初中英语语法专题二代词

初中英语语法专题之--专题二代词

What: 什么是代词？

简单来说代词是用来代替名词的词。

Give a girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world.（玛丽莲·梦露）

Why: 为什么有代词的存在？

Maria loves Saturday. It is the day she gets her pocket money

如果没有代词：Maria loves Saturday. Saturday is the day Maria gets Maria’s pocket money →为了使句子简洁，避免重复使用名词。

How : 有哪些代词？都如何应用？

考点一人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

一、人称代词

数

人

称格单数复数

一二三一二三

2.人称代词的用法

(1)人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。如:

She is a good student.

(2)人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或充当表语。如:

I don't know her.(作宾语)

His mother is waiting for him outside.(作宾语)

-Who is there?

-it's me!(作表语)

3.人称代词的顺序

几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:

单数形式(二、三、一)you,he/she and I

例句：

复数形式(一、二、三)we, you and they

例句：

二、物主代词

1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，列表如下：

His parents are both office workers.

My name is Jack.

3.名词性物主代词后面不需要加名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如: My idea is quite different from hers.

These are my books, not yours.

4.名词性物主代词可与of连用,表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。如:

He is a friend of mine.(我的一个朋友)

三、反身代词

1.反身代词的单复数形式，表格如下：

2. 反身代词的用法

反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语)

The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语)

3. 反身代词的常用词组

teach oneself 自学

learn by oneself 自学

enjoy oneself 过得愉快;玩得高兴

help oneself to 随便吃/用

come to oneself 苏醒

hurt oneself 受伤

by oneself 独自

考点二 不定代词、指示代词、和it 的用法

一

、不定代词

1. 普通不定代词

(1)some 与any

some 和any 均表示“一些”,既可指代或修饰可数名词,也可指代或修饰不可数名词;some 一般用于肯定句中,any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some 。如:

There aren't any students in the classroom.

Look! Some boys are playing football.

-Would you like some coffee?

-Yes, please.

写作应用：外出野餐

1. 有的人在看书，有的人在听歌，有的人在聊天。

2. 我发现我的钱包里没有一分钱。

(2)many 与much

many 修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词so,too,how 连用。much 修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so,too,how 连用。如:

-how many/how much -想知道数量的时候

How many bottles of water do you need?

How many books did you buy?

How many people are invited?

How much money did you spend?

How much sugar would you like?

How much Time do you have?

※思考：什么时候how much 可跟单数可数名词或复数可数名词？写在下面吧！

▲在说话双方都明确知道表达的内容是什么的时候，名词可以省略

A: I need some coins. - B: How many do you need?

A: I need some sugar. - B: How much do you need?

-too many/too much-

﹖思考too在这里表达的深层含义是什么？

There is too much food on my plate.

Jack always gives too much bad advice, you shouldn't trust him!

Tokyo is very crowded, there’s just too many people!

-so many/ so much/

I have never seen so much wealth in my life.

She had so many problems that she didn’t know what to do.

You have eaten so much meat.

I have had so many visitors in the last few days.

练手：用much或many填空

We saw _____ animals at the zoo.

How _____ oranges did you put in the box?

There isn’t _____ sugar in my coffee.

I don’t have ______ friends.

The old man hasn’t got _____ hair on his head.

I’ve packed _____ bottles of water.

I didn’t get _____ sleep last night.

How _____ fruit do you eat in an average day?

(3)either与neither

发音：

Either

/ˈaɪðər/–British English

/ˈiːðər/–American English

Neither：