英语语法现在完成时的基本例句精修订

英语语法现在完成时的基本例句精修订
英语语法现在完成时的基本例句精修订

英语语法现在完成时的

基本例句

SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

现在完成时的基本例句:

1.I have worked here since 1970.

自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。

2.He has been to the Great Wall twice.

他已经去过两次长城了。

3.Mike has just finished his homework.

迈克刚做完他的作业。

现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态(例2,

例3),或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况(例1),换言之,现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示,有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。

继续 I have studied English for three years.

我已经学习英语三年了。

She has been sick since last month.

她从上个月就生病了。

经验 I have visited Beijing many times.

我访问过北京好多次了。

Have you ever been to Hawaii

你曾经去夏威夷吗

完成 I have just finished my homework.

我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。

Has he finished his work yet

他作好工作了吗

结果 My brother has become a teacher.

我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。

I have lost my watch.

我手表弄丢了。(我现在仍旧没有表)

1 表示继续的现在完成时

[肯定句] Those foreigners have lived in China for about ten years.

那些外国人住在中国将近十年了。

[否定句] We haven’t seen each other all this month.

我们这个月一直没有见面。

[疑问句] How long has he known that man

他认识那个多久(多长时间)了

He has known that man since he came here six years ago.

自从他六年前来到这儿就认识那个人了。

1.用法

表示继续意义的现在完成时说明过去的动作一直延续到现在。也就

是说从过去某时开始的动作、状态,一直持续到现在。往往用联系现在的表示一段时间的时间状语。说明如下:

①I began to live here ten year ago.

我十年前就开始在这里居住了。

②I still live here now.

我现在仍然住在这里。

③I have lived here since ten years ago.

自从十年前我就住在这里了。

“live(住)”这个动作从过去某时──十年前就开始了。一直持

续到现在(一直住到现在)。所以③这一句现在完成时的句子可以分解为①,②两个句子(一句是过去时,表示过去时开始的动作;一句是现在时,表示现在仍在继续)。如下表示

注意

现在完成时这一时态就是动作在过去发生,但一定要和现在有关系,

否则就用过去时。如左述①只表示十年前我在这儿住过,与现在没关系。而用了现在完成时,即使不用时间状语,也表示与现在有关系,即现在仍住在这儿。

过去某时现在完成时(have +过去分词)现在

必背!

表继续的动词

在英语中能用现在完成时表示延续到现在动作的动词比较少,常用

的有:

have known have studied have worked

已经认识了已经学习了已经工作了

have been in have used have taught

已经已经使用了已经教了

have stayed have wanted to have lived

已经停留了已经想要已经住了

2.常用的时间状语

表示继续的现在完成时,常和下列时间状语连用:for+时间;since

+过去某时;how long; today ;this week(month, year);these days(months, years ) ; lately;recently;so far;up to now;till(until) now;in thepast(last) year(days);during the past (last) days (years);always;all day;all this week;often a.for +时间

for 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字,也可以是泛指的时间如a long time(一段长时间),several days(几天),some time(一些时间)。

I have known him for a long time.

我认识他已经有很长时间了。

She has been busy for five days.

她这五天来一直很忙。

“for + 时间”并不只是在完成时连用,别的时态也用,但意思不一样。

注意

“for+时间”可以和各种时态连用。千万不要产生误解,认为“for

+时间”只用于完成时,不过它与完成时连用是非常常见的。

He worked in Shanghai for two months in 1965.

1965 年时他在上海工作过两个月。

(该句是过去时,与现在无关,只是在过去的1965 年发生的事)

He often stays in Shanghai for two months every year.

每年他常常在上海呆两个月。

(这句用的是一般现在时,因为它指的是一个客观情况,而且时间

状语every year 限定这句的时态为现在时。)

b.since +表示过去的时间单词或句子

“since + 表示过去时间的词”,表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态

一直继续到现在,此时since 是介词。常见的时间状语如下:

sine three days ago.

自从三天前以来

(如果只是three days ago,就只表示过去的时间,即三天前和现

在没关系)

since then 从那时以来

since 1990 从1990 年以来到现在

有时只用since 而省了后面的时间而表示从过去某时以来一直到现在。

Lili has been sick since yesterday (last night.)

莉莉从昨天(昨夜)以来就病了。

“since + 句子(过去时)”,此过去时的句子相当于since+表示过去的时间,只不过用过去时的动词表示过去的动作或状态。此时since 是连词。

注意

通常since 引导的从句的动词是用过去时,而主句原则上是用现在

完成时,但用“It is +时间”开始的句子例外。

It is ten years since we left school.

自从我们离开学校已经有十年了。

We have known each other since we were children.

自从我们是孩子时(我们童年时)就彼此认识了。

My father has taught English here since he moved here in 1980.

自从我父亲1980 年搬到这儿来后(直到现在)他一直在教英语。

c.how long表示多长时间,多久

回答How long + have (has)+主语+过去分词这样的现在完成时

的问句时,常用for和since 的句子。但和for +时间一样,how long

也不仅仅用于完成时,它可以用于其它时态。

How long have you studied Chinese

你学汉语多长时间了

I’ve studied it for 3 years.

我学习汉语三年了。

I’ve studied it since I came to China.

自从我来到中国,我就开始学汉语了。

How long did you study Chinese last year

去年你学了多长时间的汉语

注意

“When”疑问句不可以用现在完成时,因为“When”疑问

名是用来询问时间的,而现在完成式则不谈动作的时间。

When have you visited Beijing(×)

When did you visit Beijing(○)

你是什么时候拜访过北京的

说明

总之,凡表示一段时间的副词,而且这一段时间到现在还没有终止

者,皆可以和现在完成时连用。

d.all +时间

all day(一整天),all this morning(今天一整个早上),all week

(一整个星期)等时间状语除了和完成时连用外,亦可和其它时态连用。

My sister has had a toothache all day.

我妹妹的牙疼了一整天。

Before liberation the farmers worked all day, but they got

little.

解放前,农民们整日干活,可是几乎得不到什么。

e .其它:always, often, these days (months), recently

(lately), so far, up to now, till (until) now, in the last few years always(总是),often(常常),these days (months)(这几

天;这几个月)可以和完成时连用,也可以和别的时态连用。

recently, lately(最近,近来)表示包括现在在内的时间,所以

常常和现在完成时连用。

so far = up to now (到目前为止),till (until) now(到现在)

两者皆和现在密切关联,所以往往用现在完成时。

in the last (past) few years(在过去的几年中)这样的时间状

语,一般用于现在完成时(也可用于过去时,但中学阶段可不掌握)We’ve always (often) seen him walk after supper.

我们经常看到他晚饭后散步。

He hasn’t received letters recently (lately).

他最近(近来)没收到信。

Three students have been killed so far.

截至到目前,已有三个学生死亡。

We have learned about 2,000 words in the past few years.

在过去的几年中我们已掌握了大约2,000 个单词。

(在这里“在过去的几年中”的实际意思是从过去几年到现在为止,

包含现在,所以要用现在完成时。)

2 表示经验的现在完成时

[肯定句] He has read the novel three times.

这本小说他已经读了(看了)三遍了。

[否定句] I’ve never been there.

我从来没去过那儿。

[疑问句] Have you ever been to .

你去过英国吗

1.用法

表示经验意义的现在完成时,说明从过去起到现在的经验,即从过

去到现在之间曾经经历过或做过的事情。说明如下:

①过去时:I saw the film three years ago and I saw the film again and again.

(可能是三年前或者别的时间,总之是过去的某一时间,我曾经看

过这部电影,后来又看了几遍。)

②现在时:Now I know the film (or Now I remember the film).

(这部电影我现在还有印象,还记得。)

③现在完成时:I have seen the film three times.

(这部电影我看过三次。)

注意

用了现在完成时,它就表示动作是过去做的,但此事(此物)我现

在还有印象,还记得住。所以表示经验的现在完成时时,有时还可以不

用时间状语。

Oh, you are talking about that film. It’s wonderful. I ’ve seen it.

哦!你们在谈论那部电影。它太精彩了,我看过。

表示过去经历过的事情、做过的事情。过去看过三次这部电影,这

三次动作都是过去做过的事情,但用现在完成时,表示和现在有关系,

暗指:现在我还记得它,或者这部电影对我印象很深,所以③这个

句子包含①、②二句的意思。

如果只用过去时①,那么就表示和现在没关系,只表示“过去看过

这部电影”这个客观事实。

2.常用于表示经验的时间状语

表示经验的现在完成时,常和下列时间状语连用:often; ever(迄

今,到此为止);never(一次也没有,从未);before(以前);once (一次),twice(二次),~ times(次),many times(许多次)a.置于句中的时间状语(副词):often, ever, never

ever 用于疑问句中,never 用于否定句中。

这些在句中的副词的位置是固定的,要放在助动词have(has) 的后

面,过去分词的前面,如下:

主语+ have (has) +副词+过去分词~.

We have often heard about that country.

我们常常听到有关那个国家的消息。

Have you ever seen a UFO

你迄今(到目前为止)见到过飞碟吗

答句中如果表示从没见过,口气坚决,还可用never 回答。

No, I never have.

No, I’ve never seen one.

两句都可以,注意never 的位置。

No, I haven’t. 不,没有。

Yes, I have. 是的,见过。

The boy has never finished reading the whole book since I taught him.

自从我教这个小男孩以来,他从来没读完过一本书。

(never 用于否定句中语气强烈。)

b.放在句末的时间状语:表频率的副词,before,yet

必背!

表频率的副词

一次 once

两次 twice

三次 three times

四次 four times

数次 several times

许多次 many times

She has read the poem once.

她曾经朗诵过一遍这首诗。

I remember I have seen you somewhere before.

我记得我以前曾经在什么地方见过你。

c.How often; How many times

How often (How many times)+ have(has)+主语+过去分词

用于询问频率、次数的场合。

How often have you seen the old man

你见过几次那位老人

Only once(twice).

只见过一次(两次)。

How many times have you been to the province

那个省,你去过几次(多少次)

Many times.

许多次。

3.have(has) been

由have(has)与be 动词的过去分词组成的“have(has) been”表

达的意思比较复杂,要注意上下文及句子情景,正确使用它。其用法以表说明如下:

__

a.have been to

have (has) been to 用于“经验”,表“曾去过”时,常和often, once, twice 等频率副词连用。

I have often been to Japan.

我常去日本。

I have been to Japan twice.(经验)

我曾去过两次日本。

I have been to the airport to see my father off .(完成)

我到机场去送我父亲了。

b.have been in

Have you ever been in America(经验)

你在曾在美国住过吗

No, I have not been there yet.

没有,我还没在那儿住过呢。

We have been in the museum for the whole morning.(继续)

我们一上午一直在博物馆。

注意

在have(has) been in (to) 的句子中in(to) 后面跟的是名词,

如果是副词here,there 则不用to,in。

We have been there for the whole morning. Have you been there 我们一上午一直在那里。你在那儿吗

be 动词的过去分词

be 动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数,都用been 表示。

We have been happy these days.

这些日子我们很高兴。

注意以下三个句子的区别:

①I am busy. 我很忙。一般现在时

②I was busy. 我过去很忙。一般过去时

③I have been busy. 我一直很忙。现在完成时

3 表示完成、结果的现在完成时

He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。

I have closed the door. 我把门关上了。

Mr. Li has gone to Australia. 李先生去澳大利亚了。

表示完成、结果意义的现在完成时是表示过去发生并结束的动作对

现在产生的结果和影响。这种情况可分为下面两种情况:

1.表示“完成”的用法

“完成”的意思为“刚做完”或“做完了”。表示过去开

始的动作,现在刚刚结束,即说话之前刚刚结束。

I’ve just stopped reading.

比较

I stopped reading yesterday.

昨天我没读书。

(只是指昨天,和现在无关,现在也许又在读书。)

我刚刚停止读书。

(读书这个动作已经停止,现在我没在读书。)

They have gone go Guilin.

他们去了桂林。

(表示“去”这个动作已经完成,所以现在他们不在本地。至于他

们到没到桂林,此句不表示,他们也许已经到了桂林,也许还在去桂林的路上,不过总之,现在不在此地。)

2.表示“结果”的用法

“结果”的意思为“做了(现在是其结果)”。表示过去动作

的结果对现在仍有影响。所以表示结果的现在完成时包含了两个意思,以图表说明如下:

比较

I opened the window.

那只是说明以前(某时)我打开过窗户,也许是很早以前(几年前)发生的事,与现在无关,现在这窗户也许是关着的,也许是开着的。

①I opened the window. ②The window is open now.

[过去的动作] [过去的动作对现在的影响还存在]

我打开了窗户。现在窗户是开着的。

↓①+②=③

③I have opened the window.

我已经打开了窗户。

①Mr. Wang bought a new bike. ②Now he has a new

[过去某时买的] bike.

王先生买了一辆新自行车。现在他拥有一辆新自行车。

↓①+②=③

③Mr. Wang has bought a new bike.

王先生买了一辆新自行车。

表示结果的现在完成时,往往不必用时间状语。中国学生在掌握这

点时常出错,要特别注意,一定要注意现在完成时和现在有关,所以上述两个例句中的②即对现在的影响很重要。

英语语法大攻克--现在完成时的讲解

现在完成时的讲解 基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) (1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注(超重要):瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead ……………… 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army

英语语法-现在完成时用法及习题

目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)

现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情,而是既涉及过去,又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句: 例:1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。(我在北京住过。) 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式,表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过,至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时,表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京,现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have (has)+过去分词”,表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have(has)的后面加上not,疑问句是将have(has)置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型:

We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法(过去分词的构成详见第六章):1.构成现在(过去)完成时 have(has)+过去分词~ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态:参见第十三章 be + 过去分词~ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型:主语+have(has)+not +过去分词~. I have not seen the movie yet.

(完整版)(英语语法)四种完成时态

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