【计算机专业文献翻译】办公自动化系统

The office automationTransact an automation(the Office Automation System, OA) to mean:according to forerunner of the network connects with each other of the distribute type software system, pass the valid resources share and information exchanges and release, attain the exaltation work efficiency, lower the labor strength, reduce the purpose of the repeated labor.It emphasizes interpersonal and each of the ,business enterprise of thesection to be in conjunction with a work, and its carry on valid exchangesmutually,communication.The OA is the reasonable application that the calculator technique is in transact the business.The calculator technique is an OA premise.If escape from the calculator technique but talk OA, just like in the person say dream.Have no calculator technique, the OA becomes a water of has no source and have no the wood of the woodthen.Calculator to information of saving with processing the ability changed people to transact a way biggest, raising a work efficiency.Such as:want to build up the decision support system, then need data warehouse,OLAP etc. technique:want to build up the information management system, then have to have techniques, such as database and the program design language...etc.:want to build up the business/business processing system, then can not get away from a database and design the good man-machine interface and work to flow a control,OLTP etc.The OA is the exchanges that makes use of the correspondence technique to carry out person and the machine,machine and machine and person and persons, the correspondence technique is an OA foundation.The modern office isn't the soldier any more to fight courageously, but a team is in conjunction with a work, the coordination of the member's in the team,cooperate to can not get away from a correspondence technique;Modern office also no longer is build a cart behind closed door, the business enterprise demand and the external world extensive information exchanges, this cans not get away from a correspondence technique more.Have no technical support of correspondence, the OA became mirage then.The OA is the thing that the management thought of science is under the forerunner's technique means to turn.The management thought of science is the core that carries out OA.The calculator technique and the correspondence technique only is in order to carry out OA to beat to descend foundation, provide a possibility.Want to be real to carry out OA, also needs the contents that the thing turns science management in mankind's thinking.From here but know, OA is calculator technique,correspond by letter technique and science of management thought perfect kind of state and ideal for combine.We always at in order to carry out the OA but effort, but our result only is in the some links,some squareses but,the partly carried out OA of function, has a margin with real OA still, the margin basically lies in applied system to the management thought of carry out aspectTransact the development of the automationTransact the automation(the OA-Office Automation) is to transact modernization to put together with the calculator network function knot of a kind of transacts a way newly, is a very active in the current new technique revolution with have very strong vitality of technique applied realm is the outcome of the information-based society.Pass a network, organize the organization insider member can cross over time,space to be in conjunction with a work.Passes the commutation type network application that the OA system carry out, make the information deliver more fast with convenience, expanded to transact means thus and biggest, carry out to transact of high-efficiency.Now say of transact automation, should take network as to rely on, carry on unimpeded information exchanges in the business enterprise inner part.Under this kind of mode, the business enterprise becomes a big office, it the finance,personnel,administration,business belong to etc. the sections all become the business enterprise information to flow in of a link, but Be not the information isolated island of the single any more.Depend on this kind of mode, the organization structure of the business enterprise can get a simplification, each section shares in the information of the foundation go forward to go cooperation, easy to definitely each section even the responsibility of each employee, but make policy a layer and can synthesize to come from each square quickly but of information, and this strategic decision that is the basis to draw up a business enterprise.No one doubts the emergence of the calculator brings employee in office of convenience, but to the transact of modern automation but speech, its purpose has already not limitted at workload of ease the employee, but wants to work employee to medium liberation to come out from the tedious business, paying attention to the most important affair with more energies, raising the efficiency of the business enterprise thus, strengthenning a business enterprise of comprehensive competition ability.Speaks from this meaning, tend to turn white-hot in the market competition of now greatly, transact the automation is no longer a kind of means,a kind of tool, but becomes deciding the life vein that the business enterprise exists a development.The our country starts develop to transact automation from the 80's end and at the beginning of 90's, having already had more than ten histories of years to now.In early days, mostly from the calculator personnel of the business enterprise,the unit inner part or the fancier usage FoxBase, the Foxpro write of, these software well not we now point of transact the automation software, but their most that aims at to transact a medium certain and particular need to develop is the single machine operation mode, falling through the information commutation and sharing, the contents do usually just inputs a some and particular contents, print according to the certain format these contentses again, so these softwares say on the real meaning and can't say is transact automation software.After entering in mid 90's, along with network technique(such as:the 100 M ether net),the groupware system(the special Microsoft Exchange Server and LoutsNotes,the database technique(the mature relation database management system) and various but have toward the object development soil(such as:the Microsoft VisualStudio etc. technique and product is gradually mature but is applied extensively, developping gradual vehemence of cause the market competition soon because of the fly of the domestic economy in the meantime, and government to the extension that the business enterprise macro view adjusts to control with excellent turn, the all these causes the need of the business enterprise to transact to automate a product increase quickly.Transact automation to start turning into a fast development stage at this time.Expand gradually along with the software market, the domestic is engaged in the company of the software development to also grow up gradually exclusively, and specialized is the government and business enterprise to"tailor" to transact an automation, develop according to the concrete need of the customer because of these systems of, so its function is more perfect, and can the effective demand of the better contented customer, but it exists some fatal weakness:Develop period longThe investment is bigSoftware the development needs a continuous maintenance after the completion The reason that causes to appear these weaknesses contain a lot of kinds, if the development troops set of the software development company brigade mode is small reasonable,lack a development to transact experience of automate the product:the customer lack to the understanding etc. that transacts to automate a product.But real important reason usually is because at develop process in or the development completion after the need occurrence variety of the customer but cause, usually will appear during the period of develop to cause the software modify to lengthen by going to the whole development period continuously with the development expenses overspend because the need of the customer changes continuously.After coming out the software development through all sorts of hardship, again because the customer need variety wants to carry on a continuous modification maintenance to the software.Till the last, the whole software as if a piece thousand sew 100 repair of clothes, the function,applicability and function all will lower consumedly.A lot of software development companies think the emergence of[with] these problems lies in customer of demanding of change continuously, in fact this kind of viewpoint combine inaccuracy, because the development of the society and the reform of the national organization will cause by all means the national organization and the management style variety of the business enterprise, but the variety of this kind of management style will cause the need variety of the customer to transact to automate software."Change"ing since is ineluctable, we will can let the software adapt this kind of variety.Constuct along with each national organization and business enterprise calculator network the end of 90's of gradual perfect, and Internet/Intranet at local of universality, the whole social middleman and the person's exchanges and the contact method took place hypostatic variety, the electronical information exchanges method became main current gradually.Develop in early days at this time of some transact the automation software and expose a some irregularities, transacted the automationsoftware to take area net environment in bureau as foundation but design mostly in early days of, because of chose the terrace of the type at that time isn't united, result in Be carrying out several bureau area nets to carry on the data commutation(such as with top and bottom the data of the class or even class unit exchange) to meet tremendous resistance, appear a kind of"the information 鸿ditch".The information of area net in bureau delivers the text that can depend on originality usually originally the way deliver, becoming an again thus new each from independent information isolated island.This kind of circumstance obstructed an our country to transact the development of the automation biggest.From the mid 90's in 20 centuries up to now. Derivation Intranet, Extranet. The Internet Internet technique is quick to develop and make widely available in the our country. The government get to the Internet engineering .The business enterprise get to the Internet engineering. Electronics government Electronic commerce The electronics manage Government internal net Business enterprise net The numerical nervous system and numeral turn to transact etc. a series of new concept. But to these new concept, lifting again OA will let the many people feel captivation perhaps.Seem this concept of OA is unwell already should the demand of the information-based development.We temporary think this stage is the new stage of the OA development here. The main marking of this stage should be with each other connect net technical widespread usage.The content and outside that transact automation postponeAt the new period, according to transact the automation construction experience for many years and connect a technical development of net with each other, the understanding that transacts automation for us is also more and more clear, seeing from the property of the network, transact the automation should is position in an internal net(Intranet), from transacted a property to see, transact the automation should is position in numeral to turn to transact, transacting the foundation that the automation should be an information-based construction in the eyes of the information-based construction.Transact automation the essence of the construction with the exaltation makes policy effect for purpose of.Transact automation through a realization, or say the realization numeral turns to transact, can be excellent to turn the existing management organization structure, adjusting the consistency of the plan, the purpose of the end realization exaltation decision effect.The foundation that transacts automation is to manage of comprehension and to backlog of information.The technique just transacts the means of the automation.Ground only managed business to have deep comprehension towards manage and, woulded make to transact automation to use violence, only will transact the born information in the process to carry on a preface to turn a backlog, precipitate, transacting automation then can produce result.The soul that transacts automation is a software, the hardware just carries out an environment guarantee of transact the automation.The numeral turns to transact oftwo obvious characteristics is authorizations with open, pass authorization to insure the safety and layering usage of[with] information, make the numeral turn to transact the system contain the premise that can be in use, passing to open, making the information share become reality.Along with the Internet technical universality and application, the important application that transacts automation as Intranet has to be can connect with each other with Internet, including an E-mail,Web to release an etc., this not only communicates an outside information inside the business enterprise and publicizee outward, but also can also provide the network service further, carrying out electronic commerce with participate the electronics community.Set out from the customer usage angle in fact, the concept of"the data save to visit center" can raise the amity of the applied system with maximum limit with use sex easily.Also be say, the customer the demand visit a system, can visit to all informations that he need, include to transact an information,business data,Internet data.We think transacting an automation should become such"save to visit center", also only transacting an automation can undertake such role.Doubtless, the development that transacts an automation certainly is since from the function gradually perfect and strong, and from use the top of sex easily also more and more friendly with convenience.In order to carry out the function request that the business enterprise transacts automation, the information technique has to be provided the solid foundation and full technique means, so we should also see current development level.That system is total of to say that develop under the WEB environment, the techniques need all have something to do with network, because of develop time etc. condition restriction, function request analysis in of parts of function short dates carry out impossibly and completely, such as the electronics mailbox etc. function.So it is impossible for system to accomplish in one move, the function need small break an enlargement,modification and get stripe in the movement.Transact the development direction of the automationThe development direction that transacts automation should be a numeral to turn to transact.The so-called numeral turns to transact to transact business almost and allly namely all a realization under the network environment.See from the technique development angle, connect a technical development of net especially and with each other, the development of safe technical development and the software theories, carry out numeral to turn to transact is possible.From the management system and work habitual angle to see, the overall numeral turns to transact to still have a distance, numerical turn to transact first inevitable pound at an existing management system, make the existing management system occurrence change, but manage the change of the system to mean the right and benefits reallocate:another work habit with original manager,the work way and the law system is very strong inertial, in a short time the change needs date still.For all that, whole but carry out numeral to turn to transact is transact automation to develop of inevitable.办公自动化系统办公自动化系统(Office Automation System, OA)是指:基于先进的网络互连的分布式软件系统，通过有效的资源共享和信息交流、发布，达到提高工作效率，降低劳动强度，减少重复劳动的目的。