Part II The Anglo-Norman Period
英国文学课件2
• 3. Though the new literature was varied but had little worth or value. • 4. There are many romances about Arthur --- the king of England and chief of Knights of the Round Table in the legend, not a true king. • Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is one among them.
• 2. The Consequence of Norman Conquest: • The Norman Conquest brought England more than a change of rulers.
• 1) Politically, • a feudalist system was established in England.
• b. the elements of suspense and surprise as the story unfolds itself. • c. the psychological analysis of the chief character Sir Gawain as he encounters one strange event after another.
• d. the elaborate descriptions of the seasons as well as the places and the things witnessed by the hero in the course of his adventures • e. the simple, straightforward language employed.
Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (盎格鲁-诺曼时期)讲解学习
Chronicle
《编年史》
(2) from Latin into English
a monument of Old English prose
2). 1013, Danes again, 30 years’ occupation
• Alfred the Great (Old English: Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf advice"; 849 – 26 October 899), was king of the AngloSaxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English king to be given the epithet "the Great".[1] Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons". Details of his life are described in a work by the Welsh scholar and Bishop, Asser. Alfred was a learned man who encouraged education and improved his kingdom's legal system and military structure.
Part II The Anglo-Norman Period
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲Part 1 The Anglo―Saxon Period（449-1066）秧格鲁-撒克逊时期1.H istorical BackgroundCelts 400B.C. Romans 50B.C. Anglo―Saxons 450A.D Norman Invasion 1066A.D. Roman empire从albion撤军，teutonic tribes(包括angles, Saxons,jutes)（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此地2. Literature 1,pagan异教徒文学2 christian基督徒文学alliterative verse头韵诗Epic: Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（the hall heorot 鹿兀grendel:a monster half-human）1) Oral origin, recited in court, handed down in generations until finally it was recorded by certain poet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写2) a mixture of history and legend.，england’s national epic 民国史诗Part II The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)秧格鲁-诺曼时期11.H istorical BackgroundRoman conquest,接着是english conquest，最后是normanconquest。
The Norman Conquest in 1066Duke William of Normandy claimed himself William I, King of England.（the battle of hastings希斯廷战役）Kings―Barons男爵―Knights, a feudal system of hierarchy统治集团was formed2.T he languageUpper classes: French, Latin The mon people: Old EnglishThree languages co-existed in England. French became the official language used by the king and the Norman lords; Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities; and Old English was spoken only by the mon English people.3.The literatureRomance was a type of literature that was very popular2in the Middle Ages. It is about the life and adventures undertaken by a knight.It reflected the spirit of chivalry骑士制度. The content of romance: love, chivalry and religion. It involves fighting, adventures.Subject matter:Geoffrey’s His tory杰弗里《史记》，riming chronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerel verse打油诗体1)t he Matter of France eg. Charlemagne and his peers查理曼大帝和他的骑士2)M atter of Greece and Rome eg Akexabder亚历山大大帝3)M atter of Britain tales having for their heroes Arthurand his knights of the Round Table3.m ain literatureSir Gawain and the green knight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,green knight, morgain the fay-woman3妖精摩根, the green girdle绿腰带）Part III Geoffrey Chaucer (1340―1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1.H istorical BackgroundHe was living at the same time as the writer of Sir Gawain. In 1350 AD, 100 Years' War between England and France.The English won, they controlled large French territory领土. The Henry VI lost it all. He is father of English poetry War of the Roses 1455-1485 AD2.W hat's middle ages like?1). The medieval society: hierarchy 等级制度social system.2). Another important thing in the medieval society is Christianity基督God-centered thinking, mind ideology 思想体系3.L ife and work of ChaucerChaucer lived between (1340-1400). His life is closely41. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry2. Italian 1372-13863.English The Canterbury tales4.The Canterbury talesHe got his stories from various sources, Greek authors, Roman authors, Italian, French, but there is no doubt about Chaucer's originality. He retells the stories in his own way.5The stories are told by a group of people on their way to and back from Canterbury. Pilgrims 朝圣者tell stories to pass the time. The journey is used as a kind of device to unite the various tales Nun修女:Her enthusiasm for grace, trying to e someone that she is not, she cannot possibly be. --Pretentiousness, pretending伪装too much Chaucer has different attitude to different characters第一句：as soon as april pierces to the root, the drought of march, and bathes each bud and shootThe significance of his writing1)it gives a prehensive广泛的picture of Chaucer’s time2)the dramatic structure3)Chaucer’s humor4)Chaucer’s contribution to the English language. Ever since the Norman Conquest the French language was the language at the court and the upper classes, and Latin was the language of the learned and the church. Chaucer6used the native language English and proved that the English language is a beautiful language. He increased the prestige 威信of the English language.5.Popular ballads大众民谣A ballad is a narrative叙述poem that tells a story. It is about particular incidents, usually dramatic. Ballets tell stories-about tragic悲剧的incidents. They are written in a special musical pattern, ballad meter-four meters, couplets（相连并押韵的两行诗）―two line in a unit or quatrain 四行诗__ ababcdcd Characteristics:1)The beginning is often abrupt突然地. No introductionof the characters and the background of the tale2)There are strong dramatic elements. A ballad deals witha single episode插曲3)the story is often told through dialogue and action4)the theme is often tragic悲剧的5)The ballad meter is used. It contains four-line stanza7节，段在英国把民谣当文学形式研究的第一人是托马斯.帕西主教Bishop Thomas Percy,他将民谣收录到《英诗辑古》Reliques of Ancient English Poetry中。
英国文学盎格鲁诺曼时期课件The Anglo-Norman Period
Arthurian romances/legends《亚瑟王传奇》 亚瑟是否为一历史人物仍无法确定。传说中亚瑟王 原为威尔士国王之子，年轻时以力拔千钧之势将 插入巨石的一柄大剑拔了出来，令许多武士望尘 莫及。他用这柄宝剑征服了苏格兰和爱尔兰，娶 了美貌的桂内薇尔为妻。 《亚瑟王传奇》...以传说中的英王亚瑟为中心的故 事体和中世纪的传奇故事。这些故事记述了亚瑟 王的一生、他的骑士们的奇遇，以及他的骑士朗 斯洛(Lancelot)和亚瑟的王后桂内薇尔 (Guinevere)的奸情。
• The new literature The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in marked contrast with the strength and somberness of Anglo-Saxon poetry. Anglo-Saxon literature: Battle is a way of life. Strength, courage and loyalty are basic virtues for both kings and warriors. Beowulf shows how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.
Medieval romances or tales in verse, can be divided into three classes: • a. the Matter of France • b. the Matter of Greece & Rome • c. the Matter of Britain tales having their heroes Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.
Part II The Anglo-Norman Period
• A. French B. English C. Latin D. Swedish
27
• 7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.
• A. Langland B. Gower C. Wycliffe D. Chaucer • 8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful
(3) What is ballad ?
25
Literature expanding
• 1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in
invading and defeating England.
• A. William the Conqueror
1.Written work:Part II Exercise
(1). Movie review about King Arthur.
(2). 西方的骑士文学和中国的武侠小说有何 异同？
2.Preview work:
(1) What is heroic couplet?
(2) What are Chaucer′s contributions?
Part II The Medieval Period (1066-1485)
The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)
1
Step I Assignment-checking(15 mins)
• 1)What is the Norman Conquest? • 2) What do you know about medieval
英国文学史及选读
英国文学史及选读1Part 1. The Anglo-Saxon PeriodBeowulf (the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements. CaedmonParaphrase of the Bible/ (the first known religious poet of England) Cynewulf The Christ /( poet on religious subjects)Part 2. The Anglo-Norman PeriodSir Gawain and the Green Knight/ a mixture of Anglo-Saxon poetry and French poetry. (alliterative verse with metrical verse ), The poem reflects the ideal of feudal knighthood. A true knight should not only dedicate himself to the church, but also possess the virtues of great courage, of fidelity to his promise, and of physical chastity and purity.Part 3. Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer 1340-1400The House of Fame ; Troilus and Criseyde (long narrative poem);Legend of Good Women (first used heroic couplet); The Parliament of Fowls poetry ：Canterbury Tales / Significance(重要性): It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time ; It has a dramatic structure; It re flects Chaucer’s humor ; It shows Chaucer’s contribution to the English language and poetry. his contribution to English poetry: 1.introduced from france the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet), 2.Is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. 3.He is considered as the founder of English poetry. Part 4. The English renaissance(英国文艺复兴)Thomas More(托马斯.莫尔) Utopia(乌托邦) ( He is the outstanding humanist) Lyrical poems(抒情诗) Thomas Wyatt(托马斯.怀亚特)(the first to introduce the sonnet<十四行诗> into English literature); Henry Howard; Philip Sidney; Thomas Campion Epic poem(史诗) Edmond Spenser The Faerie Queen Novels John Lyly(Eupheus gives rise to the term euphuism ); Thomas Lode (they dealing with court life and gallantry Thomas Deloney; Thomas Nashe (they are realistic authors devoted to the everyday life of craftsman, merchants and other representatives of the lower classes.) Francis Bacon(弗兰西斯.培根)1561-1626 The philosophical: Advancement of Learning ; Novum Organum 新工具; De Augmentis The literary: Essays(随笔)(Of Truth, Of Death; Of Revenge, Of Friendship ) The professional: treatises entitled Maxims of the Law and Reading on the Statute of Uses The founder of English materialist philosophy Drama Christopher Marlowe ( the greatest pioneer of English drama who made blank verse the principle vehic le of expression in drama); Robert Greene George Green /the Pinner of WakefieldWilliamShakespeare1564-1616 (37plays, two narrative poems, 154sonnets) The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Verona维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）; The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗The Great Comedie(伟大的喜剧)s: A Midsummer Night’s Dream; The Merchant of V enice; As You Like It ;Twelfth Night;The Great Tragedies(伟大的悲剧): The Tragedy of Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; The Tragedy of Macbeth;The Later Comedies(romances): Pericles; Cymbeline; The Winter’s Tale; The Tempest;Part 5. The English Bourgeois revolution period and RestorationJohn Milton1608-1674 Shorter poems: L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas;Principle pamphlets: Areopagitica论出版自由; Eikonoklastes; Defense for theEnglish people;Poem: Paradise Lost (The poem was written in blank verse); Paradise Regained;John Bunyan1628-1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress(It is the greatest English allegory, its style is simple and biblical)John Donne1572-1631 Poetry(love lyrics & religious poems);Sonnets(The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry)John Dryden Critic, poet and playwright of restoration periodPart 6. The eighteenth CenturyThe Age of Enlightenment or The Age of ReasonEnlightenment Alexander Pope；Joseph Addison&Richard Steele The Spectator；Jonathan Swift；Daniel Defoe；Henry Fielding；Richard B. Sheridan；Oliver Goldsmith；Edward Gibbon；Samuel JohnsonPope exercised the greatest influence on the 18th century poetry;Swift is the most outstanding personality, Gulliver’s TravelsNeoclassicism John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, Henry Fielding, Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, Edward Gibbon The Decline & Fall of theRoman Empire Neoclassical poetry, as represented by Dryden, Pope & Johnson, reachedits stylistic perfection during the periodModern Realistic Novel Defoe Robinson Crusoe,Richardson,Fielding, Sterne, Goldsmith, T.G..Smollet’s satirical novel The adventures of Roderick RandomFielding and Smollet are the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.Richardson displays the innermost life of an individual, Pamela or Virtue Rewarded, he History of a Young Lady, The History of Sir Chares GrandionGothic Novel The real originator of English Gothic novel was Horace Walpole Castle of Otranto；Mary Shelley Frankenstein;Ann Radcliff The Mysteries of UdolphoSentimentalism Novels: Laurence Stern Sentimental Journey;Tristram Shandy；Oliver Goldsmith The Vicar of WakefieldPoetry: Thomas Gray’s An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard;Goldsmith’s The Deserted Village;George Crabbe The VillageSatire Pope , Swift, Richard B. Sheridan School for ScandalPre-Romanticism in poetry, which was ushered in by Percy Macpherson & Chatterton, and represented by William Blake&Robert Burns。
英国 文学史
Part One The Anglo-Saxon PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by ____, the Roman conqueror, came with the ____ into Britain.2. The ____ period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.3. Angles, Saxons and ____ usually known as Anglo-Saxons are the first Englishmen. Language spoken by them is called the Old English,which is the foundation of English language and literature.4. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, ____ and Christian.5. In the 8th century, Anglo-Saxon prose appeared. The famous prose writers of that period were Venerable Bede and ________.6.Anglo-saxon conquest happened in_______.7. ____ is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.8. ____ is the first known religious poet of England. He is known as the father of English song.9. The didactic poem The Christ was produced by ____.10. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were ____, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name of Britain,the land of Britons. The Britons were a ____ people.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.1. When we speak of the old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is ____, who is the first scholar in English literatureand has been regarded as father of English learning.a. William Shakespeareb. Beowulfc. Julius Caesard. Venerable Bede2. The most important work of Alfred the Great is ____, which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose.a. The Song of Beowulfb. The Anglo-Saxon Chroniclesc. The Ecclesiastical History of the English Peopled. Brut3. ____ is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.a. Alfred the Greatb. Venerable Bedec. Adam Beded. King Arthur4. ____ is the first important religious poet in English literature.a. John Donneb. George Herbertc. Caedmond. Milton5. In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the ____ poetry.a. paganb. religiousc. romanticd. sentimental6. Prose literature did not show its appearance until the ____century.a. 6thb. 7thc. 8thd. 10th7. The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the ____ century.a. 5thb. 6thc. 7thd. 8th8. Beowulf describes the exploits of a ____ hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and afire-breathing dragon.a. Denmarkb. Scandinavianc. Englandd. Norway9. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years in Britain, and in ____, all the Roman troops went back to the continent and neverreturned.a. 55 B.C.b. 78 A.D.c.400 A.Dd.410 A.D10. English literature began with the ____ settlement in England. Of old English literature, Beowulf, the national epic of the Englishpeople, is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.a. Anglo-Saxonb. Romanc. Normand. BritainIII. Explain the following terms.1. Epic2. Alliteration3. metaphorIV. Answer the following questions.1. How many groups does the old English poetry fall into? What are they?2. What are the main characteristics of Anglo-Saxon literature?3. What are the main incidents of the poem Beowulf?4. What are the writing features of Beowulf ?5. What is the theme of Beowulf?Part Two The Anglo-Norman PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1. In the year 1066, the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of ____.2. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English ____.3. After the ____ Conquest, feudal system was established in English society.4. By the time when England entered into feudal society, the society was divided into two classes: ____ and ____.5. The romances were usually composed for the noble, of the noble, and had nothing to do with the ____.6.The Norman Conquest brought the body of customs and ideals known as ________into England.7. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination of the romances about______.8. The border area between England and Scotland was a particular fertile soil for______.9. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry was written down and recorded in the 18th century by________.10. In English history, Robin Hood is a partly real and partly_______figure.II. Choose the best answer for each statement.1. In 1066, ____ led the Norman army to invade and defeat England.a. William the Conquerorb. Julius Caesarc. Alfred the Greatd. Claudius2. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a verse romance of_______.a. over 3000 linesb. over 2000 linesc. over 1000 linesd. over 4000 lines3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the ____.a. Frenchb. Latinc. romanced. science4. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Norman spoke ____.a. Frenchb. Englishc. Latind. Swedish5. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called ____.a. Morte d’Arthurb. Robin Hoodc. The Canterbury Talesd. Piers the PlowmanIII. Explain the following terms:1. Romance2. BalladIV. Answer the following questions.1. What is the influence of the Norman Conquest upon English language and literature?2. Make comments on the romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.3. How many groups do the great majority of the romances fall into? What are they?4. What is the most important department of English folk literature? And make comments on its most famous cycle: the Robin HoodBallads.5. Make comments on the ballad “ Get up and Bar the Door”.Part Three The Age of ChaucerI. Historical Background1 .The Hundred Years’ War with France (1337-1453)Disputes between England and France were common. A war with France lasted, on and off, for a hundred years. It was fought entirely in France, where English bowmen defeated the heavily armed French knights in the famous battle of Crecy and Agincourt, and the whole of France were nearly fell into English hands. Eventually, however, partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, which had only just been invented, the French drove the English from their country for good. England became completely severed from France.2. The peasant Uprising of 1381Mounting feudal oppression in the second half of the 14th century led to th e peasants’ revolts. The ruling class thrice passed the so-called Statutes of Labourers in parliament, stipulating that all able-bodied men and women under sixty be required to work for any one at the rate of wages fixed in 1347 or before, and those who refused to do so be arrested or declared outlaws. On top of this, heavy land-rents and enforced services were practiced as before, and consequently many peasants fled from the land to the towns while some went to forests and organized themselves as bandits o r outlaws. All these events led inevitably to the great peasant’s rising in 1381.The fourteenth century is remarkable historically for the decline of feudalism for the growth of the English national spirit during the Wars with Frances, for the prominence of the House of Commons, and for the growing power of the labouring classes.II. The Development of literatureIn the second half of the 14th century, English literature flourished after three centuries of comparative lull.The age produced five writers of note. They are William Langland who voiced the social discontent, preached the equality of men and dignity of labour ; John Wyclif, the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible; John Gower, the scholar and literary man, criticizing the social life; John Mandeville, the traveler, romancing about the wonders to be seen broad.Above all there is Chaucer. He was the representative writer of the century. Therefore, the 14th century is usually called “ The Age of Chaucer”.William Langland and His Piers the PlowmanPiers the Plowman exists in three versions. It is a long poem of 7, 000 lines. The poem describes a series of wonderful dream the author dreamed. The poem is in two distinct parts. The first contained the vision of Piers. The Second contained a series of visions called “ The Search for Dowel, Dobet, Dobest”.“Piers Plowman” is an allegory of life. In it Langland presents a vivid picture of the life in feudal England. Its artistic m erit may beshown by its portraits of the Seven Deadly Sins. It was very popular throughout the 14th century and 15th century.Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)In the period of Medieval English, literature found its best expression mainly in poetry. The most famous and the greatest poet of the time was Geoffrey Chaucer, who is often called the father of English poetry.1. Chaucer’s Life ( p.11)2. His Literary CareerChaucer’s literary careers are roughly divided into three parts, corresponding to the three periods of his life.(1) The French PeriodThe Romaunt of the Rose, a translation from the French poem “ Roman de la Rose”The Book of the Duchess, Chaucer’s first important original work.(2) The Italian PeriodThe House of FameThe Assembly of FoulsTroilus and CryseydeThe Legend of Good Women(3) The English PeriodThe Canterbury Tales ------ Chaucer’s masterpiece.3. Selected ReadingAn Excerpt from the General Prologue of The Canterbury TalesThe whole work consists of a prologue and twenty-four tales. Twenty-two tales were written in verse form, two in prose form. In the prologue, the author reveals his plan for writing this work , and vividly describes the teller of each tale. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses lines of ten syllables and five accents each, and the lines run in couplets.4. The Social Significance of The Canterbury Tales(1) He is a first realistic writer. In his masterpiece, Chaucer gives us a true to life picture of the society of his time. It is Chaucer whocreated a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.(2) As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. His tales exposes and satirizes the evilsof his time.(3) Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later as the heroic couplet. His language is vivid and exact. He is a master of word-pictures.5. Language of The Canterbury TalesIn Chaucer’s age the English language was still divided by dialects, th ough London was rapidly making East-Midland into a standard language. Chaucer’s English was the London dialect. He is considered to be a great master of the English language, for he gre atly increased the prestige of English as a literary language and extended the range of its poetic vocabulary and meters.III. Literary TermAllegory : A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory isa story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. The most famous allegory in English literature is JohnBunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress. Bunyan’s hero, Christian, makes s journey to the Celestial City, during which he meets such characters as Hope, Shame, and Despair.Heroic Couplet : The rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter.IV Suggested Questions1. What is the function of the Prologue to The Canterbury Tales?2. What is Chaucer’s contribution to English language?3. What is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales?Part Four The Age of English RenaissanceI. Fill in each blank.1. The Wars of the Roses (1455-85) between the House of ____ and the House of ____ struggling for the Crown continued for 30 years.2. Because of the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the King of England, hence the far-reaching movement of ____ tookplace in England, started by Henry VIII.3. The introduction of ____ to England by William Caxon (1476) brought classical works within reach of the common multitude.4. The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundations of ____.5. In Elizabethan Period, ____ wrote more than fifty excellent essays, which made him one of the best essayists in English literature.6. ____ is often referred to as “the poets’ poet”.7. Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest non-dramatic poet of the Elizabethan Age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece____.8. From the first half of the 16th century, ____ began to develop into a flowering of literature and then England became “a nest of singingbirds”.9. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and ____ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.10. ____ was the most gifted of the university wits. He produced in all six plays and several poems.II. Choose one or more than one suitable answers for each statement.1. The first complete English Bible was translated by _____________a. William Tyndalb. James Ic. John Wycliffed. Bishop Lancelot Andrewes2. ____was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.a. Thomas Wyattb. William Shakespearec. Philip Sidneyd. Thomas Campion3. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was ____ who made blank verse the principalvehicle of expression in drama.a. Christopher Marloweb. Thomas Logec. Edmund Spenserd. Thomas More4. From the following, choose the one which is not Edmund Spenser’s work: ____.a. The Shepherd’s Calendarb. Epithalamionc. The Faerie Queened. Amorettie. Astrophel and Stella5. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ____ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture ofthe people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.a. Thomas Moreb. Thomas Marlowec. Francis Bacond. William Shakespeare6. English Renaissance Period was an age of ____.a. prose and novelb. poetry and dramac. essays and journalsd. ballads and songs6. ____ and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of the English language.a. Chaucerb. Spenserc. Shakespeared. Ben Johnson7. The keynote of the English Renaissance was _________.a. humanismb. reformationc. Enclosure movementd. realism8. Elizabethan poetry is remarkable for its variety, freshness, youthfulness and its___________.a. prosperityb. lyrical naturec. romantic feelingd. nostalgia9. __________is credited with introducing the blank verse into English poetry.a. Thomas Wyattb. Philip Sidneyc. Henry Howardd. William Shakespeare10. As a philosopher ___________is praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English materialism” because he stressed the impor tance ofexperience ,r experiment.a. Thomas Moreb. Francis Baconc. Edmund Spenserd. Philip SidneyIII. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.A B1. ( ) Christopher Marlowe a. Utopia2. ( ) Shakespeare b. The Jew of Malta3. ( ) Edmund Spenser c. The Faerie Queene4. ( ) Thomas More d. The Merchant of Venice5. ( ) Henry Howard e. The Sooth Season6. ( ) Francis Bacon f. A midsummer Night’s Dream7. ( ) Hermia g. The New Instrument8. ( ) Ben Jonson h. Volpone9. ( ) Juliet i. Astrophel and Stella10 ( ) Sir Philip Sidney j Romeo and JulietIV. Explain the following terms:1. Sonnet2. Blank verse3. Spenserian stanza4. Humanism5. Renaissance6. University WitsV. Answer the following questions.1. How much do you know about English Renaissance?2. What are the characteristics of Spenser’s poetry?3.How much do you know about Thomas More’s Utopia?4 What is the writing style of Bacon’s essays?5. What features do Shakespeare’s plays possess?Part Five The Seventeenth CenturyI. Fill in each blank.1. In 1642, civil war broke out in England. The royalists were defeated by the parliament army led by ____. In 1649, Charles I wassentenced to death, and England was declared to be a commonwealth.2. The Revolution Period is also called ____, because the English Revolution was carried out under a religious cloak.3. After the death of Cromwell, the Parliament recalled Charles II to England in 1660; then followed the ____ period.4. In Revolution Period ____ towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and as Chaucer towers over theMedieval Period.5 ____ wrote his masterpiece The Pilgrim’s Progress during his second imprisonment.6. ____ gives a vivid and satirical description of Vanity Fair which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration.7. Paradise Lost took its material from ___________.8. The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is _________.9. The poetry of Donne represents a sharp _____ with that written by his predecessors and contemporaries.10. In English literature, the Restoration period is traditionally called “Age of _______”.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.1. In 1649, ____ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth.a. James Ib. James IIc. Charles Id. Charles II2. Which was not written by Milton? ____.a. Areopagiticab. Lycidasc. L’Allegrod. Song to Celia3. The finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of hell, and ____ is the real hero of the poem.a. Godb. Satanc. Adamd. Raphael4. Who is the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry? ____.a. John Donneb. George Herbertc. Andrew Marwelld. Henry Vaughan5 To His Coy Mistress is one of ___’s famous poems? ____.a. John Donneb. George Herbertc. Andrew Marwelld. Richard Crashaw6. Another school of poetry prevailing in 17th century was that of ____, i.e. those verse-writers, often knights and squires, who sided withthe King against the Parliament and Puritans.a. Metaphysical Poetsb. Cavalier Poetsc. John Miltond. John Dryden7. The literature of the Revolution Period is ______the literature of the Elizabethan Period.a. different fromb. as prosperous asc. more romanticd. same as8. The poems by the Metaphysical poets are full of farfetched__________.a. humourb. satirec. conceitsd. criticism9. In The Pilgrim’s Progress , the allegorical narrative is based on the idea of _____.a. a journeyb. Christian’s dreamc. Christian’s adventuresd. a sailor10. Paradise Lost was written in_______.a. Spenserian stanzab. rhyming coupletc. blank versed. allegoryIII. Explain the following terms.1. Metaphysical poets2. Cavalier poets3. ConceitsIV. Find the relevant match for column A from column B.A B1. ( ) John Dryden a. Death Be Not Proud2. ( ) John Milton b. An Essay of Dramatic Poesy4. ( ) Andrew Marvel c. To His Coy Mistress5. ( ) John Dryden d. Lycidas Lycidas6. ( ) George Herbert e. To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time7.( ) Robert Herrick f. VirtueV. Answer the following questions.1. What are the different aspects between the literature of Elizabethan period and the literature of the Revolution period?2. Make a comment on the image of Satan in Paradise Lost.3. What are the features of Milton’s poetry?4. Tell the story of Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.5. What are the chief qualities of Bunyan’s style?Part Six The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandI. Fill in each blank.1. The ____ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.2. There appeared two groups of English enlighteners, one is the moderate group; the other is ____.3. ____ is undoubtedly the greatest poet Scotland has ever produced. His Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect is of great significance.4. ____ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Edward Young and Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly inthe novels of Laurence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith.5. The enlighteners believed that reason should be the only bas is of one’s thinking and action. That is why the eighteenth century inEngland has been called ____.6. Today Edward Young is chiefly remembered for his major work ____, which is a didactic poem of about ten thousand lines of blankverse in nine books.7. In the first part of Gulliver’s Travels, the hero Gulliver is cast upon the shore of the island of ____.8. In the first part of Robinson Crusoe, the hero saved a savage and named him ____.9.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.1. ____ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.a. The Renaissanceb. The Enlightenmentc. The Religious Reformationd. The Chartist Movement2．. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____. What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.a. naturalismb. romanticismc. classicismd. realism3．. “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.”This sentence is said by ____, one of the greatest masters of English prose.a. Alexander Popeb. Henry Fieldingc. Daniel Defoed. Jonathan Swift4. As a journalist, ____ had learned how to make his reporting vivid and credible by a skillful use of circumstantial detail. This power tomake his characters alive and his stories credible is an inimitable gift.a. Joseph Addisonb. Daniel Defoec. Samuel Richardsond. Tobias Smollett5．The Enlightenment movement was an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against ______________.a. social prejudiceb. feudalismc. superstition of religiond. romanticism6. Henry Fielding’s career as a playwright paved the way for his writing of _______.a. novelsb. poemsc. satiric playsd. songs7. The most valuable things in Thomas Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard are _________of the poet that reveal themselves soprominently in so many places of the poems.a. criticismsb. democratic sentimentsc. angry feelingsd. happy feelings8. Among the pamphlets written by Swift about Ireland, the most famous are The Drapier’s Letters a nd ___________.a. The Battle of the Booksb. A Tale of a Tubc. A Modest Proposald. Gullivers’ Travels9. “ Without contrast, there is no progression” was written by__________.a. Robert Burnsb. Oliver Goldsmithc. William Blaked. William Wordswoth10. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, _______, which were satirized by Jonathan Swift inhis masterpiece.a. The Whigs and the Toriesb. the senate and the house of Representativesc. the upper House and lower Housed. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsIII. Explain the following terms.1. Neo-classicism2. Realism3. Sentimentalism4. Enlightenment5. ElegyIV. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.A B1.( ) Edward Young Essay on Man2.( ) Alexander Pope The Chimney Sweeper3.( ) William Blake Nights Thoughts4.( ) Daniel Defoe My Heart’s inn the Highland5.( ) Robert Burns Captain Singleton6.( ) Henry Fielding Joseph Andrews7. ( ) Jonathan Swif t Gulliver’s travelsV. Answer the following questions.1. What are the features of Burns poetry?2. Make a comment on the image of Robinson Crusoe.3. Tell the story of the first part of Robinson Crusoe.4. Tell the story of th e first part of Gulliver’s Travels.5. How much do you know about English Enlightenment?6. What are Swift’s writing features?7. Summarize the story of Tom Jones.8. What are the features of Fielding’s novels?Part Seven The Romantic AgeI. Fill in the blanks.1. The publication of The Lyrical Ballads marked the break with classicism and the beginning of the ____.2. The greatest historical novelist ____ was produced in the Romantic Age.3 Queen Mab, Shelley’s important poem, is written in the form of a ____.4. ____’s grave bears the epitaph: “Here lies one whose name is writ in water.”5. The first poem in the collection The Lyrical Ballads is ____’s masterpiece The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.5. In 1807 Byron published his lyric poems in a small V olume called Hours of Idleness. The volume was sharply attacked in the influentialEdinburgh Review. Byron responded with his first important poem, a biting satire called ____.6. ____ was expelled after only six months at Oxford, because he had written the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.7. Ivanhoe is the masterpiece of the historical novelist ____.8. Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey is written by _________9. Wordsworth, Coleridge and_________ have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they live in the Lake District in thenorthwestern part of England.10. In looking after his brother, who died of consumption, _______was stricken with the same illness and could not marry his sweethearton account of his poverty and illness.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.1. The Romantic Age came to an end with the death of the last well-known romantic writer ____.a. Jane Austenb. Walter Scottc. Samuel Taylor Coleridged. William Wordsworth2. ____ was the first critic of the Romantic school.a. William Wordsworthb. Samuel Johnsonc. Samuel Taylor Coleridged. Wordsworth and Coleridge3. ____ was made poet laureate in 1813. But most of his works, accor ding to modern critics, are “the product of literary industry, not ofliterary creation.”a. Wordsworthb. Coleridgec. Robert Southeyd. Byron4. In the preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads,_________laid down the principles of romantic poetry.a. Wordsworthb. Coleridgec. Southeyd. Blake5. In 1805, William Wordsworth completed a long autobiographical poem entitled_____.a. Lucy Poemsb. Lyrical Balladsc. The Preluded. The Solitary Reaper6. It is said that the poem________ written by S.T. Coleridge was composed in a dream after the poet took the opium. But when he waswriting the lines down, a stranger interrupted him and only 54 lines survived.a. The Rime of the Ancient Marinerb. Frost at Midnight7. Compared with the Neoclassicists who emphasized features that men have in common, the Romantics emphasized the special qualitiesof each______’s mind.a. individualb. collectivec. mass d female8. The novel Pride and Prejudice mainly deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husbands, centering on the lovestory between _____and _______.a. Jane/ Bingleyb. Lydia/Wickhamc. Elizabeth/Darcyd. Jane/Darcy9. In Scott’s historical novels, historical events are closely interwoven with________.a. historical storiesb. the fates of individualsc. the ordinary peopled. the nobles10. In lamenting over John Keats’ premature death, Shelley wrote an elegy entitled_______.a. Lycidasb. Adonaisc. In Memoriamd. Prometheus UnboundIII. Explain the following terms.1. Byronic Hero2. Lake Poets3. Ode4. RomanticismIV. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.A B1. ( ) George Gordon Byron a. Endymion2. ( ) Percy Bysshe Shelley b. Don Juan3. ( ) John Keats c. To a Skylark4. ( ) Walter Scott d. She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways5. ( ) Jane Austen e. Biographia Literature6. ( ) Samuel Taylor Coleridge f. Emma7. ( ) William Wordsworth g.Rob RoyV. Answer the following questions.。
Anglo-Norman_Period
Important Differences
The Virtues of the Hero The Nature of the Threats The Theme of Romantic Love Religious Element The Tone …
2.4 Characteristics of Romance
Part Two AngloNorman Period
(1066-1350)
I Historical Background
1.1 Norman Conquest (1066) Battle of Hastings Crowning of William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) as King of England
Is there any other way to interpret this romance? eg. green
2.3.3 Writing Techniques
Written in stanzas (groups of lines forming a unit) Alliterative verse
A knight as the hero
Knights’ adventures as the subject matter
Romantic love as an important plot
2.4 Characteristics of Romance
A free use of improbable or supernatural elements Standardized characterization Structure often loose and episodic
medieval
贵族人生的理想反映，与平民无关
English Romance: Arthurian Legends (Arthur: A legendary British hero, said to have been king of the Britons in the sixth century)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ( Gawain: In Arthurian legend, a nephew of King Arthur and a Knight of the Round Table)
English language→ Anglo-Saxon + French A: Gentle, jury, indict控告, verdict裁决; F: Mutton (moton), pork (porc), beef (buef), photo, madam (madame) Ballet, bourgeoisie, cafe
William The Conqueror Duke of Normandy
ⅡThe Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Language:
For a NormanFrench, and Latin existed side by side in England.
• use refrains （ 叠句） or other kinds of repetition
• Ballad is a Hood is a famous ballad singing the goods story in poetic from to be sung or recited. Ballads were passed down from generation to generation. Robin Hood.
Lecture 2(2) chaucer英国早期文学家乔叟的相关知识
Romance: a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th-15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denotes any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry and courtly love.
Life & Literary Influence of Chaucer
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
→ page, diplomat (Petrarch,Boccaccio, Dante), comptroller, parliament, clerk of Windsor, pension → “The Poet’ s Corner” in Westminster Abby → Phases of Chaucer’s literary life 1)1355-1372, French period—translator: The Romance
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
Historical Overview ¤ In 1154, Normans' conquest ended ¤1154-1485, Henry II, the Plantagenet's ¤1338-1453, the War of 100-year ¤1348-1449, the Black Death ¤1455-1485, The War of Roses ¤ In 1485, Henry VII, the Tudor---the end of the feudalism
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Anglo-Norman literature
King Arthur (亚瑟王) is one of the great mythic figures of English literature, a legendary king and champion of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxon invaders, immortalized in the 15th century ad by Malory's Le Morte Darthur, chivalric tales about the Knights of the Round Table and the search for the Holy Grail (圣杯).
Historical background
Anglo-Norman is the name given to the dialect of Medieval French imported into Britain in the wake of the Norman Conquest and used there. It has left an indelible (无法消除的；不可磨灭的) trace on Modern English. During the following three centuries AngloSaxon speech simplified itself by dropping of its Teutonic (条顿语的;日耳曼语的) inflections (词尾形 态变化), absorbed eventually a large part of the French vocabulary, and became the English language.
Anglo-Norman literature
King Arthur, Legendary Character / Royalty Born: c. 6th century A.D. Birthplace: England Died: Possibly 537 A.D. Best Known As: Ruler of Caቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱelot
History and Anthology of English Literature
Part II The AngloNorman Period (1066-1350)
I. Historical background
In the year 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons. The Anglo-Normans were the descendants of the Normans who ruled England following the conquest.
A short history of the development of the English language
Old English (450-1100 AD) Middle English (1100-1500) Modern English Early Modern English (1500-1800) Late Modern English (1800-Present)
Anglo-Norman literature
A knight was originally no more than a household servant, living in the lord’s hall and to serve him in war, and when necessary, to fight for the king, from whom the barons (地主或贵族) or lords had got their land. Later, the great barons gave land to knights on condition that they should be ready to fight when called upon. Thus a feudal system of hierarchy was formed.
Anglo-Norman literature
Romance (罗曼司;骑士传奇) was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. The great age of medieval romance was the 12th and early 13th centuries and its chief breeding ground was the aristocratic society in France. From France it was introduced into England in the second half of the 13th and 14th centuries.
Anglo-Norman literature
It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous adventures; it makes liberal use of the improbable, often supernatural, and it often includes romantic love.
Anglo-Norman literature
Romance, in the original sense of the word, means the vernacular (native) language, as opposed to Latin, and later it means a tale in verse, embodying the life and adventures of knights.
Historical background
The three chief effects of the conquest were (a) the bringing of Roman civilization to England; (b) the growth of nationality, i.e. a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (c) the new language and literature, which were proclaimed in Chaucer.
The Germanic Family of Languages
II. Anglo-Norman literature
English literature was also a combination of French and Saxon elements. The three centuries after the Roman conquest saw the large scale introduction of French culture and literature, and through French literature the introduction of Italian literature.
I. Historical background --- Normans
Any of the Vikings (北欧海盗), or Norsemen (古代挪 威人; 古代斯堪的纳维亚人), who settled in northern France (or the Frankish kingdom) and their descendants. As pagan pirates from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, they raided the European coast in the 8th century. They settled in the lower Seine (塞纳河) valley by c. 900. In 911 they were granted territory around what is now Rouen by King Charles III and then extended their territory westward. They founded the duchy (公爵领地,公国) of Normandy, governed by a line of rulers who called themselves counts (伯爵) or dukes of Normandy.
Anglo-Norman literature
Romance was characteristic of the early feudal age, as it reflected the spirit of chivalry (骑士精神;骑士品质), i.e. the quality and ideal of knightly conduct. The content of romance was usually about love, chivalry, and religion.
Anglo-Norman literature
In subject matters, romance naturally falls under three categories: (a) the Matter of France: tales about Charlemagne the Great and Roland, a French National hero in the 8th century. The most well-known piece is Chanson de Roland; (b) Matter of Greece and Rome: an endless series of fabulous tales about Alexander the Great, and about the fall of Troy; (c) Matter of Britain: tales having for their heroes Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.