英语语法大攻克--现在完成时的讲解
英语现在完成时语法讲解
英语现在完成时语法讲解英语现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是用来表达过去发生的动作或状态与现在的关系的一种时态。
它由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。
现在完成时常用于以下几种情况：1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：I have lost my key.（我把钥匙弄丢了。
）这里的“have lost”表示过去发生的动作，但是现在没有钥匙导致现在的结果是找不到钥匙。
2. 表示过去发生的动作在现在仍然持续或重复。
例如：He has lived in London for five years.（他在伦敦住了五年了。
）这里的“has lived”表示过去开始的动作，但是他至今仍然住在伦敦。
3. 表示过去发生的动作在现在刚刚完成。
例如：She has just finished her homework.（她刚刚完成了她的作业。
）这里的“has just finished”表示刚刚完成的动作。
4. 表示过去发生的动作在现在的时间段内发生多次。
例如：I have visited Paris many times.（我去过巴黎很多次。
）这里的“have visited”表示过去的多次动作在现在的时间段内持续进行。
需要注意的是，现在完成时与具体的过去时间点无关，而与现在的状态或结果相关。
此外，现在完成时也可以与一些时间状语连用，如just（刚刚）、already（已经）、yet（还）等，以更准确地表示动作发生的时间。
下面是一些现在完成时的例句：- I have finished my work.（我完成了我的工作。
）- Have you ever been to China?（你去过中国吗？）- She has already eaten dinner.（她已经吃过晚饭了。
）- We haven"t seen each other for a long time.（我们很久没有见面了。
2024年中考英语语法复习+—现在完成时课件
Have you seen the doctor？ 你看过医生了吗？
在现在完成时中，当主语是I/you/we/they时，助动词用 have；当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词用has。
三、现在完成时的使用
1.表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在所产生的影响
He has left the city. 他已离开了这个城市。（结果：他不在这个城市。）
一、基本构成：have/has+done
I have finished my homework. 我已完成了作业。 （这里的finished就是动词finish的 过去分词。）
二、现在完成时不同人称的用法 I have washed my car.我洗过车子了。
We have done the whole work.我们干完了所有活儿。
A．practised
B．were practising C．have been practising
C
3 . —Where is mother?
—She is in the kitchen. She ________ the
housework all morning.
A．is doing
B．was doing
B．was studying
C．studied
D．have been studying
D
15 . “I _____ as everyone expects ”, Yao Ming
said .
A．haven’t played
B．haven’t been playing
C．didn’t play
D．am not playing
现在完成时的用法归纳讲解
现在完成时的用法归纳讲解现在完成时是英语中一个非常常用的时态，它用来描述已经发生或已经完成的动作或状态，并且与当前时间有关。
在本文中，我们将归纳总结现在完成时的基本用法和相关规则，帮助读者更好地理解和运用这个时态。
一、什么是现在完成时？现在完成时是由“have/has + 过去分词”构成的，用于表示过去某个时间开始发生并持续到现在的动作或状态。
它强调过去动作对当前产生的影响或结果。
具体地说，它可以用于以下几种情况：1. 表示过去某个时间发生过的动作对现在产生的影响：例如，“I have studied English for five years.”（我学习英语已经五年了。
）这句话强调了过去五年学习英语对目前的影响，即我的英语水平应该相对较高。
2. 表示曾经做过但不确定具体时间的动作：例如，“She has visited London.”（她曾经去过伦敦。
）这句话说明她之前曾经去过伦敦，但具体时间不确定。
3. 表示刚刚发生完的事情：例如，“I have just finished my homework.”（我刚刚完成了作业。
）这句话说明我刚刚完成了作业，动作与现在时间紧密相关。
二、现在完成时的构成规则现在完成时的构成方式相对简单，只需要根据主语的人称和数量选择适当的助动词“have”或“has”并加上过去分词形式即可。
具体规则如下：1. 对于第一人称单数（I），第二人称（you），以及所有人称复数（we/they）的主语，都用“have + 过去分词”的形式。
例如，“I have seen that movie.”（我看过那部电影。
）2. 对于第三人称单数（he/she/it）的主语，要用“has + 过去分词”。
例如，“She has finished her work.”（她已经完成了工作。
）尽管构成规则很简单，但是熟练掌握和正确使用现在完成时仍然需要一定实践和理解。
三、现在完成时常见用法现在完成时有多种常见用法，在以下几个方面进行具体介绍和解释，帮助读者更好地理解其应用场景。
英语语法大攻克--现在完成时考点
现在完成时考点表示到说话时刻为止已经做或尚未做过的动作。
常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等词语作状语。
注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(离开)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时的since和for 短语连用，因为点时间动词不能延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看作是一种可延续的状态。
Mike has come for a year.( 〤)Mike has been here for a year( √)Mike hasn’t come for a year.（√）过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前（过去的过去）已经做或尚未做的动作。
B y (=up to )last weekend we hadn’t got any information.When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes.现在完成时考点考点一：考查基本概念例Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know考点二：考查时间状语例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written例4.—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别例1. —These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone例2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in例2.—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made例3.—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）His uncle has _______ _______ for two years例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。
[精]初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解
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初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解1.现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式（1）现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式：助动词have/has+过去分词。
has用于主语为第三人称单数的句子中国，其他各人称用have。
如：I have lived Wuhan for years.She has finished her homework already.（2）现在完成时一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句结构及一般疑问句的答语：*一般疑问句为：将have/has在句子开头，且首字母要大写，句末用问号。
*肯定回答为：Yes，+主语的相应代词+have或has；*否定回答为：No，+主语的相应代词+haven't或hasn’t；*否定句为：在have，has后加not+过去分词。
Have和has可以和not缩写为haven't，hasn't。
*特殊疑问句为：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+......？如：—Have you read the article in today's newspaper?（一般疑问句）—Yes，I have./No，I haven’t.（肯定、否定回答）—Have your mother finish cooking ?（一般疑问句）—Yes，she has./No，she hasn’t.（肯定、否定回答）They haven’t written to their parents.（否定句）Where have you been all this afternoon?（特殊疑问句）2.现在完成时的用法（1）现在完成时表示目前为止已经完成的动作，常与just，already，yet，ever，never，recently，before，twice，three times等时间状语连用。
这种用法的特点在于动作发生在过去，而强调的是目前的结果或状态。
如：I have seen the film already.Have you seen my bag?He has bought a new car recently?I haven’t heard from Jane lately.。
英语语法大攻克--现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解1构成方式构成：主语（第一、二人称单复数）＋have主语（第三人称复数）＋have主语（第三人称单数）＋has ＋过去分词2基本用法1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常同already, just, yet等状语连用例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。
（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。
（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）The rain has stopped now.雨已经停了。
（结果是我们可以出门了）I have already read the book.我已读过这本书了。
（结果是已知道这本书的内容）She has had a good education.她受到过良好的教育。
（影响是她文化水平高，有修养）2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far等；也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用例：We have had much snow this winter. 今年冬天多雪。
She has taught in the school for ten years.她在这所学校教书已经10年了。
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
We have been busy this morning.今天上午我们一直很忙。
I have known her since we were children.我从小就认识她。
I haven't seen John today.我今天没有见到约翰。
英语语法-现在完成时讲解
第六讲现在完成时1. 概念：1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词.eg: We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. （说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ）She has worked in Nanning for five years.She has been ill for a week.2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. （过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到）I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了.--- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗?--- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. （说明现在饱了）2. 结构：主语+ have / has + done + …3. 句型：⑴ 肯定句：① 主语+ have / has + done +…eg：She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海.I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了.⑵否定句：①主语+ have / has + not +done + …eg：I haven ' t seen this film我没有看过这部电影.eg: She hasn ' t finished doing his homework她还没有完成她的作业.⑶一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语+ done + …eg：Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I haven 't . 你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.eg：Has she finished doing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasn 't. 她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.⑷特殊疑问句：①特殊疑问词+ have / has + 主语+ done + …eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影?eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业?4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有：for 、since、already 、yet、ever、never、recently、just、before、so far、by now、等连用. 注意:for+ 一段时间since+过去的某一个时间点I have lived in Nanning for ten years.I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago/ 2002.I haven ' t eaten anything for ten hours.I ha haven ' t eaten anything since 6am.already : 用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末I have already finished my homework.yet: 用在疑问句中意为”已经” ,用在否定句中表示”还” ,常放在句末.Have you finished your homework yet?I haven ' t finished my homework yet.ever: 曾经用于疑问句中：Have you ever been to Beijing?Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗? never: 未曾从未I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过recently:最近用于肯定否定疑问句中I have been busy recently.We have not seen Tom recently.Have they been here recently.eg: I have just seen Tom.I haven ' t heard of it befo哦以前从来没有听说过这件事They have planted 2000 trees so far.The child has learned 100 English words by now.5. 当与一段时间连用时, 经常用for 加一段时间, 这时候谓语动词一定要用延续性的非延续性动词延续性动词改错：They have got married for ten years. I have borrowed this book for a week.get married--- be married borrow --- keepcome --- be here go --- be away / off buy --- havestart / begin --- be on leave --- be away die --- be deadarrive---be in/at join---be in /be a member of stop---be overreturn -- be back open/close---be closed/openeg: He came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这. （一般过去时）He has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了.（现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词. ）He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大连. （一般过去时）He has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了. （现在完成时）I bought the book last month. 我去年买的这本书. （一般过去时）I have had the book for a month. 我保管这本书有一周了. （现在完成时）The football match started an hour ago.The football match has been on for an hour.6. 词义辨析have been to 曾经去过某地，说话时已经从某地回来或者已从该地去了其他的地方。
英语现在完成时讲解
英语现在完成时讲解英语中的现在完成时（present perfect tense）是用来描述过去发生的动作或情况与现在的关系的一种时态。
它通常用来强调过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。
在本文中，我们将详细讨论现在完成时的使用情况及其构成方式。
一、现在完成时的构成方式现在完成时的构成方式是由“助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词形式”组成。
具体使用有以下几种情况：1. 肯定句主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他部分例如：- I have studied English for five years.（我已经学习英语五年了。
）- She has travelled to many countries.（她已经去过很多国家了。
）2. 否定句主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他部分例如：- He hasn't finished his work yet.（他还没有完成工作。
）- We haven't seen each other for a long time.（我们已经很久没有见面了。
）3. 疑问句Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他部分?例如：- Have you ever visited Paris?（你曾经去过巴黎吗？）- Has she seen the latest movie?（她看过最新的电影吗？）二、现在完成时的使用情况现在完成时通常用于以下几种情况：1. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续至今或刚刚结束的情况。
例如：- I have lived in this city for ten years.（我在这个城市已经住了十年了。
）- They have worked on this project since last month.（他们从上个月开始就一直在做这个项目。
）2. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
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现在完成时的讲解基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词 come-bego out-be outfinish-be overopen-be opendie-be dead………………1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. havemarried → have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced inthe past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。
)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
8.一段时间+has passed+since从句9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。