环境化学英文课件6
CHEMISTRY of the ENVIRONMENT(环境化学课件1)共29页
2. Branch of Environmental Chemistry
Chemistry of the Environment
Analytical chemistry of the environment
Organic analytical chemistry of the environment
2. Haiou Wang, Guihua Wang, Yanjun Zheng, Jiemin Liu, Aijun Gong, Chemistry of the Environment Solutions Manual, University of Science and Technology Beijing Press, 2nd edition, 2019
6. Liu Zhaorong, atal. Introduction to chemistry of the environment, Chemical intrustry press, 2019
7. Wang Xiaorong, Chemistry of the Environment, Nanjing University Press,1993
8. Deng Nansheng, Wu Feng, Introduction of Chemistry of the Environment, Wuhan University Press, 2000
9. Eldon D. Enger, Bradley F. Smith, Environmental Science – A Study of Interrelationships (Seventh Edition), Mc Graw-Hill，Qinghua university press,2000
环境化学课件AboutHaze
Haze is air pollution in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure the clarity of the sky and interacts with the natural environment.This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources. Natural sources can include windblown dust, and soot from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning, and manufacturing operations. The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations. Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution.Since the development of the technology, the society gets modernized, people make use of the high technology to pursue more profit. Though the government has noticed the problem that people do to the environment, they still can’t prevent negative result that the polluted environment brings.Many years ago, the most prominent problem of the polluted environment is that the river and the water were changed their color, some fish even died for the polluted river. Now the situation becomes ever worse, lately, in the big city, like Beijing and Shanghai, people are annoyed by the bad weather. It is not the rainy day, but the haze around the sky, there is no way for people to run away for it. The haze contains toxic elements, people breathe it and hurt their bodies.The haze problem is the result of people’s pursuit for t he profit, what people did to the environment now has been paid back by the environment. Now people have realized the revenge from the nature is so huge, protecting the environment is the main task. No matter how bad the environment is, people still need to do something to fix their mistake.Haze will bring many hazards. The health impact of haze is dependent on one's health status (e.g. whether one has pre-existing chronic heart or lung disease), the PSI (Pollutant Standards Index) level, and the duration and intensity of outdoor activity. Reducing outdoor activities and physical exertion can help limit the ill effects from haze exposure. Persons who are not feeling well, especially the elderly and children, and those with chronic heart or lung conditions, should seek medical attention.As large areas of northern China experienced strong haze in recent days and Beijing issued its first ever red alert for air pollution, it is clear what needs to be done."I think it means that China is in the process of industrialization and urbanization, and we should transform our development patterns and adjust the economic, industrial and energy structures accordingly. There is a synergistic effect between solving the problems of haze and addressing the climate change," Xie Zhenhua said.Xie, who has been China's lead negotiator at the annual UN Climate Conference since 2009, stated that China will address the pollution issue on its own terms as part of the fight to combat climate change. "Therefore, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that coping with the climate change and solving the environmental problems in China is not something that is imposed from outside, it is something that we need to do ourselves. By doing so, we will resolve our own problems and make a contribution to the world in terms of coping with global climate change as well," said Xie.To settle this problem, a series of measures should be taken as follows.First ,government should strengthen air monitor to lower the levels of small particulate pollutants and make some chemistry changes during the manufacturing process to reduce harmful emissions.Second, government should enact more strict laws and regulations and keep perfecting our current law on environmental protection to regulate people 's daily action and the industrial production and punish those factories that ignore the protection and keep emitting dangerous material that cause haze.Third, government should develop green and energy-saving energy to lower the emission of haze and improve air quality. As far as i am concerned ,if we work together to be able to do such measures ,our environment will getting better and better and haze weather will vanish completely.While thinking when is the haze going to leave us alone, let's pay attention to how to prevent it from affecting our health!In the first place, Drink more water and increase the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables. They help the body to flush out toxins absorbed through the skin and lungs, and improve the immune system. Taking moreanti-inflammatory fruits and vegetables also help to reduce inflammation that may be triggered by harmful fine particles in the air.Furthermore, Avoid outdoor activities, especially outdoor sports. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those suffering from chronic illnesses, especially heart and respiratory disease, should remain indoors when haze hits unhealthy levels. Healthy adults should avoid unnecessary outdoor activities. If you must exercise outdoor, avoid exercising in highly congested areas near busy roads and freeways, particularly during rush hours.Last but not least, Limit or avoid smoking indoor and the use of gas stove, wood fireplace, candles, incense and anything that burns and emits smoke. In an enclosed area, smoke, gases and pollutants emitted from burning sources are trapped indoor and can build up to hazardous level if they continue to burn for an extended period of time.。
中国农业大学_807环境化学与环境监测_《环境监测》课件_第六讲
第六讲 大气污染监测/Air monitoring
• 3．按分布范围分类： • /Classification according to distributing scope • 局地（型）性/Local • 区域（型）性/Regional • 全球性/Global
第六讲 大气污染监测/Air monitoring
• 五、污染源分类 • / Classification according to pollution source
第六讲 大气污染监测/Air monitoring
• 3．混合型，来源于煤、石油燃烧、工业 排放。如多诺拉、四日事件。 • /Admixture type, root in the emission of coal, oil burning and industry such as Donora, Yokkaichi incident.
第六讲 大气污染监测/Air monitoring
• 四、污染物种类（p81）/Pollutant species • 1．按形成过程分类：一次、二次污染物 /According to forming course: primary, secondary pollutant • 一次 二次 • SO2 H2S NO NH3 SO3 H2SO4 MSO4 • C1-C5 CO CO2 HF HCl NO2 HNO3 醛 酮等
《环境化学》(第二版)全书教学课件
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环境化学与其他学科关系
01 与化学的关系
环境化学是化学的一个分支，它应用化学的理论 和方法来研究环境问题。
02 与环境科学的关系
环境化学是环境科学的重要组成部分，它为环境 科学提供化学物质在环境中的行为和效应方面的 理论支撑。
03 与其他学科的关系
环境化学还与生态学、毒理学、地理学、气象学
包括混合、扩散、挥发、 吸附等。
化学过程
包括氧化、还原、水解、 络合等。
生物过程
包括生物降解、生物富集 、生物转化等。
污染物迁移途径
包括地表水-地下水交互作 用，水-土界面交互作用， 水-气界面交互作用等。
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04
土壤环境化学
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土壤组成与性质
矿物质
土壤矿物质是土壤的主要组成物质， 构成了土壤的“骨骼”，一般占土壤 固相部分质量的95%～98%。土壤矿
等。
迁移
包括机械迁移、物理-化学迁移和生物迁移。机械迁移是指污染物在土壤中的机械运动 ，如耕作、灌溉等引起的污染物在土壤中的混合和搅动；物理-化学迁移是指污染物在 土壤中的溶解、吸附、解吸、沉淀、气化等过程；生物迁移是指污染物通过生物体的吸
收、代谢、死亡等过程而发生的迁移。
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生物体内污染物质运输与转
环境质量评价标准
包括环境质量标准、污染物排放标准、环境基础 标准等。
3
环境影响评价
预测和评价人类活动对环境的影响，提出相应的 预防和治理措施。
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大气污染治理技术
01
颗粒物治理技术
包括机械除尘、湿式除尘、电除 尘等。
环境化学PPT
报告目录 Contents
PART 1
Pollutants
PART 2
Sources And Sinks
PART 3
Chemical Behaviors
PART 4
Control
ChemilO+O2 ·ClO+O→O2+·Cl O+O3 →2O2
Chemical Behaviors
ClO+ClO+M→(ClO)2+M (ClO)2+hv→Cl+ClO2 ClO2+M→O2+Cl+M 2(Cl+O3) →2(ClO+O2) 2O3+hv→3O2
报告目录 Contents
PART 1
Pollutants
PART 2
Sources And Sinks
PART 3
Chemical Behaviors
用作聚氨醋泡沫塑料的发泡剂， 广泛用于冰箱、冷库、空调及热
泵中
是一种很好的溶剂,用做清洗剂。
Sources Of CFCs
液相法 不同的氯代烃原料在卤化锑催化剂、反应温度 (一般为45～200℃)和压力(最高可达3.5MP） 下可以制得不同的氟化合物
气相法 使用装有氟化铝、氟化铬和氟氧化铬催化剂的 固定床反应器或流化床反应器， 以甲烷、氯气 和氟化氢为原料，在催化剂存在下，一步合成 氟氯甲烷
PART 4
Control
开发代用品
代用品的开发应考虑： 1）具有优异的物化 性能； 2）价格适宜，能被市 场接受； 3）对臭氧破坏潜能低；
减少使用
逐渐减少和终止臭氧耗 竭物质的排放和使用
Control
最新文档-CHEMISTRY of the ENVIRONMENT(环境化学课件1)-PPT精品文档
AIJUN GONG
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BEIJING
References
1. Guihua Wang, Haiou Wang, Yanjun Zheng, Jiemin Liu, Aijun Gong, Chemistry of the Environment, University of Science and Technology Beijing Press, 2nd edition, 2019
(6)Pain disease in Japan 1955 ～ 1972 Many people were sicken and died
(7)Methyl me sicken, 60 died
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
SECTION 1 What is Chemistry of the Environment
1. Definition
Chemistry of the Environment is a kind of science, in which the existence, behavior, effect, and reducible or removable methods of potential harmful chemical materials in environmental media are researched.
(2) To research the chemical principle and method for controlling the pollutant
(3) To find and settle the environmental problem using the chemical theory and method.
环境化学英文课件6
An increase in the number of atmospheric particles would increase the number of cloud condensation nuclei, therefore more cloud cover and higher albedo
combustion and microbial activities. • Seasalt aerosol from seaspray and bubble
bursting • Soot from fuel combustion • Secondary organic aerosol from volatile
Typical Particle Diameters (mm)
Photochemical aerosols 0.01-1
Tobacco smoke
0.25
Coal fly ash
1-50
Flour dust
15-20
Pollens
15-70
Human hair: ~25-100 mm
Example images of atmospheric particles
– O3 (dominant pathway when pH>5) – H2O2 (dominant pathway when pH<5) – organic peroxides – O2 catalyzed by iron and manganese
• The oxidation of SO2(aq) by H2O2 proceeds as follows:
organic compounds
Aerosol Radiative Forcing: direct effect
环境工程专业英语PPT教学课件
❖ Unit 17 Ion Exchange
❖ 离子交换
❖ 沉淀
2020/12/11
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PPT教学课件
谢谢观看
Thank You For Watching
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Part 2 Atmospheric Chemistry and
Air Pollution & Control
❖ 单元8：大气污染物的种类与来源[I] ❖ 大气污染物的种类与来源[II] ❖ 单元9：室内空气质量 ❖ 气体和蒸气控制技术 ❖ 单元10：大气污染控制新技术[I] ❖ 大气污染控制新技术[II] ❖ 单元11：大气污染的影响 ❖ 氧化法控制大气污染
Communities ❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and
Green Science and Technology
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❖ Part 4 Solid Wastes and Disposal ❖ 固体废物与处置
❖ Part 5 Other Pollution and Control Technologies
❖ 其他污染与控制技术
❖ Part 6 Environmental Management ❖ 环境管理
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❖ Part 7 the Bioshpere: Ecosystem and Biological Communities
❖ 生物圈：生态系统和生物群落
❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and Green Science and Technology
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An increase in the number of atmospheric particles would increase the number of cloud condensation nuclei, therefore more cloud cover and higher albedo
Typical Particle Diameters (mm)
Photochemical aerosols 0.01-1
Tobacco smoke
0.25
Coal fly ash
1-50
Flour dust
15-20
Pollens
15-70ຫໍສະໝຸດ Human hair: ~25-100 mm
Example images of atmospheric particles
viruses, bacteria, fungi, spores, and pollens.) • Aerosol sizes are usually measured in the unit of
micrometer (mm)
– 1 mm = 10–6 m – 1 mm = 104 angstrom (Å)
• If the Earth’s atmosphere were totally devoid of particles, clouds could not form.
Aerosol radiative forcing: indirect effect
Ship tracking phenomenon
– Dark particles (soot–containing) tend to absorb light, thus warming Earth’s atmosphere.
– Small particles tend to scatter light, thus increasing the albedo of the atmosphere.
Cloud Greenhouse Forcing: Warming
Longwave radiation
When a cloud absorbs longwave radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the cloud re-emits a portion of the energy to space and a portion back toward the surface. This process is called "cloud greenhouse forcing" and, taken by itself, tends to cause a heating or "positive forcing" of the Earth's climate.
Particles and Clouds
Cloud albedo forcing : Cooling
The shortwave rays from the Sun are scattered in a cloud; many of the rays return to space. The resulting "cloud albedo forcing”, taken by itself, tends to cause a cooling of the Earth.
Aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
• Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) are particles that can become activated to grow to fog or cloud droplets in the presence of a supersaturation of water vapor.
combustion and microbial activities. • Seasalt aerosol from seaspray and bubble
bursting • Soot from fuel combustion • Secondary organic aerosol from volatile
Source: http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~kosmo/
Aerosol sources
Aerosol sources
• Windblown dust from Desert • Sulfate aerosol from volcano eruption, fuel
organic compounds
Aerosol Radiative Forcing: direct effect
• The effect of aerosol on the energy flux of the atmosphere depends on particle size and composition.
Aerosol: Definition
• Aerosol is a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas. • Atmospheric aerosols consist of small particles of liquid
and solid material suspended in the air. • Bioaerosol: An aerosol of biological origin. (Examples:
Overall effect of all clouds
• Cloud albedo forcing cooling • Cloud greenhouse forcing warming • The overall effect of all clouds together is that
the Earth's surface is cooler than it would be if the atmosphere had no clouds • The dominate factor in the global albedo is clouds.