09. Time Stamping - CN

7
Control Expert中的系统时间戳(续)
Operator Stations
System Servers
Modicon M580
Modicon X80 Remote I/O
来源
- 专用的 ERT 模块 - ERIO配置中的任何 IO 模块 - 来源彼此是独立的
OFS 服务器
- 直接访问来源 - 传送时间戳数据 - 与OPC DA 协议一致
记录缓冲区存储这些数据. ● PLC 应用程序把PLC原始记录数据转换成用户格式的记录并存储他们. ● 监控应用程序使用这些用户格式的记录.
M580 Configuration V1.0
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020
- 任何 I/O 变量可以打上时间戳 - PLC 内部变量扫描时间
可用的
-方案可兼容冗余配置 -可以在PLC级冗余或SCADA级冗余或二者兼有
M580 Configuration V1.0
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020
3
Control Expert中的应用式时间戳
● 应用式时间戳给PLC应用程序提供时间戳事件缓冲区，目的是为了让第三方SCADA不通过OFS/OPC DA的接口也能访问.
2
Control Expert中的时间戳
● 在Control Expert 中实现时间戳有两个可用的方案, 他们都很容易实现，并且几乎可以在任何环境下被选择使用.
● 应用式 ● 系统
系统的和可适用的时间戳模式是运行在PAC中的相同Control Expert应用程序所独有的.
M580 Configuration V1.0
8
系统时间戳益处
● 这里有许多系统时间戳的益处:
● 无需PLC编程 ● 在时间戳模块和客户端之间直接通信. 如果时间戳模块在Modicon X80远程
I/O子站中, PLC的通信带宽不被占用. ● 在过程(时间戳模块) 和客户端 (SCADA)之间数据(I/O 值)的一致性. ● 与每个时间戳事件相关的时间质量信息. ● 在正常操作条件下无事件丢失:
SCADA
- 兼容任何 SCADA (符合OPC DA客户端规则) - 兼容任何报警任务 - 针对Vijeo Citect 进行优化
M580 Configuration V1.0
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020
9
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
系统时间戳局限性
● 任何方案都有其限制，注意如下项:
● 内部PLC变量可以使用源时间戳方案来标记时间戳. ● 无转换沿选择: 事件检测是基于值变化沿（上升和下降）进行处理的. ● 一个Modicon X80 以太网RIO 子站支持最多36个专家模块. BMX ERT 1604T 模
● 用户可以把从时间戳事件缓冲区中读取的事件的格式转换为专门针对第三方SCADA的用户格式.
M580 Configuration V1.0
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020
4
Control Expert中的应用式适用时间戳
●A buffer is available to store the events in 每个时间戳模块中都有存储事件的缓冲区. 当这个缓冲区满了事件存储就会停止. ● 每一个离散量I/O的上升和下降沿转换都将被存储. ● 支持PLC的热备或冗余的SCADA.
M580 Configuration V1.0
● 一个事件就是一个由时间戳模块所侦测到的离散量 I/O 值的变化.
● 应用式时间戳提供一个一致的SOE (事件序列), 由时间源标识了时间戳.
● 时间戳事件被如下所述的方式管理:
● 每个时间戳模块在本地缓冲区中记录事件. ● PLC 应用程序从模块的本地缓冲区中访问时间戳事件，并且在PLC原始数据
SCADA.
Modicon M580
Modicon X80 Remote I/O
M580 Configuration V1.0
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020
6
Control Expert中的系统时间戳(续)
Operator Stations
System Servers
Modicon M580
Modicon X80 Remote I/O
简单的
- 无需 PLC 或 SCADA 编程 - 时间戳变量作为有规律的数据被管理 (象DCS) - 即插即用方案
可扩展的 (3 可能的来源)
-ERT模块可以精确到1 ms分辨率 -CRA 子站可以到10 ms 分辨率
5
Control Expert中的系统时间戳
● 系统时间戳提供一致的SOE (事件序列 ), 由时间源标识了时间戳.
● SOE 在报警汇总或客户端的SOE页面上显示 (例如SCADA).
Operator Stations
System Servers
● 每一个SOE中时间戳事件的源头是由时间戳模块所侦测出的一个离散量 I/O的值变化, 这个事件经过OFS直接传输给
M580 配置
时间戳 V1.1
时间戳
章节一览
● 时间戳介绍 ● 组件 ● 时间同步 ● BMX ERT 1604 T ● 软件实现
M580 Configuration V1.0
Schneider Electric | Industry Business | Training | October 12, 2020

合集下载

冲压模具空步英文缩写

冲压模具空步英文缩写Idle Stroke in Stamping Dies.Definition:In the context of stamping dies, an idle stroke refers to the portion of the die cycle during which the punch is retracted from the workpiece without performing any forming operation. It is also known as the "up stroke" or "return stroke".Purpose:The idle stroke serves several important functions in the stamping process:Retracting the Punch: The idle stroke allows the punch to be withdrawn from the workpiece, creating clearance for the removal of the finished part.Resetting the Die: During the idle stroke, the die components are returned to their original positions, preparing them for the next stamping cycle.Allowing Material Flow: The idle stroke provides time for the workpiece material to flow back to its original shape after being deformed by the punch. This helps minimize springback and ensure dimensional accuracy.Cooling the Die: The idle stroke allows the die components to cool down, preventing excessive wear and thermal damage.Design Considerations:The design of the idle stroke is crucial for theoverall efficiency and effectiveness of the stamping die. Key factors to consider include:Stroke Length: The idle stroke length is determined by the clearance required for part removal and the time needed for material flow and die cooling.Acceleration and Deceleration: The acceleration and deceleration profiles of the idle stroke should becarefully designed to minimize shock and vibration that can damage the die or workpiece.Dwell Time: A dwell time may be incorporated into the idle stroke to allow sufficient time for material flow and die cooling.Lubrication: Proper lubrication is essential to reduce friction and wear during the idle stroke.Optimization:Optimizing the idle stroke can improve stamping productivity and reduce downtime. Strategies for optimization include:Reducing Stroke Length: Minimizing the idle stroke length can reduce cycle time and increase productivity.Smoothing Acceleration and Deceleration: Gradual acceleration and deceleration profiles can reduce shock and vibration, extending the lifespan of the die.Minimizing Dwell Time: Reducing dwell time can improve productivity, but it is important to ensure sufficient time for material flow and die cooling.Using High-Performance Lubricants: Employing high-quality lubricants can reduce friction and wear, leading to longer die life and improved part quality.Conclusion:The idle stroke plays a vital role in stamping dies, ensuring the efficient and accurate production of stamped parts. Its design and optimization are critical for maximizing productivity, minimizing downtime, and extending the lifespan of the die.。

简述数字时间戳及其原理。

数字时间戳（ Digital（Time-Stamping，DTS）是一种用于证明数据完整性和来源的技术。

它通过将数据与一个精确到毫秒的时间标记相关联，来确保数据的不可篡改性和真实性。

数字时间戳的原理是将数据和时间信息一起加密，生成一个唯一的、不可更改的数字签名。

数字时间戳的工作原理如下：首先，用户需要向时间戳服务器发送要进行时间戳认证的数据。

然后，时间戳服务器会对该数据进行哈希运算，生成一个唯一的哈希值。

接着，时间戳服务器会用自己的私钥对哈希值进行加密，生成一个数字签名。

最后，时间戳服务器将加密后的数字签名和原始数据一起返回给用户。

当用户需要验证数据的真实性时，只需将数据提交给时间戳服务器。

服务器会对数据进行同样的哈希运算，并使用自己的公钥解密数字签名。

如果解密后的哈希值与用户提交的哈希值相同，那么数据就被认为是真实的。

数字时间戳技术通过将数据与精确的时间标记相结合，为数据提供了一种可靠的完整性和来源证明机制。

它在金融、法律、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

英语语法智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年黑龙江科技大学

第一章测试1.This technique is useful but it has its limitations .（）A:错B:对答案:B2.Bankruptcy is a real possibility if sales don’t improve.（）A:对B:错答案:A3.Acting (act) on a good idea is better than just having a good idea.（）A:对B:错答案:A4.The teacher assigned us a lot of homework, but we had no time for theseassignments (assign).（）A:对B:错答案:A5.This is the most effective way to cure your illness.（）A:错B:对答案:B6.一个句子按照语法结构可以通过切分法从上到下层层切分为：句子、分句、词组、词和词素五个层次。

（）A:错B:对答案:B7.词素是最小的语法单位，也是最小的语义单位，有自由词素和粘附词素两大类。

（）A:错B:对答案:B8.名词复数标记-s/es, 名词所属格标记-’s，形容词、副词比较级和最高级标记-er, -est等都属于粘附词素中的派生词缀。

（）A:对B:错答案:B9.前缀un-, non-, in-, dis-等都可以表示否定含义，如unfair, nonsmoker,inflame, discover。

（）A:错B:对答案:A10.英语的后缀具有较强的语法作用，加在词根上构成派生词，往往不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性，如：-ness, -ment, -ly。

（）A:对B:错答案:A第二章测试1.This bag ____ his; he left for Beijing yesterday. （）答案:B2.You need to ____ before posting it. （）A:have the letter stampingB:have the letter stampedC:be stamped your letterD:have the letter to stamp答案:B3.You __________ your children paint on the wall. （）答案:A4.I __________ have had some experiences in dealing with him. （）A:am supposed toB:am bound toC:happen toD:turn out to答案:C5.Before his retirement he _______ catch the early bus every morning. （）A:couldB:wouldC:willD:might答案:B6.A: You complained to the manager, of course?B: No. I asked to speak to himbut he would not come to the phone.A: You should have insisted.（）A:错B:对答案:B7.The Great Wall is the fruit of labor, sweat and blood, and embodies thewisdom of the ancient Chinese people.（）A:对B:错答案:A8.They shouldn’t be allowed to get away with it. 句中allow是单宾语动词。

DINION IP 5000 MP摄像头浏览器界面手册说明书

Bosch Security Systems
| zh-CHS 3
11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 19 19 20 20 22 22 22 22 22 23
2015.04 | v1.592 | AM18-Q0678zh
4 zh-CHS |
4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.5 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5
编码器
音频
录像
系统概述
常规设置
标识
命名 ID iSCSI Initiator extension Password
输入密码 Confirm password Date/Time Date format Device date / Device time Device time zone Daylight saving time Time server IP address Time server type Display Stamping Camera name stamping Time stamping Display milliseconds Alarm mode stamping Alarm message
6 zh-CHS |
7.3 7.3.1 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.9.1 7.9.2 7.9.3 7.10 8 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.1.6 8.1.7 8.1.8 8.1.9 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.3

证书代码

Windows 系统组件验证 (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.6)
代码签名 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3)
时间戳 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8)
加密文件系统 (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.4)
服务器身份验证 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1)
IP 安全终端系统 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.5)
URL=/pki/certs/MicrosoftRootAuthority.crt
服务器身份验证 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1)
客户端身份验证 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2)
代码签名 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3)
代码签名 (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3)
Full Name:
Directory Address:
CN=crl102_0
OU=CRL
CN=ROOTCA
O=OSCCA
C=CN
[2]CRL Distribution Point
Distribution Point Name:
Full Name:
[1]CRL Distribution Point
Distribution Point Name:
Full Name:
URL=/sfsca-crl.crl
[1]CRL Distribution Point
Distribution Point Name:
[3]CRL Distribution Point
Distribution Point Name:
Full Name:
URL=/carl/carl.crl

Pendulum CNT-90XL 脉冲RF计数分析仪数据表说明书

Counter/Analyzer is an excellent tool for measurement, analysis and calibration of Microwave Frequency, Power, and Pulsed RF time parameters like pulse width and PRI. Whether in test systems, on the R&D bench, in the calibration lab or out in the field, the high-resolution and ultra-fast CNT-90XL is the state-of-the-art Microwave Counter/Analyzer. The NEW option for pulsed RF makes CNT-90XL ideal for radar test and calibration. The CNT-90XL offers a unique ease-of-use with graphical display and improved control over measurement at an affordable price.The Fastest Microwave CounterThe CNT-90XL Microwave Counter/Analyzer sets a new industry standard for microwave frequency analysis and outperforms any microwave Pulse or CW counter on the market regarding resolution, speed and acquisition time. The CNT-90XL is the worlds fastest Microwave counter and offers a measurement speed up to 250,000 frequency samples/s, for advanced statistical analysis, and for analysis of frequency or power transients.The NEW Pulsed RF option enables measurements of pulses down to 30 ns width, plus PRI/PRF, frequency in burst and power in burst.The multi-functional CNT-90XL also serves as a 400 MHz general purpose timer/counter, with unique ease-of-use with analysis capabilities to view variations in signal parameters both numerically and graphically.Save money in production testThe CNT-90XL is intended for several applications, such as:• Pulsed, Chirped, and Doppler Radar testing and calibration• Microwave link carrier calibration• Satellite communication equipment testing• RF and microwave instrumentation calibration• RF components and modules, including YIG and VCO testing• Medical RF equipment testing Product Features And Benefits• Pulsed RF measurements (optional) includes Pulse Width to 30 ns, PRI/PRF, Frequency in Burst, Power in Burst• Fast high-resolution frequency or power measurements, for modulation, doppler shifts, or transient analysis• Very short acquisition time of 25 ms (Auto) or zero (Manual)• High sensitivity (-33 dBm)• Statistical processing and graphical histogram, trend and modulation display• Affordable microwave frequency countingProduct Features And Benefits• High resolution is vital for R&D and production testing. CNT-90XL meets this requirement with 100 ps single shot (time) or 12 digits/s (frequency). Obtained values are displayed with up to 14 digits.• For calibration purposes, the CNT-90XL offers very high accuracy through stable internal OCXO time base, plus high resolution.• Both USB and GPIB interfaces are standard. With USB you won’t need to invest in a GPIB interface card for your PC. The GPIB operates in either SCPI/GPIB or 53131 emulation mode, for plug-and-play replacement in existing ATE systems.• Menu-oriented settings reduce the risk of mistakes. Valuable signal information, given in multi-parameter displays, removes the need for other instruments like DVM’s and Scopes.Battery OptionThe CNT-90XL has an optional battery pack with 90 Wh capacity, capable of mains-free operation for at least 4.5 hours. In stand-by mode the battery pack can keep an OCXO warm and running for over 24 hours. Battery operation of a frequency counter/analyzer is valuable in three different applications:• Transportation of high-stability OCXO to maintain stability, which gives instant use at destination without any warm-up time• Battery backup acting as a built in UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)TimeView®, Modulat ion Domain Analysis SWThe optional Modulation Domain SW TimeView® is the ultimate tool to view and analyze dynamic frequency changes in real-time, utilizing the high-resolution PC screen, marker read-outs and processing, FFT calculation to find modulation frequencies, ADEV calculation of short-term stability and more.Excellent Graphical PresentationOne of the great features of the CNT-90XL is the graphical display and the menu oriented settings. The non-expert can easily make correct settings without risking costly mistakes. The multi-parameter display shows auxiliary measurement values such as Power level in dBm in Frequency measurements.Measurement values are presented both numerically and graphically. The graphical presentation of results (histograms, trends etc.) gives a much better understanding of the nature of signal jitter. It also provides you with a much better view of changes vs time, from long term trends like slow drift, to fast modulation and transients. Three statistical views of the same data set can be viewed: Numerical, Histogram and Modulation/T rend. It is very easy to capture and toggle between views of the same data.When adjusting a frequency source to given limits, the Limit qualifying tool gives fast and accurate visual guidance. T olerance limit markers are visually displayed and the actual frequency is graphically displayed inside or outside the limit markers. Passing the limits will cause an alarm indication.The graphical display examples below show the frequency changes over time directly on-screen, for example Doppler frequency shift in speed radar sensors, fast power switching, FM or AM. Builtin statistical processing presents numerical stability data and also frequency distribution histograms on-screen for analysis of frequency stability or modulation.Figure 2:Pulse modulated frequency or FSKFigure 3:Generator start-up power settlingFigure 4:Very small AM on carrier is visualizedFigure 5:Numeric statistics screen of the previous AM signalFigure 6:Power step from generator (-30 to -5dBm in 5dBm steps) NOTE: output is turned off shortly betw. power stepsFigure 7:Power step (close up)Figure 1:1kHz FM with 12 ppm modulation depthMeasuring FunctionsFrequency A, B, CRange:Input A, B: 0.002 Hz to 400 MHzInput C: 300 MHz to 27, 40, 46 or 60 GHz Resolution: 12 digits in 1s measuring time Acquisition C: Auto or ManualAcquisition time: 25 ms in Auto (typ.)*Note: Some frequencies may not be acquired correctly with Auto Acquisition. If so, switch to Manual Acquisition instead Aux. Parameters:Input A, B: Vmax, Vmin, Vp-pInput C: Power C in dBm or WFrequency Burst A, BRange:Input A, B: 0.002 Hz to 400 MHzInput C: Requires option 28 - see “Pulsed RF” specs Minimum Burst Duration: Down to 40 ns Minimum Pulses in Burst:Input A or B: 3 (6 above 160 MHz)PRF Range: 0.5 Hz to 1MHzStart Delay: 10 ns to 2sec., 10 ns resolution Aux. Parameter: PRFPeriod A, B (single or average), C (average) Mode: Single, AverageRange:Input A, B: 2.5 ns to 1000 sInput C: 3.3 ns down to 37, 25, 22 or 17 ps Resolution: 100 ps (single); 12 digits/s (avg) Acquisition C: Auto or ManualAcquisition time: 25 ms in Auto (typ.)Aux. Parameters: See Freq. A, B, or C measurements Ratio A/B, B/A, C/A, C/BRange: (10-9) to 1011Input Frequency:Input A, B: 0.1 Hz to 300 MHzInput C: 300 MHz to 27, 40, 46 or 60 GHzAux Parameters: Freq 1, Freq 2Time Interval A to B, B to A, A to A, B to B Range:Normal Calculation: 0ns to +106 sec.Smart Calculation: -106 sec. to +106 sec. Resolution: 100 psMin. Pulse Width: 1.6 nsSmart Calculation: Smart Time Interval to determine sign (A before B or A after B) Positive and Negative Pulse Width A, B Range: 2.3 ns to 106 sec.Min. Pulse Width: 2.3 nsAux. Parameters: Vmax,Vmin, Vp-pRise and Fall Time A, BRange: 1.5 ns to 106 sec.Trigger Levels: 10% and 90% of signal Vp-p Min. Pulse Width: 1.6 nsAux. Parameters: Slew rate, Vmax, Vmin Positive and Negative Duty Factor A, B Range: 0.000001 to 0.999999Freq. Range: 0.1 Hz to 300 MHzAux. parameters: Period, pulse widthPhase A Relative B, B Relative ARange: -180° to +360°Resolution: Single-cycle: 0.001° to 10 kHz, decreasing to 1° >10 MHz. Resolution can be improved via averaging (statistics)Freq. Range: up to 160 MHzAux. Parameters: Freq (A), Va/Vb (in dB)Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, BRange: -50 V to +50 V, -5V to +5VRange is limited by the specifi cation for max i nputvoltage without damage (see input A, B)Freq. Range: DC, 1Hz to 300 MHzMode: Vmax, Vmin, Vp-pResolution: 2.5 mVUncertainty (5V range, typical):DC, 1Hz to 1kHz: 1% +15 mV1kHz to 20 MHz: 3% +15 mV20 to 100 MHz: 10% +15 mV100 to 300 MHz: 30% +15 mVAux parameters: Vmin, Vmax, Vp-pTime Stamping A, B, CRaw time stamp data together with pulse countson inputs A, B or C, accessible via GPIB or USBonly.Max Sample Speed: See GPIB specificationsMax Frequency: 160 MHzTimestamp Resolution: 70 psPower CRange:Power: -35 dBm to +10 dBmFrequency: 300 MHz to 27, 40, 46 or 60 GHzDisplay units: dBm (default) or WResolution: 0.01 dBm @100 ms measuring timeAccuracy (typ.): <1dBm to 27 GHz;<2dBm to 40 GHz; <3dBm to 60 GHzAcquisition:Auto or Manual (within ±40 MHz)Acquisition time: 20 to 30 ms in Auto (typ.)Aux.Parameters: Frequency CPulsed RF parameters (Option 28)Pulse ON voltage range:0.4 to 40 GHz: -15 dBm to +13 dBm(-20 dBm typ. to +13 dBm)40 to 46 GHz: -10 dBm (typ.) to +13 dBm46 to 60 GHz: 0 dBm (typ.) to +10 dBmMin ON/OFF ratio: 15 dBPulse WidthRange: 30 ns to 1 sec.Resolution: 200 ps rmsAccuracy: <10 ns+TBE*P_widthPRI (pulse repetition interval)Range: 60 ns to 1 sec.Resolution: 200 ps rmsAccuracy: <2 ns +TBE*PRI*PRF (pulse repetition frequency)Range: 1 Hz to 16.7 MHz (20 MHz typ.)Resolution: (200ps/Meas_time)*PRF HzFrequency in BurstRange: 400 MHz to 60 GHzPulse width: down to 100 nsResolution: (50ps/ √N/Gate_time)*FREQ Hz*Acquisition: ManualPeak Power in BurstRange: - 20dBm to +10 dBmPulse width: down to 50 usAcquisition: ManualResolution: 0.1 dBm < 1ms pulse0.01 dBm>1ms pulse* N = number of RF pulses during total measurement* TBE=number of RF pulses during total measurement (e.g. 6E-8)*Gate=meas. time inside each RF pulseInput and Output SpecificationsInputs A and BFrequency Range:DC-Coupled: DC to 400 MHzAC-Coupled: 10 Hz to 400 MHzImpedance: 1MΩ // 20 pF or 50 Ω (VSWR ≤2:1)Trigger Slope: Positive or negativeMax. Channel Timing Difference: 500 psSensitivity:DC-200 MHz: 15 mVrms200-300 MHz: 25 mVrms300-400 MHz: 35 mVrmsAttenuation: x1, x10Dynamic Range (x1):30 mVp-p to 10 Vp-p within ±5V windowTrigger Level: Read-Out on displayResolution: 3mVUncertainty (x1): ±(15 mV + 1% of trigger level)AUTO T rigger Level: Automatically set to 50% point ofinput signal (10% and 90% for Rise Fall Time)AUTO Hysteresis:Freq. range: 1Hz to 300 MHzTime: Min hysteresis window (hysteresis compensation)Frequency: 40% of input signal amplitude (typ.)Analog LP Filter: Nominal 100 kHz, RC-type.Digital LP Filter:1Hz to 50 MHz cut-off frequencyMax Voltage Without Damage:1M: 350 V (DC + AC pk) to 440 Hz, falling to 12Vrms at 1MHz; 50Ω : 12 VrmsConnector: BNCInput CFreq. Range: 0.3 to 27, 40, 46, 60 GHz dependingon modelOperating input voltage range:0.3 to 18 GHz: -33 to +13 dBm18 to 20 GHz: -29 to +13 dBm20 to 27 GHz: -27 to +13 dBm27 to 40 GHz: -23 to +13 dBm40 to 46 GHz: -17 to +13 dBm46 to 60 GHz: -15 to +10 dBmImpedance: 50Ω nominal, AC coupledVSWR:0.3 to 27 GHz: <2.0:1 (typ.)27 to 46 GHz: <2.5:1 (typ.)46 to 60 GHz: <3.0:1 (typ.)FM tolerance:Manual acq.: 50 MHz p-p; freq C >3.5 GHz30 MHz p-p; freq C <3.5 GHzAuto acq.: 20 MHz p-p; for any freq C andmodulation frequency > 0.1 MHzAM tolerance:Any modulation index (minimum signal must bewithin sensitivity range)Automatic Amplitude Discrimination:10 dB separation between 2 signals within30 MHz, 20 dB otherwiseMax Voltage Without Damage: +25 dBmOverload indication:ON when input C power >+10 dBmConnector:27 and 40 GHz: 2.92 mm sparkplug female46 and 60 GHz: 1.85 mm sparkplug female(all connectors are field replaceable)Rear Panel Inputs and OutputsReference Input: 1, 5, or 10 MHz; 0.1 to 5Vrmssine; impedance ≥ 1kΩReference Output:10 MHz; >1Vrms sine into 50ΩArming Input:Arming of all measuring functionsImpedance: Approx. 1kΩFreq. Range: DC to 80 MHzConnector: BNC© Pendulum Instruments Measuring FunctionsTrigger Hold-OffTime Delay Range: 20 ns to 2sec., 10 ns resolutionExternal Start and Stop ArmingModes: Start and Stop ArmingInput Channels: A, B or E (Ext. Arming input)Max Rep. Rate for Arming Signal:Channel A, B: 160 MHz Channel E: 80 MHzStart Time Delay Range:20 ns to 2sec., 10 ns resolutionStatisticsFunctions: Maximum, Minimum, ΔMax-Min, Mean, Standard Deviation and Allan Deviation Display: Numeric, histograms or trend plots Sample Size: 2 to 2 x 109 samplesLimit Qualifier: OFF or Capture values above/below/inside or outside limitsMeasurement Pacing: 4s to 500 sec.MathematicsFunctions: (K*X+L)/M, (K/X+L)/M or X/M-1. X is current reading and K, L and M areconstants; set via keyboard or as frozen reference value (X 0)Other FunctionsMeasuring Time: 20 ns to 1000 s for Frequency, Burst, PRF, Period Average and Power.Single cycle for other measuring functions Timebase Reference:Internal, External or AutomaticDisplay Hold: Freezes result, until a new measurement is initiated via RestartLimit Alarm: Graphical indication on front panel and/or SRQ via GPIBLimit Values: Lower limit, Upper limitSettings: OFF or Alarm if value is above/below/inside or outside limitsOn Alarm: STOP or CONTINUE Display: Numeric + GraphicStored Instrument Set-ups: 20 instrument setups can be saved/recalled from internalnonvolatile memory. 10 can be user protected.Result Storage: Up to 8 measurements of max 32k samples can be stored in local memory for later downloading.Display: Backlit LCD Graphics screen for menu control, numerical read-out and status information Number of Digits: 14 digits in numerical mode Resolution: 320*97 pixelsGPIB InterfaceCompatibility: IEEE 488.2-1987, SCPI 1999 or 53131A/53132A compatibility mode Interface Functions:SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, DC1, DT1, E2Max. Measurement Rate:GPIB: 5k readings/s (block mode) 500 readings/s (individual GET trig’ed)T o Internal Memory: 250k readings/sInternal Memory Size: Up to 750k readings.USB InterfaceUSB Version: 2.0 Full speed (11 Mbits/s)CalibrationMode: Closed case, menu controlledCal. Frequencies: 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 1.544 and 2.048 MHzGeneral SpecificationsEnvironmental DataClass: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3Operating T emp: 0 °C to +50 °C Storage T emp: -40 °C to +71 °C Humidity: 5%-95% (10 °C to 30 °C)5%-75% (30 °C to 40 °C)5%-45% (40 °C to 50 °C)Altitude: 4 600 mVibration: Random and sinusoidal according to MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3Shock: Half-sine 30G per MIL-PRF-28800F Bench handlingTransit drop test: According to MIL-PRF-28800F Safety: EN 61010-1, pollution degree 2, meas cat I, CSA C22.2 No 1010-1, CEEMC: EN 61326 (1997); A1 (1998), increased test levels according to EN 50082-2, Group 1, Class B, CEMains power: 90 to 265 Vrms, 45 to 440 Hz, <40 W, <60 W if battery optionDimensions and WeightWidth x Height x Depth:210x90x395 mm (8.25x3.6x15.6 in)Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb),Shipping app. 3.5 kg (app. 7.5 lb)Ordering InformationBasic Models CNT-90XL-27G:27 GHz Microwave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL-40G:40 GHz Microwave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL-46G:46 GHz Microwave Counter/Analyzer CNT-90XL-60G:60 GHz Microwave Counter/AnalyzerTime Base: Medium Stability Oven Time Base;0.06 ppm/month as standardIncluded with Instrument: 3 years product warranty 1,line cord, user documentation on CD, andCertificate of Calibration1The warranty period may be dependent on country.Pulsed RF OptionOption 28: Pulsed RF measurementsTime Base OptionsOption 30/90: Very High Stability Oven Time Base; 0.01 ppm/monthOption 40/90: Ultra High Stability Oven Time Base; 0.003 ppm/monthOption 23/90 Battery UnitBattery Type: Li-Ion, 90 WhExternal DC input: 10 to 18 Vdc; max 6A Operating temp. range: 0 °C to 40 °C Storage: -20 °C to +60 °C, 1 month -20 °C to +45 °C, 3 months -20 °C to +20 °C, 1 yearBattery operating time (at 25°C):ON: >4.5 hoursStand-by: >24 hours Charging:Automatically when AC or ext DC is connected Battery status indicator:On-screen with Low battery warning Weight: 2.3 kg (4.9 lb)Optional AccessoriesOption 22/90: Rack-Mount Kit Option 27: Carrying Case - softOption 27H: Heavy-duty Hard T ransport Case Option 29/90: TimeView Modulation Domain Analysis SW for CNT-90XLOption 90/06: Calibration Certifi cate with Protocol; Oven oscillatorOption 90/00: Calibration Certifi cate with Protocol; Frequency aging/weekOption 95/05: Extended warranty from 3 to 5 yearsOM-90: Users Manual English (printed)PM-90: Programmers Manual English (printed)SM-90: Service Manual English GS-90-EN: Getting Started English GS-90-FR: Getting Started French GS-90-DE: Getting Started GermanTime Base OptionsOption model Standard:30/9040/90Time base type:OCXO OCXO OCXO Uncertainty due to:-Aging per 24h per month per year-T emperature variations: 0˚C to 50˚C 20˚C to 26˚C (typ. values)<5x10-9(1)<6x10-8<2x10-7<5x10-8<2x10-8<5x10-10(1)<1x10-8<5x10-8<5x10-9<1x10-9<3x10-10(1)<3x10-9<1.5x10-8<2.5x10-9<4x10-10Short-term stability: τ =1s (root Allan Variance) τ =10s<1x10-10<1x10-10<1x10-11<1x10-11<5x10-12<5x10-12Power-on stability:Deviation vs. fi nal value after 24 h on time, after a warm-up time of:<1x10-730 min<1x10-810 min<5x10-910 minTypical total uncertainty, for operating temperature 20˚C to 26˚C, at 2σ (95%) confi dence interval:-1 year after calibration -2 years after calibration<2.4x10-7<4.6x10-7<0.6x10-7<1.2x10-7<1.8x10-8<3.5x10-81After 1 month of continuous operation。

PKI中数字时间戳技术

第４３卷增刊１２００３年１０月大连理工大学学报ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＤａｌｉａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＶ０１．４３，Ｓ１ｏｃｔ．２００３文章编号：１０００—８６０８（２００３）Ｓ１一Ｓ０２７—０３ＰＫＩ中数字时问戳技术王勇’，朱方金，史清华（山东大学计算机科学与技术学院，山东济南２５００６１）摘要：首先从时间戳的必要性起，叙述了时间戳的基本要求和与之相关的可能出现的问题及解袭这些问题的方法；然后舟绍了时间戳的概惫和取得时间戳的流程；最后着重阐述了保证时问戳的可靠性和匿名性，并减少时阊戳确认时间的方法．关键词：数字时间戳；数字时间戳服务；时间戳权威中图分类号：ＴＰ３９３文献标识码：Ａ０引言随着互联网的快速发展，电子交易已逐渐进入人们的生活，电子交易的安全性也逐渐成为人们关注的主题．目前普遍采用的是公钥基础设施ＰＫＩ（ｐｕｂｌｉｃｋｅｙｉｎｆｒａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ）确保电子交易的安全．ＰＫＩ可以在电子化社会中建立人们之间的信任关系．但是要保证交易的防抵赖，依靠单纯的数字签名技术是无法实现的．因为要防止抵赖，不仅需要对交易数据进行数字签名，还必须保证此交易数据在某一时间之前的存在性．这通常要借助于时问戳来解决．１时间戳产生的必要性１．１电子商务交易的需要在一个典型的Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ交易中，交易双方是通过ＳＳＬ（ｓｅｃｕｒｅｓｏｃｋｅｔｌａｙｅｒ）建立端到端的安全链接，双方在这条安全的通道上进行交易，通过使用ＳＳＬ，交易数据的私密性、完整性以及发方鉴别都可得到解决．但是如何保证交易的不可否认性，单纯通过ＳＳＬ是无法实现的，１．２知识产权的需要互联网不但让人分享资源，而且还促进知识的交流．但部分人缺乏保护知识产权的意识，也不尊重别人的创作成果，肆意抄袭别人的作品，甚至据为己有．１．３增强ＰＫｌ服务ＰＫＩ数字签名的安全性直接依赖于用户私钥的保密，假如用户私钥意外失密，由该私钥产生的所有数字签名必须作废，可见，数字签名不具备永久验证性．要解决以上问题，就必须找出一个可靠有效的方法去证明资料存在的确实时间．ＰＫＩ中的时间戳技术可以用于核实网上交易的内容，见证知识产权的诞生，证实网上记录的完整性和真实性，避免网络交易纠纷，从而能有效勰决以上问题．２什么是时问戳数字时问戳可以为任何电子文件或网上交易提供准确的时间证明，并且可以检验出文件或交易的内容自加上时间戳后是否曾被人修改过．电子时问戳就如一个值得信赖的第三者或公证人，为人提供可靠的时间确认服务．数字时间戳技术是数字签名技术的一种变种的应用．在电子商务交易文件中，时间是十分重要的信息．在书面合同中，文件签署的日期和签名一样均是十分重要的防止文件被伪造和篡改的关键性内容．数字时间戳服务ＤＴＳ（ｄｉｇｉｔａｌｔｉｍｅｓｔａｍｐｓｅｒｖｉｃｅ）是网上电子商务安全服务项目之一，能提供电子文件的日期和时间信息的安全保护．时间戳是一个经加密后形成的凭证文档，它包括以下３个部分：（１）需要时间戳的文件的摘要；（２）ＤＴＳ收到文件的日期和时间；（３）ＤＴＳ的数字签名．所有电子数据或资料，不论是什么样的格式或内容，都可以加上数字时间戳．这个可靠的时间核证服务可应用于网上商务交易、电子邮件、加密信息、保障知识产权和其他需要准确时问证收稿Ｅｔ期ｔ２００３—０６—２５．作者筒介：王勇’（１９７９一），男，硕士生，Ｅ－ｍａｉｌｔｗａｒｔｇｙｏｎｇ＠ｍａ［ｔ．ｓｄｕ．ｅｄｕｃｎ．Ｓ２８大连理工大学学报第４３卷明的事务．３时问戳的工作流程数字时间戳的实行，必须要有一个公认的时问机关负责制造及确认时间戳．由于用户桌面时间很容易改变，由该时间产生的时间戳不可信赖，因此需要一个可信任的第三方——时间戳权威ＴＳＡ（ｔｉｍｅｓｔａｍｐａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｙ），来提供可信赖的且不可抵赖的时间戳服务．ＴＳＡ的主要功能是提供可靠的时间信息，证明某份文件（或某条信息）在某个时间（或以前）存在，防止用户在这个时间后伪造数据进行欺骗恬动ｏ］．时间戳服务提供商担当着中介者的角色，负责ＴＳＡ与最终使用者之间的沟通．时问戳服务供应商比较了解行业的特性，因此管理会更为有效，亦更切合使用者的需要．最终用户可以是公司、团体或个别用户，他们向时间戳服务供应商申请服务，通过时间戳服务商的网站或者软件取得数字时间戳．时间戳的工作流程：（１）最终用户希望为其数字文件取得数字时间戳；（２）最终用户用自己的私人密钥为数字文件的散列数值进行数字签名；（３）电脑计算出经数字签名的电子文件的散列数值；（４）独一无二的散列数值经互联网被发送到时问戳服务提供商；（５）时间戳服务提供商将收到的散列数值连同准确的日期时间，以它的私人密钥签发时间戳｝（６）时间戳服务提供商将独一无二的时间戳发送给文件主人；（７）时间戳服务提供商保留该时间戳的记录，作为日后查阅及核实使用．４时间戳的可靠性和匿名性数字时间戳技术最需要解决的是可靠性和匿名性．４．１可靠性时间戳产生方案要保证即使时间戳服务是恶意的，电子文档也能被正确的时间签署．目前有两种时间戳技术，一种是基于ＴＳＡ的技术，一种是基于分布式信任概念的技术．ＴＳＡ技术是常见的一种技术，以上讨论的就是基于ＴＳＡ技术的时间戳服务．分布式信任的技术是给一个群体中的很多客户进行签名和时间认证，使得这个群体中所有元素中的任何一个都不能对交易进行否认．要解决可靠性的问题首先要用到数字签名和哈希函数．如果不用哈希函数，那么要将电子文档全都传到时间戳服务商那里，这样在传输过程或者电子文档的存储过程中不能保证电子文档的私密性和安全性．且电子文档的存储也要占很大的空间．所以电子文档在传输过程中要经过哈希函数的处理．用数字签名可以保证双方相互证实彼此的身份．在现实中时间戳的使用有两种情况．一种是绝对的时间戳，一种是相对的时间戳．绝对时间戳给电子文档包含一个和现实生活中一样的真实时间．相对时间戳只要证明某个电子文档是早于另一个文档即可．其中绝对时间戳的取得是假定时间戳服务是一个可信的实体．对于相关的时问戳，一个可信的实体不是必须的，因此这种方法需要一个即使时间戳服务是恶意的，也耍提供一个能签署正确时间的方案．下面介绍两种这样的方案Ｄ］．４．１．１连接方案时间戳服务能通过一个Ⅳ函数连接所有提交的电子文档的哈希值．第ｎ个文档Ｈ．的时间戳文档Ｓ—ｓｉｇｎＴＳＡ∞，ｆ。

Pendulum CNT-91 零死时计数器产品说明书

The Pendulum CNT-91 zero-dead-time counter features continuous data streaming of measurements over GPIB/USB during, not after, measuring; creating a dynamic measurement/analysis system, a ﬁ rst in the counter industry! The CNT-91 is a unique frequency analyzer, outperforming any universal timer/ counter.Highest Performance Ever• High GPIB/USB bus speed reduces test time in ATE test systems. Individual measurements up to 4k meas/sec in talker only mode. Fast Block measurements with continuous data streaming.• Z ero-dead-time counting provides period/frequency back-to-back measurements and the correct calculation of Allan Deviation.• H igh resolution is critical for R&D and production testing. 50 ps single shot (time) or 12 digits/sec. (frequency) resolution allows capturing very small time and frequency changes, displayed to14 digits.• M odulation Domain Analysis (MDA). With TimeViewTM SW, the CNT-91 becomes a high-performance MDA. Thanks to the high measurement speed (250k meas/sec.) and large memory depth (3.75M) of these, very fast frequency changes in real time can be captured.• C NT-91’s integrated programmable pulse output offers 0.5Hz to 50 MHz fast rise time signals as a reference frequency output,external pacing/trigger source, or general purpose pulse source.Outstanding Performance/Price RatioThe CNT-91 timer/counter/analyzer outperforms every counter on the market, independent of measurement task.• The graphic presentation of results, histogram, trend line, numerical statistics, modulation domain – provide a clearer understanding of random signal distribution and measurement changes over time – from slow drift to fast jitter, and modulation.• B oth USB and GPIB interfaces are standard. With USB you won’t need to invest in a GPIB interface card for your PC. The GPIB operates in either SCPI/GPIB or 53131/53132 emulation mode, for plug-and-play replacement in existing ATE systems.• W ide frequency range - to 20 GHz – offers microwave CW frequency measurements and very short burst measurements down to 40 ns.• M enu-oriented settings reduce the risk of mistakes. Valuable signal information, given in multi-parameter displays, removes the need for other instruments like DVM’s and Scopes.The high-performance CNT-91 is the only tool you need for time & frequency measurement, analysis, and calibration.CNT-91R Frequency Calibrator/AnalyzerThe CNT-91R Frequency Calibrator/Analyzer is an all-inclusive high performance calibrator of frequency sources, that combines the high resolution measurements and advanced analysis of CNT-91, with a built-in ultra-stable Rubidium atomic reference clock. Its compact format, and its short warm-up time, makes the CNT-91R an ideal transportable one-box frequency calibrator/ analyzer.Excellent Graphical PresentationOne of the great features of the CNT-91 is the graphical display and the menu oriented settings. The non-expert can easily make correct settings without risking costly mistakes.The multi-parameter display with auxiliary measurement values such as Vmax/Vmin/Vp-p in frequency measurements, and frequency/ attenuation/phase, eliminates the need for extra test instruments and provides direct answers to frequently asked questions, like “What is the attenuation and phase shift of this ﬁ lter?” Measurement values are presented both numerically and graphically. The graphical presentation of results (histograms, trends etc.) gives a much better understanding of the nature of jitter. It also provides you with a much better view of changes vs time, from slow drift to fast modulation (trend plot). Three statistical views of the same data set can be viewed: Numerical, Histogram and T rend. It is very easy to capture and toggle between views of the same data (see ﬁ gure 4, 5 & 6).When adjusting a frequency source to given limits, the graphic display gives fast and accurate visual calibration guidance.CNT-91/91R vs CNT-90 selection chartFeature CNT-91/91R CNT-90 Graphic display of trend, histogram,modulation domain yes yes Frequency resolution12 digits/sec12 digits/sec Time resolution (single shot)50 ps100 ps Voltage resolution1mV 2.5mVMeasurement speed to internal memory250k meas/sec3.75M results 250k meas/sec 750k resultsTalker only output (GPIB/USB)4k meas/sec no Individually triggered measurements650/sec500/sec Block transfer speed15k meas/sec5k meas/sec Freq, period, time, phase, volt, duty c,pulse w, rise time yes yesT otalize, TIE yes no Programmable pulse output yes no Continuous measurements yes no Timebase CNT-91OCXO (opt)OCXO (opt) Timebase CNT-91R OCXO (opt)OCXO (opt)Figure 1:Display showing phase value, frequency, attenuation Va/Vb,and auxiliary parameters.Figure 2:Measure function selection menu, shown with measured results.Figure 3:Input parameter setting menu shown with measured result.Figure 4:Display showing different statistical parameters viewed at thesame time.Figure 5:Display showing the trend (signal over time) of sampled data.Figure 6:The same result as in Figure 5, now displayed as a histogram.Measuring FunctionsAll measurements are displayed with a large main parameter value and smaller auxiliary parameter values (with less resolution). Some measurements are only available as auxiliary parameters.Frequency A, B, CMode: Normal, back-to-back Range:• Input A, B: 0.002 Hz to 400 MHz• Input C (option): Up to 3, 8, 15 or 20 GHz Resolution: 12 digits in 1s measuring time (normal), 11 digits in 1s meas time (back-to-back)Aux. Parameter (A, B): Vmax, Vmin, Vp-pFrequency Burst A, B, C (opt. 14/14B)Frequency and PRF of repetitive burst signals can be measured without external control signal and with selectable start arming delay.Functions: Frequency in burst (in Hz); PRF (in Hz)Range: Input A, B, C: See Frequency spec.Minimum Burst Duration: Down to 40 ns Minimum Pulses in Burst:• Input A or B: 3 (6 above 160 MHz)• Input C: 3 x prescaler factor PRF Range: 0.5 Hz to 1MHzStart Delay: 10 ns to 2sec., 10 ns resolution Aux. Parameter: PRFPeriod A, B, CMode: Single, average, back-to-back Range:• Input A, B: 2.5 ns to 1000 sec. (single, average)• Input C (option): 10 ns down to 330, 125, 70 or 50 psResolution: 100 ps (single); 12 digits/s (avg)Aux. Parameter (A, B): Vmax, Vmin, Vp-pRatio A/B, B/A, C/A, C/BRange: (10-9) to 1011Input Frequency:• Input A, B: 0.1 Hz to 400 MHz• Input C (option): Up to 3, 8, 15 or 20 GHz Aux Parameters: Freq 1, Freq 2Time Interval A to B, B to A, A to A, B to BRange:• Normal Calculation: 0ns to +106 sec.• Smart Calculation: -106 sec. to +106 sec.Resolution: 50 ps (single)Min. Pulse Width: 1.6 nsSmart Calculation: Smart Time Interval to determine sign (A before B or A after B)Positive and Negative Pulse Width A, BRange: 2.3 ns to 106 sec.Min. Pulse Width: 2.3 nsAux. Parameters: Vmax,Vmin, Vp-pRise and Fall Time A, BRange: 1.5 ns to 106 sec.Trigger Levels: 10% and 90% of signal Vp-p Min. Pulse Width: 1.6 nsAux. Parameters: Slew rate, Vmax, VminTime Interval Error (TIE) A, BNormalized period back-to-back measurements, calculated as TIE(k) = k •TREF - ΣTi, when T i = individual period back-to-back and T REF = reference period valuePositive and Negative Duty Factor A, BRange: 0.000001 to 0.999999Freq. Range: 0.1 Hz to 300 MHz Aux. parameters: Period, pulse widthPhase A Relative B, B Relative ARange: -180° to +360°Resolution: Single-cycle: 0.001° to 10 kHz, decreasing to 1° >10 MHz. Resolution can be improved via averaging (statistics)Freq. Range: up to 160 MHzAux. Parameters: Freq (A), Va/Vb (in dB)T otalize A, BMode: T ot A, T ot B, T ot A+B, T ot A-B, T ot A/B Range: 1 to 1010 counts Freq range: up to 160 MHzStart control: Manual, start armingStop control: Manual, stop arming, timed Aux. Parameters: Other T ot functionsVmax, Vmin, Vp-p A, BRange: -50 V to +50 V, -5V to +5VRange is limited by the specifi cation for max input voltage without damage (see input A, B)Freq. Range: DC, 1Hz to 300 MHz Mode: Vmax, Vmin, Vp-p Resolution: 1 mVUncertainty (5V range, typical):• DC, 1Hz to 1kHz: 1% +15 mV • 1kHz to 20 MHz: 3% +15 mV • 20 to 100 MHz: 10% +15 mV • 100 to 300 MHz: 30% +15 mV Aux parameters: Vmin, Vmax, Vp-pTime stamping A, B, CRaw time stamp data together with pulse counts on inputs A, B or C, accessible via GPIB or USB only.Max Sample Speed: See GPIB specifications Max Frequency: 160 MHz Timestamp Resolution: 35 psInput and Output Specifi cationsInputs A and BFrequency Range:• DC-Coupled: DC to 400 MHz • AC-Coupled: 10 Hz to 400 MHz Impedance: 1MΩ // 20 pF or 50 Ω (VSWR ≤2:1)Trigger Slope: Positive or negativeMax. Channel Timing Difference: 500 ps Sensitivity:• DC-200 MHz: 15 mVrms • 200-300 MHz: 25 mVrms • 300-400 MHz: 35 mVrms Attenuation: x1, x10Dynamic Range (x1): 30 mV p-p to 10 V p-p within ±5V windowTrigger Level: Read-Out on display • Resolution: 1mV• Uncertainty (x1): ±(15 mV + 1% of trigger level)• AUTO T rigger Level: T rigger level isautomatically set to 50% point of input signal (10% and 90% for Rise/Fall Time)AUTO Hysteresis:• Freq. range: 1Hz to 300 MHz• Time: Min hysteresis window (hysteresis compensation)• Frequency: One third of input signal amplitudeAnalog LP Filter: Nominal 100kHz, RC-type.Digital LP Filter: 1Hz to 50 MHz cut-off frequencyMax Voltage Without Damage:•1MΩ: 350 V (DC + AC pk) to 440 Hz, falling to 12 Vrms at 1MHz.• 50 Ω: 12 Vrms Connector: BNCInput C (Option 13)Operating Input Voltage Range:• 100 to 200 MHz: 100 mVrms to 2.5Vrms (typ.)• 200 to 300 MHz: 40 mVrms to 2.5Vrms (typ.)• 300 to 500 MHz: 20 mVrms to 2.5Vrms • 0.5 to 3.0 GHz: 10 mVrms to 2.5Vrms • 3.0 to 4.5 GHz: 20 mVrms to 2.5Vrms • 4.5 to 6.0 GHz: 40 mVrms to 2.5Vrms • 6.0 to 8 GHz: 80 mVrms to 2.5Vrms Prescaler Factor: 256Impedance: 50 Ω nominal, VSWR <2.5:1Max Voltage without Damage: 2.5Vrms Connector: Type N FemaleInput C (Option 14)Freq. Range: 0.25 to 15 GHz Operating Input Voltage Range:• 250 to 500 MHz: -21 to +21 dBm • 0.5 to 15 GHz: -27 to +21 dBm Prescaler Factor: 128Impedance: 50 Ω nominal, VSWR <2.0:1AM tolerance: > 90% within sensitivity range Max Voltage Without Damage: +21 dBm Connector: Type N FemaleInput C (Option 14B)Freq. Range: 0.25 to 20 GHz (opt. 14B)Operating input voltage range:Prescaler Factor: 128Impedance: 50 Ω nominal, VSWR <2.0:1AM tolerance: > 90% within sensitivity range Max Voltage Without Damage: +27 dBm Connector: Type precision N FemaleRear Panel Inputs and OutputsReference Input: 1, 5, or 10 MHz; 0.1 to 5Vrms sine; impedance ≥1kΩReference Output: 10 MHz; >1Vrms sine into 50 ΩArming Input:Arming of all measuring functions • Impedance: Approx. 1kΩ• Freq. Range: DC to 80 MHz Rear Panel Measurement Inputs:A, B, C (opt. 11/90)Impedance: 1MΩ//50 pF or 50 Ω (VSWR ≤ 2:1)Connectors: SMA female for rear input C, BNC for all other inputs/outputsAuxiliary FunctionsTrigger Hold-OffTime Delay Range: 20 ns to 2sec., 10 ns resolutionExternal Start and Stop ArmingModes: Start, Stop, Start and Stop Arming Input Channels: A, B or E-rear panelMax Rep. Rate for Arming Signal:• Channel A,B: 160 MHz • Channel E: 80 MHzStart Time Delay Range: 20 ns to 2sec., 10 ns resolutionStatisticsFunctions: Maximum, Minimum, Mean, Δmax-Min, Standard Deviation and Allan Deviation Display: Numeric, histograms or trend plots Sample Size: 2 to 2 x 109 samplesLimit Qualifier: OFF or Capture values above/below/inside or outside limits Measurement Pacing:• Pacing Time Range: 4μs to 500 sec.MathematicsFunctions: (K*X+L)/M and (K/X+L)/M. X iscurrent reading and K, L and M are constants; set via keyboard or as frozen reference value (X 0)Other FunctionsMeasuring Time: 20 ns to 1000 sec. for Frequency, Burst, and Period Average. Single cycle for other measuring functionsTimebase Reference: Internal, External or AutomaticDisplay Hold: Freezes result, until a new measurement is initiated via RestartLimit Alarm: Graphical indication on front panel and/or SRQ via GPIB• Limit Values: Lower limit, Upper limit • Settings: OFF or Alarm if value is above/below/inside or outside limits • On Alarm: STOP or CONTINUE • Display: Numeric + GraphicStored Instrument Set-ups: 20 instrument setups can be saved/recalled from internal non-volatile memory. 10 can be user protected.Result Storage: Up to 8 measurements of max 32k samples can be stored in local memory for later downloading.Display: Backlit LCD Graphics screen for menu control, numerical read-out and status information • Number of Digits: 14 digits in numerical mode • Resolution: 320*97 pixelsGPIB InterfaceCompatibility: IEEE 488.2-1987, SCPI 1999, 53131A/53132A compatibility modeInterface Functions: SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, DC1, DT1, E2Max. Measurement Rate:• GPIB: 15k readings/s (block mode)• 4k readings/s (talker only mode)• 650 readings/s (individual GET trig’ed)T o Internal Memory: 250k readings/sInternal Memory Size: Up to 3.75M readings.USB InterfaceUSB Version: 2.0 Full speed (11 Mbits/s)CalibrationMode: Closed case, electronic calibration, menu controlledCal. Frequencies: 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 1.544 and 2.048 MHzGeneral Specifi cationsEnvironmental DataClass: MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3Operating T emp:• 0°C to +50°C (CNT-91)• 0°C to +45°C (CNT-91R)Storage T emp: -40°C to +71°C Humidity: 5%-95% (10°C to 30°C) 5%-75% (30°C to 40°C) 5%-45% (40°C to 50°C)Altitude: 4,600 metersVibration: Random and sinusoidal according to MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3Shock: Half-sine 30G per MIL-PRF-28800F; Bench handlingTransit drop test: Heavy-duty transport case and soft carrying case tested according to MIL-PRF-28800FReliability: MTBF 30,000 hours (calculated)Safety: EN 61010-1, pollution degree 2, meas cat I, CSA C22.2 No 1010-1, CEEMC: EN 61326 (1997); A1 (1998), increased test levels according to EN 50082-2, Group 1, Class B, CETime Base OptionsOption model STD 19/9030/9040/90CNT-91R Time base type:Standard OCXO OCXO OCXO Rubidium Uncertainty due to:-Aging per 24h per month per year-T emperature variations: 0˚C to 50˚C 20˚C to 26˚C (typ. values) n/a <5x10-7<5x10-6<1x10-5<3x10-6<5x10-9(1)<6x10-8<2x10-7<5x10-8<2x10-8<5x10-10(1)<1x10-8<5x10-8<5x10-9<1x10-9<3x10-10(1)<3x10-9<1.5x10-8<2.5x10-9<4x10-10n/a<5x10-11( 2)<2x10-10 (3)<1x10-10<1.2x10-11Short-term stability: τ =1s (root Allan Variance) τ =10snotspecified <1x10-10<1x10-10<1x10-11<1x10-11<5x10-12<5x10-12<1x10-11<3x10-12Power-on stability:Deviation vs. fi nal value after 24 h on time, after a warm-up time of:n/a 30 min<1x10-730 min<1x10-810 min<5x10-910 min<5x10-1012 minTypical total uncertainty, for operating temperature 20˚C to 26˚C, at 2σ (95%) confi dence interval:-1 year after calibration -2 years after calibration<7x10-6<1.2x10-5<2.4x10-7<4.6x10-7<0.6x10-7<1.2x10-7<1.8x10-8<3.5x10-8<2.5x10-10<5x10-10(4)© Pendulum Instruments 20201After 1 month of continuous operation 2After 3 months of continuous operation 3After 1st year, aging during 1st year: <5x10-10; long term< 2 x 10-9 / 10 years 4After 1 year of operation. Uncertainty <6x10-10 the first year of operation 5T emperature variation 0˚C to 45˚C for CNT-91RPower RequirementsBasic Version: 90 to 265 Vrms, 45 to 440 Hz, <40 T-91R:• Warm-up (12 minutes): 90 to 265 Vrms, 45 to 440 Hz, <60 W•Operating: 90 to 265 Vrms, 45 to 440 Hz, <50 WDimensions and WeightWidth x Height x Depth: 210 x 90 x 395 mm (8.25 x 3.6 x 15.6 in)Weight: Net 2.7 kg (5.8 lb), Shipping app. 3.5 kg (app. 7.5 lb)Ordering InformationBasic ModelCNT-91: 400 MHz, 50 ps Timer/Counter including Standard Time BaseCNT-91R: 400 MHz, 50 ps Timer/Counter including Rubidium Time BaseIncluded with Instrument: 3 years productwarranty, line cord, user documentation on CD, and Certifi cate of CalibrationInput Frequency Options• Option 10: 3 GHz Input C • Option 13: 8 GHz Input C • Option 14: 15 GHz Input C •Option 14B: 20 GHz Input COscillator OptionsOption 19/90: Medium Stability Oven Time Base; 0.06 ppm/monthOption 30/90: Very High Stability Oven Time Base; 0.01 ppm/monthOption 40/90: Ultra High Stability Oven Time Base; 0.003 ppm/monthOptional Accessories• Option 11/90: Rear Panel Inputs (replaces front panel inputs)• Option 22/90: Rack-Mount Kit • Option 27: Carrying Case - soft• Option 27H: Heavy-duty Hard T ransport Case• Option 29/91: TimeView 3 Modulation Domain Analysis SW for CNT-91/CNT-91R •Option 90/01: Calibration Certifi cate with Protocol; Standard oscillator•Option 90/06: Calibration Certifi cate with Protocol; Oven oscillator• Option 90/07: (CNT-91R only) Calibration Certificate with Protocol; Rubidium oscillator • Option 90/00: Calibration Certifi cate with Protocol; Hold-over frequency aging/week • Option 95/05: Extended warranty from 3 to 5 years• OM-90: Users Manual English (printed)• PM-90: Programmers Manual English (printed)• SM-90: Service Manual English • GS-90-EN: Getting Started English • GS-90-FR: Getting Started French •GS-90-DE: Getting Started German。

微芯片公司SyncServer S650高精确、安全和灵活的时间与频率标准说明书

SyncServer® S650Accurate, Secure and Flexible Time and Frequency StandardFeatures•<15 ns RMS to UTC (USNO) through GPS •<1x10–12 frequency accuracy •Modular timing architecture with unique and innovative FlexPort™ technology •Popular timing signal inputs/outputs standard in the base timing I/O module(IRIG B, 10 MHz, 1PPS)•Four standard GbE ports with NTP hardware time stamping, two additional10 GbE ports optional•Web-based management with high-security cipher suite•–20°C to 65°C operating temperature, shock and vibration qualified •Rubidium Atomic Clock or OCXO oscilla-tor upgrades•Dual power supply option •Additional timecode I/O including IRIG A/B/C37/E/G/NASA/2137/XR3/HaveQuick/PTTI available•T1/E1 Telecom I/O available •Superior 10 MHz low phase noise options•Galileo/GLONASS/BeiDou/SBAS/QZSS option•PTP multi-port/profile output option •PTP input option•S650i model with no GNSS •DISA/DoDIN approved product Applications•FlexPort timing technology efficiently and cost-effectively adds innovative“any signal, any connector” technology,eliminating the wasted space inherentwith legacy style fixed-signal modules/BNCs•Best-in-class low phase noise 10 MHz outputs for satellite ground stations and radar systems•Multiple GbE network ports for easy network configuration and adaptation •Reliable and rugged design for long product life and wide application scope •Many security-hardened, network basedfeatures for stringent IA requirementsS650 with Timing I/O Modules(Optional Configuration)Unparalleled FlexibilityThe modular SyncServer® S650 combinesthe best of time and frequency instrumen-tation with unique flexibility and powerfulnetwork/security-based features.The base Timing I/O module with eightBNC connectors comes standard with themost popular Timing I/O signals (IRIG B, 10MHz and 1 PPS). When more flexibility isrequired, the unique FlexPort technologyoption enables six of the BNCs to outputmany supported signals (time codes, sinewaves, programmable periods), all configu-rable in real time through the secure webinterface. This incredibly flexible BNC-by-BNC configuration makes efficient andcost-effective use of the 1U space available.Similar functionality is applied to the twoinput BNCs, as well. Unlike legacy moduleswith fixed count BNCs outputting fixedsignal types per module, FlexPort technol-ogy can allow up to 12 BNCs to output anycombination of supported signal types.The Timing I/O module is also available withT1/E1 Telecom I/O, HaveQuick/PTTI I/O andfiber input/output connectors.Superior Low Phase Noise (LPN)PerformanceFor applications requiring superior LPN 10MHz signals, two different LPN modules areavailable. Each module has eight extremelyisolated 10 MHz LPN outputs, with eachmodule offering excellent levels of LPN orultra LPN performance.Robust Timing and DesignThe 72-channel GNSS receiver coupledwith Microchip's patented active thermalcompensation technology provides excellentaccuracy of <15 ns RMS to UTC (USNO). Thisin addition to a durable hardware designsubjected to MIL-STD-810H testing, high-reli-ability components extending the operatingtemperature range to –20°C to 65°C, anddual power supply options. Further, upgrad-ing to a high-performance oscillator, such asa Rubidium atomic clock, keeps SyncServerS650 accurate for long periods in the eventof a GNSS service disruption.Secure NetworkingSecurity is an inherent part of SyncServerS650. In addition to many security featuresand protocols, services can be selectivelydisabled. The four standard GbE ports, andtwo optional 10 GbE ports, can accommo-date 10,000 NTP requests per second usinghardware time stamping and compensa-tion. NTP monitoring, charting and MRUlogging assist in managing the NTP clientactivity. For more secure NTP operations,enable the optional security-hardened NTPReflector™ with line speed, 100% hardware-based NTP packet processing.Leverage Built-In HardwareSyncServer S650 includes many built-inhardware features enabled throughsoftware license keys, such as the security-hardened NTP Reflector, Galileo/GLONASS/BeiDou/QZSS support, and multi-port/pro-file IEEE 1588 PTP output/input operations.SyncServer S650, the future of time andfrequency, today. Four GbE Ports for Performance, Flexibility and SecurityThe S650 has four dedicated and isolated GbE Ethernet ports, each equipped with NTP hardware time stamping. These are connected to a high-speed microprocessor with microsecond-accurate timestamps to assure high-bandwidth NTP performance. This exceeds the need of servicing 10,000 NTP requests per second with no degrada-tion in time stamp accuracy.Multiple ports provide the flexibility to adapt to different network topologies as networks grow and change. An S650 can be the single time source to synchronize clients on different subnets and physi -cal networks. There is only one time reference, but it can appear as though there are four clocks available because each port is independent.NTP can be served on all four ports (six if 10 GbE ports are added). The highly secure web-based management interface is only available on port 1, so that administrators may choose to keep that IP address private and secure. Unique access control lists per port can govern server response to client requests for time.Intuitive, Secure and Easy-to-Use Web InterfaceThe modern web interface is the primary control interface of the S650. Once the keypad and display bring the unit online, complete status and control functions are easily found on the left navigation menu. A REST API also included.Standard Management Access SecurityAll of the expected network management protocols are standard in the S650. These include mandatory password access, HTTPS/SSL only (using the high-encryption cipher suite), SSH, access control lists, ser-vice termination, SNMPv2/v3, and NTP MD5 authentication. All traffic to the S650 CPU is bandwidth-limited for protection against DoSattacks. The local keypad on the server can be password-protected to prevent tampering.Security-Hardening OptionThe SyncServer S650 can be further hardened from both an NTP perspective and an authentication perspective through the Security Protocol License option that includes the security-hardened NTP Reflector.Operational hardening through the 360,000 NTP packet per second NTP Reflector with 100% hardware-based NTP packet processing also works with a CPU-protecting firewall by bandwidth limiting all non-NTP traffic. The Reflector also monitors packet flow for DoS detection and reporting, yet remains impervious to the level of network traffic as it operates at line speed.Authentication hardening is available for NTP client/server authenti-cation through the NTP Autokey function or user access authentica-tion through TACACS+, RADIUS and LDAP. Third party CA-signed X.509 certificates are installable for further hardening of manage -ment access and secure syslog operations. For more information about the Security Protocol License option, see the SyncServerOptions datasheet.The four GbE ports provide network configura -tion flexibility and enhanced security. Multiple isolated and synchronized time servers can also be configured. Two 10 GbE SFP+ ports can be added for NTP/PTP operations as well.At-a-glance dashboard presentation combined with logical organization andintuitive controls that make configuring the S650 easy.An entire drop-down menu in the S650 dedicated to security-related protocols.Unprecedented NTP AccuracyThe Stratum 1 level S650 derives nanosecond-accurate time directly from the atomic clocks aboard the GPS satellites. By using an integrated, 72-channel GNSS receiver, every visible satellite can be tracked and used to maintain accurate and reliable time. Even in urban canyon environments where direct satellite visibility can be limited, manually inputting the position can be sufficient to acquire accurate time from as few as one intermittent satellite.Ultra-High Performance NTPThe S650 can effortlessly support hundreds of thousands of network clients while maintaining microsecond-caliber NTP time stamp accuracy. NTP request throughput rates can exceed 10,000 requests/ second while maintaining NTP time stamp accuracy. NTP monitoring, charting and MRU logging assist in managing the NTP client activity. If the Security Protocol License option is enabled, the NTP Reflector can process over 360,000 NTP requests per second with 15-nanosecond caliber time stamp accuracy with the added benefit of security-hardening the network port.Superior Low Phase Noise PerformanceThe S650 can be optimized to provide the best possible low phase noise 10 MHz signals. Two LPN modules are available to choose from depending on the phase noise sensitivity of the user application. Each module has eight extremely isolated 10 MHz LPN outputs with each module offering excellent levels of LPN and Ultra LPN perfor-mance from the close in 1 Hz out to 100 kHz.Multi-Port/Profile IEEE 1588 PTP Grandmaster Applications demanding very precise time accuracy can require the IEEE 1588 precise time protocol (PTP). The S650 PTP Output License enables multi-port/profile PTP grandmaster operations leveraging the built-in hardware time stamping on each LAN port of the S650. IEEE 1588 PTP Input LicensePTP input is useful for tunneling time to the S650 over the network. PTP input can be the primary time reference or used as a backup reference in the event of GPS signal loss. With GPS, the S650 can automatically calibrate and store observed network path delay asym-metries for PTP input use if the GPS signal is lost.Multi-GNSS Constellation Support for Enhanced ReliabilityTiming integrity, continuity and reliability can be improved withthe GNSS option that adds support for Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou, QZSS and SBAS constellations in addition to the standard GPS constellation. With more satellites in view, timing performance can be improved in challenging environments, such as urban canyons. SyncServer S650s ship with GNSS hardware ready to be enabled with a software license. The S650 is also available without GNSS in theS650i model.More Timing I/O StandardThe base S650 can host two modules. The Timing I/O modules are equipped with eight connectors for timing signal input and output. The standard configuration offers a broad yet fixed selection of signal I/Os that include IRIG B, 10 MHz and 1PPS.FlexPort—The Ultimate in Timing FlexibilityOur unique FlexPort technology efficiently and cost-effectively adds innovative “any signal, any connector” capabilities, eliminating the wasted space inherent with legacy style fixed signal modules.The FlexPort option enables the six output connectors (J3-J8) to output many supported signals (time codes, sine waves, program-mable periods) all configurable in real time through the secure web interface. User-entered, nanosecond caliber phase offsets for each connector output accommodates variable cable lengths. The two input connectors (J1-J2) can support a wide variety of input signal types.This level of timing signal flexibility is unprecedented and can even eliminate the need for additional signal distribution chassis as there is no degradation in the precise quality of the coherent signals.Oscillator Upgrades Improve Holdover Accuracy and Save Valuable TimeThe standard S650 is equipped with a crystal oscillator that keeps the S650 accurate to nanoseconds when tracking GPS. However, if GPS connectivity is lost and the server is placed in holdover, the oscillator begins to drift, impacting timing accuracy. Upgrading the oscillator improves the holdover accuracy significantly. For example, consider the following drift rates for the standard oscillator compared to theOCXO and Rubidium upgrades.The value of the upgraded oscillator is that if the GPS signal is lost, the S650 can continue to provide accurate time and frequency. This provides personnel time to correct the problem with only gradualdegradation or disruption in time synchronization accuracy.SpecificationsGNSS Receiver/Antenna• 72 parallel channel GNSS receiver• GPS time traceable to UTC (USNO)• Static and dynamic operational modes• Acquisition time of 30 seconds (cold start)• Cable length up to 900 feet (275 m).• GNSS option adds Galileo/GLONASS/BeiDou/SBAS/QZSS support in addition to GPSTime Accuracy at 1 PPS Output• Standard: <15 ns RMS to UTC (USNO), typical• OCXO: <15 ns RMS to UTC (USNO)• Rubidium: <15 ns RMS to UTC (USNO)After one day locked to GPS; evaluated over normal environment (test range <±5 °F) defined in GR-2830.Oscillator Aging (Monthly)• Standard: ±1×10–7• OCXO: ±5×10–9• Rubidium: ±1×10–10After one month of continuous operation.Holdover Accuracy (One Day)• Standard: 400 µs• OCXO: 25 µs• Rubidium: <1 µsEvaluated over normal environment (test range <±5 °F) defined in GR-2830 after five days locked to GPS.Frequency Output Accuracy and Stability• <1x10–12 at 1 day, after locked to GPS for 1 dayStandard Network Protocols• NTP v3,4 (RFC 1305/5905/8633), SNTP(RFC4330)• NTP v3,4 Symmetric keys: SHA1/256/512 and MD5• SNMP v2c, v3• SNMP MIB II, Custom MIB, system status via SNMP• DHCP/DHCPv6• HTTPS/SSL* (TLS 1.2/1.3)• SMTP forwarding• SSHv2• Telnet• IPv4/IPv6• Syslog: 1 to 8 servers (RFC 3164/5424)• Key management protocols can be individually disabled• Port 1: Management and Time protocols• Port 2, 3 and 4 (optional 5 and 6): Time protocols only Optional Network Protocols NTP Server Performance• 10,000 NTP requests per second while maintaining accuracy associated with reference time source.**• Stratum 1 through GNSS: overall server time stamp accuracy of5 μs to UTC with 1-sigma variation of 20 μs (typical). All NTP timestamps are hardware-based or have real-time hardware compen-sation for internal asymmetric delays. The accuracy is inclusive of all NTP packet delays in and out of the server, as measured at the network interface. NTP serves the UTC timescale by definition,but the user can choose to serve GPS timescale instead. The user can also select the UTC leap second smearing/slewing behavior.The SyncServer easily supports millions of NTP clients.• NTP Activity Charting and MRU Logging: A rolling 24 hour chart displays overall NTPd requests/minute activity. An NTPd MostRecently Used (MRU) list provides details on the most recent 1024 NTP client IP addresses. Data is sortable and exportable. Selec-tion of an individual IP address charts the NTP request totals in 30 minute increments over the past 24 hours. These tools are useful to verify an NTP client is reaching the SyncServer and to identify NTP clients that may be requesting the time more frequently than desired.• NTP Reflector option: 360,000 NTP client mode three requests per second. NTP packets are timestamped 100% in hardware with prevailing clock accuracy. All non-NTP packets are provided to the CPU on a bandwidth-limited basis. The NTP Reflector is included as part of the Security Protocol License option.NTP Activity Chart• Autokey (RFC5906)• PTP• TACACS+• LDAPv3• RADIUS• X.509 certificates for HTTPSand secure syslogRolling 24-hour NTPd activity chart to accompany Most Recently Used (MRU) listwith individual NTPd client activity details and chart.*SSL_High_Encryption Cypher suite or the SSL_High_And_Medium_Encryption Cypher suite.**<5% NTPd packet drop at 10,000 NTPd requests per second. See SyncServer BlueSkyoption data sheet for performance specifications if BlueSky validator is enabled (optional)Mechanical/EnvironmentalShock and VibrationFront PanelRear PanelProduct IncludesS650SyncServer S650 (no option modules installed in base unit), locking power cord, rack mount ears and a two-year hardware warranty. Current manual and MIB are available online at . MIB and REST API can also be downloaded from the SyncServer.S650iSyncServer S650i (no GNSS receiver), one Timing I/O module, locking power cord, rack mount ears and a two-year hardware warranty. Current manual and MIB are available online at . MIB and REST API can also be downloaded from the SyncServer.S650 With Two Standard Timing I/O Modules (Optional Configuration)Ordering InformationCustom configure your build-to-order SyncServer S650 using theonline SyncServer Configurator tool at . Configura -tions can be submitted as requests for quotes.Note: The SyncServer S650 is TAA CompliantNote: The SyncServer S650 is on the DISA/DoDIN Approved Products ListThe Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo and SyncServer are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2022, Microchip Technology Incorporated and its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved. 4/22 900-00716-00 Rev N DS00002901FHardware OptionsTiming I/O Module(s)Equipped with eight connectors for timing signal input and output, the standard configuration offers a broad yet fixed selection of signal I/O, including IRIG B, 10 MHz and 1PPS. Five variations of the Timing I/O Module are available as listed below. See the SyncServer Options Datasheet (DS00002920) for more signal types.• Timing I/O Module• Timing I/O Module + Telecom I/O • Timing I/O Module + HaveQuick/PTTI • Timing I/O Module + Fiber Outputs • Timing I/O Module + Fiber Input10 MHz Standard Low Phase Noise ModuleEight isolated, phase-coherent 10 MHz LPN outputs, with excellent levels of LPN and exhibiting low spurious noise characteristics.10 MHz Ultra-Low Phase Noise ModuleSuperior levels of LPN provided on eight extremely isolated, phase-coherent 10 MHz LPN outputs with low spurious noise characteristics.10 GbE LAN PortsTwo additional 10 GbE SFP+ ports equipped with hardware time stamping that supports NTP, PTP and NTP Reflector operations.Rubidium Atomic Oscillator UpgradeImproves stability, accuracy, and holdover accuracy. Holdoveraccuracy is <1 μs for the first 24 hours and <3 μs after the first three days.OCXO Oscillator UpgradeImproves holdover accuracy to 25 μs for the first day.Dual AC Power SuppliesThe dual-corded, dual-AC power supply option provides load sharing and active power management system with hitless failover.Dual DC Power SuppliesThe dual-corded, dual-DC power supply option provides load sharing and active power management system with hitless failover.Antenna AccessoriesAntenna cables and accessories enable versatile solutions to meet most installation requirements.Note: For complete information, see the SyncServer Options Datasheet (DS00002920).Software OptionsSecurity Protocol License with Security-Hardened NTP ReflectorSecurity-hardened NTP Reflector and authentication hardening with NTP Autokey, TACACS+, RADIUS, LDAP and CA-signed X.509 certificates.PTP Output/Grandmaster(Simultaneous Multi-Port/Profile)Single license enables multi-port, multi-profile IEEE 1588 PTP Grand -master operations leveraging the built-in hardware time stamping in all SyncServers.PTP InputPTP as a timing input for tunneling time through PTP or as a backup time reference in the event of the loss of the GNSS signal.FlexPort Technology for Timing I/O ModulesEnables the output connectors to output many supported signals (time codes, sine waves, programmable rates) all configurable in real time. Input connectors can support a wide variety of input signal types.Multi-GNSS ConstellationTrack GPS/SBAS, Galileo, QZSS, GLONASS and/or BeiDou constel-lations for improved integrity and satellite visibility in an urban canyons.1PPS Time Interval/Event Time MeasurementsUse the S650 Timing I/O module to measure, store and statistically display in real time the difference of an external 1PPS relative to the S650. The Event Time capture feature time tags and stores external events.Time-Triggered Programmable PulseProvides a user defined, repetitive and precise time-of-day pulse(s) at specific times or provides periodic, time-based pulse outputs.BlueSky GPS Jamming and Spoofing Detection, Protection, AnalysisDetect GPS jamming and spoofing related anomalies in real-time to protect essential time and frequency outputs.Synchronization SoftwareComprehensive MS Windows-based network time synchronization software with monitoring and auditing functions.Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights unless otherwise stated.。

Moxa计算机时间同步设置-IEEE 1588和精确时间协议版本1.0，2022年6月，www.mo

Moxa Computer Time-synchronization Settings for IEEE 1588 and Precision TimeProtocolVersion 1.0, June 2022/products© 2022 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.Moxa Computer Time-synchronization Settingsfor IEEE 1588 and Precision Time ProtocolThe software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordancewith the terms of that agreement.Copyright Notice© 2022 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.TrademarksThe MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc.All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers.Disclaimer•Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa.•Moxa provides this document as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/orchanges to this manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time.•Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from itsuse.•This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into neweditions of the publication.Technical Support Contact Information/supportTable of Contents1.Overview (4)2.Windows PTP Client Settings (5)Hardware and Software Requirements (5)Setting Up the Windows PTP Slave (Client) (6)Configuring the PTP Grandmaster Message Settings (8)Checking the PTP Time Sync Function (9)3.Linux PTP Settings (10)Prerequisites (10)A Simple Topology (10)Debian linuxptp Package (11)OC Mode (12)BC Mode (12)phc2sys (14)One Pulse Per Second (1PPS) (14)Additional References (17)1.Overview This guide describes the IEEE 1588 and Precision Time Protocol (PTP) settings in Windows and is applicable to the following Moxa products:DA-820C YesDA-682C Coming soonDA-681C Coming soonDA-720 Coming soon2.Windows PTP Client SettingsThis chapter describes how to configure the PTP Client on a Windows 10 system. Hardware and Software RequirementsThe hardware and software requirements are listed here:•Hardware: Network interface cards (NICs) with IEEE 1588 support (e.g., Intel® I210)•Software: Windows OS kernel with PTP hardware timestamp support (e.g., Windows 10 Pro 20H2 or later); build 19042 or laterTo check the build number, run winver from the Windows start menu. Confirm that the build version is19042 or later.•Other: One Linux device as PTP Grandmaster and one or more Windows devices as PTP Slaves (Clients) Because Windows only supports the PTP slave (client) in OC mode, we will need another device withLinux OS to be the PTP Grandmaster to perform the time synchronization.Setting Up the Windows PTP Slave (Client) The Windows Time Service (w32tm) is a Windows service that keeps your computer clock accurate. We will be using the AutoSetupWindowsPTP.exe file to configure the w32tm service and apply the PTP function.NOTEContact a Moxa representative for the AutoSetupWindowsPTP.exe file to configure and run the PTPfunction on your computer.To set up the Windows PTP Slave (Client), do the following:1.Run cmd from the Windows start menu and then run the AutoSetupWindowsPTP.exe file.2.Enter the IP for the Linux PTP Grandmaster.3.Enter the IP address for the PTP Slave.4.Wait until the program sets up the configuration for the w32tm service for the PTP function.After the setup process is completed, the Windows Time service will start automatically.5.Restart the device to apply the configuration to the OS.Additional Information•If the program shows the error "This Windows version doesn't support HW PTP", the Windows version is too old to support HW PTP. Install a newer supported version on your device.•If the program shows the error "Invalid device!", the program cannot setup Windows PTP on the device.Note that only Moxa devices are supported.•PTP messages may use the User Datagram Protocol over Internet Protocol (UDP/IP) for transport. The AutoSetupWindowsPTP.exe program will automatically create the firewall rules to allow the PTPSlave to communicate with the time server.Configuring the PTP Grandmaster Message SettingsTo configure the PTP message settings for the Grandmaster and generate a PTP message based on thesettings, do the following:e the follow settings to configure a PTP massage on the Linux PTP Grandmaster device.Delay Mechanism E2ENetwork Transport UDP IPV4Time Stamping HardwareMulticast EnableptpTimescale 12.On the Linux PTP Grandmaster device, run the ptp4l command.ptp4l -E -4 -H -m -i enp2s03.After the ptp4l starts, type the following command to show the configuration settings.sudo pmc -u -b 0 'GET GRANDMASTER_SETTINGS_NP'4.To modify the setting when the ptp4l is running, run the following command:sudo pmc -u -b 0 \ "SET GRANDMASTER_SETTINGS_NP clockClass 248 clockAccuracy0xfe offsetScaledLogVariance 0xffff currentUtcOffset 37 leap61 0 leap59 0currentUtcOffsetValid 0 ptpTimescale 1 timeTraceable 0 frequencyTraceable 0timeSource 0xa0"Checking the PTP Time Sync FunctionAfter the PTP Grandmaster settings are completed, the Windows time service will start automatically andcheck for the PTP message from the PTP Grandmaster.•Using WireShark to check the message information from the specific LAN.a.The PRP Master will generate a "Announce Msg + Sync Msg + Follow_Up Msg + Sync Msg +Follow_Up Msg" at each loop.b.The W32Time service will send a Delay_Req Msg to the PTP master and PTP master will respond witha Delay_Resp Msg for the time sync.•In the Windows Start menu, run cmd as an administrator and enter w32time.exe /query /status/verbose.I f the "Last Sync Error" shows "0 (The command completed successfully)", the time sync wassuccessful.3.Linux PTP Settings Prerequisites1.Install Debian 11.2.Install the linuxptp package.apt updateapt upgradeapt install ssh linuxptp ethtool build-essential3.Disable the systemd time sync daemon service to avoid unexpected operations.systemctl stop systemd-timesyncdsystemctl disable systemd-timesyncdA Simple TopologyDebian linuxptp PackageThe linuxptp is an implementation of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) for Linux according to the IEEEstandard 1588. Features include:•Support for hardware and software time stamping via Linux•SO_TIMESTAMPING socket option•Support for the Linux PTP Hardware Clock (PHC) subsystem by using the clock_gettime family of calls, including the new clock_adjtimex system call•Implementation of Boundary Clock (BC) and Ordinary Clock (OC)•Transport over UDP/IPv4, UDP/IPv6, and raw Ethernet (Layer 2)•Support for IEEE 802.1AS-2011 in the role of an end stationAdditional information is available at: https:///bullseye/linuxptpPTP provides higher precision and faster synchronization than NTP even without hardware support. And,with hardware support, sub-microsecond accuracy can be expected. Whereas NTP is intended for WAN use.PTP is designed for LAN environments and makes use of UDP multicast.usage: ptp4l [options]Delay Mechanism-A Auto, starting with E2E-E E2E, delay request-response (default)-P P2P, peer delay mechanismNetwork Transport-2 IEEE 802.3-4 UDP IPV4 (default)-6 UDP IPV6Time Stamping-H HARDWARE (default)-S SOFTWARE-L LEGACY HWOther Options-f [file] read configuration from 'file'-i [dev] interface device to use, for example 'eth0'(may be specified multiple times)-p [dev] Clock device to use, default auto(ignored for SOFTWARE/LEGACY HW time stamping)-s slave only mode (overrides configuration file)-l [num] set the logging level to 'num'-m print messages to stdout-q do not print messages to the syslog-v prints the software version and exits-h prints this message and exitsOC ModeLayer 2Set as:•OC master (as a PTP Grandmaster) mode•Layer 2•P2P mode, peer delay mechanism# Assume interface device is 'enp4s0'ptp4l -m -2 -P -i enp4s0Set as:•OC slave mode•Layer 2•P2P mode, peer delay mechanism# Assume interface device is 'enp5s0'ptp4l -m -2 -P -s -i enp5s0# with log: ptp4l -m -2 -s -P -i enp5s0 2>&1 | tee $(date+%Y%m%d%H%M%S.log)Layer 4 (UDP IPV4)Set as:•OC master mode•Layer 4•P2P mode, peer delay mechanism# Assume interface device is 'enp4s0'ptp4l -m -4 -P -i enp4s0Set as:•OC slave mode•Layer 4•P2P mode, peer delay mechanism# Assume interface device is 'enp5s0'ptp4l -m -4 -P -s -i enp5s0# with log: ptp4l -m -4 -s -P -i enp5s0 2>&1 | tee $(date+%Y%m%d%H%M%S.log)BC Mode1.Set as BC mode.a.clock_typeSpecifies the PTP clock type. Valid values are "OC" for ordinary clock, "BC" for boundary clock,"P2P_TC" for peer-to-peer transparent clock, and "E2E_TC" for end-to-end transparent clock. Amulti-port ordinary clock will automatically be configured as a boundary clock. The default is "OC".b.boundary_clock_jbodWhen running as a boundary clock (that is, when more than one network interfaces areconfigured), ptp4l performs a sanity check to ensure that all the ports share the same hardwareclock device. This option allows ptp4l to work as a boundary clock using a bunch of devices thatare not synchronized to each other. For this mode, the collection of clocks must be synchronized byan external program, for example phc2sys(8) in automatic mode. The default is 0 (disabled).# For example, edit config file 'bc.cfg'# and assume 'enp12s0' and 'enp4s0' are connected network interface [global]sanity_freq_limit 0step_threshold 0.000002tx_timestamp_timeout 10logMinPdelayReqInterval 0logSyncInterval 0logAnnounceInterval 0announceReceiptTimeout 3syncReceiptTimeout 2twoStepFlag 1summary_interval 0clock_type BCpriority1 128priority2 127delay_mechanism P2P[enp12s0]boundary_clock_jbod 1network_transport UDPv4fault_reset_interval 0[enp4s0]boundary_clock_jbod 1network_transport UDPv4fault_reset_interval 0# run the ptp4l procedureptp4l -m -f bc.cfg# use phc2sys to sync sys clock for 10Hzphc2sys -a -m -r -R 102.Set as OC master (p2p).# edit 'oc_gm_p2p.cfg', assume 'enp5s0' as NIC[global]twoStepFlag 1priority1 127masterOnly 1delay_mechanism P2P[enp5s0]network_transport UDPv4# exec as OC masterptp4l -m -f oc_gm_p2p.cfg3.Set as OC slave.# edit 'oc_sl.cfg', assume 'enp4s0' as NIC[global]twoStepFlag 1slaveOnly 1delay_mechanism P2P[enp4s0]network_transport UDPv4# exec as OC slaveptp4l -m -s -f oc_sl.cfgphc2sysThe phc2sys program, included in the linuxptp package, synchronizes two or more clocks in the system.Typically, it is used to synchronize the system clock to a PTP hardware clock (PHC), which itself issynchronized by the ptp4l(8) program.phc2sys -a -m -r -R 10Additional information is available at: https:///bullseye/linuxptp/phc2sys.8.en.html One Pulse Per Second (1PPS)One Pulse Per Second (1PPS) is a time synchronization feature that allows the adapter to be able to send or receive 1 pulse/sec on a dedicated pin on the adapter card.Example Code for SetupIn this example we have two servers connected back-to-back with the 1PPS pin on the adapter. One server will generate the 1PPS signal (1PPS out), while the other server will receive the 1PPS signal (1PPS in).https:///torvalds/linux/master/tools/testing/selftests/ptp/testptp.cwegthttps:///torvalds/linux/master/tools/testing/selftests/ptp/testptp.cgcc -Wall -lrt testptp.c -o testptp./testptp -husage: testptp [options]-c query the ptp clock's capabilities-d name device to open-e val read 'val' external time stamp events-f val adjust the ptp clock frequency by 'val' ppb-g get the ptp clock time-h prints this message-i val index for event/trigger-k val measure the time offset between system and phc clockfor 'val' times (Maximum 25)-l list the current pin configuration-L pin,val configure pin index 'pin' with function 'val'the channel index is taken from the '-i' option'val' specifies the auxiliary function:0 - none1 - external time stamp2 - periodic output-p val enable output with a period of 'val' nanoseconds-H val set output phase to 'val' nanoseconds (requires -p)-w val set output pulse width to 'val' nanoseconds (requires -p)-P val enable or disable (val=1|0) the system clock PPS-s set the ptp clock time from the system time-S set the system time from the ptp clock time-t val shift the ptp clock time by 'val' seconds-T val set the ptp clock time to 'val' seconds-z test combinations of rising/falling external time stamp flagsConfigurationUse ethtool to check the Time Synchronization support on the relevant port# Assume HSR-PRP-I210 interlink interface is 'enp4s0'# To get 'PTP Hardware Clock' indexroot@ptp2:/home/moxa# ethtool -T enp4s0Time stamping parameters for enp4s0:Capabilities:hardware-transmitsoftware-transmithardware-receivesoftware-receivesoftware-system-clockhardware-raw-clockPTP Hardware Clock: 0Hardware Transmit Timestamp Modes:offonHardware Receive Filter Modes:noneall# Get index is '0', the corresponding ptp device node is '/dev/ptp0'# Query the ptp clock's capabilities.root@ptp2:/home/moxa# ./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -ccapabilities:62499999 maximum frequency adjustment (ppb)0 programmable alarms2 external time stamp channels2 programmable periodic signals1 pulse per second4 programmable pins0 cross timestamping0 adjust_phase# Check the current pin configuration:# name: Pin name.# index: The Pin number.# func (function): The pin Configuration# 0 - none# 1 - 1PPS In# 2 - 1PPS Out (periodic output)# chan (channel) - Reserved field.root@ptp2:/home/moxa# ./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -lname SDP0 index 0 func 2 chan 0name SDP1 index 1 func 0 chan 0name SDP2 index 2 func 0 chan 0name SDP3 index 3 func 0 chan 0Setting Up the 1PPS In Server# Assume PTP device node is '/dev/ptp0'# Setup function as '1' (1PPS In) with default channel 0root@ptp1:/home/moxa# ./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -L 0,1# Check the func value was changed.root@ptp1:/home/moxa# ./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -lname SDP0 index 0 func 1 chan 0name SDP1 index 1 func 0 chan 0name SDP2 index 2 func 0 chan 0name SDP3 index 3 func 0 chan 0# On the 1PPS in server# set the maximum number of events to be set/handled by the application.root@ptp1:/home/moxa#./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -e 1000Some applications may need to read the timestamp from a file. To write the time stamps into a file, enable the pps_enable sysfs parameter in the 1 PPS in server.root@ptp1:/home/moxa# echo 1 > /sys/class/ptp/ptp0/pps_enableroot@ptp1:/home/moxa# watch -n 1 'cat /sys/class/pps/pps0/assert' No changes are needed on the 1 PPS out server.To disable it again and get the timestamps to the terminal, run the following commands:root@ptp1:/home/moxa# echo 0 > /sys/class/ptp/ptp0/pps_enableroot@ptp1:/home/moxa#./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -e 1000Setting Up the 1PPS Out Server# Assume PTP device node is '/dev/ptp0'# Setup function as '2' (1PPS Out) with default channel 0root@ptp2:/home/moxa# ./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -L 0,2# Check the func value was changed.root@ptp2:/home/moxa# ./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -lname SDP0 index 0 func 2 chan 0name SDP1 index 1 func 0 chan 0name SDP2 index 2 func 0 chan 0name SDP3 index 3 func 0 chan 0# On the 1PPS out server, enabled 1PPS using -p 1000000000 (in nsec)root@ptp2:/home/moxa# ./testptp -d /dev/ptp0 -p 1000000000Example for Latching Signal SDP0Additional References•https:///doc/html/latest/driver-api/ptp.html•https:///s/article/How-To-Test-1PPS-on-Mellanox-Adapters#jive_content_id_1PPS_out•https:///zh-tw/sled/15-SP2/html/SLED-all/cha-tuning-ptp.html•REN_Linux-Kernel-Supp-IEEE-1588-HW-TimeS_WHP_20210129.pdf。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。