food, you can go to__________.A.Camden MarketB.Borough MarketC.Kensington High StreetD.Portobello Road Market3.Where is this passage probably taken from?A.A science book.B.A traveler’s journal.C.A news report.D.A trip guide.10. You are out to shopping. The sweater you buy home is ugly. Why?There is a science to every sale. Among other findings of interest to retailers, researchers have shown thatcustomers are drawn to items sitting on the middle of a shelf, as opposed to the ends, and that we perceiveprices to be lower when they have fewer syllables and end with a 9. Stores have figured out how to deal with usby overpricing goods with the intention of later marking it down, knowing that we will see the lowered price as adeal.“Retail atmospherics”—lighting, wall color, music, smell and so on—can significantly influence customers’moods, and their spending. Stores jammed with goods are known to induce claustrophobia(幽闭恐惧症) , whilethose that are too bare can cause agoraphobia. Either extreme can lead shoppers to flee. One researcher found that stores could remove these responses with the right fragrance. One paper now under peer review shows thatcooler temperatures indoors lead to a more emotional style of decision making, while warmth contributes to amore analytical approach—which could explain why expensive stores always seem to have theirair-conditioningfunctioning.Touch is important too. Stores that keep their goods behind glass or in hard-to-reach places might considermaking goods more accessible. People are more likely to buy a high-quality item if they can handle it. Music islikewise a powerful tool: The right kind can increase customers’ pleasure and cause them to lose track of time.One study found that popular music leads to impulsive decisions, whilelesser-known background music leads tofocused shoppers—ones who are, say, more likely to carefully process information about promotions.So now you know: You’re not entirely to blame for that regrettable statement necklace, or that unused manpurse. Anchoring and atmospherics got the better of you.1.What does the underlined word “science” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Plan.B.Trap.C.Goal.D.Trick.2.How many factors are mentioned in paragraph 3?A.5.B.6.C.7.D.8.3.What can we know from the passage?A.Unknown songs are sure to improve sales.B.A wider choice of goods is always good for sales.C.The price of goods ending with a 9 is lower than that of a 3.D.Goods of high quality should be within the reach of customers.4.Why do you buy that ugly sweater according to this passage?A.Because you are taken over by atmosphere.B.Because you care more about the good price.C.Because you are cheated by talkative salesgirls.D.Because you are attracted by the unique design.D参考答案一、阅读理解答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B解析：本文论述了人们司空见惯的一种交流方式――谈话,人们不停的交谈,自有其一定特殊意义。
2019年高考英语阅读理解10篇专题复习(带答案)
2019年高考英语阅读理解专题训练10篇(名师精选真题实战训练+详细解题过程，值得下载练习)[一]As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“ a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“ The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”【文章大意】汽车作为美国的文化符号尚年轻,但给美国带来了方方面面的变化。
2019年高考英语真题阅读理解专题(有详细解析)
2019年高考英语真题阅读理解整理（有详细解析）（一）1.Sunday ,31 AugustWe’ve been in China for a month now. Dad, Mom, Harry and I moved to Tianjin on 25 August. We’re not very far from Beijing. Two days ago, we celebrated my 16th birthday. It was great celebrating in China;the only thing that was strange was the cake一here they’re not as sweet as the ones in New York. On Monday school starts—I wonder what it will be like.Monday, 1 SeptemberOn my first day I was looking around for a locker to put my books in. However,here all the students keep all of their books at their desks. We stay in the same classroom because apparently we don’t have to go from class to class—teachers come to us!Today we selected teacher assistants for each subject. Their duties are to collect homework, make announcements, and do other stuff for the teachers and the students. It’s kind of a big deal here! Since I am from the US, I was asked to be the English assistant. I felt so proud but quite nervous at the s ame time because I wasn’t sure what I had to do,but I accepted the job anyway. Friday ,3 OctoberBoy, what a week! Now we have nine classes every day, including the morning class, a combination of our American schools “ Homeroom ” and “ Study Hall ”. I think Chinese students work too much! I have to do my 、homework when I get back home. I don’t even have time to watch TV or surf the Internet like before. I sometimes miss New York and my school because we didn’t have to study so much. We had more time to hang out with our classmates and neighbors; here, besides their usual classes, students are involved in weekend classes in subjects such as English, Chinese and math.I get a lot of attention, being from another country. Everyone wants to practice English with me!A really cute girl even asked me for my phone number on my second day and sent me a text message! I’m making a lot more friends now. I just need a lot of help to improve my Chinese. Some students want to do a language exchange program with me. Nice!1.The passage mentions all the following points EXCEPT _______ .A.physics studyB.food flavourC.free time activitiesnguage exchange programs2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the teacher assistant’s duty?A.Collecting homework.B.Making announcements.C.Helping teachers with small errands (差事).D.Teaching classmates.3.Where is this passage most probably from?A.A storybook.B.A guide book.C.A diary.D.A magazine.4.The passage is best described by _______ .A.culture shockB.multi-cultureC.unique cultureD.cultural background2. Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up ahill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take justone picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.2.According to the author, the woman was probably___________.A.enjoying herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past3.In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo s o alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The woman's existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day4.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ____________.A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty5.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _____________.A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendship3. Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location (位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town,” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because offinancial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.4. Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.1.Which of these sentences best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph 1?A.To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B.Intelligence is developed by the environment.C.Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.D.Some people are born clever and others born stupid.2.It is suggested in this passage that_______.A.the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceB.unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceC.close relation usually have similar intelligenceD.people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence3.The phrase “at random”(Line3, para.2) means _______ .A.purposelyB.frequentlyC.independentlyD.aimlessly4.The best title for this article would be_______.A.On IntelligenceB.What Dose Intelligence Mean ?C.We Are Born with IntelligenceD.Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence5. In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the na mes of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ s tyle of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern artC.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Victorian age.6. Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll h ave no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walkedahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a mome nt to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more _____________.A.anxious to do wondersB.sensitive to others' feelingsC.likely to develop unpleasant habitsD.eager to explore the world around them2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.B.To stop complaining all the time.C.To follow the teacher's advice.D.To admit mistakes honestly.3.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________.A.are very patient in their observationB.are really fascinated by natureC.care only about the names of birdsD.question the accuracy of the field guides4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A.The natural beauty isn't attractive to them.B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB.get rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeC.open our mind to new things and ideasD.try our best to protect nature7. Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. "Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.” Drink Good Wet Root Beer.” Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of "You Need It! Buy It Now!"The beginning of the ride is comfortable and so mewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless (鲁莽的) or daring, the ride can be as thrilling (惊心动魄的) as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.The end of the ride is somew hat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with yourhands on the armrests even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at no more ways to sit.1.According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?A.Advertisements on the billboards.B.Films on television.C.Buses on the road.D.Gas stations.2.What is the purpose of this passage?A.To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips.B.To persuade you to take a long bus trip.C.To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.D.To describe the billboards along the road.3.The writer of this passage would probably favor .A.bus drivers who aren’t recklessB.driving aloneC.a television set on the busD.no billboards along the road4.The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because .A.the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are funB.they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in betweenC.the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on busesD.both traveling and watching TV are not exciting.5.The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are.fortableB.excitingC.tiringD.boring（二）1. A year ago, a couple with three children moved into the apartment next door to me. I never heard any noise from the children, but the parents were always yelling at them.We often met and I always spoke, but the only answer I ever got was a hello from a four-year old girl. One day when I returned they were just coming back to their apartment and the little girl was holding the door in the hall open for the others. I remained in the car doing unnecessary things. The parents were telling her to hurry. I looked up and saw the little girl was still holding the door open, waiting for me.So I hurried as much as I could and thanked her. She was smiling from ear to ear.That afternoon I was at the K-Mart and I saw a white teddy bear. I thought of the little girl and said to myse lf, “I bet she would like it.” So I bought it for her.The next day there was a knock on the door and it was the little girl and her father. She was so proud of her bear and thanked me. Then I noticed her mother and the other children were there in the hall, too.Now when we meet in the hall we all speak in a friendly manner. Last night we had about 4 inches of snow. The temperature was below zero. When I opened the outside door, there was my car with all the snow removed. The man next door was the only person I knew in the whole building, so when I saw him the next day, I asked him if he was the nice person that removed the snow. He said NO. He wanted to, but his wife said she would do it.Isn’t it amazing that the small kind act of a 4-year-old girl can change so many things for the better?1.The author bought a teddy bear to _____A.show off his wealthB.express his thanksC.please his neighborD.refuse the help2.Who removed the snow on the author’s car?A.the girlB.the girl’s fatherC.the gi rl’s motherD.both the girl’s father and mother3.The passage is _____________.A.sympathetic(同情的)B.humorousC.warmD.frightening4.What does the author want to tell us through the passage?A.little children should be polite to their neighbors.B.More good things come from small acts.C.Your neighbors are not as bad as you think.D.Things can be changed as a consequence of removing snow.2. Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name — phubbers(低头族).Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie(自拍照)in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world.Although the ending sounds overstated, the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying. “the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report.But that’s not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported.It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.1.For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragragh2?A.To advertise the cartoon made by students.B.To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing.C.To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers.D.To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients.2.Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have?A.His social skills could be affected.B.He will cause the destruction of the world.C.His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed.D.He might get separated from his friends and family.3.Which of the following may be the author’s attitude towards phubbing?A.Objective.B.Supportive.C.Optimistic.D.Opposed.4.What may the passage talk about next?A.Advice on how to use a cell phone.B.People who are addicted to phubbing.C.The possible consequences of phubbing.D.Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing.3. Before birth,babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教),birds could rule the roost.As recently reported in The Auk:OrnithologicalAdrances,some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。
2019高考(浙江)英语二轮复习：第二部分 题型专题突破 专题二 阅读理解 第三讲专题强化训练
A(2015·淮安市第二次调研测试)Fuel Cell Technology for CarsFill her up with hydrogen? That’s what some California motorists may be saying soon，as car makers try to speed up production of zero emission(零排放) cars to meet state requirements in the near future.Beneath the skin of this ordinary looking Hondas FCX Concept Vehicle sits an electro-chemical reactor：a hand-built，astronomically expensive power_plant known as a fuel cell.It’s expected to be running ordinary family cars on California’s roads within three years.So what exactly is a fuel cell，anyway? Why are governments，private businesses and academic institutions cooperating to develop and produce them? A fuel cell，very simply described，is a power generator，making electricity through the combination of hydrogen and oxygen.Fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently，without pollution.Unlike power sources that use fossil fuels，the only by-products from an operating fuel cell are heat and water.To be more technical about it，a hydrogen atom with its one electron，attempts to pass through a fuel cell membrane(膜) to unite with an oxygen atom.The membrane allows only the hydrogen proton(质子) to pass through，forcing its electron to run around the membrane to catch up with the proton on the other side.This creates electricity，water，and heat，but no exhaust emissions.If the fuel cell is powered with pure hydrogen，it has the potential to be up to 80-percent efficient.That is，it turns 80 percent of the energy content of the hydrogen into electrical energy.However，we still need to turn the electrical energy into mechanical work.This is accomplished by the electric motor.A reasonable number for the efficiency of the motor is about 80 percent.So we have 80-percent efficiency in generating electricity，and 80percent efficiency turning it into mechanical power.That gives an overall efficiency of about 64 percent.Honda’s FCX concept vehicle reportedly has 60-percent energy efficiency，which is twice or even three times more efficient than usual cars.But in spite of all the advantages described above，experts say，“We still have technical challenges getting this extremely complex system to work properly，the way customers expect it to work.There are challenges in using new fuels，and providing the new fuel basic facilities.And before fuel cell vehicles hit the road，there will have to be a network of hydrogen stations that will allow drivers to fill up with the flammable gas，under 36hundred pounds of pressure.”【解题导语】本文主要讲的是未来的新能源汽车的一些情况。
2019高考英语阅读理解一轮提升25套含解析
2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（1）AAway with wordsThe telegraph, an online news service, has teamed up with Saga, which provides products and services only for the over 50s, to hold a new competition to find the best travel writer. Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers before travelling the world with Saga on one of three holidays of great comfort and pleasure. To enter, all you need to do is tell us something mysterious and wonderful about the world of travel—a favorite memory, a humorous tale, an unforgettable occasion or a sight worth writing about.What we are looking forYou must be able to read not only those signs that help you find your way around but the ones that tell you how the locals tick. You must, in the word s of Paul Theroux, an American travel writer, “descibe exactly what you see and give it life with your imgaination”.In this competition, you can do that in anything from 150 words to 500, but they should be your words, and fresh ones. We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience. Beyond that, you can make the most of the freedom travel writing gives you.You’ll be editor as well as writer, so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written. We will make allowances for the occasional mistake, such as you have “fell” into a river. But we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines.Terms ＆conditionsCompetitors must be aged 50 years or older.The judging process is divided into two stages: entries will be hosted on the website for one month. The top 20 articles will then be selected by public vote. The top three winners will be chosen by three judges.The closing date for entries is August 15.【】1、What does the prize for winners include?A、a chance to learn from excellent writers.B、the publication of their works.C、three wonderful holidays.D、an opportunity to work in the Telegraph.【】2、Who will select the final winners?A、the public.B、Paul TherouxC、two top Telegraph travel writersD、three chosen judges.【】3、What type of writing is this text ?A、An essayB、A travel guideC、A writing guideD、An announcement【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了旅行作家大赛的参赛标准和奖励。
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2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破(名师精选试题+解析答案，建议下载练习)专题1-主旨大意（一）A(2017年重庆一模)The first potatoes were grown by the Incas of South America, more than 400 years ago.Their descendants (后代) in Ecuador and Chile continue to grow the vegetable as high as 14，000 feet up in the Andes Mountains.(That's higher than any other food will grow.)Early Spanish and English explorers shipped potatoes to Europe, and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s.People eat potatoes in many ways—baked, mashed, and roasted，to name just three.However，in the United States most potatoes are eaten in the form of French fries.One fast-food chain alone sells more than $ 1 billion worth of fries each year.No wonder, then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.Before any fry makes it to the people who eat at these popular restaurants，it must pass many separate tests.Fail any one of these tests and the potato is rejected.To start with, only Russet Burbank potatoes are used.These Idaho potatoes have less water content than other kinds, which can have as much as 80 percent water.Once cut into “shoestrings” shapes，the potatoes are partly fried in a secret blend of oils, sprayed with liquid sugar to brown them, steam dried at high heat, then flash frozen for shipment to individual restaurants.Before shipping，every shoestring is measured.Forty percent of a batch must be between two and three inches long.Another 40 percent has to be over three inches.What about the 20 percent that are left in the batch? Well，a few short fries in a bag are okay，it seems.So, now that you realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop, you can understand why most people agree that this part of the food industry is no “small potatoes”．【语篇解读】本文介绍了土豆被引进美国历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中举足轻重地位。
1．Potatoes in North America came directly from______．A．ChileB．EuropeC．EcuadorD．the Andes MountainsB[考查细节理解。
根据文中第一段最后一句“Early Spanish and English explorers shippedpotatoes to Europe，and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s.”可知，北美最早的土豆来自欧洲。
故选B项。
]2．Why does the company pay special attention to the way the fries are prepared?A．Because selling fries is a big business.B．Because fries are not easy to prepare at all.C．Because Americans are particular about fries.D．Because the government has a strict rule for that.A[考查推理判断。
根据第二段的“One fastfood chain alone sells more than $1 billion worth of fries each year.No wonder，then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.”可知，在美国，炸薯条是个很大的行业，所以会被特殊关注。
故选A项。
]3．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to say________．A．small potatoes cannot be used for friesB．potatoes are really important for AmericansC．eating in America is the very first thingD．fries are really important for food industryD[考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的内容“this part of the food industry is no ‘small potatoes’”可知，在美国，炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”(无足轻重的东西)，由此可推测，炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。
故选D项。
][干扰项分析]本题学生易误选B项，本文首先介绍了土豆被引入美国，且炸薯条带来了强大商业利润，但在最后一段中，根据关键信息“realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop”及“this part of the food industry is no‘small potatoes’．”可知，本段重点强调炸薯条在食品产业中的重要地位，而不是土豆对美国人的重要性，故排除B项。
4．What is the main idea of this passage?A．The average American eats 50 pounds of potatoes a year.B．French fries are made from potatoes.C．Potatoes are a key vegetable in America.D．The various terms for potatoes have a long history.C[考查主旨大意。
根据全文内容可知，在美国，土豆可以有多种吃法，尤其是炸薯条，深受人们的欢迎，也因此带来了强大的商业利润，在食品产业中占有重要地位。
因此，本文的主旨是，在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。
故选C项。
]B(2017年湖南长郡中学模拟)It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams，the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life，but manners on the road are becoming horrible.Everybody knowsthat the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel.It is all right to have a tiger in a cage，but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.Road politeness is not only good manners，but a good sense.It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving.On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way toward reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting.A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough.Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However，misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.An experienced driver，whose manners are faultless，told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.Unfortunately，modern drivers can't even learn to drive，let alone master the roadmanship(公路驾车技能)．Years ago，experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take(互谅互让)from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.【语篇解读】随着车辆的增多，很多司机都有可怕的路怒症，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。