美国宗教英文介绍
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美国宗教研究(英文版)
United States. • From Washington to Bush, there are 43 presidents 39 are church members • Other 4 presidents are with evident religious inclination . • No non-Protestant was elected until 1960 : John F. Kennedy（Roman Catholic）
• Slavery. Early Christianity elevated the
roles of those oppressed in society, by for example, accepting women and slaves as full members. Slaves participated equally in worship and the community and were afforded contract and property rights. • Early Christians purchased slaves in the markets simply to set them free.It is also true that slavery was ended in great measure by Christian activists.
• Children. In the ancient world, for example in
infanticide（杀婴） classical Rome or Greece, infanticide（杀婴） was not only legal, it was applauded. Killing a Roman was murder, but it was commonly held in Rome that killing one‘s own children could be an act of beauty. Through a higher view of life, it was the early Christian church that ultimately brought an end to infanticide. The promodern pro-life movement is largely Christian.
• Slavery. Early Christianity elevated the
roles of those oppressed in society, by for example, accepting women and slaves as full members. Slaves participated equally in worship and the community and were afforded contract and property rights. • Early Christians purchased slaves in the markets simply to set them free.It is also true that slavery was ended in great measure by Christian activists.
• Children. In the ancient world, for example in
infanticide（杀婴） classical Rome or Greece, infanticide（杀婴） was not only legal, it was applauded. Killing a Roman was murder, but it was commonly held in Rome that killing one‘s own children could be an act of beauty. Through a higher view of life, it was the early Christian church that ultimately brought an end to infanticide. The promodern pro-life movement is largely Christian.
大学英美概况 美国宗教
The Jews
● Until the late 19th century ,
most Jews in America were
of German origin. ●Many of them belonged to the Reform movement ,a liberal branch of Judaism which had made many adjustments to modern life. ●When Jews began coming to America in great numbers ,anti Semitism appeared. ●When faced with prejudice and discrimination ,Jews responded by forming organizations to combat prejudice.
● American courts have become more sensitive in recent year to the rights of people who do not believe in any god or religion.
● Protestant religion and republican forms of government they felt, went hand in hand.
● Many remained religiously observant .Others ,while they continued to think of themselves as ethnically Jewish ,adopted a secular ,nonreligious outlook.
美国宗教中英文对照
religiouspreferenceprotestant新教59catholic天主教27judaism犹太教2easternorthodox东正教1other4none7tenrecognizablegroupromancatholic罗马天主教easternorthodox东正教liberalprotestant自由新教conservativeevangelical保守新教holiness教皇教pentecostalcharismatic五旬节教派judaism犹太教islam伊斯兰教hinduism佛教印度教nativeamericanreligions土著美国宗教moslem穆斯林教taoism道教confucianism儒教shintoism神道教factorsamericanreligiouspatternsimmigration移民proselytism宗教劝诱denominationalism宗派主义religiousfreedom宗教自由protestantheritage
Religious preference in the U.S.
• • • • • • Protestant 新教 59% Catholic 天主教 27% Judaism 犹太教 2% Eastern Orthodox 东正教 1% Other 4% None 7%
TБайду номын сангаасn recognizable group of denominations
Self-Improvement
The need for self-improvement, once established, reaches far beyond self-improvement in the purely moral or religious sense. It can be seen in countless books that explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything from their vocabulary to their tennis game, or even their whole personality. Books of this type are often referred to as self-help books. They are the natural products of a culture in which people believe that "God helps those who help themselves."
Religious preference in the U.S.
• • • • • • Protestant 新教 59% Catholic 天主教 27% Judaism 犹太教 2% Eastern Orthodox 东正教 1% Other 4% None 7%
TБайду номын сангаасn recognizable group of denominations
Self-Improvement
The need for self-improvement, once established, reaches far beyond self-improvement in the purely moral or religious sense. It can be seen in countless books that explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything from their vocabulary to their tennis game, or even their whole personality. Books of this type are often referred to as self-help books. They are the natural products of a culture in which people believe that "God helps those who help themselves."
American Religion美国宗教
课外空间文化长廊山东省梁山县杨营中学于孔春供稿Diversity1is the main feature of religion in the United States.Although Christianity has al-ways been the major American faith,the existence of more than250different religious sects2here has made Americans tolerant3of all forms of worship—Christian and non-Christian.美国宗教的主要特点就是多样化。
虽然基督教一直是美国人的主要信仰，但还存有250—不论它是基督教或是非基督教。
多种其他宗教派别，这使美国人包容各种各样的信仰——Maybe this tolerant attitude to different religions can be traced back to the early settlers ofthis country.Among the first immigrants4,quite a number of them were Puritans,whose purposeof coming to this New World was to pursue religious freedom,to practice their religion and wor-ship God as they wished.This is why the nation’s forefathers demanded legal guarantees of reli-gious freedom.So the First Amendment to the Constitution not only forbids the establishment of. All Rights Reserved.an offical national religion but also forbids state or federal interference5with religious institu-tions or practices.这种对宗教的宽容态度也许能够追溯到早期殖民地时期。
美国宗教英文版
特点是广泛的宗教信仰和实践的多样 性和高水平的依从性。在整个美国的历史,历史相对 短暂的与其他国家相比,许多宗教信仰已经兴起,和 更多的逐渐灭绝。
Religious beliefs in the US
作为一个多元文化的移民国家,与人的数百种不同的 种族背景,美国现在已经成为世界上宗教最多元的国 家之一。更重要的是,人口普查数据显示,大多数美国 人承认宗教在他们的生活中扮演非常重要的角色,这 一比例是发达国家中非常罕见
As a multicultural country of immigrants, with people of hundreds of different ethnic backgrounds, the United States has now become one of the most religiously diverse nations on the globe. What’s more, according to census data, the majority of Americans admit that religion plays an extremely important role in their lives, a proportion that is very rare these days among developed nations.
Nearly 80% of Americans belong to a variety of denominations of Christianity
About 7% of American are Muslim Judaism develop in the Jew. Numbers of Asian American are Buddhists.
Religious beliefs in the US
作为一个多元文化的移民国家,与人的数百种不同的 种族背景,美国现在已经成为世界上宗教最多元的国 家之一。更重要的是,人口普查数据显示,大多数美国 人承认宗教在他们的生活中扮演非常重要的角色,这 一比例是发达国家中非常罕见
As a multicultural country of immigrants, with people of hundreds of different ethnic backgrounds, the United States has now become one of the most religiously diverse nations on the globe. What’s more, according to census data, the majority of Americans admit that religion plays an extremely important role in their lives, a proportion that is very rare these days among developed nations.
Nearly 80% of Americans belong to a variety of denominations of Christianity
About 7% of American are Muslim Judaism develop in the Jew. Numbers of Asian American are Buddhists.
美国宗教
history
一.Early Colonial era
Spanish missions （西班牙教会 ）
French territories British colonies （英国殖民地):New
England 、Virginia 、Tolerance in Rhode Island (罗 德岛州）and Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚州） 、 Maryland（马里兰） 、Anti-Catholicism
origin
Major denominational families
history:
1.Early Colonial era
2.18th century
origins
基督教发源于公元1世纪巴勒斯坦地区犹太人社会，并继承了犹太教耶 和华上帝和救主弥塞亚（根据希腊文翻译为“基督”）等概念，以及希 伯莱圣经为基督教圣经旧约全书。 按照基督教经典的说法，基督教的 创始人是耶稣，他30岁左右（公元一世纪30年代）开始在巴勒斯坦地区 传教。 耶稣声称，他的来临不是要取代犹太人过去记载在旧约圣经的 律法，而是要成全它。耶稣思想的中心，在于“尽心尽意爱上帝”及 “爱人如己”两点。 耶稣出来传道，宣讲天国的福音，极大的回应。这使得罗 马帝政下的犹太教祭司团大受影响，深深感到自己地位不保，所以要把 他除之而后快。后来由于门徒犹大告密，罗马帝国驻犹太的总督彼拉多 将耶稣逮捕。耶稣受尽打骂侮辱，最后被钉在十字架上而死。但耶稣的 心意却是为了要赎世人的罪，甘愿地流出自己的血。 依据他门徒们的 见证，耶稣死后第三天从石窟坟墓中复活了。他的坟墓空了，他又多次 向满心疑惑的门徒们显现。他们渐渐确信耶稣真的复活了，是胜过死亡 的救主。在耶稣升天超离这世界的时空后，他的门徒们起来热心宣扬耶 稣的教训，并且宣告他是复活得胜死亡的主。信徒们组成彼此相爱、奉 基督之名敬拜上帝的团体，就是基督教会。 耶稣复活的这一天成为后 世的复活节（每年春分以后、又逢月圆的第一个星期日）。教会又定了 12月25日为耶稣的生日而则成了圣诞节。
10.Religion inthe USA美国宗教
2.Protestantism(60% of Americans)P87
The Baptists, the largest Protestant group, adult baptism by immersion, symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience; • Some Baptists have liberal attitudes toward the blacks and believe in the equality of all human beings before God. • The majority practice with their racial prejudice. • Methodist, the second largest protestant sect based on the church of England. • More than 100 other protestant sects.
• For some purposes, government ignores religion and for other purposes it treats all religions alike
• When disputes arise, American courts must settle them.
Religion in the USA
Percentage Distribution of the U.S. population, 2001 Judaism Roman Catholic Orthodox Other Christian No Religious Preference Not Reported
美国宗教英文介绍
美国圣母流下血泪
Denominations
• There are many different denominations in the United States. The largest are:
• The Catholic Church, 68,115,001 members • The Southern Baptist Convention, 16,228,438 members • The United Methodist Church, 7,853,987 members • The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 5,974,041 members • The Church of God in Christ, 5,499,875 members
基督教
• 圣母恸子
Overview
• Religion in America is very diverse
• Christian
• Protestant • Catholic • Other Christian 51.3 % 23.9 % 3.3 % 1.7 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 2.0 % 16.1 %
犹太教
• 犹太教最重要的崇拜 物——耶路撒冷的哭墙
Judaism
• 麦当娜狂热崇拜犹太教
Buddhism began in northeastern India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama(悉达多· 乔答摩). Buddhism teaches its followers that in this life they are only temporary vessels of body, emotions, thoughts, tendencies, and knowledge. Buddhists believe that there is no sense of self or soul when in this world.
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• • • • • •
Jewish Buddhist Muslim Hindu Other Unaffiliated
Source: Pew Forum study in 2007
Christian Beliefs
• The basic beliefs of the Christian faith, that Christians from all denominations can agree on, are that:
• Jesus is God’s Son. • Jesus came to Earth as a baby, lived a perfect life, and died on a cross as a sacrifice for our sins. • Jesus will come back again as a king. He will take his followers to live with Him in heaven.
Catholics
• More than ¼ of all Americans are Catholic. • Many came from Ireland, Italy and Poland. Catholic faith is often passed down from one generation to the next. • John F. Kennedy, a very well liked President, was Catholic. • There are many Catholic schools and hospitals in the United States. Some of the top universities were founded by Catholics, as well.
基督教
• 圣母恸子
Overview
• Religion in America is very diverse
• Christian
• Protestant • Catholic • Other Christian 51.3 % 23.9 % 3.3 % 1.7 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 2.0 % 16.1 %
Religion in the United States
Religion in America
• Many people in America are ―deists‖. They believe that there is a God, but they don’t think He is involved in our lives to a great extent. They don’t seek God or follow Biblical teachings. • Many others in America are ―practicing Christians‖. They seek to follow God’s will in their lives and often meet together with other Christians at church meetings. 42% of Americans ―go to church‖ at least once a week.
Catholics
天主教
• 美国教会天主教卡温顿 教区大主教罗杰.弗伊斯
Judaism
- many Jewish people came to the US from Germany and more after from Europe - anti-Semitism - many ethnically Jewish but not religious Catholics believe in Trinity (三位一体）, the doctrine that there are three persons in one God –the Father , the son and the Holy Spirit （圣灵）.
Buddhism
• 越来越多的美国人通过 佛教寻找心灵的宁静与 安详
Islam
• Islam is a major world religion founded in Arabia. Based on the teachings of a man named Muhammad （穆罕默德）, one who practices Islam is called a Muslim(穆斯林）. • Islam teaches that, because of humanity's moral weakness, God sent prophets to teach both individuals and nations correct moral and spiritual behaviors
犹太教
• 犹太教最重要的崇拜 物——耶路撒冷的哭墙
Judaism
• 麦当娜狂热崇拜犹太教
Buddhism began in northeastern India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama(悉达多· 乔答摩). Buddhism teaches its followers that in this life they are only temporary vessels of body, emotions, thoughts, tendencies, and knowledge. Buddhists believe that there is no sense of self or soul when in this world.
伊斯兰教金顶寺
道教
• 道教创立于中国。自唐代起逐步传入朝鲜、 日本、越南和东南亚一带，后又传入欧洲、 北美、澳大利亚等国家。除华裔教徒外，本 土居民ve Chinese religion with large population of followers throughout the entire history. Its rich content has produced far-reaching effects in both ancient China and many Asian countries. The large volumes of classics are important part of cultural heritage of China.
美国圣母流下血泪
Denominations
• There are many different denominations in the United States. The largest are:
• The Catholic Church, 68,115,001 members • The Southern Baptist Convention, 16,228,438 members • The United Methodist Church, 7,853,987 members • The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 5,974,041 members • The Church of God in Christ, 5,499,875 members