Redhat Linux04-磁盘管理
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8
The fdisk Command
• Use to create partitions on disks • Partition table stored in sector 0 of disk • Maximum of 15 partitions per disk • Internal SAS disks are /dev/sd[a-p] • Partition devices are /dev/sd[a-p][1-15] • Obtains disk geometry automatically
• Can support RAID levels 1 and “10” • Systems support hot spare disks
4
Overview of mdadm Command
• Used to configure and manage RAID volumes • Has arguments to support the following operations:
• Create RAID arrays • Query RAID arrays • Start/stop a RAID array • Mark a disk as faulty
• Configuration file is /etc/mdadm.conf
5
Mirrored Boot Disk
• Boot disk partitions are mirrored at installation time • Both disks are bootable
9
fdisk Command Options
-l
List partition table
-u
When listing partition table, show
sizes in sectors and not cylinders
-s partition Print size of the partition in blocks
-v
Print version number
10
fdisk Command Arguments
m Print this menu
a Toggle a bootable flag
• Both disks contain the GRUB bootloader
• Disk mirroring is performed by Linux software
6
Default Boot Disk Partitions on Internal Disks
Mount Points
/boot
5 Disk 管理
Internal Disks—Device Names
The illustration shows the disks’ static udev names, which are based on the slot each disk occupies. You can use these udev names with standard Linux commands, but disk kernel names appear in files such as /var/log/messages and /proc/mdstat.
2
Internal Disks—Mirroring Conventions
To standardize and simplify disk administration, mirror a disk from one enclosure with the disk in the same relative location from the other enclosure (for example): /dev/sda with /dev/sdi /dev/sdf with /dev/sdn
3
Internal Disk Management
• Uses Linux software RAID for fault tolerance • Manage the RAID arrays with mdadm
• Multiple Devices Admin • Creates, manages, and monitors RAID arrays • RAID arrays are /dev/mdXX
/dev/md2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdi3
/dev/md3 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdi5
7
Leabharlann Baidu
Managing Partitions
• You can use the fdisk or sfdisk utilities to display and change a disk's partition table and geometry (see fdisk(8) and sfdisk(8) for details).
Size
256 MB
(swap)
16 GB
/ (root)
32 GB (depending on disk size)
/var/crash 24 GB
RAID Array Mirrored Partitions
/dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdi1
/dev/md1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdi2
• During the Linux operating system installation, all of the mirrored boot partitions are created as type 0xfd (Linux RAID autodetect).
• After the installation, use the fdisk command to add data disks with the type 0x83 (Linux). Both disks of a RAID pair must have the same geometry, partition table, and type.
The fdisk Command
• Use to create partitions on disks • Partition table stored in sector 0 of disk • Maximum of 15 partitions per disk • Internal SAS disks are /dev/sd[a-p] • Partition devices are /dev/sd[a-p][1-15] • Obtains disk geometry automatically
• Can support RAID levels 1 and “10” • Systems support hot spare disks
4
Overview of mdadm Command
• Used to configure and manage RAID volumes • Has arguments to support the following operations:
• Create RAID arrays • Query RAID arrays • Start/stop a RAID array • Mark a disk as faulty
• Configuration file is /etc/mdadm.conf
5
Mirrored Boot Disk
• Boot disk partitions are mirrored at installation time • Both disks are bootable
9
fdisk Command Options
-l
List partition table
-u
When listing partition table, show
sizes in sectors and not cylinders
-s partition Print size of the partition in blocks
-v
Print version number
10
fdisk Command Arguments
m Print this menu
a Toggle a bootable flag
• Both disks contain the GRUB bootloader
• Disk mirroring is performed by Linux software
6
Default Boot Disk Partitions on Internal Disks
Mount Points
/boot
5 Disk 管理
Internal Disks—Device Names
The illustration shows the disks’ static udev names, which are based on the slot each disk occupies. You can use these udev names with standard Linux commands, but disk kernel names appear in files such as /var/log/messages and /proc/mdstat.
2
Internal Disks—Mirroring Conventions
To standardize and simplify disk administration, mirror a disk from one enclosure with the disk in the same relative location from the other enclosure (for example): /dev/sda with /dev/sdi /dev/sdf with /dev/sdn
3
Internal Disk Management
• Uses Linux software RAID for fault tolerance • Manage the RAID arrays with mdadm
• Multiple Devices Admin • Creates, manages, and monitors RAID arrays • RAID arrays are /dev/mdXX
/dev/md2 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdi3
/dev/md3 /dev/sda5 /dev/sdi5
7
Leabharlann Baidu
Managing Partitions
• You can use the fdisk or sfdisk utilities to display and change a disk's partition table and geometry (see fdisk(8) and sfdisk(8) for details).
Size
256 MB
(swap)
16 GB
/ (root)
32 GB (depending on disk size)
/var/crash 24 GB
RAID Array Mirrored Partitions
/dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdi1
/dev/md1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdi2
• During the Linux operating system installation, all of the mirrored boot partitions are created as type 0xfd (Linux RAID autodetect).
• After the installation, use the fdisk command to add data disks with the type 0x83 (Linux). Both disks of a RAID pair must have the same geometry, partition table, and type.