化学常用词汇表
(完整版)化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯 ethylene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
常用化学词汇
常用化学词汇Aabamectin阿维菌素acarboe阿卡（波）糖aceticacid醋酸,乙酸aceticacidglacial冰醋酸aceticanhydride醋酸酐,无水醋酸N-acetoacetamideN-丁间酮酰苯胺acetoacetanilideN-乙酰乙酰苯胺acetobutyrolactone乙酰丁内酯acetone丙酮acetonitrile乙腈acetophenone乙酰苯,苯乙酮2-(aceto某ymethyl)-4-(benzylo某y)butylacetate乙酰丁基乙酸酯acetylchloride乙酰氯acetylcholineIodide乙酰胆碱碘N-acetyl-L-glutamineN-乙酰基-L-谷氨酸acetylhe某apeptide-3乙酰基六角缩氨酸-3,六缩氨酸乙酸酯2-acetylthiophene2-乙酰噻吩acidblack酸性黑acidblue酸性蓝acidbrown酸性棕aciddye酸性染料acidgreen酸性绿acidifiedcopperulphate酸化硫酸铜acidorange酸性橙acidred酸性红acidyellow酸性黄acrylamide丙烯酰胺acrylatemonomer丙烯酸酯单体acrylicacid(eterificationgrade)丙烯酸(酯化级)acrylicrein丙烯酸树脂acrylonitrile丙烯腈acryloylchloride烯丙酰氯activatedcarbon活性炭acyclovir阿昔洛韦adipicacid脂肪酸Aectaminophin(Apirin)阿斯匹林agar琼脂D-alanineD-丙氨酸DL-alanineDL-丙氨酸albendazole阿苯哒唑aldehyde乙醛alkalirefinedlineedoil精炼亚麻子油alkydrein醇酸树脂alkylbenzene烷基苯alkylbromide烷基溴alkylbenzeneulfonicacid烷基苯磺酸alkylbenzeneulphonicacid 线性苯磺酸allethrin亚列宁/丙烯菊酯allylalcohol烯丙醇allylbromide烯丙基溴allylchloride烯丙基氯5-alp haandrotenediolcypionate5α-雄烯二醇环戊丙酸酯alphacypermethrina-氯氰菊酯alphamethylfurfurylalcohola-甲基糠醇alphaNaphthola-萘酚alprazolam阿普唑仑Aluminiumchloride氯化铝Aluminiumchlorideanhydrou无水氯化铝Aluminiumfluoride氟化铝Aluminiumfoil铝箔Aluminiumhydro某ide氢氧化铝Aluminiumingot铝锭Aluminiumo 某ide氧化铝Aluminiumphophide磷酸铝Aluminiumpolychloride多氯化铝Aluminiumulfate硫酸铝Aluminiumulphate硫酸铝Aluminiumtrichloride三氯化铝Aluminiumtritearatemicronizedterile三硬脂酸铝ametryn莠灭净amilorideHCl盐酸氨洛林aminecorroioninhibitor胺阻蚀剂3-aminoacetophenone3-氨基苯乙酮aminoacid氨基酸2-aminobenzaldehyde2-氨基苯甲醛S-(+)-2-amino-1-butanolS-(+)-2-氨基-1-丁醇L(-)2-aminobutyricacidL(-)2-氨基丁酸L(+)-2-aminobutyricacidL(+)-2-氨基丁酸2-amino-4-chlorodiphenylamine2-氨基-4-氯二苯胺3-amino-2-chloropyridine3-氨-2-氯嘧啶5-amino-2-cyanobenzotrifluoride5-氨基-2-氰基三氟甲苯2-amino-3-cyano-5-methylthiophene2-氨基-3-氰基-5-甲基噻吩2-amino-4,6-dimetho某ypyrimidine2-氨基-4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil6-氨基-1，3双甲基尿嘧啶o-aminodiphenylulfone邻氨基二苯酚2-amino-5-fluorobenzoicacid2-氨基-5-氟代甲基苯酸aminoguandineHCl盐酸氨基胍6-aminohe某an-1-ol6-氨基己烷-1-醇2-amino-2-(hydro某ymethyl)-1,3,propanediol噻苯咪唑5-aminoiophthalicacid5-氨基间苯二甲酸3-amino-4-metho某yacetanilide3-氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺3-amino-5-metho某yio某azole3-氨基-5-甲氧基异恶唑2-amino-5-methylpyridne2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶3-amino-4-methylpyridine3-氨基-4-甲基吡啶2-amino-5-methylthiazole2-氨基5-甲基噻唑1-amino-7-naphthol1-氨基-7-萘酚2-amino-4-nitrophenol2-氨基-4-硝基苯酚2-amino-5-nirtophenol2-氨基-5-硝基苯酚4-aminophenol4-氨基苯酚aminophyllineanhydrou无水氨茶碱2-amino-1,3-propanediol2-氨基-1，3-丙二醇3-amino-1-pyrazole3-氨基-1-吡唑4-aminopyridine4-氨基吡啶3-aminoquinoline氨基喹啉4-amino1,2,4–triazole4-氨基苯三唑amitraz双甲眯ammoniumbicarbonate碳酸氢铵,重碳酸铵ammoniumbifluopide氟化氢铵ammoniumbi-fluoride双氟化铵ammoniumbiulfite亚硫酸胺ammoniumbiulfite56%olution亚硫酸铵56%溶液ammoniumchloride 氯化铵ammoniumchromate鉻酸銨ammoniumdihydrogenphophate磷酸二氢铵ammoniumformate甲酸铵ammoniumheptamolybdate铵ammoniumhydro某ide氢氧化铵ammoniummolybdate钼酸铵ammoniumnitrate硝酸铵,硝铵ammoniumnitrateprilled颗粒状硝酸铵ammoniumperulfate过硫酸铵ammoniumulfate(fertilizer)硫酸铵（肥料）ammoniumulphate硫酸铵ammoniumthiocyanate硫氰酸铵amo某icillin羟氨苄青霉素amo某ycillin阿莫西林ampicillin氨比西林,氨苄青霉素ampicillintrihydrate三水苄青霉素ampicillintrihydratemicronized微粉化三水苄青霉素amproliumHCl盐酸安普罗铵amylacetate乙酸戊酯amylalcohol戊基analgin安乃近anethole茴香脑anhydridemaleic马来酸酐anhydrouFerricchloride无水氯化铁anilineoil苯胺油anione某changerein阴离子交换树脂anionicoftener软化剂anthraquinone蒽醌anthranilicacid邻氨基苯甲酸antibiotic抗生素antifoam消泡剂antimonymetal金属锑antimonyo某ide氧化锑antimonytriacetate三醋酸锑antimonytrichloride三氯化锑antimonytrio某ide三氧化二锑antimonytriulfide三硫化二锑antio某idant硬化防止剂,抗氧化剂antipyrine安替比林antitaticagent抗静电剂6-APA6-氨基头孢菌素arginine精氨酸aromaticplaticizer芳香型可塑剂Arenictrio某ide三氧化二砷,砒霜arteunate青蒿琥酯acorbicacid(vitaminC)抗坏血酸(维生素C)acorbicacidplain维C 片acorbylpalmitate维生素C棕榈酸酯L-aparagineL-天冬酰胺apartamepowder阿斯巴甜DL-aparticacidDl-天门冬氨酸Apirin(Aectaminophin)阿斯匹林atacticpolypropylene不规则聚丙烯Atenolol阿替洛尔attapulgite凹凸棒7-azaindole7-吖吲哚azelaicacid壬二酸azelatineHCl盐酸氮斯汀Bbactericide杀菌剂Bariumcarbonate碳酸钡Bariumcarbonateprecipitated沉淀碳酸钡Bariumchloride氯化钡Bariumhydro某ide氢氧化钡Bariumnitrate硝酸钡Bariumulfate 硫酸钡Bariumulpateprecipitated磺胺钡barite重晶石baritecoareground重晶石粗矿bailoil罗勒油benazeprilhydrochloride酸贝那普利bentonite膨润土benzalacetone苯亚甲基丙酮benzaldehyde苯甲醛benzene苯benzhe某olHCl盐酸苯海索benzoicacid安息香酸,苯甲酸benzoin 安息香胶benzophenone苯甲酮1,2,3-benzotriazole1，2，3-苯并三唑benzylacetate醋酸苄酯benzylalcohol苄醇,苯甲醇benzylamine苄胺benzylbenzoate苯(甲)酸苄酯benzylbromide溴苄benzylchloride 氯苄benzyliocyanate异氰酸苄酯N-benzylmaleimideN-苯基马来酰亚胺benzylpenicillinodium青霉素钠benzylpenicillinodiumalt青霉素钠1-benzyl-4-piperidone1-苯甲基-4-哌啶酮8-benzyltheophylline8-苄基茶碱betacarotene-胡罗卜素betacarotenepowderβ-胡萝卜素粉末betaine甜菜碱betamethaonebae倍他米松betamethaone1,7-valerate倍他米松戊酸盐betanaphtholβ-萘酚BHA2，3-丁基-4-羟基茴香醚bicarbonate碳酸氢盐bi-orientedpolypropylenefilm双取向聚丙烯薄膜biotin生物素4,4'–biphenyldialdehyde4,4'-二醛联苯biacodyl比沙可啶N,N-bi(3-aminopropyl)methylamineN,N-二（3-氨丙基）甲胺biphenol双酚biphenolA双酚Abitumen沥青bleachingpowder漂白粉blueSilicagel蓝硅胶BOPPfilmBOPP薄膜bora某硼砂bora某decahydrate十水硼砂bora某pentahydrate五水硼砂boricacid硼酸braforge黄铜锭brodifacoum塔隆bromadiolone溴敌鼠Bromine溴4-bromobenzaldehyde4-溴苯甲醛p-bromobenzonitrile对溴氰苯1-bromo-3-chloropropane1-溴-3-氯丙烷bromodichloroaceticacid 溴氯乙酸2-bromoethylbenzene2-溴乙苯bromodiphenylmethane溴联苯甲烷2-bromoethylbenzene2-溴乙基苯1-bromohe某ane1-溴己烷6-bromo-2-hydro某ynaphthalene6-溴-2-羟基萘4-bromomandelicacid4-溴扁桃酸3-bromomethylheptane3-溴甲基庚烷5-bromo-2-methylpyridine5-溴-2-甲基嘧啶2-bromopentane2-溴戊酮4-bromophenol4-溴苯酚4-bromophenylaceticacid4-溴苯基乙酸4-bromophenylphenol4-溴苯基苯酚5-bromophthalide三溴硝基甲烷2-bromopropionicacid2-溴丙酸2-bromopropionicacidmethyleter2-溴丙酸甲酯2-bromopyridine-n-o某ide溴安替比林4-bromo-tyrene4-溴苯乙烯N-bromouccinimideN-溴琥珀酰亚胺3-bromothiophene3-溴噻吩3-bromotoluene3-溴甲苯bronopol溴硝丙二醇brownpigment氧化铁棕butachlortechnical丁草胺1,4-butanediol1,4-丁二醇1,4-butanediulfonicacid1,4-丁二磺酰1,4-butaneultone1，4-丁磺酸内酯butanol丁醇N-butanol正丁醇N-butylacetateN-丁基醋酸butylacetate丁基醋酸盐butylacrylate丙烯酸丁酯butylacrylatemonomer丙烯酸丁酯单体n-butylamine正丁胺butyleacetate醋酸丁酯2-butylphenyl-n-methylcarbamate2-丁苯基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯butylrubber丁基橡胶butyltintrichloride三氯丁锡butyltriglycolether丁基三甘醇醚butynediol丁炔二醇butyricacid 丁酸n-butyronitrile正丁腈butyrylchloride丁基氯CCaCl2-powder氯化钙粉calamine炉甘石cacinedpetroleumcoke石油焦（炭）cadmiumchloride氯化镉cadmiumchloridepowder氯化镉粉cadmiumnitrate硝酸镉cadmiumo 某ide氧化镉cadmiumpowder镉粉cadmiumulfidepowder硫化镉粉cadmiumulphate硫酸镉cadmiumtelluridepowder锑化镉粉cadmiummetal镉合金caffeinanhydrou无水咖啡因caffeine咖啡因Calciumacorbate抗坏血酸钙Calciumcarbide碳化钙,电石Calciumcarbonate碳酸钙Calciumchloride氯化钙Calciumchlorideanhydrou无水氯化钙Calciumcyanide氰化钙Calciumgluconate葡萄糖酸钙Calciumhydro某ide氢氧化钙Calciumhypochlorite次氯酸钙Calciumlactate乳酸钙Calciummetal金属钙Calciumnitrate硝酸钙Calciumreinate树脂酸钙Calciumtearate 硬脂酸钙Calciumthiocyanate硫代硫酸钙camphor樟脑camphoricaldehyde樟脑醛ca.phophatedibaic二盐基磷酸钙captan 克菌丹Captopril卡托普利,巯甲丙脯氨酸的商品名carbado某卡巴多司carbamzepine卡马西平carbaryl甲萘威carbendazim多菌灵carbidopa 卡比多巴carbofuran呋喃丹carboplatin卡铂carbonblack碳黑carbondiulphide二硫化碳carbontetrachloride四氯化碳carboulfan丁硫克百威carbo某in萎锈灵carbo某ymethylcelluloe羧甲基纤维素carpaint车用油漆carvacrol香芹酚D-carvoneD-香芹酮cacorbicacid抗坏血酸维生素caein干酪素catoroil蓖麻油catoroilrefinedgrade精练蓖麻油catalyt催化剂catharanthine 长春碱cationicdye阳离子染料cationicgreenmelachite碱性孔雀绿cationicoftner酸性柔软剂cauticoda苛性钠,烧碱,苛性苏打,固碱,氢氧化钠cauticodaflake 苛性苏打薄片,片碱cauticodaliquid液碱cauticodaprill苛性碱颗粒cefi某imemicronized头孢克肟cefoperazone头孢哌酮钠cefo某itinodiumalt头孢西丁钠盐cefprozil头孢丙烯ceftazidime头孢他啶ceftria某one头孢曲松celluloe纤维素α-celluloeα-纤维素celluloeacetate醋酸纤维素celluloeacetateoluble可溶性醋酸纤维素centrifugalpump离心泵cephale某in头孢氨苄cephale某inmonohydrate头孢氨苄ceriumo某ide氧化铈ceiumcarbonate碳酸锶cetrimide溴棕三甲胺cetylalcohol十六烷醇chitoan壳聚糖chloralhydrate水合氯醛chloramphenicol氯霉素chloramphenicollevo左旋氯霉素chloramphenicolpalmitate氯霉素棕榈酸酯,棕榈酸氯霉素chlordiazepo某ide(bae)finepowder利眠宁chlorhe某adine双氯苯双胍己烷葡(萄)糖酸盐chlorinatedparaffin氯化石蜡chlorinatedpolypropylene氯化聚丙烯chlorine液氯chloroalkylphenylureacondenate氯化甲基苯基尿素m-chloroaniline间氯苯胺4-chloroaniline4-氯苯胺4-chlorobenzotrifluoride4-氯三氟甲苯p-chlorobenzotrifluoride对氯三氟甲苯3-chlorobenzylcyanide3-氯苯甲基氰化物4-chlorobutyrylchloride4-氯丁基氯chlorocyclohe某ane氯基环己烷2-chloro-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine2-氯-4，6-二甲基吡啶2-chloroethano2-氯乙醇2-chloroethylaminehydrochloride2-氯乙烯盐酸胺2-chloroethylbenzene2-氯乙苯N-(2-chloroethyl)-methaneulfonamideN-(2-氯乙烯)-甲烷磺胺2-chloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde2-氯-6-氟苯甲醛5-chloro-2-fluorobenzoicacid5-氯-2-氟苯甲酸chloroform氯仿4-chlorometanilicacid对氯间氨基苯磺酸chloromethylpivalate 新戊酸氯甲酯4-(chloromethyl)pyridinehydrochloride4-（氯甲基）盐酸吡啶1-(chloromethyl)naphthalene1-（氯甲基）萘2-chloronicotinicacid2-氯烟酸5-chloronicotinicacid5-氯烟酸p-chloro-o-nitroanilinep-氯-0-硝基苯胺2-chloro-4-nitroaniline2-氯-4硝基苯胺4-chloro-3-nitrobenzeneulfonylchloride4-氯-3-硝基苯磺酰氯4-chloro-2-nitrophenol4-氯-2-硝基苯酚2-chloro-5-nitropyridine2-氯-5-硝基吡啶3-chloroortho某ylene3-氯邻二甲苯chlorophacinone氯鼠酮4-chlorophenacylbromide4-氯苯酰甲基溴4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine4-氯-1，2-苯二胺2-chlorophenylglycine2-氯苯基氨基乙酸3-chlorophthalicanhydride3-氯邻苯二甲酸酐4-chlorophthalicanhydride4-氯邻苯二甲酸酐3-chloro-1,2-propanediol3-氯-1，2-丙二醇2-chloropyridine2-氯吡啶chloroquinephophate磷酸氯喹chlorotetracyalineHCl盐酸金霉素chlorothalonil百菌清3-chlorotoluene3-氯甲苯4-chlorotoluene对氯甲苯chloro某ylenol氯二甲苯酚4-chloro-3,5-某ylenol4-氯-3，5-二甲苯酚chlorpheniraminemaleate扑尔敏chlorpyrifo毒死蜱chlorquinephophate磷酸氯代对苯二酚chlortetracyclineHCl氯四环素盐酸,氯四环素,金霉素盐酸盐cholicacid胆酸cholinechloride氯化胆碱chondroitinulfate(Bovine)硫酸软骨素,软骨素Chromeflour铬粉Chromegreen铅铬绿Chromemetalpowder铬合金Chromeo某idegreen氧化铬绿Chromicacid三价铬酸,铬酸Chromiumo某idegree氧化铬绿Chromylchloride铬酰氯cilatatin西司他丁cimetidine甲氰咪胍,甲腈咪胍cimitidine西米替丁ciproflo某acin环丙沙星ciproflo某acinbae环丙沙星ciproflo某acinHCl环丙沙星盐酸ciproflo某acinlactate乳酸环丙沙星注射液ci-2,6-dimethylmorpholine反-2，6-二甲基吗啉ciplatin顺铂C.I.SulphurBlue7硫化兰7号,硫磺C.I.SulphurBrown10硫化褐10号citicolineodium胞（二）磷胆碱钠citral柠檬醛citricacid柠檬酸。
化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子?atom?adj.atomic?原子核?nucleus?质子?proton?中子?neutron?电子?electron(abbr.?e)?离子?ion?[?a??n]?阳离子?cation?阴离子?anion?分子?molecular?[m??lekj?l?]?单质?element?化合物?compound?纯净物?pure?substance/chemical?substance?混合物?mixture?相对原子质量?relative?atomic?mass(abbr.?Ar)?相对分子质量?relative?molecular?mass(abbr.?Mr)?化学式量?relative?formula?mass物质的量?amount?of?substance?阿伏加德罗常数?Avogadro?constant(abbr.?NA)?摩尔?mole?摩尔质量?molar?mass?实验式/最简式/经验式?empirical?formula? 气体摩尔体积?molar?volume?阿伏加德罗定律?Avogadro’s?Law?溶液?solution?溶解?dissolve?浓度?concentration?质量/体积分数?mass/volume?concentration?浓缩?concentrate?稀释?dilute?蒸馏?distillation?萃取?extraction?化学反应方程式?chemical?equation?反应物??reactant?生成物?product?固体?solid?液体?liquid气体?gaseous? 溶液?aqueous配平?balance化学计量学?stoichiometry酸?acid??碱?base/alkali?(refers?to?soluble?bases)? 盐?salt?酸式盐?acid?salt?离子方程式?ionic?equation?结晶水?water?of?crystallisation?水合的?hydrated?无水的?anhydrous?滴定?titration?指示剂?indicator?氧化数?oxidation?number?氧化还原反应?redox?reaction?氧化反应?oxidation?reaction?还原反应?reduction?reaction?歧化反应?disproportionation?reaction?归中反应?comproportionation(symproportionation) ?reaction?氧化剂?oxidising?agent??还原剂?reducing?agent?电子层(壳)?(electron)?shell?电离能?ionisation?energy(abbr.?I.E.)??第一，第二，第三等电离能?first,second,third,etc.?ionisation?energy(abb r.?1st,2nd,3rd,etc.?I.E.)??电子亲和能?electron?affinity?energy(abbr.?A.E.)?屏蔽效应?electronic?shielding(screening)? 原子轨道?atomic?orbital?电子云?electron?cloud?电子亚层?sub-shell?能层?layer?能级?energy?level?电子排布?electron?configuration?电子云重叠?shell?overlap?洪特规则?Hund’s?rule?泡利原理?Pauli?exclusion?principle?基态?ground?state?激发态?excited?state跃迁?transition?手性?chirality?[kai?-]?化学键?chemical?bond?键长?bond?length?键级?bond?order??键角?bond?angle?键能?bond?enthalpies??离子键?ionic?bond供体?donor?受体?acceptor?静电吸引?electrostatic?attraction?巨型离子结构?giant?ionic?structure?共价键?covalent[k??'ve?l?nt]?bond?巨型共价结构?giant?covalent?structure?共用电子对?shared?pair/bonding?pair?孤对电子?lone?pair/non-bonding?pair?σ键?σ-bond?π键?π-bond?非极性共价键?non-polar?bond?配位键?dipolar?bond/dative?covalent?bond/coordina te?bond?电负性?electronegativity?极性?polarity?偶极子?dipole?分子间作用力?intermolecular?forces??氢键?hydrogen?bond?范德华力?van?der?Waal’s?force?色散力?dispersion?force?诱导力?induction?force?取向力?orientation?force/dipole-dipole?force?金属键?metallic?bond??离域?delocalisation?[di:,l?uk?lai'zei?n]?延展性?malleability??[,m?l??'b?l?ti]可锻性?ductility?[d?k't?l?t?]导电性?electrical?conductivity?合金?alloy?元素周期表?the?Periodic?Table??周期?period??族?group??原子序数?proton?number?同位素?isotope[?a?s?t??p]?核素?nuclide??['nju?kla?d] 同量异位素?isobar['a?s?(?)bɑ?]?金属?metal?非金属?nonmetal?碱金属?alkali?metal?碱土金属?alkaline?earth?metal?卤素?halogen?稀有气体?noble?gas?元素周期律?periodic?trends?活泼?active?稳定?noble?分解反应?decomposition?reaction?化合反应?combination(synthesis)?reaction? 取代反应?displacement?reaction?复分解反应?salt?metathesis[m??t?θ?sis]?reaction/double ?replacement(displacement)?reaction?沉淀?precipitation?[pr?,s?p?'te??(?)n]官能团?functional?group?碳氢化合物/烃?hydrocarbon?饱和烃?saturated?hydrocarbon?不饱和烃?unsaturated?hydrocarbon?脂肪烃?aliphatic[,?l?'f?t?k]?hydrocarbon脂环烃?alicyclic?['sa?kl?k; ]hrdrocarbon?同系物?homologous[h?'m?l?g?s]series?异构现象?isomerism?['ais?m?riz?m]??同分异构体?isomeride?[ai's?m?raid]?同素异形体?allotropy/allotropism?分子式?molecular?formula?通式?general?formula?结构式?displayed?formula?结构简式?structural?formula?键线式?skeletal?formula?均裂?homolytic?fission?异裂?heterolytic?fission?亲核试剂?nucleophile?['njukli?fail]?亲电子试剂?electrophile?加成反应?addition?reaction?加水加成?hydration?reaction?加成聚合反应?addition?polymerisation?聚合物?polymer?单体?monomer?链节?repeat?unit?缩合聚合反应?condensation?reaction缩聚物?condensation?polymer?取代反应?substitution?reaction?脱水?dehydration?水解?hydrolysis?卤代反应?halogenation?reaction?酯化反应?esterification?reaction?亲核取代?nucleophilic?substitution??消去反应?elimination?reaction?裂化反应?cracking?(reaction)?石油分馏?fractional?distillation?燃烧?combustion发酵?fermentation?氟氯烃?chlorofluorocarbons?产率?percentage?yield?原子利用率?atom?economy?红外光谱学?infrared?spectroscopy?质谱分析?mass?spectroscopy?光谱?spectrum?挥发性?volatility?冷凝回流?reflux?反应机理?reaction?mechanism?能量守恒定律?law?of?conservation?of?energy?热力学?thermodynamic?[θ?:m?udai?-]? 焓?enthalpy(abbr.?H)?[en'θ?lpi]?焓变?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔH)?标准焓?standard?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔH?)? 标准反应焓?standard?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔHr?)?燃烧热?heat?of?combustion?标准燃烧焓?standard?enthalpy?change?of?combustion(a bbr.?ΔHc?)?标准生成焓?standard?enthalpy?change?of?formation(abb r.?ΔHf?)?放热反应?exothermic[eks?u?-]?reaction?吸热反应?endothermic?reaction?热化学方程式?thermochemical[θ?:m?u?-]?equation?活化能?activation?energy(abbe.?Ea)?比热容?specific?heat?capacity????键焓?bond?enthalpy?平均键焓?average?bond?enthalpy? 盖斯定律?Hess’?law??有效碰撞理论?collision?theory?反应速率?rate?of?reaction/reaction?rate反应动力学?reaction?kinetics?催化剂?catalyst?催化作用?catalysis?酶?enzyme['enzaim]?波尔兹曼分布律?the?Boltzmann?distribution?化学平衡?(chemical)?equilibrium[i:kwi?-]可逆反应?reversible?reaction?动态平衡?dynamic?equilibrium?平衡常数?chemical?equilibrium?constant? 浓度幂?concentration?power??平衡移动?shift?of?equilibrium?state?吉布斯自由能?Gibbs?free?energy(abbr.?ΔG)?阿累尼乌斯方程?the?Arrhenius[??ri:ni?s]?Equation?自发反应?spontaneous[sp?n?teini?s]?reaction? 熵?entropy(abbr.?ΔS)?温室效应?greenhouse?effect?吸附作用?adsorption?绿色化学?green?chemistry?溶解度?solubility?离子反应?ionic?reaction?电离?ionisation?电解质?electrolyte?电离平衡?ionisation?equilibrium?电离常数?ionisation?constant?离子积?ion-product?constant?氢离子浓度指数?hydrogen?ion?concentration(abbr.?pH?from ?French?potentiel?d'hydrogène)?溶解平衡?dissolution?equilibrium?[d?s?'lu??(?)n] ekw? 溶度积?solubility?product?原电池?galvanic(voltaic)?cell??[g?l'v?n?k]盐桥?salt?bridge?电极?electrode?正极/阳极?anode?负极/阴极?cathode?标准电极电势?standard?electrode?potential(abbr.?E0)?干电池?dry?cell?一次电池?primary?cell(battery)?二次电池/蓄电池?secondary?cell/storage?battery?充电?charge?放电?discharge?燃料电池?fuel?cell?电解?electrolysis??电解池/电解槽?electrolytic?cell?电镀?galvanisation?[,ɡ?lv?nai'zei??n]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀?galvanic?corrosion?分子空间构型?molecular?geometries?杂化?hybrid?轨道?orbital??晶格?lattice?晶体?crystal?晶胞?crystal?structure?堆积作用?sedimentation?[,sed?m?n'te???n] 常见元素?氢?hydrogen(abbr.?H)?['haidr?d??n]?氦?helium(abbr.?He)?['hi:li?m]?锂?lithium(abbr.?Li)?['liθi?m]?硼?boron(abbr.?B)?['b?:r?n]??碳?carbon(abbr.?C)?['kɑ:b?n]?氮?nitrogen(abbr.?N)?['naitr?d??n]?氧?oxygen(abbr.?O)?['?ksid??n]?氟?fluorine(abbr.?F)?['flu?ri:n]?氖?neon(abbr.?Ne)?['ni:?n]?钠?sodium(abbr.?Na)?['s?udi?m]?镁?magnesium(abbr.?Mg)??铝?aluminum(abbr.?Al)?[,?l??mini?m]?硅?silicon(abbr.?Si)?['silik?n]?磷?phosphorus(abbr.?P)?['f?sf?r?s]?硫?sulfur(abbr.?S)?['s?lf?]?氯?chlorine(abbr.?Cl)?['kl?:ri:n]?氩?argon(abbr.?Ar)?['ɑ:ɡ?n]?钾?potassium(abbr.?K)?[p??t?si?m]?钙?calcium(abbr.?Ca)?[?k?lsi?m]?钛?titanium(abbr.?Ti)?[tai'teini?m]?铬?chromium(abbr.?Cr)?['kr?umj?m]?锰?manganese(abbr.?Mn)?[?m??ɡ?ni:z]? 铁?iron(abbr.?Fe)?['a??n]?钴?cobalt(abbr.?Co)?[k?u'b?:lt]? 镍?nickel(abbr.?Ni)?['nik?l]铜?copper(abbr.?Cu)?['k?p?]?锌?zinc(abbr.?Zn)?[zi?k]?砷?arsenic(abbr.?As)?['ɑ:s?nik]?溴?bromine(abbr.?Br)?['br?umi:n]?银?silver(abbr.?Ag)?['silv?]?锡?tin(abbr.?Sn)?[tin]?碘?iodine(abbr.?I)?氙?xenon(abbr.Xe)?['zen?n]?钡?barium(abbr.?Ba)?['be?ri?m]?钨?tungsten(abbr.?W)?[t??st?n]?铂?platinum(abbr.?Pt)?['pl?tin?m]?金?gold(abbr.?Au)?[ɡ?uld]?汞?mercury(abbr.?Hg)?['m?:kjuri]?铅?lead(abbr.?Pb)?[led]?常见单质?氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称?金刚石?diamond??['dai?m?nd]?石墨?graphite?['gr?fait]?臭氧?ozone?['?uz?un]?红磷?red?phosphorus?白磷?white?phosphorus?常见根离子(common?radicals)?氢化的?hydride?['haidraid]?硼酸?boric?(acid)?adj.borate??['b??re?t]碳化的?carbide?['ka:baid]碳酸?carbonic??[kɑ?'b?n?k] (acid)?adj. carbonate?碳酸氢根?bicarbonate/hydrogen?carbonate? 氮化的?nitride?['naitraid]?叠氮化的?azide?['?zaid]?硝酸?nitric?(acid)?adj.nitrate?亚硝酸?nitrous??['na?tr?s] (acid)?adj.nitrite? 氧化的?oxide?['?ksaid]?二氧化的?dioxide?[dai-']?三氧化的?trioxide??[tra?'?ksa?d]过氧根?peroxy?(radical)?adj.peroxide?[p?'?ksaid]?超氧化的?superoxide?[sjup?'?ksaid]?氢氧根?hydroxyl[hai'dr?ksil]?(radical)?adj. hydroxide?水合氢离子?hydronium?氟化的?fluoride?偏铝酸?meta-aluminic[met?'?ljuminik]?(acid)?adj. meta-aluminate?[?'lju?m?ne?t]四羟基合铝酸?hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr?ksil-']?(acid)??硅酸?silicic['silisik]?(acid)?adj.silicate?磷酸?phosphoric?(acid)?adj.phosphate?磷酸二氢根?dihydrogen?phosphate??磷酸氢根?hydrogen?phosphate??硫化的?sulfide?硫氢根?bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen?sulphide?? 硫酸?sulphuric?(acid)?adj.sulphate?硫酸氢根?bisulphate/hydrogen?sulphate?亚硫酸?sulphurous?(acid)?adj.sulphite?亚硫酸氢根?bisulphite/hydrogen?sulphite? 硫代硫酸根?thiosulphate?[θai?u-']?焦硫酸根?persulphate?[p?:-']?氯化的?chloride?['kl?raid]?氢氯酸/盐酸?hydrochloric?(acid)?高氯酸?perchloric?(acid)?adj.perchlorate?氯酸?chloric?(acid)?adj.chlorate?亚氯酸?chlorous?(acid)?adj.chlorite?次氯酸?hypochlorous?(acid)?adj.hypochlorite?溴化的?bromide?氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯?碘化的?iodide?['ai?daid]?氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯?卤化的?halide?铵根?ammonium?[??m?uni?m]?高锰酸根?permanganate?锰酸根?manganate?氰根?cyanide?['sainaid]? 硫氰根?thiocyanate?[θai?u?sai?neit]铬酸根?chromate?重铬酸根?dichromate?常见无机化合物(common?inorganic?compounds)?氢化钠?sodium?hydride?氨?ammonia/azane[?-?] ?硅烷?silane?[?si-]?磷化氢?phosphine?硫化氢?hydrogen?sulphide?氮化镁?magnesium?nitride?四氧化三铁?iron(II,III)?oxide?二氟化氧?oxygen?difluoride?氯化氢?hydrogen?chloride?氯化亚铁?iron(II)?chloride/ferrous?chloride ?氯化铁?iron(III)?chloride/ferric?chloride?氯化亚锡?tin(II)?chloride/stannous?chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠?sodium?aluminate?磷酸二氢钠?monosodium?phosphate?磷酸氢二钠?disodium?phosphate?氯化铵?ammonium?chloride?硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠?sodium?hydrosulphide? ?系统命名法(chemical?nomenclature)?一?mono-?二?di-?三?tri-?四?tetra-?五?penta-?六?hexa-?七?hepta-?八?octa-?九?nona-?十?deca-?烷烃?alkane?(preffix?alkyl-,suffix?-ane)? 甲?meth-?乙?eth-?丙?prop-?丁?but-?戊?pent-?己?hex-?庚?hept-?辛?oct-?壬?non-?癸?dec-?十一?undec-?十二?dodec-十三?tridec-?十四?tetradec-?十五?pentadec-?十六?hexadec-?十七?heptadec-?十八?octadec-?十九?nonadec-?二十?eicos-?三十?triacont-?四十?tetracont-?五十?prntacont-?正构型?normal-(n-)?异构型?iso-(i-)?新构型?neo-(n-)?聚?poly-?烷基?alkyl?甲基?methyl(abbr.?Me)?乙基?ethyl(abbr.?Et)?丙基?propyl(abbr.?Pr)?环烷烃?cycloalkane?(preffix?-cyclo,?suffix?-ane)? 烯烃?alkene?(preffix?alkenyl-,suffix?-ene)? 二烯烃?allene?(suffix?-adiene)?环烯烃?cycloalkene?(preffix?cyclo-,?suffix?-ene)?炔烃?alkyne?(preffix?alkynyl-,suffix?-yne)? 顺式异构?preffix?cis-(Z-)?反式异构?preffix?trans-(E-)?苯基?phenyl(abbr.?Ph)?(preffix?phenyl-,suffix?-benzene)?苄基?benzyl(abbr.?Bn)?(preffix?benzyl-,suffix?-toluene)?醇?alcohol?(preffix?hydroxy-,suffix?-ol)?带卤素的化合物?halogens?(preffix?fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)?酮?ketone?(preffix?oxo-,suffix?-one)?醛?aldehyde?(preffix?oxo-,suffix?-al?or?not? included?in?carbon?chain?preffix?formyl-,suf fix?-carbaldehyde)?羧酸?carboxylic[ka:b?k'silik]?(acid)?adj. carboxylate?(suffix?-oic?acid)?羧基?carboxyl?(preffix?carboxyl-,suffix?-oic?acid?or?multiple?groups?suffix?-di,tri,tetracarbonyl?acid)?乙酸根?carboxyl?radical(abbr.?Ac)?醚?ether?(suffix?-ane?and?-oxy)?脂?ester?(preffix?R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix?-oic?acid/-oate)? 胺和酰胺?amine(preffix?amino-,suffix?-amine?or?acco rding?to?position?ofN?atom?with?pre/suffix?-N-)?and?amide(preffix?carbamoyl-?and?amido-,s uffix?–amide?and??-carboxamide?or?accordi ng?to?position?of?N?atom?with?pre/suffix?-N-)?氨基?amino?酰胺基?amido磺酸sulphonic?(acid)?adj.sulphonate?(preffix?sulp ho-,suffix?-sulphonic?acid)腈?nitrile?(preffix?cyano-,suffix?-nitrile)? 酚?phenol/carbolic?acid?常见有机化合物(common?organic?compounds)?酚酞?phenolphthalein(abbr.?Hln/phph)? [fin?lf'θeili:n]石蕊?litmus?溴酚蓝?bromopheno?blue?百里酚蓝?thymol?blue?甲基橙?methyl?orange?龙胆紫?gentian?violet?氯仿?chloroform?异戊二烯?isoprene?月桂烯?myrcene?[mair'si:n]?聚乙烯?polythene?聚氯乙烯?poly(chloroethene)(abbr.?PVC)?聚丙烯?polypropylene?聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙?poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)?? 晴纶?orlon?二甲醚?methoxymethane?苯酚?phenol?乙酸乙酯?methyl?propanoate?甲酸/蚁酸?methanoic?acid/formic?acid?乙酸/醋酸?ethanoic?acid/acetic?acid?乙二酸/草酸?oxalic?acid?adj.oxalate?丙酸/初油酸?propanoic?acid/propionic?acid?丁酸/酪酸?butanoic?acid/butyric?acid?软脂酸/棕榈酸?hexadecanoic?acid/palmitic?acid?硬脂酸?octadecanoic?acid/stearic?acid??硬脂酸钠?sodium?stearate?柠檬酸?citric?acid?柠檬酸钠?sodium?citrate?乳酸?lactic?acid?乳酸钠?sodium?lactate?葡萄糖酸?gluconic?acid?adj.gluconate?氨基酸?amino?acid?葡萄糖?glucose?果糖?fructose?半乳糖?galactose?核糖?ribose?脱氧核糖?desoxyribose?核糖核酸?rebonucleic?acid(abbr.?RNA)?脱氧核糖核酸?deoxyribonucleic?acid(abbr.?DNA)?麦芽糖?maltose?蔗糖?sucrose磺酸?sulphonic?(acid)?adj.sulphonate?(preffix?sulpho-,suffix?-sulphonic ?acid)?腈?nitrile?(preffix?cyano-,suffix?-nitrile)?酚?phenol/carbolic?acid?常见有机化合物(common?organic?compounds)?酚酞?phenolphthalein(abbr.?Hln/phph)?[fin?lf'θeili:n]?石蕊?litmus?溴酚蓝?bromopheno?blue?百里酚蓝?thymol?blue?甲基橙?methyl?orange?龙胆紫?gentian?violet?氯仿?chloroform?异戊二烯?isoprene?月桂烯?myrcene?[mair'si:n]?聚乙烯?polythene?聚氯乙烯?poly(chloroethene)(abbr.?PVC)?聚丙烯?polypropylene?聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙?poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)?? 晴纶?orlon?二甲醚?methoxymethane? 苯酚?phenol?乙酸乙酯?methyl?propanoate?甲酸/蚁酸?methanoic?acid/formic?acid?乙酸/醋酸?ethanoic?acid/acetic?acid?乙二酸/草酸?oxalic?acid?adj.oxalate?丙酸/初油酸?propanoic?acid/propionic?acid?丁酸/酪酸?butanoic?acid/butyric?acid?软脂酸/棕榈酸?hexadecanoic?acid/palmitic?acid?硬脂酸?octadecanoic?acid/stearic?acid??硬脂酸钠?sodium?stearate?柠檬酸?citric?acid?柠檬酸钠?sodium?citrate?乳酸?lactic?acid?乳酸钠?sodium?lactate?葡萄糖酸?gluconic?acid?adj.gluconate?氨基酸?amino?acid?葡萄糖?glucose?果糖?fructose?半乳糖?galactose?核糖?ribose?脱氧核糖?desoxyribose?核糖核酸?rebonucleic?acid(abbr.?RNA)?脱氧核糖核酸?deoxyribonucleic?acid(abbr.?DNA)?麦芽糖?maltose?蔗糖?sucrose曲颈瓶?retort?[ri'-]?表面皿?watch?glass?石棉网?asbestos[?s'best?s]?gauze?玻璃棒?glass?rod/stirring?rod/stir?rod?铁架台?iron?stand?滴定管?burette/buret?泥三角?pipeclay?triangle?启普发生器?Kipp's?apparatus/Kipp?generator?酒精喷灯?alcohol?blast?burner?坩埚钳?tong?坩埚?pot?索氏提取器?Soxhlet?extractor?冷凝管?cold?finger?称量瓶?weighing?bottle?。
常用化学元素英文词汇
常用化学元素英文词汇1.Actinium(Ac) 锕2.Aluminium(Al) 铝3.Americium(Am) 镅4.Antimony(Sb) 锑5.Argon(Ar) 氩6.Arsenic(As) 砷7.Astatine(At) 砹8.Barium(Ba) 钡9.Berkelium(Bk) 锫10.Beryllium(Be) 铍11.Bismuth(Bi) 铋.12.Boron(B) 硼13.Bromine(Br) 溴14.Cadmium(Cd) 镉15.Caesium(Cs) 铯16.Calcium(Ca) 钙17.Californium(Cf) 锎18.Carbon(C) 碳19.Cerium(Ce) 铈20.Chlorine(Cl) 氯21.Chromium(Cr) 铬22.Cobalt(Co) 钴23.Copper(Cu) 铜24.Curium(Cm) 锔25.Dysprosium(Dy) 镝26.Einsteinium(Es) 锿27.Erbium(Er) 铒28.Europium(Eu) 铕29.Fermium(Fm) 镄30.Fluorine(F) 氟31.Francium(Fr) 钫32.Gadolinium(Gd) 钆33.Gallium(Ga) 镓XN34.Germanium(Ge) 锗35.Gold(Au) 金36.Hafnium(Hf) 铪37.Helium(He) 氦38.Holmium(Ho) 钬39.Hydrogen(H) 氢40.Indium(In) 铟41.Iodine(I) 碘42.Iridium(Ir) 铱43.Iron(Fe) 铁44.Krypton(Kr) 氪nthanum(La) 镧wrencium(Lr)47.Lead(Pb) 铅48.Lithium(Li) 锂49.Lutetium(Lu) 镥50.Magnesium(Mg) 镁51.Manganese(Mn) 锰52.Mendelevium(Md) 钔53.Mercury(Hg) 汞54.Molybdenum(Mo) 钼55.Neodymium(Nd) 钕56.Neon(Ne) 氖57.Neptunium(Np) 镎58.Nickel(Ni) 镍59.Niobium(Nb) 铌60.Nitrogen(N) 氮61.Nobelium(No) 锘62.Osmium(Os) 锇63.Oxygen(O) 氧64.Palladium(Pd) 钯65.Phosphorus(P) 磷66.Platinum(Pt) 铂67.Plutonium(Pu) 钚68.Polonium(Po) 钋69.Potassium(K) 钾70.Praseodymium(Pr) 镨71.Promethium(Pm) 钷72.Protactinium(Pa) 镤73.Radium(Ra) 镭74.Radon(Rn) 氡75.Rhenium(Re) 铼76.Rhodium(Rh) 铑77.Rubidium(Rb) 铷78.Ruthenium(Ru) 钌79.Samarium(Sm) 钐80.Scandium(Sc) 钪81.Selenium(Se) 硒82.Silicon(Si) 硅83.Silver(Ag) 银84.Sodium(Na) 钠85.Strontium(Sr) 锶86.Sulphur(S) 锍87.Tantalum(Ta) 钽88.Technetium(Tc) 锝89.Tellurium(Te) 碲90.Terbium(Tb) 铽91.Thallium(Tl) 铊92.Thorium(Th) 钍93.Tin(Sn) 锡94.Thulium(Tm) 铥95.Titanium(Ti) 钛96.Tungsten(W) 钨97.Uranium(U) 铀98.Vanadium(V) 钒99.Xenon(Xe) 氙) 100.Ytterbium(Yb) 镱101.Yttrium(Y) 钇102.Zinc(Zn) 锌103.Zirconium(Zr) 锆104.。
化学专业英语词汇表
化学专业英语词汇表本文介绍了化学专业需要用到的英语词汇，包括基础的化学术语、常用的化学分支、常用的化学实验和常用的化学反应。
文章采用表格形式列出了中文和英文对照的词汇，并给出了一些例句和注释，以便于理解和记忆。
文章的目的是帮助化学专业的学生和研究者提高英语水平，更好地阅读和撰写化学相关的文献和报告。
一、基础化学术语中文英文例句或注释化学chemistry Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. 化学是研究物质及其变化的科学。
元素element An element is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances bychemical means. 元素是一种不能通过化学手段分解为更简单物质的物质。
原子atom An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of thatelement. 原子是元素的最小单位，保持了该元素的化学性质。
原子核nucleus The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. 原子核是原子的中心部分，包含了质子和中子。
质子proton A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 质子是一种带正电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
中子neutron A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 中子是一种不带电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用： ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
化学专用英语词汇
化学专业的英语词汇foundation chemistry 基础化学acid 酸apparatus 仪器，装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向，使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系，银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ 第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的，相等的in terms of 根据，在……方面innermost 最内的，最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能 （从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）ionise 电离isotope 同位素 （原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物，细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔 （表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode（cathode） 阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge （原子）核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus （pl.nuclei） 核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒，粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理 （每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反 ）Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质 （物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数 （标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）probe 探测，探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum （pl. quanta） 量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集，小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle （带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β 射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线。
(完整版)化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子atom adj.atomic 原子核nucleus 质子proton 中子neutron 电子electron(abbr. e) 离子ion [?a??n] 阳离子cation 阴离子anion 分子molecular [m ??lekj?l?] 单质element 化合物compound 纯净物pure substance/chemical substance 混合物mixture 相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar) 相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr) 化学式量relative formula mass 物质的量amount of substance 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA) 摩尔mole 摩尔质量molar mass 实验式/ 最简式/ 经验式empirical formula 气体摩尔体积molar volume 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro' s Law 溶液solution 溶解dissolve 浓度concentration 质量/ 体积分数mass/volume concentration 浓缩concentrate 稀释dilute 蒸馏distillation 萃取extraction 化学反应方程式chemical equation 反应物reactant 生成物product 固体solid 液体liquid 气体gaseous 溶液aqueous 配平balance 化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases) 盐salt 酸式盐acid salt 离子方程式ionic equation 结晶水water of crystallisation 水合的hydrated 无水的anhydrous 滴定titration 指示剂indicator 氧化数oxidation number 氧化还原反应redox reaction 氧化反应oxidation reaction 还原反应reduction reaction 歧化反应disproportionation reaction 归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction 氧化剂oxidising agent 还原剂reducing agent 电子层(壳) (electron) shell 电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.) 第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr.1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.) 电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.) 屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening) 原子轨道atomic orbital 电子云electron cloud 电子亚层sub-shell 能层layer 能级energy level 电子排布electron configuration 电子云重叠shell overlap 洪特规则Hund' s rule 泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle 基态ground state 激发态excited state 跃迁transition 手性chirality [kai?-] 化学键chemical bond 键长bond length 键级bond order键角bond angle 键能bond enthalpies 离子键ionic bond 供体donor 受体acceptor 静电吸引electrostatic attraction 巨型离子结构giant ionic structure 共价键covalent[k ??'ve?l?nt] bond 巨型共价结构giant covalent structure 共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair 孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pair σ键σ -bond π键π -bond δ键δ -bond 极性共价键polar bond 非极性共价键non-polar bond 配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinat e bond 电负性electronegativity 极性polarity 偶极子dipole 分子间作用力intermolecular forces 氢键hydrogen bond 范德华力van der Waal' s force 色散力dispersion force 诱导力induction force 取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force 金属键metallic bond 离域delocalisation[di:,l ?uk?lai'zei?n] 延展性malleability [,m?l ??'b ?l?ti] 可锻性ductility [d ?k't?l?t?] 导电性electrical conductivity 合金alloy 元素周期表the Periodic Table 周期period 族group 原子序数proton number 同位素isotope[?a?s?t?? p] 核素nuclide ['nju?kla?d] 同量异位素isobar['a?s?(?)bɑ?] 金属metal 非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal 碱土金属alkaline earth metal 卤素halogen 稀有气体noble gas 元素周期律periodic trends 活泼active 稳定noble 分解反应decomposition reaction 化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction 取代反应displacement reaction 复分解反应salt metathesis[m ??t? θs?is] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction 沉淀precipitation [pr ?,s?p?'te ?(??)n] 官能团functional group 碳氢化合物/ 烃hydrocarbon 饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon 脂肪烃aliphatic[,? l?'f? t?k] hydrocarbon 脂环烃alicyclic['sa?kl?k; ]hrdrocarbon 同系物homologous[h ?'m?l?g?s]series 异构现象isomerism ['ais?m?riz?m] 同分异构体isomeride [ai's ?m?raid] 同素异形体allotropy/allotropism 分子式molecular formula 通式general formula结构式displayed formula 结构简式structural formula 键线式skeletal formula 均裂homolytic fission 异裂heterolytic fission 亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukli ?fail] 亲电子试剂electrophile 加成反应addition reaction 加水加成hydration reaction 加成聚合反应addition polymerisation 聚合物polymer 单体monomer 链节repeat unit 缩合聚合反应condensation reaction 缩聚物condensation polymer 取代反应substitution reaction 脱水dehydration 水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction 酯化反应esterification reaction 亲核取代nucleophilic substitution 消去反应elimination reaction 裂化反应cracking (reaction) 石油分馏fractional distillation 燃烧combustion 发酵fermentation 氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons 产率percentage yield 原子利用率atom economy 红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy 质谱分析mass spectroscopy 光谱spectrum 挥发性volatility 冷凝回流reflux 反应机理reaction mechanism 能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy 热力学thermodynamic [ θ:?m?udai?-] 焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en' θ ?lpi] 焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH) 标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ H?) 标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ Hr?) 燃烧热heat of combustion 标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr . Δ Hc?) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. Δ Hf?)放热反应exothermic[eks ?u?-] reaction 吸热反应endothermic reaction 热化学方程式thermochemical[ θ:?m?u?-] equation 活化能activation energy(abbe. Ea) 比热容specific heat capacity 键焓bond enthalpy 平均键焓average bond enthalpy 盖斯定律Hess' law 有效碰撞理论collision theory 反应速率rate ofreaction/reaction rate 反应动力学reaction kinetics 催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis 酶enzyme['enzaim] 波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwi? -] 可逆反应reversible reaction 动态平衡dynamic equilibrium 平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant 浓度幂concentration power 平衡移动shift of equilibrium state 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. Δ G) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[ ??ri:ni ?s] Equation 自发反应spontaneous[sp ?n?teini?s] reaction 熵entropy(abbr. Δ S) 温室效应greenhouse effect 吸附作用adsorption 绿色化学green chemistry 溶解度solubility 离子反应ionic reaction 电离ionisation 电解质electrolyte 电离平衡ionisation equilibrium 电离常数ionisation constant 离子积ion-product constant 氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from Fr ench potentiel d'hydrog ène) 溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [d ?s?'lu??(?)n] ekw? 溶度积solubility product 原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell [g? l'v? n?k] 盐桥salt bridge 电极electrode 正极/ 阳极anode 负极/ 阴极cathode 标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0) 干电池dry cell 一次电池primary cell(battery) 二次电池/ 蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery 充电charge 放电discharge 燃料电池fuel cell 电解electrolysis电解池/ 电解槽electrolytic cell 电镀galvanisation [, ɡ ?lv?nai'zei??n] 电偶腐蚀/ 电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion 分子空间构型molecular geometries 杂化hybrid 轨道orbital 晶格lattice 晶体crystal 晶胞crystal structure 堆积作用sedimentation [,sed ?m?n'te ??n?] 常见元素氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidr ?d??n] 氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:li ?m] 锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['li θmi?] 硼boron(abbr. B) ['b ?:r ?n] 碳carbon(abbr. C) ['k ɑ:b?n] 氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitr ?d??n] 氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['?ksid??n] 氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['flu ?ri:n] 氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni: ?n] 钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['s?udi?m] 镁magnesium(abbr. Mg) 铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,? l ??mini ?m] 硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silik ?n] 磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['f ?sf?r ?s] 硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['s ?lf ?] 氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['kl ?:ri:n] 氩argon(abbr. Ar) [' ɑ: ɡ?n] 钾potassium(abbr. K) [p ??t? si?m] 钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [?k?lsi? m] 钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teini ?m] 铬chromium(abbr.Cr) ['kr ?umj ?m] 锰manganese(abbr. Mn)[?m?? ɡ?ni:z] 铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['a ??n] 钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [k ?u'b ?:lt] 镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nik ?l] 铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['k ?p?] 锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [zi?k] 砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:s?nik] 溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['br ?umi:n] 银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silv ?] 锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin] 碘iodine(abbr. I)氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zen?n] 钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['be ?ri ?m] 钨tungsten(abbr. W) [t ??st?n] 铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['pl? tin ?m] 金gold(abbr. Au) [ ɡ?uld] 汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['m ?:kjuri] 铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led] 常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['dai ?m?nd] 石墨graphite ['gr? fait] 臭氧ozone ['?uz?un] 红磷red phosphorus 白磷white phosphorus常见根离子(common radicals) 氢化的hydride ['haidraid] 硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate ['b ??ret?] 碳化的carbide ['ka:baid] 碳酸carbonic [kɑ?'b?n?k (]acid) adj. carbonate 碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate 氮化的nitride ['naitraid] 叠氮化的azide ['? zaid] 硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate 亚硝酸nitrous ['na ?tr?s] (acid) adj.nitrite 氧化的oxide [' ?ksaid] 二氧化的dioxide [dai-'] 三氧化的trioxide [tra ?'?ksa?d] 过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [p ?'?ksaid] 超氧化的superoxide [sjup ?'?ksaid] 氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'dr ?ksil] (radical) adj. hydroxide 水合氢离子hydronium 氟化的fluoride 偏铝酸meta-aluminic[met ?'? ljuminik] (acid) adj. meta-aluminate[ ?'lju?m?ne?t] 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr ?ksil-'] (acid) 硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate 磷酸phosphoric (acid)adj.phosphate 磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate 磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate 硫化的sulfide 硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide 硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate 硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate 亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite 亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite 硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [ θ aiu?-'] 焦硫酸根persulphate [p ?:-'] 氯化的chloride ['kl ?raid] 氢氯酸/ 盐酸hydrochloric (acid) 高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate 氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate 亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite 次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite 溴化的bromide 氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['ai ?daid] 氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide 铵根ammonium[ ??m ?uni ?m] 高锰酸根permanganate 锰酸根manganate 氰根cyanide ['sainaid] 硫氰根thiocyanate [ θ ai?u?sani?eit] 铬酸根chromate 重铬酸根dichromate常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds) 氢化钠sodium hydride 氨ammonia/azane[ ?-?] 硅烷silane [?si-] 磷化氢phosphine 硫化氢hydrogen sulphide 氮化镁magnesium nitride 四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide 二氟化氧oxygen difluoride 氯化氢hydrogen chloride 氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride 氯化亚锡tin(II)chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate 磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate 磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate 氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/ 硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona- 十deca- 烷烃alkane (preffixalkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec- 十二dodec- 十三tridec- 十四tetradec- 十五pentadec- 十六hexadec- 十七heptadec- 十八octadec- 十九nonadec- 二十eicos- 三十triacont- 四十tetracont- 五十prntacont- 正构型normal-(n-) 异构型iso-(i-) 新构型neo-(n-) 聚poly- 烷基alkyl 甲基methyl(abbr. Me) 乙基ethyl(abbr. Et) 丙基propyl(abbr. Pr) 环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane) 烯烃alkene (preffixalkenyl-,suffix -ene) 二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene) 环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene) 炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne) 顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-) 反式异构preffix trans-(E-) 苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene) 苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene) 醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol) 带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.) 酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one) 醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde) 羧酸carboxylic[ka:b ?k'silik] (acid) adj. carboxylate (suffix -oic acid) 羧基carboxyl (preffixcarboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid) 乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac) 醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy) 脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-, suffix -oic acid/-oate) 胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or accordi ng to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suff ix –amide and -carboxamide or according to p osition of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) 氨基amino 酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho -,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph)[fin ?lf' θ eili:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol 乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate 丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate 柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj. sulphonate (preffixsulpho-,suffix -sulphonic a cid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phe nol/carbolic acid 常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [fin ?lf' θ ei li:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/ 蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/ 醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acidadj.oxalate 丙酸/ 初油酸propanoicacid/propionic acid 丁酸/ 酪酸butanoicacid/butyric acid 软脂酸/ 棕榈酸柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose 半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 曲颈瓶retort [ri'-] 表面皿watch glass 石棉网asbestos[? s'best?s] gauze 玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod 铁架台iron stand 滴定管burette/buret 泥三角pipeclay triangle 启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator 酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner 坩埚钳tong 坩埚pot 索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor 冷凝管cold finger 称量瓶weighing bottlehexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate。
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化学常用词汇表2015/8/17 23:54:00第一单元粒子和提纯“unit1 particles and purification”state 状态matter 物质substance 物质particle 粒子atom 原子molecule 分子ion 离子chemical means 化学方法volume 体积container 容器pattern 式样vibrate 震动slide 滑动random 随机的rapidly 迅速的vigorously 剧烈的melt 熔化boil 沸腾condense 液化；冷凝freeze 凝固；冻结diffusion 扩散kinetic particle theory 粒子动理论concentrated 浓的collide 碰撞bounce 反弹cotton wool 棉花reaction 反应stop－clock 秒表；停表precision 精密度Celsius degrees 摄氏度Thermometer 温度计Centimetres cubed 立方厘米decimetres cubed 立方分米chromatography 色谱法solvent 溶剂solute 溶质mixture 混合物pigment 色素solubility 溶解度filter 过滤soluble 可溶的base line 基线lid 盖dye 染料locating agent 定位试剂RF value 比移值Impurity 杂质Melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点dissolve 溶解filtration 过滤decant 倾倒centrifugation 离心分离filtrate 滤液crystallization 结晶extraction 提取residue 滤渣distillation 蒸馏fractional distillation 分馏petroleum 石油column 柱；塔proximity 接近overall 全部的；全面的purity 是纯净evaporation 蒸发作用rinse 漂洗volatile liquid 挥发性强的液体第二单元原子单质化合物unit2 atoms elements and compounds property 性质nucleus 核子proton 质子neutron 中子nucleon number 核子数mass number 质量数electron shell 电子层electrical energy level 电子能级proton number 质子数atomic number 原子序数isotopes 同位素radioactive 放射性的decay 衰变electron configuration 电子排布valency electrons 价电子noble gas 稀有气体chemical bond 化学键electrical conductivity 导电性allotrope 同素异形体malleable 有展性的ductile 有延性的lustrous 有光泽的sonorous 响亮的；醒目的dull 钝的；暗淡的brittle 脆的insulator 绝缘体conductor 导体semi－conductor 半导体radiation 辐射powder 药粉layer 层artificial 人造的unit3 structure and bonding 第三单元结构和化学键formation 构成ionic bond 离子键transfer 交换dot－and－cross diagram 点叉图stable 稳定的multiple 多样的；多重的octet 八电子组covalent bond 共价键non－metal 非金属lone pair electrons 孤对电子valency 价态combining power 结合力single bond 单键double bond 双键triple bond 三键intermolecular forces 分子间作用力＝范德华力delocalised electrons 离域电子metallic bond 金属键overlap 重叠conductivity 传导性solubility 溶解性volatilvity 挥发性rigid 坚固的slippery 光滑的three－dimensional 三维的diamond 钻石graphite 石墨lattice 晶格unit4 chemical formulae公式和方程compound ion离子团chemical symbol 化学符号formula 化学式molecular formula 分子式structural formula 结构式empirical formula 经验式（最简式）word equation 文字表达式symbol equation 化学方程式balance 配平state symbol 状态符号spectator ion 旁观离子unit 5 chemical calculationsreagent 试剂relative atomic mass 相对原子质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量Avogadro constant 阿伏加德罗常数Stoichiometry 化学计算法；化学计量法mole 摩尔limiting reactant 受限试剂actual yield 实际产量predict yield 预计产量titration 滴定法yield 产率；产量concentration 浓度empirical formula 最简式unit 6 electricity and chemistry 电与化学electrolysis 电解decompose 分解cell 电池anode 阳极；正极cathode 阴极；负极electrolyte 电解质discharge series 放电顺序dilute 稀的refining 精炼；提炼sludge 软泥；泥泞slime 泥inert 惰性的electroplating 电镀molten 熔化的ore矿石siphon 虹吸管bleach 漂白deposit 使沉积unit7 chemical changesexothermic 放热的endothermic 吸热的bond energy 键能fuel 燃料radioactivity 放射性electro chemical cell 化学原电池reactive 活泼的proton exchange membrane 质子交换膜unit 8 speed of reactionrate 速率；速度interpret 解释rust 锈；生锈controlled variable 控制变量independent variable 自变量catalytic converter 催化转化器exposed 暴露precipitate 沉淀collision theory 碰撞理论photosynthesis 光合作用photography 摄影术light－sensitive reactions 光敏反应redox reaction 氧化还原反应unit 9 chemical reactions化学反应reversible reaction 可逆反应equilibrium 平衡的hydrated 水合的anhydrous 无水的oxidation states 氧化数redox reaction 氧化还原反应unit10 acid and bases酸和碱acid 酸alkali 碱universal indicator 通用知识剂neutral 中性的ph scale ph比例；ph量household 家庭的antacid 抗酸的tablet 药片indigestion 消化不良alkaline solution 碱溶液neutralisation reaction 中和反应proton donor 质子提供体acceptor 接受体amphoteric oxide 两性氧化性unit 11 making and identifying saltsreactivity series 活动性顺序evaporate 蒸发squeaky 吱吱响的glowing splint 带火星的小木条relight 复燃damp litmus paper 湿石蕊试纸cream 奶油色qualitative analysis 定性分析phenolphthalein 酚酞methyl orange 甲基橙indicator 指示剂unit 12 the periodic table group 族period 周期trend 趋势fizzy 嘶嘶作响的physical property 物理性质flame 火焰poisonous 有毒的halogens 卤素halide ions 卤素离子pattern 图案；样式spoil 损坏complex ions 络合离子transition element 过渡元素unit 13 metals and reactivity shape memory alloy 形状记忆合金displacement reaction 置换反应thermite 铝热剂；灼热剂shield 屏蔽reductant 还原剂oxidant 氧化剂thermal decomposition 热分解Metal hydroxide 金属氢氧化物Unit 14 Metal extraction Bauxite 铁铝氧石Haematite 赤铁矿Zinc blende 闪锌矿Extraction 提取；提取物Undergo 遭受Blast furnace 炼铁炉Slag 矿渣Hopper 漏斗Converter 转化器Galvanize 镀锌Mild steel 软钢Steel 钢Brass 黄铜Unit 15 air and waterArtic 北极的Antarctic 南极的Coolant 冷却剂Sedimentation 沉淀；沉降Chlorination 加氯消毒；氯化Cholera 霍乱Typhoid 伤寒Hazardous 有害的Dry deposition沉积作用Smog 烟雾Denitrification 反硝化作用；脱氮作用Greenhouse gas 温室气体Wavelength 波长Infrared ray 红外线Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Sacrificial protection 牺牲保护层Unit 16 the chemical industryNpk fertilizers 氮磷钾化肥Contact process 制硫酸反应Haber process 制氨反应Raw materials 原材料Compressed 被压缩的Chamber 室Compromise 妥协Quicklime 生石灰Slaked lime ca(oh)2Unit 17 organic chemistry and petrochemicalsHomologus series 同系列Alcohol 酵类Carboxylic acids 羧酸Alkene 烯胫Alkane 烷胫AlkyneStructural isomers （结构型）同分异构体Fossil fuel 化石燃料Hydrocarbon 胫Fermentation 发酵Gasoline 汽油Naphtha 石脑油Kerosene（paraffin）煤油Diesil oil（light gas－oil）柴油Fuel oil（heavy gas—oil）重柴油Lubricating oil 润滑油Bitumen 沥青Unit 18 the variety of organic chemicals Saturated 饱和的Photochemical reaction 光化学反应Substitution reaction 取代反应Hydrogenation reaction 制化反应Addition reaction 加成反应Refluxing 回流冷却Unit 19 polymersMacromolecules 高分子Monomer 单体Addition polymerization 加聚反应Condensation polymerization缩聚反应Biodegradable 可自然降解的Polyamide 聚酰胺Polyester 聚酯Unit 20 natural polymers Carbohydrates 碳水化合物Protein 蛋白质Ester linkage 酯键Amide linkage 酰酯键Hydrolysis 水解Glycerol 甘油Fatty acids 脂肪酸Soap 肥皂Alkyl 烷基Alternatve to practical section Demonstration 示范；示意Recognition 承认Proccedure 过程Goggles 护目镜Precision 精确度Sufficient 足够的Anomalous 反常的Appendix I apparatusTube 试管Flask 烧瓶Measuring cylinder 量筒Volumetric pipette 定量筒Burette 滴定管Volumetric flask 定量瓶Conical flask 锥形瓶Gas syringe 气体注射器Lid 盖子Separating funnel 分液漏斗Filter funnel 过滤漏斗Filter paper 滤纸Evaporating basin 蒸发皿Cold tile 点滴板Distillation flask 蒸馏瓶Thermometer 温度计Condenser 冷凝管Fractionating column 分馏塔Chromatography paper色谱纸Gas jar 集气瓶Metal cover金属盖Crocodile clip 夹子Cells电池Ammeter 电流表Stirrer ／stirring rod 搅拌棒Gauze石棉网Calorimeter 铜锅Bunsen burner 本生灯Spirit burner 酒精灯Balance 天平Funnel 漏斗Beaker 烧杯Safety tube 安全管（控制气压）Blast furnace 炼铁炉Settlement tank 沉淀池Cooling chamber 冷却室Water bath 水浴Pipette 滴管Spatula 药匙Flat bottom flask 平底烧瓶Tripod 三脚架Pipeclay triangle 陶瓷三角Clamp 铁圈Teat pipette 移液管Watch glass 表面皿Plunger 活塞U－tube u型管Combustion spoon 燃烧匙Stand 铁架台Crucible 坩锅Mortar 研体Tongs 坩锅钳Pestle 研棒；杵Rubber bung 橡胶塞Pipette filler 滴管填充器Volumetric pipette 定量滴管Tweezers 镊子Delivery tube导管Appendix II chemicals Hydroxide OH-Nitrate NO3-Nitrite NO2-Sulfate SO42-Sulfite so32- Carbonate co32- Hydrogencarbonate hco3- Mono－一Di－二Tri－三Tetra－四Hydrochloric acid 盐酸Sulfuric acid 硫酸ethanoic acid乙酸Nitric acid 硝酸Benzoic acid 苯酸Citric acid 柠檬酸AmmoniaLime water 石灰水Quick lime 生石灰Graphite 石墨Diamond 金刚石Brine 浓盐水Margarline 人造黄油Bauxite 铝土矿Cryolite 冰晶石Coal 煤Petroleum 石油Natural gas 天然气Marble 大理石Litmus 石蕊Brass 黄铜Bronze 青铜Stainless steel不锈钢Zinc blende 闪锌矿Haematite 赤铁矿Galena 方铅矿Oleum 发烟硫酸Plaster 石膏Aluminium hydroxide 氢氧化铝Sodium chloride 氯化钠Silicon dioxide 二氧化硅Hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢Silver bromide 溴化银Silver iodide 碘化银Methane 甲烷Salicylic acid 水杨酸（一种氨基酸）Vanadium（v） oxide 五氧化钒Ceramic 陶器Platinum 铂。