专有名词词典
考研英语161个专有名词总结
考研英语161个专有名词总结一、引言随着我国教育事业的发展，越来越多的大学生选择考研作为进一步提升自己的途径。
考研英语作为研究生入学考试中的一门重要科目，其地位和重要性不言而喻。
在这门科目中，专有名词的掌握程度直接影响到考生的成绩。
因此，系统地学习和掌握这些专有名词成为了每位考研学子的必备技能。
二、考研英语161个专有名词分类为了帮助考生更好地应对考研英语，我们将这些专有名词按照领域进行了分类，包括政治、经济、文化、科技、历史和自然等。
下面我们来简要了解一下这些领域的专有名词。
1.政治类：例如，Democracy（民主）、Dictatorship（独裁）、Socialism （社会主义）等。
2.经济类：例如，GDP（国内生产总值）、Inflation（通货膨胀）、Unemployment（失业）等。
3.文化类：例如，Cultural diversity（文化多样性）、Cultural exchange （文化交流）、Pop culture（流行文化）等。
4.科技类：例如，Artificial intelligence（人工智能）、Robotics（机器人技术）、Biotechnology（生物技术）等。
5.历史类：例如，World War II（第二次世界大战）、Renaissance（文艺复兴）、Industrial Revolution（工业革命）等。
6.自然类：例如，Geography（地理）、Climate change（气候变化）、Ecology（生态学）等。
三、学习策略与方法面对如此庞大的专有名词体系，考生该如何学习呢？以下是一些建议：1.词汇记忆技巧：a.联想记忆：将专有名词与生活中的实际事物、人物等进行联想，从而加深记忆。
b.词根词缀记忆：了解词根词缀的含义和规律，有助于更好地理解和记忆专有名词。
c.语境记忆：在学习和运用专有名词时，尽量阅读相关文章和句子，将词汇置于实际语境中记忆。
专有名词汉译英
专有名词英文翻译保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展。
专有名词翻译方法
专有名词和事物名词的常用翻译方法我们在英译汉时，常常会碰到一些专有名词和事物名词。
对于这些词，有时我们可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相对应的译词，有时则需要译者自己灵活掌握。
我们在翻译这些专有名词和事物名词时，经常采用表意法、谐音法、表形法、谐音加表意法、部分谐音部分表意法等五种方法，其中表意法和谐音法用得最为广泛。
一、表意法( semantic translation ) 这是最常用的一种译法，即在汉语中找出同原词含义相同的词。
在大多数情况下，我们是可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相应的译词的。
如：computer：计算机magnifier:放大镜perambulator：童车transformer：变压器有时我们可以用表意法将英语中两个或两个以上的名词仅从字面上翻译成汉语中的一个词或名词性词组。
一般情况下，译文和原文的含义是相符的。
如：down coat;羽绒服moon cake 月饼table cloth :桌布head worker:脑力劳动者应当注意，这种情况下的表意法不是绝对靠得住的。
因为有时当英语中两个或两个以上名词固定搭配在一起时，他们表示的可能是与字面意思完全不同的另外一个意思。
此时我们就不能仅从字面上去表意，而应深入一步从含义和惯用法上去表意。
如：honey cooler不能译为甜冷饮”而应译为讨好女人的男子”night cart 不能译为“夜车”，而应译为“粪车”；hand money不能译为手中之财”而应译为定金、保证金” fish story 不能译为“钓鱼故事”，而应译为“牛皮、大话”；dog days不能译为狗的日子”而应译为三伏天” cat suit不能译为猫服”而应译为喇叭裤” pig head不能译为猪头”而应译为顽固分子” pig tail 不能译为“猪尾巴”，而应译为“辫子”：don key' breakfast不能译为驴子的早餐”而应译为草垫” 二、谐音法( transliteration )谐音法就是用汉语中同原词发音相近的字来翻译原词。
名词---专有名词讲解
名词---专有名词讲解名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns）.专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。
常见的专有名词有：国家名称——China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France…；语言——Chinese, Japanese, English, French…；人名/地名—— Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai…由普通名词构成的专有名词——the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the People’s Hospital……。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：（1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book, bike。
（2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, people, school。
（3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water, paper。
（4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
英语专有名词翻译
全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress (NPC)主席团 Presidium常务委员会 Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution2、中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China3、中央军事委员会 Central Military Commission4、最高人民法院 Supreme People's Court5、最高人民检察院 Supreme People's Procuratorate6、国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People's Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾事物办公室Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office10、新闻出版 News media总编辑 Editor-in-chief高级编辑 Full Senior Editor主任编辑 Associate Senior Editor编辑 Editor助理编辑 Assistant Editor高级记者 Full Senior Reporter主任记者 Associate Senior Reporter记者 Reporter助理记者 Assistant Reporter编审 Professor of Editorship编辑 Editor助理编辑 Assistant Editor技术编辑 Technical Editor技术设计员 Technical Designer校对 Proofreader11、翻译 Translation译审 Professor of Translation翻译 Translator/Interpreter助理翻译 Assistant Translator/Interpreter 电台/电视台台长 Radio/TV Station Controller 播音指导 Director of Announcing主任播音员 Chief Announcer播音员 Announcer电视主持人 TV Presenter电台节目主持人 Disk Jockey12、工艺、美术、电影 Arts,crafts and movies导演 Director演员 Actor画师 Painter指挥 Conductor编导 Scenarist录音师 Sound Engineer舞蹈编剧 Choreographer美术师 Artist制片人 Producer剪辑导演 Montage Director配音演员 Dabber摄影师 Cameraman化装师 Make-up Artist出品：Presented by联合出品：Co-presented联合摄制：Co-produced出品人：Executive Producers总策划：Planning Directors总监制：Production Supervisors行政监制：Administrative Supervisor 制片人：Producers执行制片人：Associate Producer艺术总监：Art Supervisor领衔主演：Starring特别出演：Special Starring编剧：Screenwriter导演：Director最佳男/女配角：best supporting actor/actress最佳创作短片：best short film最佳美术设计：best art direction最佳剪辑：best film editing最佳音效：best sound effects最佳纪录片：best documentary最佳视觉效果：best visual effects最佳摄影：best cinematography最佳新演员：best new performer最佳改编剧本：best adapted screenplay最佳原著剧本：best original screenplay最佳原创电影音乐：best original film score最佳原创电影歌曲：best original film song最佳导演：best director最佳男主角：best leading actor最佳女主角：best leading actress最佳剧情片：best feature film。
中国专有名词的英语翻译
1. 素质教育：Quality Education2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient3. 保险业：the insurance industry4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas9. 城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban wor kers11. 出口信贷：export credit12. 贷款质量：loan quality13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy26. 基本生活费：basic allowance27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision29. 经济安全：economic security30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth33. 粮食仓库：grain depot34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款：arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇：obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage40. 融资渠道：financing channels41. 商业信贷原则：the principles for commercial credit42. 社会保险机构：social security institution43. 失业保险金：unemployment insurance benefits44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税：tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes45. 外汇收支：foreign exchange revenue and spending46. 安居工程：housing project for low-income urban residents47. 信息化：information-based; informationization48. 智力密集型：concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive49. 外资企业：overseas-funded enterprises50. 下岗职工：laid-off workers51. 分流：reposition of redundant personnel52. 素质教育：education for all-round development53. 豆腐渣工程：jerry-built projects54. 社会治安情况：law-and-order situation55. 民族国家：nation state56. “台独”："independence of Taiwan"57. 台湾当局：Taiwan authorities58. 台湾同胞：Taiwan compatriots59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chine se territory.60. 西部大开发：Development of the W est Regions61. 可持续性发展：sustainable development62. 风险投资：risk investment63. 通货紧缩：deflation64. 扩大内需：to expand domestic demand65. 计算机辅助教学：computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )66. 网络空间：cyberspace67. 虚拟现实：virtual reality68. 网民：netizen ( net citizen )69. 电脑犯罪：computer crime70. 电子商务：the e-business71. 网上购物：shopping online72. 应试教育：exam-oriented education73. 学生减负：to reduce study load74. “厄尔尼诺”：（EL Nino）75. “拉尼娜”：（La Nina）76. “智商”：（IQ）77. “情商”：（EQ）78. “第三产业”：（third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises）79．“第四产业”：（quaternary/inFORMation industry）79. “军嫂”：（military spouse）80. “峰会”（香港译“极峰会议”）”：summit(conference)81. “克隆”：clone82. “冰毒”：ice83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach84. “传销”：multi level marketing85. “（计算机）2000年问题”：Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)86. “白皮书”：white paper(不是white cover book)87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic(商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)；88. “白条”：IOU note（IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来）89. “巡回招聘”：milk round（一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈）。
Proper nouns(专有名词)
Proper names(专有名词)
Name 指称意义 语用意义 1． 汉语拼音 钱钟书 Qian Zhongshu 陈立 Chen Li 欧阳修 Ouyang Xiu
2. 威妥玛-贾尔斯系统（the Wade-Giles System） 海外译者 3． 方言的影响 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen 宋庆龄 Soong Ching Ling
Some of the people who do the routine complain they are less paid. If such a person is given by chance a job of the second category he will come to realize that to solve a problem demands much more ability than he possesses.
走了一段路之后，主人看到驴支持不住了， 就把它身上的货物移一部分到骡背上。再 走了一段路以后，驴更没精神了。主人又 把货物移过去一部分。 最后驴身上空无 一物。 这是骡瞪着驴说：“你现在还认 为我不该多吃一倍食物吗？”
They walked some distance and the donkey began to show fatigue. The master shifted some of his loads to the mule. After another leg of the journey the donkey became listless, the master again lightened his burden. Finally the donkey found himself entirely free of loads. Then the mule said to him glaringly:” Will you complain now about my feed doub斗目标 China’s Two Objectives Objectives一定得经过奋斗才能实现。 孔庙 孔府 孔林 全译文：The Temples of Confucius, The Confucius Family Mansion, The Confucius Woods The Confucius Family Mansion, Temple and woods
英语词典的分类
英语词典的分类：英语词典可以分为普通词典和专门词典两大类。
普通词典是每一个英语学习者必备的。
按照其词语解释的方式可分为英汉词典、英汉双解词典、英英词典和汉英词典四类。
（1）英汉词典方面，在开始阶段备有一本质量可靠的简明英汉词典或学生英汉词典就可以了。
中型的英汉词典可选用上海译文出版社的《新英汉词典》或商务印书馆的《最新高级英汉词典》。
《新英汉词典》基本上可以满足英语学习者和使用者的一般需要；《最新高级英汉词典》的规模比前者小一些，但对常用的、搭配能力强的动词和介词叙述较详，举出的动词短语和惯用语的例子较多，部分词条内设有辨异栏，对其用法给出具体指导，这些都十分适合英语学习者的需要。
大型的英汉词典可考虑陆谷孙主编，上海译文出版社出版的《英汉大词典》。
该词典收入大量百科词条，专有名词的收录也十分丰富，如Tanaka是“田中”，Hashimoto是“桥本”，这些日语姓名在一般的英语词典中是查不到的；此外，梁实秋主编，台北远东图书公司出版的《远东英汉大词典》也是一本久负盛名的大型英汉词典。
但一般来说，大型英汉词典并不是和英语初学者的需要。
（2）英汉双解词典可以作为英语学习者从使用英汉词典到使用英英词典的过渡。
牛津大学版的《现代高级英汉双解词典》编得很有特色，词典后面附有地名和人名的汉译。
（3）英英词典适合有一定基础的英语学习者使用。
这方面，《朗文当代英语词典》（Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English）以其释义通俗易懂而十分适合学习者的需要。
这本词典不但例句丰富，而且注重用法和单词辨异。
《钱伯斯学生英语词典》（Chambers English Students’ Dictionary）是一本十分适合初学者使用的小型英英词典。
此外，也可选用《钱伯斯基础英语词典》（Chambers Essential English Dictionary）和《柯林斯最新英语词典》（Collins New English Dictionary）等。
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汉英口译分类词汇（06）--机关机构词汇一、部属机构属译名（以化学工业为例）化学工业部Ministry of Chemical Industry办公厅General Office计划司Planning Department外事司Foreign Affairs Department人事司Personnel Department化工新材料局New Chemical Material Department化工司Chemical Department橡胶司Rubber Department炼化司Department of Refining and Chemicals矿山司Chemical Mines Bureau化工规划院Chemical Planning Institute设备总公司Equipment General Corporation基建局Capital Construction Department教育司Education Department化肥司Chemical Fertilizer Department供销局Department of Supply and Sales二、市属机械译名（以北京市为例）北京市人大常委会Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC中国人民政治协商会议北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC北京市人民政府Beijing Municipal People's Government 高级人民法院High People's Court人民检察院People's Procuratorate外事办公室Foreign Affairs Office侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs Office财贸办公室Office of Finance and Trade文教办公室Office of Culture and Education计划委员会Planning Committee经济委员会Economic Committee城乡建设委员会Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction科学技术委员会Committee of Science and Technology城市规划委员会Committee of Municipal Design对外经贸委员会Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries市政管理委员会Municipal Administration Committee民族委员会Nationalities Committee 体育委员会Physical Culture and Sports Committee计划生育委员会Family Planning Committee人事局Personnel Bureau科技干部管理局Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel老干部局Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres统计局Statistical Bureau物价局Bureau of Commodity Price工商行政管理局Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce商品检验局Bureau for Inspection of Commodities审计局Auditing Bureau财政局Finance Bureau税务局Tax Bureau劳动局Labor Bureau档案局Archives Bureau物资管理局Bureau of Materials标准计量局Bureau of Standard Measurement公用局Bureau if Public Utilities广播电视局Bureau of Radio and Television教育委员会Education Committee文化局Bureau of Culture文物事业管理局Bureau of Cultural Relics卫生局Health Bureau乡镇企业管理局Bureau if Township Enterprise Management地质矿产局Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources农业局Agricultural Bureau林业局Forestry Bureau水产局Bureau of Aquatic Products气象局Meteorological Bureau水资源管理局Control Bureau of Water Resources园林局Bureau of Parks and Woods环境保护局Bureau for Environmental Protection环境卫生管理局Bureau for Environmental Health商业委员会Commerce Committee粮食局Food Bureau房地产管理局Real Estate Bureau城市规划管理局Bureau for Municipal Design机械设备成套局Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment公安局Public Security Bureau安全局Security Bureau司法局Justice Bureau民政局Bureau of Civil Affairs劳改工作管理局Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration铁路局Railways Bureau邮政局Post Bureau电信局Telecommunications Bureau北京民航管理局Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation北京海关Beijing Customs外交人员服务局Service Bureau for Foreign Officials首都钢铁公司Capital Iron and Steel Company燕山石化总公司Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation三、企业半导体器械厂Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant包装材料厂Packaging Materials Plant保温瓶厂Thermos Flask Factory炼钢厂Steel Works被单厂Bed sheet Factory变压器厂Transformer factory玻璃制品厂Glassware Factory茶厂Tea Processing Factory柴油机厂Diesel Engine Plant车辆制造厂Railway Car Plant船舶修造厂Ship Repair Yard灯具厂Lighting Equipment Factory低压开关厂Low-Voltage Switch Factory汽车制造厂Automobile Works发电厂Power Plant电动工具厂Electric Tool Works电机厂Electrical Machinery Plant电讯器材厂Telecommunication Apparatus Factory电子管厂Electronic Tube Factory电子设备厂Electronic Equipment Factory铸造厂Foundry Works纺织机械厂Textile Machinery Plant服装厂Garment Factory皮革制品厂Leather Goods Factory罐头食品厂Canned Food Plant光学仪器厂Optical Instrument Factory广播器材厂Broadcasting Equipment Factory锅炉厂Boiler Factory化肥厂Chemical Fertilizer Plant 化工厂Chemical Works化学纤维厂Chemical Fiber Plant化妆品厂Cosmetics Plant机床厂Machine Tools Plant机械修理厂Machine Repair Plant建筑机械厂Construction Machinery Plant金属工艺制品厂Metal Handicraft Plant晶体管厂Transistor Factory绝缘材料厂Insulating Materials Plant民族乐器厂Folk Music Instrument Factory炼油厂Oil Refinery粮油加工厂Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory 毛纺织厂Woolen Mill木材厂Timber Mill家具厂Furniture Factory农药厂Insecticide Factory啤酒厂Beer Brewery汽车修配厂Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant人造纤维厂Artificial Fiber Plant乳品加工厂Milk Processing Plant石油化工机械厂Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant水泥厂Cement Plant塑料厂Plastics Plant搪瓷厂Enamel Plant陶瓷厂Pottery and porcelain Factory通用机械厂General Machinery Plant玩具厂Toy Factory无线电器材厂Radio Appliances Factory五金厂Hardware Factory橡胶厂Rubber Plant制药厂Pharmaceutical Factory羊毛衫厂Woolen Sweater Mill针织厂Knitwear Mill冶炼厂Metallurgical Plant医疗器械厂Medical Apparatus Factory仪表厂Instrument and Meters Factory饮料厂Soft Drinks Plant印染厂Printing and Dyeing Mill油漆厂Paint Factory有机化工厂Organic Chemical Plant造纸机械厂Paper Making Machinery Plant造船厂Shipbuilding Plant自行车厂Bicycle Plant四、公司、企业集团家用电器有限公司Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. 技贸公司Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.钢铁公司Iron and Steel Company保安服务公司Security Service Company针织有限公司Knitting Company Ltd.实业集团公司Industrial Group Corporation国际租赁公司International Leasing Company电子技术开发公司Electronic Technology Development Co.毛纺织有限公司Woolen Textile Co., Ltd.系统工程有限公司System Engineering Corporation计算机集团公司Computer Group Co.时装有限公司Fashion Company Ltd.广告公司Advertising Company科学技术开发公司Science and Technical Development Company水产品有限公司Aquatic Product Company Ltd.旅游公司Travel Corporation服装公司Garment Company Ltd.国际广告展览有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd.电冰箱厂有限公司Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd.电风扇工业公司Electric Fan Industry Company电话技术开发服务公司Telephonic Technology Development Service Co.电力机械制造公司Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company电信发展公司Telecommunications Development Co.电子器材公司Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation建筑工程Construction Project Consulting咨询公司Corporation科学仪器Scientific Instrument Import and进出口公司Export Co.仪器设备公司Instrument and Equipment Company汽车企业集团Automobile Enterprise Group技术开发咨询公司Technical Development and Consultancy Co.对外服务公司Foreign Service Company对外经济发展公司Foreign Economic Development Company纺织企业集团Textile Enterprise Group对外贸易公司Foreign Trade Company贸易有限公司Trading Company Ltd. 国际投资有限公司International Investment Company塑料制品有限公司Plastic Products Co., Ltd.工艺美术品公司Arts and Crafts Corporation国际经济技术合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation国际经济开发公司International Economic Development Corporation国际科技咨询公司International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation国际贸易展览公司International Trade Exhibition Company 国际商业服务公司International Commercial Service Company国际信息处理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd.国际经济合作公司International Economic Cooperation Corporation国际工程集团International Engineering Group Corporation制衣实业公司Garments Industrial Company化工工程咨询公司Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation计算机技术Computer Technology Service服务公司Corporation工程承包有限公司Project Contracting Co., Ltd.建筑设计合资公司Building Design Joint Venture Corporation交通进出口Communications Import & Export服务公司Service Company饭店集团服务公司Hotel Group, Ltd.饮料有限公司Beverage Company Limited建筑工程公司Construction Engineering Co.陶瓷企业集团Porcelain Industry Complex饲料技术开发集团Feed Technological Development Group能源开发公司Energy Development Corporation民办交通信息中心Non-Governmental Transport Information Center国货有限公司China Products Company Ltd.气象服务公司Meteorological Service Company农资公司Agricultural Materials Company化纤工业集团公司Chemical Fiber Industry Group房产投资有限公司Realty & Investment Company房地产开发公司Real Estate Development Company国际集装箱有限公司International Container Co., Ltd.证券公司Securities Company塑料皮革工业公司Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 讨债公司Debt Collecting Company新型建筑材料供应公司New Building Materials Supply Company五、金融、保险机构中国人民银行People's Bank of China中国人民建设银行People's Construction Bank of China中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 中国农业银行Agricultural Bank of China中国银行Bank of China交通银行Bank of Communications中国投资银行China Investment Bank中信实业银行CITIC Industrial Bank中国光大银行Everbright Bank of China厦门国际银行Xiamen International Bank广东发展银行Guangdong Development Bank浦东发展银行Pudong Development Bank中国国际信托投资公司China International Trust ＆Investment Corporation中国人民保险公司People's Insurance Company of China 平安保险公司Ping An Insurance Company中国人寿保险公司China Life Insurance Company Ltd. 六、商店书店books store粮店grain store食品点food store煤店coal store食品杂货（副食品）店grocery酱园sauce and pickles shop肉店meat (butcher's) shop酒店wine shop水产店aquatic products shop家禽店fowl shop豆腐店bean curd shop烤肉店roast meat shop卤味店sauced meat shop饮食店food and drink shop小吃店eating house (snack bar)饭店restaurant冷饮店cold drinks shop蔬菜店水果店green grocery (green grocer's)蔬菜店vegetables shop鞋帽店shoes and hats store 百货公司department store百货商场general merchandise market服装店clothing store成衣店ready-made clothes shop呢绒绸布店wool, silk and cotton fabrics store药店（美：杂货店）drug store (pharmacy)儿童用品商店children's goods shop妇女用品商店women's goods shop钟表店watch and clock ship文具店stationer's (stationery shop)日用杂货店daily-use sundry goods shop炊事用具商店cooking utensils shop家用器具商店household utensils shop五金商店metal products shop家具店furniture shop眼镜店eyeglasses store玻璃礼品店glass gifts store爆竹鞭炮店fireworks shop电器商店electrical appliance shop油漆店paint shop化工油漆染料店chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop地产建材商店native building materials store照相馆（摄影室）photographic studio (photographer's) 旧货店second-hand goods store (used goods store)寄卖商店commission shop综合修理店general repair shop (service)工艺美术服务社arts and crafts shop花店flower shop古玩珠宝店antiques and jewelry shop香烟店（摊）cigarette shop (stall)售报亭newspaper and magazine stand茶馆tea house理发店barber's shop (hairdresser's)洗澡堂bath house旅店/旅馆inn/ hotel邮局post office七、中国人民团体People’s Organizations of Chin a测绘学会Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography地震学会Seismological Society国际金融学会International Finance Society国际战略问题学会Institute for International Strategic Studies海洋学会Society of Oceanography科普学会Popular Science Society全国少年儿童文化艺术委员会National Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children全国少年儿童工作协调委员会National Children’s Work Coordination Committee全国史学会China Society of History宋庆龄基金会（上海）Song Ching Ling Foundation (Shanghai)中国奥林匹克委员会Chinese Olympic Committee中国笔会中心Chinese Pen Center中国标准化协会China Association for Standardization中国残疾人福利基金会China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped中国出版协会Chinese Publishers Association中国道教协会Chinese Taoist Association中国电视艺术家协会Chinese Television Artists Association 中国电影家协会China Film Association中国法律质询中心Chinese Legal Consultancy Center中国法律会China Law Society中国翻译工作者协会Translators Association of China中国佛教协会Chinese Buddhists Association中国福利会China Welfare Institute中国歌剧研究会Chinese Opera Research Institute中国共产主义青年团Communist Youth League of China中国国际法学会Chinese Society of International Law中国国际交流协会Association for International Understanding of China中国红十字会总会Red Cross Society of China中国会计学会China Accounting Society中国基督教“三自”爱国运动委员会Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China中国基督教协会China Christian Council中国计量测试学会Chinese Society for Measurement中国金融学会Chinese Monetary Society中国考古协会Archaeological Society of China中国科学技术史学会Chinese Society of Science and Technology History中国科学技术协会China Society and Technology Association中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO中国联合国协会United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中国美术家协会Chinese Artists Association中国民间文艺家协会China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art中国企业管理协会China Enterprise Management Association中国曲艺家协会Chinese Ballad Singers Association中国人民保卫儿童基金会Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Children中国人民对外友好协会Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries中国少年儿童基金会Children’s Foundation of China中国少年先锋队China Young Pioneers中国摄影家协会Chinese Photographers Society中国书法家协会Chinese Calligraphers Association中国天主教爱国会Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 中国天主教教务委员会National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church中国天主教主教团Chinese Catholic Bishops College中国文学艺术界联合会China Federation of Literary and Art Circles中国舞蹈家协会Chinese Dancers Association中国戏剧家协会Chinese Dramatists Association中国伊斯兰教协会Chinese Islamic Association中国音乐家协会Chinese Musicians Association中国杂技艺术家协会Chinese Acrobats Association中国政法学会China Society of Political Science and Law 中国作家协会Chinese Writers Association中化全国妇女联合会All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商联合会All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中华全国归国华侨联合会All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese中华全国青年联合会All-China Youth Federation中华全国世界语联合会All-China Esperanto League中华全国台湾同胞联谊会All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots中华全国体育总会All-China Sports Federation中华全国新闻工作者协会All-China Journalists’ Association中华全国总工会All-China Federation of Trade Unions中华医学会Chinese Medical Association八、国家机关China's State Organs1. 全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC) 主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution2.中华人民共和国主席[President of the People's Republic of China]3. 中央军事委员会[Central Military Commission]4. 最高人民法院[Supreme People's Court]5. 最高人民检察院[Supreme People's Procuratorate]6. 国务院[State Council](1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission 中国人民银行People's Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring 国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office公司部门的英文标识名称总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department人力资源部Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department (R&D) 秘书室Secretarial Pool。