英文法律文书简明教程(十)

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英语法律文件简明教程-

英语法律文件简明教程-

编号:英语法律文件简明教程甲方:乙方:年月日英语法律文件简明教程一.缩略语规则1,在正式写作中,应避免缩写,除非有以下规则2、3和4。

在正式写作中,除了下面规则2、3和4中指出的以外,不应使用缩写。

例如:不正确:美国最高法院认为被告的权利受到了侵犯。

正确:美国最高法院认为被告的权利受到了侵犯。

不正确:乔纳斯教授提到了几个有家庭伴侣关系条例的城市,例如纽约和旧金山。

正确:乔纳斯教授提到了几个有家庭伴侣关系条例的城市,包括纽约和旧金山。

不正确:法院于1994年10月12日宣布对此案的判决。

正确:法院于1994年10月12日宣布对此案的判决。

规则2,如果一个缩写被广泛使用,并在一般用法中代替全称,则可以使用;然而,英语时期(。

)不应在使用此缩写时使用。

当一个缩写变得如此普遍,以至于它已经取代了常用的全称时,人们可以使用缩写;然而,不应该使用句点。

例如:不正确:美国癌症协会是上周美国癌症协会的一个侧写的主题。

正确:全国有色人种协进会是上周哥伦比亚广播公司的一个简介的主题。

(注:全国有色人种协进会,哥伦比亚广播公司哥伦比亚广播系统)然而:本案被告是雷诺工业公司请注意,在上面的示例中,句点(。

)后面的字母R和J应该保留,因为这个缩写所代表的含义并不广为人知。

一般来说,这样的缩写要用全称;但是,在上面的例子中不能使用全名,因为公司的注册名称中使用了缩写R.J。

请注意,在前面的例子中,“R”和“J”后面的点应该保留,因为大多数读者对缩写的含义还不够了解。

通常,人们会用完整的术语来代替这样的缩写;然而,在这种情况下不能这样做,因为涉及的法人名称包括缩写。

规则3,使用法律引用时,必须按照Bluebook的要求进行缩写。

但是,在提到法院时不应使用缩写。

撰写法律引文时,请始终使用蓝皮书要求的缩写。

但是,当在文本中提到法院时,不要缩写。

例如:例如:不正确:疾病。

最高法院要求将孩子交还给他的生母。

史密森诉贝塔利亚,59伊利诺伊州2d 73,180东北记者2d 754 (1994)。

法律英语全文翻译

法律英语全文翻译

法律英语全文翻译(一)米兰达规则你有权保持沉默——米兰达规则在犯罪嫌疑人的权利方面,没有比米兰达诉亚利桑那州案更著名的了。

许多人视米兰达案为沃伦法庭正当程序判决中最为核心的一个案件。

这个案子牵涉到了在亚里桑那非尼克斯被捕的米兰达,他被控告绑架和强奸了一名年轻女子。

在警局总部被受害者指认他犯了罪。

经过两小时的讯问,米兰达承认被指控罪,并签了一份供诉状,法院据此给他定了罪。

在最终向美国最高法院的上诉中,法院作出一个对最近几十年的刑事审判都有极大深远影响的判决。

法院认定米兰达的罪名是不成立的,因为在警察局的整个审讯过程中并没有告知他权利以及提供法律顾问,用以征服审判者的个人判断。

法庭还说被提任何问题之前有权保持沉默,他所说的每一句话都可能在法庭上作为对他的不利证据,他有权请辩护律师出场,并且如果他请不起律师,如果他愿意,将在提问前为他指定一位律师。

在讯问过程中,必须告知他有机会去行使这些权利。

在警告做出和这些机会提供给他以后,他个人可以有意识地放弃这些权利并且同意回答问题或者做出供述。

但是除非这些告知和放弃的权利在审判中原告可以举证,否则任何讯问结果都不能用来对抗他。

为了确保当犯罪嫌疑人被捕时被及时告知了这些合理的建议,现在著名的米兰达权利应当在任何问题提出前宣读。

这些权利通常会出现在警察局的米兰达警告的卡片上。

18岁或18岁以上被拘留的人,在审问之前会被告知这些权利。

这些权利如下:1、你有权利保持沉默,你所说的一切都将可能成为法庭对你的不利证据。

2、你有权利和你的律师交谈,并且在被讯问时有权请你的律师在场。

3、如果你想在讯问前或讯问过程中请一位律师,但是你请不起一位律师,讯问前将会为你免费指派一位律师作为你的代理人。

4、如果你愿意在没有律师的情况下回答问题,你仍有权利随时停止回答提问。

(二)美国宪法序言我们美利坚合众国的人民,为了组织一个更完善的联邦,树立正义,保障国内的安宁,建立共同的国防,增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸福,乃为美利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪法。

英文法律文书简明教程(二)缩略符

英文法律文书简明教程(二)缩略符

缩略符-见译注 当⼀个学⽣向教授提交书⾯作业或向律师事务所提交书⾯资料时,没有什么⽐错误的使⽤或不使⽤缩略符造成的负⾯印象更严重了。

因此,掌握这些简单,却常常容易混淆的规则⾮常重要。

在四种情形下使⽤或不使⽤缩略符容易引起混淆,分别是(1)复数词(2)单数所有格(3)复数所有格和(4)it's和its 的缩写形式(Contractions,see cross reference hereunder)与所有格。

是否使⽤所有格,要先问问⾃⼰是否涉及领有关系。

如果是领有关系,名词或带词就要采取所有格。

规则1、Plain plural words do not require the use of an apostrophe. For example: Incorrect: The lawyer's could generally be found after hours at the Hanover Street Bar and Grill. (The apostrophe here incorrectly indicates a singular possessive.) Incorrect: The lawyers' could generally be found after hours at the Hanover Street Bar and Grill. (The apostrophe here incorrectly indicates a plural possessive.) Correct: The lawyers could generally be found after hours at the Hanover Street Bar and Grill. (The lack of an apostrophe here correctly indicates a plural, nonpossessive term.) 规则2、In singular possessive terms, place the apostrophe before the "s." This will indicate ownership by one person or thing. For example: Incorrect: Our schools collection included an original set of Blackstone's Commentaries. Incorrect: Our schools' collection included an original set of Blackstone's Commentaries. Correct: Our school's collection included an original set of Blackstone's Commentaries. 规则3、In plural possessive terms, place the apostrophe after the "s." This will indicate to the reader that more than one person or thing owns the thing possessed. Incorrect: The students success was largely attributable to their hard work and dedication. Incorrect: The student's success was largely attributable to their hard work and dedication. Correct: The students' success was largely attributable to their hard work and dedication. 规则4、How to distinguish "its" and "it's." "It's" is the contraction of "it is," as in the sentence, "It's best not to question the judge's knowledge of the laws of evidence in open court." In formal writing, however, one generally should not use contractions. Thus, the better formulation of the sentence above would be: "It is best not to question the judge's knowledge of the laws of evidence in open court." "Its" is a possessive, as in the sentence, "The truck lost its muffler as it entered the pothole-laden Kennedy Expressway." This is the rare case in which a possessive term does not take an apostrophe. 规则5、A less-often faced decision involves the use of apostrophes where multiple owners are named. Where two or more people own one item jointly, place an apostrophe before an "s" only after the second-named person. For example: Incorrect: Bill's and Mary's car was a lemon, leading them to seek rescission of their contract under the state's lemon law. Correct: Bill and Mary's car was a lemon, leading them to seek rescission of their contract under the state's lemon law. However, when two or more people own two or more items separately, each individual's name should take the possessive form. For example: Incorrect: Joanne and Todd's cars were bought from the same dealer; both proved useless, even though Joanne's car was an import and Todd's was a domestic model. Correct: Joanne's and Todd's cars were bought from the same dealer; both proved useless, even though Joanne's car was an import and Todd's was a domestic model. 规则6、When creating the possessive form of words ending in "s," use only an apostrophe after the "s" if the word ends in a "z" sound. However, if the word ends in an "s" sound use an apostrophe and an additional "s" to create the possessive. Less Desirable: He was a student in Professor Adams's class. More Desirable: He was a student in Professor Adams' class. However: He was a student in Professor Weiss's class. Cross Reference: Contractions 缩约词,通过省略或结合⼀个较长短语中的某些⾳素⽽形成的词,如从 will not来的won't,或短语如从 of the clock来的 o'clock。

英文法律文书的简明教程

英文法律文书的简明教程

英文法律文书的简明教程逗号的用法是正确运用标点进程中最复杂,最容易产生误解的问题之一。

在一些情形中,存在着被普遍同意的用法。

但是在另一些情形下,却有不只一种用法。

学生常常以为,担忧标点的用法有点好笑:毕竟,法律分析才是最重要的呀。

可是,假设一个人申请一份工作或向上级提交书面报告,没有什么会比轻忽标点运用大体规那么更易给人留下负面印象的了。

毕竟,一名高级律师是决可不能情愿去更正一名低级律师的逗号的用法的。

Comma usage is one of the most complex, and most misunderstood, questions of proper punctuation. In some cases there are widely accepted rules governing comma usage; in a few cases, there is more than one acceptable approach. Students often think it''s silly to worry about things such as punctuation: after all, isn''t the legal analysis what really counts? However, when one applies for a job or submits written work to a supervisor, nothing will leave a more negative impression than ignorance of the basic rules of punctuation. After all, the last thing a senior attorney wants to do is correct a junior attorney''scomma usage.1.当你用一个短语或从属分句开始一个句子,并随后引入一个独立分句时,用逗号分隔。

法律文书,英语

法律文书,英语

法律文书,英语篇一:英文法律文书写作选词、用词英文法律文书写作选词、用词相同概念,相同用词应保证使用同一单词表述同一概念,避免使用不同的单词表述同一概念。

如在叙述某一辆轿车时,不要既用“thecar”,又用“thevehicle”来表述,否则会引起不必要的误解,例如:Eventhoughthedefendantcommentedthatwhileinprobationhehadabettedtw ominorsinpettylarceny,thisadmissionofillegalityisnotrelevanttothepresentc ase.本句缺陷在于“commented”与“admission”实际表述有些微差别,应将“commented”改为“admitted”。

[参考译文]即便被告承认在缓刑期间他曾教唆两名未成年人盗窃,但对该不法行为的承认与目前案件无关。

顺手牵羊叫shoplifting,抢劫是robbery,武装抢劫armedrobbery,强奸是rape,偷窃的小case是pettytheft,大case是larceny,更大案件grandlarceny,半夜闯空门则是burglary.走私毒品drugtrafficking,重伤害seriousassault,殴打assaultandbattery,纵火arson.像这些字都常在警匪片中出现。

律师的不同称谓一般来说,attorney指某一特定案件中代理一方应诉的律师。

[例句1]attorneySchwartzmovedforanewtrial.施瓦兹律师请求法院再审此案。

[例句2]Theattorneyforthedefenseobjectedtothequestion.被告律师反对这个问题。

lawyer是社会对律师的泛称。

[例句]Severalhundredlawyersattendedlastyear’saBaconvention.几百名律师参加了去年全美律师协会的会议。

法律文书英文

法律文书英文

法律文书英文篇一:法律文书翻译法律文书翻译一、定义(definitionoflegalinstrument) Legalinstrumentisalegaltermofartthatisusedforanyformallyexecutedwritte ndocument.二、分类(categories)courtwritorprocess,oranylawpassedbyacompetentlegislativebo dyinmunicipal(domestic)orinternationallaw.三、基本原则(Basicprinciples)对于法律翻译,译者不宜片面追求形式上的对等,要求译文的词类、语序和句子结构与原文基本保持一致。

法律文件的翻译质量必须用译员对译文的反映程度来衡量。

法律文体的翻译应该遵循奈达提出的“功能对等”翻译原则,即“译文读者对译文的反应等值于原文读者对原文的反应。

1.公正性(impartiality)是法律专业人员要遵守的最为基本的原则。

2.准确性(veracity):要求语言使用者对法律概念及所涉及的行为进行严格表达。

3.合适性(appropriateness):合适性反映翻译的度,主要是对文本原意传达的充分程度。

4.简洁,精练(conciseness):Thesimplest,mostconciseEnglishisthebestforlegislation:四、用词的基本特点(Featuresofwords)1.措词精确、避免歧义(precisewords)原文:自9月20日起,甲方无权接受任何订单或收据。

原译:Partyashallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyorderortoacceptanyorderstocollecta nyaccountafterSeptember20.改译:Partyashallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyorderortoacceptanyorderstocollecta nyaccountonandafterSeptember20.2.惯用副词(adverbs)hereafter=afterthistime;今后hereby=bymeans/reasonofthis;特此herein=inthis;此中,于此hereinafter=laterinthiscontract;在下文thereafter=afterwards;此后,后来thereby=bythatmeans;因此;由此;在那方面therein=fromthat;在那里;在那点上thereinafter=laterinthesamecontract;以下;在下文whereby=bywhat;bywhich;由是;凭那个wherein=inwhat;inwhich;在哪里;在哪点上3.词语多并列(parallelwords)为表意准确,行文中大量使用词语并列结构,用“and”或“or”把两个或多个短语并列起来。

英文法律文书课堂笔记

英文法律文书课堂笔记

英文法律文书课堂笔记第一章会议纪要写作性质:会议纪要是律师的工作文件之一,是律师参与会议并根据会谈笔录整理的文件,能体现双方的交易意向,但在一般情况下对双方没有法律约束力(non-legally binding)。

第一部分:名称会议纪要的抬头通常写为:Summary of Talks on XXX例如:(1)Summary of Talks on Technology Transfer(2)Summary of Talks on the Purchase and Sale of Computers第二部分:引言会议纪要的引言主要包括:主体的描述、会议时间、地点等信息。

大家可以按以下方式写引言部分,具体内容可根据具体交易变更(下同):A trade talks on computer purchase was being held in Beijing International Trade Center, by and between ABC Company, with is registered office at ( ), Beijing, China(Party A) and XYZ Company, with is registered office at ( ), New York, USA(Party B) on Dec. 25, 2005. After sound and definite negotiations, both parties have achieved complete success and reached an identity of the following view:第三部分:正文部分正文部分是会议纪要最重要的部分,体现了交易双方的交易意向。

由于具体交易的内容不同,所以该部分也没有一种特定的格式。

只需要把内容分项说清即可。

该部分应特别注意两点:一是该部分常用到“应当如何如何”的表述,可以表述为shall be或者should be。

制作法律文书英语作文模板

制作法律文书英语作文模板

制作法律文书英语作文模板Title: Template for Drafting Legal Documents in English。

Introduction。

Drafting legal documents in English requires a highlevel of precision, clarity, and attention to detail. Whether you are a lawyer, legal assistant, or law student,it is essential to have a solid understanding of the key components and structure of legal documents. In thisarticle, we will provide a comprehensive template for drafting various types of legal documents in English, including contracts, agreements, pleadings, and more.1. Heading。

The heading of a legal document typically includes the following information:Title: The title should clearly indicate the type ofdocument, such as "Contract for Sale of Goods" or "Settlement Agreement."Parties: The names and addresses of the partiesinvolved in the transaction or legal matter should beclearly identified.Date: The date of the document should be clearly stated, including the day, month, and year.2. Introduction。

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英文法律文书简明教程(十)
1. Avoid using contractions in formal writing.
A contraction is a combination of two words as one, such as “don’t,” “can’t,” and “isn’t.” The use of contractions is inappropriate in formal legal writing. Replace them with the two-word version of the contraction.
在正式写作中应避免使用缩写形式。

缩写即是将两个词合二为一,比如“don’t,” “can’t,”
和”isn’t”。

在正式的法律文书中使用缩写形式是不规范的。

Incorrect: He can’t guarantee that the defendant will appear because the defendant hasn’t called him in several days.
Correct: He can not guarantee that the defendant will appear because the defendant has not called him in several days.
2. Remember: “It’s” is the contraction of “it is.” The term “its” is the singular possessive of
“it.” The term “it’s,” by contrast, is the contraction of “it is.”
记住:“It’s”是“it is”的缩写形式,而“its”是“it”的单数所有格形式。

Correct use as Possessive: 所有格的正确使用:My ‘68 Mustang is on its last journey.
Correct use as Contraction: 缩写形式的正确使用:It’s a long way from Tipperary.
Cross References: Apostrophes, Possessives 参考:省略符号,所有格。

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