定语从句与名词性从句的互换
定语从句和名词性从句讲解
定语从句和名词性从句讲解作者：李宏福来源：《新高考·英语基础（高一）》2017年第08期高一语法的定语从句和名词性从句是高中英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。
纵观近年各地高考试题，对两大从句的考查不是单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查学生的实际综合运用能力。
本文试图分析这两大从句的常见考点，帮助学生在学习中总结应对的策略。
一、定语从句的考点1.关系代词的用法（1）关系代词that和which的用法that和which在限制性定语从句中都可以做主语、表语或宾语，先行词均指物；做宾语时，均可省略。
在通常情况下，可以互换使用，但是that不能引导非限制性定语从句，which 可以引导非限制性定语从句。
命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。
【例题】①You can borrow any book________you want to read in our school library.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where【解析】答案是B。
先行词被all，every，no，some，any，（a）few，（a）little，much 等限定词修饰时，用that引导，不用which。
②The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when【解析】答案是B。
此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是a passion，并在定语从句中做starting的宾语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
（2）关系代词as的用法关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物，只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。
高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句与定语从句的区别
高中英语知识点归纳名词性从句与定语从句的区别在高中英语学习中，名词性从句和定语从句是两个常见的语法结构。
虽然它们在形式上很相似，但在功能和用法上有很大的区别。
本文将对名词性从句和定语从句进行归纳和区分。
一、名词性从句名词性从句作为主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，起到名词的作用。
名词性从句一般由关系词“that、whether/if, who, whom, whose, which”等引导。
下面将具体介绍名词性从句的几种情况。
1.主语从句一个句子的主语可以被一个从句所替代，这个从句就是主语从句。
例如：What he said puzzles me.（他说的话让我迷惑不解）2.表语从句一个句子的表语可以被一个从句所替代，这个从句就是表语从句。
例如：My dream is that I can travel around the world.（我的梦想是能够环游世界）3.宾语从句一个句子的宾语可以被一个从句所替代，这个从句就是宾语从句。
例如：I believe that he will pass the exam.（我相信他会通过考试）4.同位语从句同位语从句是对前面名词性成分进行解释或说明的从句，常用的引导词是“that”。
例如：The news that he won the competition excited me.（他赢得比赛的消息让我兴奋）二、定语从句定语从句用来修饰或限定名词或代词，并且不能单独存在，必须依附于名词或代词。
定语从句一般由关系代词（that, who, whom, whose, which）或关系副词（where, when, why）引导。
下面将具体介绍定语从句的几种情况。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣）The boy who is talking to Mary is my brother.（正在和玛丽说话的那个男孩是我的弟弟）2.关系副词引导的定语从句Do you still remember the place where we first met?（你还记得我们第一次见面的地方吗）I still remember the day when we had a picnic in the park.（我依然记得我们在公园野餐的那天）三、名词性从句与定语从句的区别总结名词性从句与定语从句最大的区别在于名词性从句本身是一个句子，可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语；而定语从句是一个从句，用来修饰或限定名词或代词。
定语从句where,when,what,which用法
(4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
学案：定语从句重难点复习性讲练
学案：定语从句重难点复习性讲练关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose 后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人，也可指物，可分别与of which/whom the互换使用。
This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.关系副词表示从句动作发生在某时：when=at/on/in + which表示从句动作发生在某地：where=at/on/in + which表示从句动作发生的原因：why=for + which一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。
This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.I’ll show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。
定语从句 where,when,what,which用法
二、关系代词that, which的用法
A.以下情况多用that.
(1)如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。
五、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
主题：
定语从句知识讲解定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…
内容：
定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…
名词性从句和定语从句
宾语从句一、记住连接词，并记住连接词永远放在从句的开头（一）that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义（二）whether或if：起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”讲。
（三）连接代词：which（whichever）…………….which在从句中中作定语whose（whosever）……………..whose在从句中中作定语what(whatever)…………………..what在从句中作主语或者宾语who(whoever)……………………who在从句中作主语或者宾语whom（whomever）……………whom在从句中只能作宾语（四）连接副词：when（whenever）、where（wherever）、why、how(however)在从句中分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语。
（五）掌握How many、how much、how long、how often、how soon在从句中的意义二、宾语从句的语序是肯定句语序，所有从句都是肯定句。
三、注意从句否定意义的转移：在think、believe、suppose、expect等动词所带的宾语中，如果从句位于是否定的，一般将否定词not转移到主句谓语上，使从句变成肯定句。
四、宾语从句的形式：（一）主谓宾句型的宾语从句：把作为名词的宾语扩展为一个Be句型或者do句型。
（二）主谓宾宾句型：把直接宾语(物)变成一个be或者do句型。
（三）主谓宾补句型的宾语从句需要it来做形式宾语五、宾语从句的省略形式：表示人物的心理、情感等状态的形容词后面的宾语从句为：sb+be+adj+that宾语从句表语从句表语从句的连词和宾语从句一样，规律也一样，只不过称呼不同。
但是要注意一下几点：（一）只能用whether连接表语从句（as…if除外）(二) that在表语从句中不能省掉，在宾语从句中可以省掉。
(三) 注意比较that is because（指原因或者理由）…..和that is why（某种原因造成的后果）…..（四）当主语是reason、fact、ider等抽象名词时，表语从句的连接词应该用that主语从句主语从句的连词和宾语从句一样，规律也一样，只不过称呼不同。
定语从句与名词性从句的区别
13. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone __w_h__o_s_e_family was poor
14. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _w__h_a_t__ it used to be .
指代
成分
that
主、宾 人、物
无
意思 无
which whose
主、宾
定 (whose+n. 主、宾)
物 人，物
整理课件
定 (which+n. 主、宾)
定 (whose+n.
主、宾)
哪一个 谁的
6
Ex3 比较： 定语从句与宾语从句 1)Finally, the thief handed everything _t_h_a_t__ he
read.
5. Is this the farm _w__h_e_re_ they work?
6. I’d like a room _w__h_o_s_e_ window looks out over the sea.
7. We enjoyed the three months _w_h_i_c_h we spent in HongKong.
had stolen to the police. 2)Finally, the thief handed ___w_h_a_t___ he had
stolen to the police. 3) Our teacher did all __t_h_a_t____ he could to help
them. 4) Our teacher did __w_h__a_t ___ he could to help
定语从句与名词性从句
4.关系词用法： A. 关系代词： 1. who 人, 2. whom 人 3. that 人/ 物 4. which 物, 5. whose + n
主语 / 宾语 (作宾语可省略) 宾语 (作宾语可省略) 主语 / 宾语/表语 (作宾语可省略) 主语 / 宾语 (作宾语可省略) 一起构成从句主语
Last week , I met John ,. who seemed to be very excited. I like the girl who ,. who has has short short hair. hair.
2.先行词 指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 一般先行词在定语从句的前面 3. 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词： when, where, why 关系副词： ①连接主句从句 ② 代替先行词 关系词作用： ③在从句中充当一个句子成分
1.句子基本句型： 1>谓 He came . I bought a book yesterday .
2>主谓宾
3>主谓+间宾+直宾 I gave him a book .
4>主谓+宾语+宾补 We made him monitor .
5>主系表 2. 状语及定语 He is a brilliant student .
3.名词性从句 1>That he has won the prize is true. 主语从句 = It is true that he has won the prize. 2> I know that he has won the prize. 宾语从句
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定语从句与名词性从句的互换一、定语从句和名词性从句由于表达意思的需要，有时可以互相转换。
大致有下面三种情况：（１）定语从句与表语从句的互换That's the thing that we're worrying about.（定语从句）That's what we're worrying about.（表语从句）那就是我们正在担心的事。
This is the way she did it.（定语从句）This is how she did it.（表语从句）这就是她做这件事的方法。
This is the reason why we must go now.（定语从句）This is why we must go now.（表语从句）这就是我们现在该走的理由。
That is the place where Xiao Lin was born.（定语从句）That is where Xiao Lin was born.(表语从句)那就是小林出生的地方。
（２）定语从句与宾语从句的互换I don't know the reason why she is so happy.（定语从句）I don't know why she is so happy.（宾语从句）我不知道她为什么这样高兴。
He showed me the place where he used to live.（定语从句）He showed me where he used to live.（宾语从句）他带我看了他曾经住过的地方。
Do you know the date when Wuhan was liberated（定语从句）Do you know when Wuhan was liberated(宾语从句)你知道武汉是什么时候解放的吗（３）定语从句与主语从句的互换The thing that we need is more time.（定语从句）What we need is more time.（主语从句）我们所需要的是更多的时间。
The time when they will start out has not been decided yet.（定语从句）When they will start out has not been decided yet.（主语从句）他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来。
The reason why he did it wasn't quite clear.（定语从句）Why he did it wasn't quite clear.（主语从句）他为什么做那件事还不很清楚。
The place where she lives is not known yet.（定语从句）Where she lives is not known yet.（主语从句）她住在什么地方，大家还不知道。
二、学习定语从句应注意的几个问题（１）定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。
例如：The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School.但注意下列一组句子：He is the only one of the students who was here just now.He is one of the students who were here just now.如果"one of +复数名词"后跟有定语从句，一般情况下"one of"后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有the only,the very,just the修饰时，先行词则为one。
（２）定语从句与强调结构It is the place where they lived before.It is in the place that they lived before.第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place,在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place,that没有意义，把in the place 放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Where is it that he found the lost watch(强调句型，强调疑问副词where)。
Where is the watch that he found yesterday.(定语从句，that指代the watch)（３）定语从句与并列结构He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him.He has two sons,and neither of them looks like him.I've got two of them are in Shanghai.第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。
第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two sons。
第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的处一个字母都大写。
（４）定语从句与状语从句He found the books where he had put.He found the books in the place where he had put.第一个句子为状语从句，where he had put 作主句He found the books 的地点状语。
第二个句子为定语从句，where引导从句修饰the place。
This is such an interesting book that I'd like to read it.This is such an interesting book as I'd like to read.第一个句子为结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中，it指代book,作read的宾语。
第二个句子为定语从句，关系代词as指代先行词book的定语从句中read的宾语。
（５）定语从句中的先行词Is this book the one that you bought yesterdayIs this the book that you bought yesterday第一个句子中，this book是主句的主语，the one 是先行词。
在第二个句子中this 是主句的主语，the book是先行词。
一定要避免出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday（６）定语从句与同位语从句定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。
例如：The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句)The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句)另：在"have no idea+从句"结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。
例如：I have no idea when she will be back.三、把握定语从句中的时空概念在定语从句的运用中，当其先行词表示时间或空间概念时，有些学生很容易想当然地用关系副词when或where引导，而没有具体情况具体处理。
所以，应注意以下几点。
（１）从逻辑意义上讲，只有从句中的谓语动词与该先行词构成动状（时间、地点）关系时，才能用when或where引导从句；或视不同情况以prep.+which代之。
例如：1、This is the country where/in which Edison was born。
（动状关系）2、I'll never forget the year when/in which the terrible earthquake happened.(动状关系)3、England was one of the places from which the settlers moved to America.(动状关系)（２）从逻辑意义上看，当从句中的谓语动词与该类先行词有主谓关系或动宾关系时，则以which/that或prep.+which引导从句。
4、Please follow the custom of the country which/that you are going to visit.(动宾关系)5、For ever I'll remember the year that/which brought me happy memo ry.(主谓关系)6、He is going to work in Tibet which/that is far away from Hebei Province.(主谓关系)（３）从逻辑意义上讲，当从句中作主语的名词与先行词存在所属关系时，则用词whose。
7、is going to the country whose name is Sweden.(所属关系)8、Generally,we refer to the time whose speed is unchanged.(所属关系)浅述主动式定语从句的简化一、定语从句简化英语表达方式是相当灵活的，为了表达言简意赅，使叙述简洁明快，常用一定的语法手段把句子加以简化，定语从句被简化成简单句就是常见的一种。
下面简单谈谈主动式定语从句简化的几种情况。
（１）定语从句中的关系代词为从句主语，其谓语动词是现在进行时，可以用现在分词短语来简化。
例如：The man who is teaching us English now graduated from Hubei Univ ersity three years ago.-->The man teaching us...现在教我们英语的老师三年前毕业于湖北大学。
但是，如果定语从句动词之后没有介词作状语时，现在分词常置于中心词之前。
例如：The countries which are developing should get united.-->The developing countries should...发展中的国家应该团结起来。
（２）把定语从句简化为现在分词短语有以下几个条件。
1、从句的动词和主句的动作的时态的一致。