英语语法大攻克--完成时考查点

现在完成时

现在完成时

一、结构：

have / has +动词过去分词

haven’t / hasn’t + done

Have / Has + 主语+ done

二.用法：表示到说话时刻为止已经做或尚未做过的动作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等词语作状语。

注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(离开)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时的since和for 短语连用，因为点时间动词不能延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看作是一种可延续的状态。

Mike has come for a year.( 〤)

Mike has been here for a year( √)

Mike hasn’t come for a year.（√）

过去完成时

表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前（过去的过去）已经做或尚未做的动作。

B y (=up to )last weekend we hadn’t got any information.

When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes.

现在完成时考点

考点一：考查基本概念

例Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

考点二：考查时间状语

例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study

Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别

例1. —These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really ? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go

Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法

例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

例2.—Do you know him well ?

—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

例3.—How long have you ____ here ?

—About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began

例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）

His uncle has _______ _______ for two years

例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下：close—→be closed, put on→wear , open—→be open

get up—→be up, finish/end—→be over , lose—→be lost ,

marry—→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) ,

get to know—→know come/arrive—→be here/in ,

come/get back—→be back , go/leave-be away , become —→be ,

borrow —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be on ,

die—→be dead , join—→be in/be a ember of．．．,

catch a cold—→have a cold等，

考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别

例1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been