高分子合成化学英文课件

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课件1-Polymeric高分子聚合物

Overview

Six-part course divided by material types First lecture by RHL Lectures 2-6 by RHL Lectures 7-8 by RHL Lectures 9-10 by XYX Lectures 11-12 by XYX Lectures 13-14 by XYX Lectures 15-16 by XYX Lecture 17 oral presentation for students

Original meaning of polymer refers to molecules with identical empirical formulae but very different chemical and physical properties, e.g. benzene and acetylene, styrene and metastyrene
1.2 The history of polymers
Motivations

Why should we study polymers?

Versatile and inexpensive materials for manufacturing Increasing demand for „designer materials‟ Biopolymers (biomaterials) the future of Materials Science
1.2 Base of the Course

Technique

Polymer structure and properties Chemical structure Mophology Phase structure Configuration

高分子材料专业英语最终稿 ppt课件

The table was turned upside down（桌子被翻了个） .
书Th面e b科uf技fe英r l语iq常ui这d w样as写u：sed up（缓冲液用完了）. The flask is then removed. The table was inverted[in'və:tid] . The buffer liquid was consumed.
20Biblioteka ondensorrotary evaporator Desiccator
Soxhlet extractor
21
funnel
dropping funnel
Buchner funnel separating funnel
22
respirator
mask
23
burette
Pipettes
The experimenter sucked up 20cc of acid into a pipette
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本科生教学目的
掌握基本的专业英语词汇；能阅读和翻译一般的专业英语文献；较为正确地撰写论文摘要；
经12
1.Purify the material by distillation and/or recrystallisation . Record the M.p. or, if liquid, the B.p. and the refractive index
Bi Bismuth
VIA
O Oxygen S Sulfur Se Selenium Te Tellurium Po Polonium
VIIA Halogen h0 ælədʒən
He Helium
F Fluorine Ne Neon

高分子的结构合成和化学反应PPT课件

冷却：变硬并保持赋予的形状；不能溶解、熔融；
重复加工；
不能反复加工；
聚乙烯、聚丙烯等；
酚醛树脂等；
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纤维
一定强度的线状或丝状高分子材料总称
❖直径仅为长度的千分之一或更低 ❖受力产生的形变小 ❖机械强度在较宽的温度范围内保持不变
天然纤维：棉、麻、丝等
水解、取代或酯化 *药用纤维素衍生物：MC,EC
分子量 104~106 原ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ数 103~105
H2C CH
~ CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 ~
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大分子量长链结构
独特的物理-力学性能
高分子？
低分子？
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物理-力学性能
➢ 以粘稠的液态或固体存在,不能汽化； ➢ 表现溶胀特性，在溶剂中形成介于固态和液态的中间体，如,凝胶； ➢ 溶液具有很高的粘度。
学活性；
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✓ 旋光异构体具有很多相同的物理性质，如沸点、熔点、溶解度、比重、折光率等；但具有不同的药理活性，有活性作用的分子常常是左旋，如左旋糖苷；
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•几何异构 ——顺式 (Z) 和反式 (E)异构 ✓产生的必要条件： C=C两端每个 C原子上必须连结两个不同的原子或基团。 ✓由于双键不能内旋转而引起的异构现象；
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三、高分子的分类 1 习惯分类法 2 按高分子主链结构分类法
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分类依据聚合物来源

高分子化学Polymer Chemistry绪论PPT课件

连锁聚合反应实例：
1. 聚乙烯的合成
n CH2 CH2
2. 聚氯乙烯的合成
n CH2 CH Cl
[ CH2 CH2 ]n
[ CH2 CH ]n Cl
3. 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的合成
n CH2
CH3 C COOCH3
[ CH2
CH3 C ]n COOCH3
逐步聚合（Step Polymerization）
单体通常是含有官能团的化合物。
分子量随时间逐步增大，单体转化率在开始时即可很高。转化率很高时，分子量才达到较高数值。
H H O H O C C OH + HO C H H H H O H O C C O C H H
H H H O C C O H H O C
O C OH
逐步聚合实例
O C OH n
o
o
加聚物分子量是单体分子量的整数倍。
无副产物
缩聚反应（Condensation Polymerization）
是缩合反应多次重复结果形成聚合物的过程；兼有缩合出低分子和聚合成高分子的双重含义；反应产物称为缩聚物。其特征是：
o o o
缩聚反应通常是官能团间的聚合反应；
反应中有低分子副产物产生，如水、醇、胺等；缩聚物中往往留有官能团的结构特征,如 -OCO- -NHCO，故大部分缩聚物都是杂链聚合物；缩聚物的结构单元比其单体少若干原子，故分子量不再是单体分子量的整数倍。
nNH(CH2)5CO
开环
[NH(CH 2)5CO] n 尼龙-6
己内酰胺
从元素组成变化看，无低分子副产物产生，分子量是其单体的整数倍，应归属于加聚反应；但从产物中官能团结构特征看，类似于缩聚反应。

高分子化学双语课课件 crosslinking

B AB 2 A B B A A B A B B B A B B A A B B A B B B B A B B A B B B
ABf+AB与之相类似，只是在分子结构中插入一些AB单体单元。
当超支化高分子中所有的支化点的功能度相同，且所有支化点间的链段长度相等时，叫树枝型高分子（Dendrimer)
7.8 The Crosslinking Polycondensation
7.8.1 Introduction
Branched Polymer（支化型)
Cross-linked Polymer (交联型)
（1） Branched Polycondensation 当聚合体系的单体组成是AB+Af 或ABf 或ABf +AB （f≥2)时，不管反应程度如何，都只能得到支化高分子，而不会产生交联。
(理论要点：Xn→∞） a. 等基团数平均官能度 (The average functionality)
f
N f N
i
i i
实例
二元体系： 2 mol丙三醇/ 3 mol邻苯二甲酸体系 nOH = 2x3 =6 mol， nCOOH = 3x2 = 6 mol f =∑Ni fi /∑Ni = (2x3 + 3x2) / (2 + 3) = 2.4
1 [r r ( f 2)]
1 2
Example 1
• 2mol glycerol（丙三醇） and 3mol diacid • r = 1, ρ＝ 1
• αC=1/(f-1)＝1/2，the gel point
PC = 1/(1+3-2)1/2 = 0.707
• The systems will show the gelation if the extent of reaction is above 0.707.

高分子化工英语

高分子化工英语Polymer Chemistry and Technology (English)I. IntroductionPolymer chemistry and technology is the study of polymer molecules and the properties that result from their molecular structure. The technology deals with the synthesis, characterization, and application of polymers. It involves the use of knowledge from various disciplines such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering, and material science in order to create materials with desired properties and functions.II. Synthesis of PolymersThe synthesis of polymers is a complex process involving many reactions. In general, the process begins with the selection of desired monomers, which are compounds containing two or more reactive sites. These monomers are then polymerized, or linked together, to form the desired polymer. There are two main methods of polymer synthesis: condensation and addition. In condensation reactions, small molecules are released as by-products. In addition reactions, larger molecules are linked together without releasing any additional molecules. III. Characterization of PolymersOnce the desired polymer has been synthesized, it is important to characterize it in order to determine its physical and chemical properties. Characterization techniques include spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and mechanical testing. Spectroscopic techniques can be used to measure the molecular structure of a polymer, while thermal analysis can be used to determine its thermal properties. Mechanical testing is used to measure the strength and flexibility of the polymer.IV. Applications of PolymersPolymers can be used in a wide variety of applications, including material science, engineering, medicine, and electronics. They are used to make synthetic fabrics, insulation materials, and protective coatings. In material science, polymers are used to make composite materials by combining them with other materials, such as metals or ceramics. In engineering, they are used to produce components for machines and vehicles. In medicine, they are used to make prosthetic components, drug delivery systems, and medical devices. In electronics, they are used as components in printed circuit boards.V. ConclusionPolymer chemistry and technology is a complex and rapidlyevolving field. By combining knowledge from many disciplines, chemists and engineers are able to create materials with desired properties and functions. Through careful characterization and testing, these materials can then be used in a variety of applications, from material science to medicine.。

高分子专业专业英语1ppt课件

What are polymers?
polymer n polymeric adj
polymer chain polymeric carrier polymeric catalyst polymeric surfactant polypolyethytlene polyester
words
words

macromolecule n macromolecular adj macromacroion 高分子离子 macromer 高分子单体 macromonomer macroradical 高分子自由基
words

monomer n monomeric adj monomer concentration monomer reactivity monomer selectivity monomeric unit monomeric reactivity ratio

polymerization n polymerizable adj polymerize v polymerized adj
polymerizable monomer polymerization activity polymerization constant polymerization inhibitor polymerization in situ polymerized oil
Sentences
As an example, a gaseous compound (called butadiene), (with a molecular weight of 54), combines [nearly 4000 times] and gives a polymer (known as polybutadiene (a synthetic rubber) with about 200 000 molecular weight)

高分子材料教学课件PPT

• 氢键是与电负性较强的原子相结合的氢原子(如X—H)同时与另一个电负性较强的原子(如Y)之间的相互作用，即(X—H…Y)．这些电负性铰强的原子一般是氮、氧或卤素原子．一般认为在氢键中，X—H基本上是共价键，而H…Y则是一种强而有方向性的范德华力．这里把氢键归入范德华力是因为氢键本质上是带有部分负电荷的Y与电偶极矩很大的极性键X—H间的静电吸引相互作用.
5
聚合物分子内与分子间相互作用力
• 物质的结构是指物质的组成单元(原于或分子)之间在相互吸引和排斥作用
达到平衡时的空间诽布．因此为了认识高聚物的结构，首先应了解存在于高聚物分子内和分子间的相互作用．
• 化学键
构成分子的原子间的作用力有吸引力和斥力，吸引力是原子形成分于的结合力，叫作主价力，或称键合力．斥力是各原子的电子之间的相互排斥力．当吸引力和斥力达到平衡时，便形成稳定的化学键．
• 金属键是由金属原子的价电子和金属离子晶格之间的相互作用而形成的，无方向性和饱和性，赋予高导电性．在所谓的 “金属螯合高聚”(metallocene po1ymer)中可以说存在金属键．
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• 范德华力
作用能: 2~8kJ/mol
是存在于分子间或分子内非键合原于间的相互作用力．两分子间的范德华力F(r)及相互作用能E(r)是分子之间距离r的函数如图所示.
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重要高分子材料
合成树脂和塑料: 填充增强增韧,降低成本. 教材P332表7.4
➢ 通用塑料: 应用广, 产量大, 价格廉的塑料. 如聚烯烃: PE, PP, PS等; PVC; 酚醛, 环氧, 聚酯, 尿醛等.
➢ 工程塑料: 综合性能好, 可代替金属作工程材料, 制造机器零部件的塑料. 最重要的有:

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Self-Assembly of Block CopolymerPolymer Synthesis
Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 1018–1028.
PB-b-PEO
cryoTEM micrographs
CHEM 421
PS-b-PAA
TEM micrographs
vesicles
Cylindrical micelles
)
(=
)
(=
)
1st Iteration
3st Iteration
4st Iteration
5st Iteration
Synthesis of Asymmetric Star-Branched Polymers by Iterative Methodology
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
C O OCH3
Styrene-MMA Block Copolymers
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
1) Styrene 2) cap w/ 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) 3) MMA @ -78 oC, THF
C
PS
PMMA
PMMA-PS-PMMA
cis 1-4 isomer (natural rubber)
trans 1-4 isomer
1-2 isomer
3-4 isomer cis-1,4 favored in hydrocarbon solvents
Can MMA be polymerized via living process ?
R
pKa = - log Ka
H
Propagating Anions
CH Styrenes, dienes
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
pKa of conjugate acid of prop.chain end
42
CH3 C C O O R CH3 C C N CH3 C C O R
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
Block Copolymer Uses
Thermoplastic Elastomer
SBS (PS-PB-PS)
Physical crosslinking Thermal reversibility
Can process it repeatedly
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
Common Elastomer
Poly(cis-1,4-butadiene)
Sulfur
heating
cooling
Crosslinking
Chemical rosslinking Thermal irreversibility
Can’t process it repeatedly
a = interfacial = the chain
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes by Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421 Block Copolymer
• The study of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) composite materials has been hindered by the poor solubility and processibility of SWNTs. • PS-b-PAA has been used to stabilize SWNT and prevent their aggregation. • The micelle-encapsulated SWNTs are compatible with a wide variety of solvent and polymer matrices, which can be used to produce carbon nanotube materials.
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
pKa 42 25 25 20 16-18
Super glue
Useful Initiator
most nucleophilic Least nucleophilic
RLi, NH2-, Ar RMgX, DPHL RO -, C5H5RO RO HO -, RO H2O, HO -, RO KHCO3, H2O
PMMA PS PMMA
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
2 sec-BuLi 55 oC Li Li
1) DFI to initiate styrene 2) Diphenyl ethylene to initiate MMA segment 3) Add MMA
DPE DFI PMMA PS PS PMMA DPE
A B C
Block copolymers
PDI
Mn PDI PDI
ln[M]0/[M]t
Mn
can be prepared by sequential addition of monomers.
conversion
Time
Living polymerization is a good tool for the preparation of block copolymers.
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
n-BuLi
Bu
CH2 C
Li
1,1-diphenyl hexyl lithium
(DPHL)
• Sterically hindered • resonant stabilization
MMA Bu -78 oC, THF CH2 C CH2
CH3 C C O O CH3 Li
A Brief Review
• What is living polymerization?
• No termination • No chain transfer
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
• What are the major criteria for living polymerization?
Rankings of Anions…
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
How to characterize the reactivity of a propagating anion?
CH H CH
+ H
CH3 C H C OR O
CH3 C C OR O
+
H
R
H
Ka = [H ][R ] [RH]
Synthesis of Regular Star PS by Iterative Methodology Using DPE Functionality
X = 1st Iteration Y
=
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
Br
O
3
3
1
O
3
3
1st Iteration
(=
2st Iteration
O
x
y
H
Styrene-MMA Block Copolymers
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
3) Styrene & MMA
• Styrene • Then MMA, but can’t do sequential addition
will attack C so use 1,1-diphenylethylene sterically hindered, aromatic stablization, won't propagate itself
16-18
Si O Si O O Si
Cyclic siloxanes CH3 Si O CH3
10-12
CN C C O OCH3
Cyano acrylates
11-13
Initiators
Monomer Styrenes.dienes Acrylates Acrylonitriles
Reactivity
Vinyl ketones, Aldehydes Cyclic oxides Siloxanes(-D3) Cyano acrylates Nitroalkenes
10-12 11-13 10
Microstructure of Dienes
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
Four different microstructures in polyisoprene
Br
3
1
Synthesis of Asymmetric Star-Branched Polymers by Iterative Methodology
Polymer Synthesis CHEM 421
Br
3
1
Synthesis of Star-Branched PS with up to 63 Arms by Iterative Methodology
Kang, Y. and Taton, A. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125(19) 5650 – 5651.
Synthesis of Block Copolymers
1) A-B diblock or A-B-A triblock copolymers
same pKa, same reactivity; no problem any order of addition, can cross over back & forth