Lecture3-口译笔记法资料
口译技巧---记笔记29页PPT

❖ 一、一开始就着手记
❖ 译员要养成习惯,准备出场做口译时就纸笔齐备, 工作一开始就做笔记。
❖ 这不是说讲话人一出口,译员就从第一个字起开 始记。口译笔记要记的是“意思”,听懂了一个 意思,译员自己认为有必要就摘记下来,至于用 什么语言,应该灵活掌握。
❖ 可以用讲话人的语言”
❖ 把听懂的东西消化、吸收,暂时变成译员自己的 思想,表达时译员就能像表达自己的思想一样, 用另一种语言很自然地把讲话人的意思表达出
❖ 因此,记笔记的时候,应该边听、边记、边分析、 边理解。理解是口译的前提,也是记忆的基础。 只有理解了,才能记得住,才能译得出。
❖ 作为辅助手段的笔记,不能强调得过头,更不能 过分依赖。
❖ 而要能脱离笔记本的束缚,灵活运用眼神,笔记 的字体就必须大而稀。一般来说,译员只用本子 的正面,反面空白,以防反面字迹印痕的干扰。
❖ 所以,建议初学者不要吝啬纸张,也不要不以为 然地沿袭老一套笔记方法,只有一开始就养成良 好的 笔记习惯,才会慢慢发现它在节约时间、 协助口译上有很大的作用。
❖ 口译记录一般采用以下格式:
❖ 3、每个意群结束后,都要在下面划一横线隔离 内容表示一个层次的完结,这样就不会使译员在 翻译时窜行或漏译,而且对所要译的段落已经按 意群进行了分析,可以说一目了然,层次清晰
❖ 4、记录完一个停顿中所要译的内容后,用“#” 表示该段的结束,这是为了避免和下一个停顿内 容相混淆,防止译员一时找不到段落的开头而乱 了阵脚。
❖ 做笔记是为了帮助当场的记忆,完全是译员为了 自己当场使用而采取的一种临时措施,口译一旦 完成,笔记便失去其作用。译员的笔记不像学生 的课堂笔记或者记录员的记录,为了事后整理提 供给自己或别人阅读。所以,译员只需考虑自己 的方便,有助于当场提醒自己的记忆,无需去 “照顾”别人。
口译笔记技巧

笔记技巧人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。
口译的过程中,译者会遭遇许多讯息负荷上的困难,例如:讯息过多、讯息密集(好几项并列的讯息)、讯息杂乱、或是讯息陌生(如数字或专有名词)。
既使能够完全理解讯息的內容,也有可能无法完整地将讯息传达出来。
因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
这时候,我们就需要一些辅助工具的协助,这就是口译笔记。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
口译笔记的功能是:第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用,避免遗忘漏失。
第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用,笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能,能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。
笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具,运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的內容是什么。
建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」(何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何)。
再加上,数字与专有名词就是了。
在讯息內容之外,还要进一步掌握的就是讯息內容之间的关系,例如:A. 笔记的的结构(指将讯息置于笔记纸上的组织方法)1. 纵向分页—要将版面分割以充分利用纸面,可以纵向画一条中线区隔。
2. 橫向分段--在每一语意完整的段落之后画一稍长之横线,每一口译段落之后则画一条贯穿版面之横线。
3. 阶梯式排列—适用于表示讯息的先后顺序。
4. 条列式记法—适用于表达并列的的讯息或是联手、对立等语意內涵。
B. 笔记的语言(运用图像、符号、简称、字母、文字或加以組合,以表达口语讯息的内容与结构。
)“怎样记”是一个因人而异的问题,理论上以目标语加符号为宜,如“powerful country”记作“强□”,“我同意”记作“I√”,“观点,看法一致”记作“⊙same”,“economic development”记作“经↑”等等。
《口译笔记法》课件

总结与展望
总结口译笔记法的技巧和应用
技巧:使用符号、 缩写、图表等方 法快速记录信息
技巧:注意听辨、 理解、记忆、表达 等环节的协调配合
应用:适用于会议、 谈判、演讲等场合 的口译工作
应用:有助于提高 口译质量和效率, 提升口译人员的专 业素养
展望口译笔记法的未来发展
技术进步:随着人工智能、大数据等技术的发展,口译笔记法将更加智能化、高效化
口译笔记法的应用:在现代口译中,口译笔记法已经成为不可或缺的工具,帮助口译员快速、 准确地记录和翻译信息
口译笔记法的未来:随着科技的发展,口译笔记法也在不断更新和完善,未来可能会更加智能 化和高效化。
口译笔记法的技 巧
笔记符号和缩写
笔记符号:用于 快速记录信息, 如箭头、圆圈、 方框等
缩写:将长词或 短语缩写为短词 或字母,如 “and”缩写为 “&”
添加副标题
《口译笔记法》PPT 课件
汇报人:PPT
目录
CONTENTS
01 添加目录标题
02 口译笔记法概述
03 口译笔记法的技巧
04 口译笔记法的实践 应用
05 口译笔记法的注意 事项
06 口译笔记法的训练 方法
07 总结与展望
添加章节标题
口译笔记法概述
口译笔记法的定义和重要性
定义:口译笔记法是一种在口译过程中使用的笔记方法,可以帮助口译员快速记录和整理信 息,提高口译质量。
口译员在口译过程中,要注意观察听众的反应,及时调整口译策略,避免因为过度依赖笔记 而影响口译的效果。
注意言辞的连贯性和流畅性
避免使用过于复 杂的词汇和句子 结构
保持语句的简洁 性和连贯性
注意语气和语调 的协调性
口译笔记技巧 课件

阶梯式排列
条列式记法
LANGUAGE
• During the process of interpreting, we can use the language we know well, abbreviations or ideograms to help us take notes. (more details on textbook P60-61) • Firstly, it is good to get to know the topic or if possible the copy material prior to the work in order not to be new with the content of the utterance. In addition, practicing taking note in separated and logical form is well recommended to avoid all confusion when reading back notes. And notes using abbreviations and symbols are very helpful in activating the most information in limited time with the least effort. • for example, International Monetary Fund (IMF) or International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL). • Besides, some symbols are also useful such as,. increase↑, decease ↓, etc
口译笔记法

+ 还有,和,此外,而且,以及 - 减少, 不会,没有 = 等于, 相当于 > 大过,超过,优越于 < 少于,小于,比不上 ↓ 减少,下降 ↑ 增加,上升,上报 ↗ 逐步增加 ↘ 逐步下降,减少 → 向前发展
∴ 所以, 于是 ∵ 因为,由于 √ 正确, 同意,好 ∽ 调换,对调,交流 ⅹ 错误,不行,没有 ‖ 停止, □ 国家 ⊙ 国内 □• 国外 ! 注意,警惕 ? 疑问,问题,试验 性 --- 下划线表示强调。
Exch (exchange), coop (cooperation), prodc (production), ref (reference), info (information), IT indy (information industry), telcom (telecommunication), IDD (international direct dialing), R&D (research and development), CAD( computer assisted design), agrd(agreed). CEO(chief executive officer), Govt(government), FOB(free on board), CIF(cost, insurance, fright)。
边听,边记。 很多学生往往是一听就忘了记,一记就听不懂。 其实这是一个英语听众与口译的本质区别。平时 我们所说的英语听力只需要你自己听懂理解就够 了.而这里你的角色是口译,信息要真实完整地再 现出来,而不是光在你自己头脑中有所印象。 这里给大家的建议是以后自己做听力练习,特别 是精听练习的时候,不能太舒服,要给自己压力, 逼着自己听的时候要记而且听完后要复述。在时 间上要坚持每次连续记笔记5分钟以上,否则在考 试中会出现听着听着力不从心的情况。
口译笔记课件

口译笔记的原则
• 1)听辨为先:保证听懂的前提下才可以去记笔记, 要注意听辨和笔记的注意力分配。 • 2)脑记为主:脑记占70%,笔记占30%,要注意脑记 和笔记的平衡协调。 • 3)得意忘形:记的是意思和逻辑关系而不是字词。 • 4)快速准确:使用精简缩略,用最少的符号代表尽 量完整的意义。快速书写但不潦草。 • 5)清楚易认:书写规范,结构清晰,明确结束。
Group Members:
• • • • •
What is note-taking in interpretation? Why should we take notes? What to take notes? How to take notes? Conclusion
LOGO
什么是口译笔记?
口译笔记是指口译员在紧张的会场气氛 中,在不干扰听辨源语的情况下,迅速地 以简便的符号、文字等把讲话的重点内容 记录下来,作为对大脑记忆的补充。它同 时适用于中文和英文。
LOGO
为什么要记口译笔记?
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部 分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作 性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性 的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素 很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意 义性。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全 依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便 显得十分重要。
LOGO
• Note down accurately the numbers, dates and proper names. • Pay attention to verb tenses, conditional forms, and modle verbs.
LOGO
Take down the main points of the speech, together with any amount of minor details you could manage. But digest everything before taking notes!
口译笔记法-精选

口译笔记要点
1. 少写多划。划线条比写文字快。线条形象,相 当于翻译的"半成品",有助译员眼看笔记,口出 译文。两种情况下应该尽量用线条: 表示动作和动态的词句。比如,以上升的斜线代 表"发展","增加","进步","进一步";以下降的斜 线代表"减少","下降","恶化"等等。 表示因果或前后关系的词句。比如,用一条线代 表"因为/所以","…之后","在…之前",以体现出 上下前后之间的关联关系。
如果是坐在桌前,笔记本放在桌面上,也是记完一页,翻 过去一页。也千万不要忘记在讲话人开口说下一段之前, 手持本, 另一手随时都可以掏出笔来,一按就开始 记。如果是旋转开盖的笔,则需要两只手 操作。如果笔套不紧的,还时不时要掉, 很分心。长年惯带两支笔,免遭墨水用尽 之难.
6. 明确结束。口译中,讲话人说一段,停 下来让译员译一段,然后再继续。这样,
上一段话和下一段话之间,必须有明确的
界限。上一次的结束点,就成了下一次翻
译的开始点。其重要性在于,如果笔记是 从本子的1/3处开始的,下一段话可能写了 2-3页,翻回来口译时,眼光无法确定这页 上面哪一条线,或符号是这次翻译内容的 开始点。所以需要标明 .
边听,边记。说来容易,很多学生往往是一听就 忘了记,一记就听不懂。其实这是个根本问题, 是一个英语听众与口译的本质区别。平时我们所 说的英语听力只需要你自己听懂理解就够了,而 这里你的角色是口译,信息要真实完整地再现出 来,而不是光在你自己头脑中有所印象。这里给 大家的建议是以后自己做听力练习,特别是精听 练习的时候,不能太舒服,要给自己压力,逼着 自己听的时候要记而且听完后要复述。在时间上 要坚持每次连续记笔记5分钟以上,否则在考试中 会出现听着听着力不从心的情况。
英语口译笔记

口译课堂PPTWhat’s interpretation?“Interpretation is a communication process, designed to reveal meanings and relationships of our cultural and natural heritage-Interpretation CanadaIt should be stressed that interpretive communication is not simply presenting information, but a specific communication strategy that is used to translate that information for people, from the technical language of the expert, to the everyday language of the visitor.The classification of interpretation1.Working characteristics:Consecutive interpretation 即席翻译Simultaneous interpretation 同声传译2.Different domains: politics、social、law、culture、diplomatic etc.The basic requirements of interpretation1.Listening&speaking competence2.Translation competence (vocabulary, grammar, sentence, pattern, etc.)3.Connection: smart response ability through hard trainingThe process of interpretationInterpret (processing of information)解译The standards of interpretation1.“accuracy” is the cornerstone of interpretation2.“smoothness” is the life of interpretation3.“Fluency” is the sign of good qualityProfessional codes of conduct for interpretationEach profession has its generally accepted codes of conduct and professional ethics, and so do interpreters.The interpreter must know his professional ethics well and abide by them for the fulfillment of a successful career in interpreting.The highest standards of international interpreting mean that the interpreter is always professional, keeps confident, is objective, does not interfere with the exchange of information, and has the respect and trust of both parties in the dialogue. The highest praise for the personalinternational figures is that nobody has notices their presence.1.Professional confidenceThe interpreter has the obligation never to release any secret which he/she has come to know through the performance of his work. This is extremely important.2.Sufficient preparationAs early as possible before an assignment, the interpreter should acquire a very complete file of the documents which will come up for discussion both in the source language and in the target language.1) Advanced preparationBefore the meeting, the interpreter should ask the conference organizer to provide a full set of documents, which include the conference programmer, list of participants, background information about the conference, and most important, documents on the content of the conference (including drafts of papers to be read or presented, abstracts, etc.)Briefings are potentially a very useful part of advanced preparation. They are meetings organized for the interpreter, with the participation of the organizer and experts in the field. At the briefing, general information is given to the interpreter, who can ask specific questions, generally on concepts and terminology.2) Last minute preparationFor organizational reasons, the conference documents are not always available before the conference.Sometimes, many documents are only available at the very last moment, yet a acquisition may revolve around them. The interpreter should be ready to deal with the situation.3) In-conference preparationMuch information is gained during the conference itself, partly through documents which are only handed out after the meeting has started, partly through conversation with participants during break, and partly through the content of presentations and discussions.3. Conference-room mannerIn meetings, the interpreter should match the general average in dress an thus be inconspicuous.4. Personal qualifications and assignmentsIt is the responsibility of the interpreter to find out about the exact character of an assignment before accepting it.5. Doubts and mistakesOn some occasions, particularly in technical discussion, the interpreter will come across words for which he/she does not know the right translation. In this situation, he/she should tryto give a clear paraphrase to explain it. If this cannot be done, he/she should be frank to admit his/she ignorance and try to seek help from whatever source available.If the interpreter makes a mistake, he/she should correct it immediately without feeling shy or worrying about losing face. If the speaker or a listener corrects a mistake made by the interpreter, the interpreter should always be ready to accept the correction, apologize and thank briefly. Even when the corrections are wrong, the interpreter should remain polite and explain later instead of embarking on a discussion.6. Maintain professional confidentialityThe interpreter’s work often makes him/her the unwanted and unavoidable sharer of secrets belongings to groups or individuals in international gatherings. Not only should the interpreter never intentionally discuss or volunteer information about sensitive material that he/she has had access to in work, but the interpreter should also take the greatest care to leak out apparently harmless which might be highly sensitive in some quarters.第一讲:口译技能训练之公共场合讲话Public SpeakingIn interpreting, the interpreter transmits the message through spoken language, which is spontaneous, instantaneous, and ephemeral. Spontaneity arises from the need to interpret as one hears the source message, and the interpretation is instantaneous in the sense that there is little time to prepare. Everything which is said is ephemeral: there is little possibility of a playback or analysis. Therefore clarity is essential so that the listeners have the maximum chance of understanding what the interpreter says.The interpreter should make a point of making his voice carry well so that the audience-even those sitting at the back of a large meeting room-can hear clearly.Voice Projection (some tips)1)Speak with a clear, firm voice, the first few sentences are especially important to convey assurance to your audience;2)Be clearly intelligible at all times; pronounce proper names and titles especially carefully;3)Don’t “orate”, but do sound natural and sincere;4)Use the first person singular;5)Talk to your audience”personally” and keep contact with them at all times;6)Watch the reaction of the audience to what you say;7)Be friendly toward your audience, be interested in your subject;8)Don’t frown;9)Don’t grimace, even if you make mistakes.Speed of deliveryPublic speaking for an interpreter means that you have to maintain the interest of the audience,who are hearing a text twice, once in a version which they cannot understand. You must engage their attention, and one method is to vary your speed of delivery.More tips:1)Don’t talk faster than 160 words a minute or slower than 90 words a minute;2)Keep your rate of delivery constantly changing;3)Don’t be monotonous in your delivery;4)Change your pace or speed in response to the audience’s reactions;5)Allow space for applause, laughter, or interruptions;6)Keep eye contact with the audience.第二讲:口译技能训练之记忆训练Memory trainingThe importance of a good memory in interpretingThe ability to process information is an essential part of successful interpreting. The ability to listen, comprehend, and retain information is necessary for processing information. Theory:As Wolfgang Zoelke pointed out in his popular work, Conditioning your memory, “Memory is no local function in the brain and definitely not a type of container. Memory is rather the entire body of thought which you retain,” and “memory is the lasting functioning of many mechanical, sensory, mental and physical moments.”Short-term Memory:The duration of STM is very short. It is up 6 to 30 seconds. Memory in interpreting only lasts for a short time. Once the interpreting assignment is over, the interpreter moves on to another one, often with different context, subject and speakers.Long-term Memory:Long-term Memory occurs when you have created neural pathways for storing ideas and information which can then be recalled weeks, months, or even years later. To create these pathways, you must make a deliberate attempt to encode the information in the way you intend to recall it later. Long-term memory is a learning process. And it is essentially an important part of the interpreter’s acquisition of knowledge, because information stored in LTM may last for minutes to weeks, months, or even an entire life.Short-term memory trainingShadowing 影子练习ParrotingChinese Whispers Simultaneous shadowing Lagging shadowing Multi-taskingLong-term memory trainingInformation-VisualizationThis is to visualize what the speaker is saying in interpretation. It is applicable to the retaining of information in such speech types as narration, description and introduction.Encoding, storage and retrievalCategorization, generalization and comparison提纲式记忆指译员充分利用语篇的基本结构及其主要意义间的联系,把源语材料内容当做提纲或框架来处理。
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❖ 1.在大连生产,然后出口给日本
❖ (大→J )
❖ 2.我们每年向欧洲输出劳务。
❖ (L →E)
❖ 3.中国的产品已经打入国际市场。
❖ ( 中 P → W 市)
❖ 4.中国代表队将于四月12日抵达美国参加比赛。❖ (中 4.12 → US 比)
❖ 5.中国政府将派遣20名专家赴南极考察。
❖ 中 → 20专 S)
例如:
❖ 1. 大量的移民来自英国、波兰 ❖ ( im ← Br Po) ❖ 2. the US imports from Japan: ❖ ( US ← J ) ❖ 3. 回到刚才所说的第三点: ❖ p.3 ← ❖ 4. 国宝回到了中国。 ❖ ( CN←宝 ) ( 宝CN )
↑
❖ 表示: 增长、扩大、提高、发展、升起、加强、 上涨、发射、起飞、升空、提拔、晋升 (grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, strengthen, increase, improve, launch, ascend, promote)
箭头的使用
→
❖ 表示: 出口, 输出、打入、出国、到达、前往、 派遣、交给、运往、导致、发展(export to, enter, arrive in, lead to, present to, give to, submit to, result in, send to, cause)
例如:
❖ 6.此次灾害造成约50亿美元的经济损失。
❖ (灾→5b$失)
❖ 7. Our services reach 40 countries.
❖ (服→40 口)
❖ 8. 1997年香港回归祖国。
❖ (97’ HK →中)
←
❖ 表示: 来自、源于、进口、收到、回到、回归 (come from, originate in, import from, receive from, come back to, return)。
口译笔记常用符号及示范
一、口译笔记符号的应用
为什么需要笔记?
❖ 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译 表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分 为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。笔记是正式口译 的关键。使用笔记是为了补充大脑短期记忆和 耐久力的不足,以保证译文的精确度,并保证 其不受讲话人持续时间长短的影响。
笔记的九大要点
❖ 1.少写多划。 ❖ 2.少字多意。 ❖ 3.形式固定。 ❖ 4.少横多竖。 ❖ 5.快速书写。 ❖ 6.明确结束。 ❖ 7.口译笔记应记要点,切忌追求记“全”。 ❖ 8.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 ❖ 9.口译笔记可以使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也
可双语兼用。
二、常用口译笔记介绍
例如:
❖ 1. 汽车进口增长百分之二十五 ❖ ( 车←↑25% ) ❖ 2. 扩大开放与合作 ❖ ( ↑开 & 合 ) ❖ 3. 提高人民生活水平 ❖ ( ↑生 ) ❖ 4. 神州五号成功发射 ❖( V↑) ❖ 5. 26人晋升为教授 ❖ ( 26 ↑ pro)
↓
❖ 表示: 向下、轰炸、跳水、下跌、减少、恶化、 降职、削减、裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, decrease, descend, go down, fall, deteriorate, reduce, cut down)
例如:
❖ 1. 物价升幅比2003年降低6个百分点 ❖ ( 价 比03 ↓6 p ) ❖ 2. 欧洲去往美国的移民减少了40万 ❖ ( Eu → US ↓ 400T ) ❖ 3. 200多名干部被降职 ❖ ( > 200干↓ )
↗ 表示: 促进
❖ 要促进和平与稳定, 只有和平与稳定了,经济 才能发展
需要用什么笔记?
❖ 口译的笔记是每个译员根据一组普遍原则自 己发展起来的,是专用于口译的自我速记体 系。口译笔记必须让译员能够眼看笔记即可 口出译文。所以,第一不能是大片文字。第 二,必须是经过译员消化过的内容,是一种 半成品。
如何记笔记?
❖ 需要强调的是每个人的记忆、思维和反应都有各自 的特点。最好用的笔记法是你自己发展出来的、适 合自己使用的系统。比如,笔记越简单,记录就越 迅速。但笔记简单了,对短期记忆的要求就相对提 高了。所以,笔记多少为最佳,因人而异,需要摸 索出适合于自己的平衡点。笔记所用的语言和符号 也必须在参考别人的基础上,由自己确定。主要有 九大要点,基本涵盖了如何做笔记的精髓。
❖ (↗和, 经→)
↑↑表示: 越来越强
❖ 中国经济越来越强。 ❖ ( 经↑↑)
+
❖ 表示: 加上、另外、除此之外(plus, and, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, what’s more)
Interpretation
Note-taking skills
记忆方法的训练
❖ 一、 脑记。
先听一段,然后用原文复述,不要求逐字 逐句过耳成诵,只要讲出大意即可。这有 助于训练抓住逻辑主线的能力。强记要注 重捕捉语句间的逻辑关系,而不能让字词 牵着鼻子走。
❖ 二、 笔记。
❖ 确实应当在脑记比较成熟的基础上进行。如果 你对自己的强记能力很有信心,那么笔记就是 一种补充,主要是为了记下一连串的数字及各 种名称。这时,因为你有自信,所以不会发慌, 听到的东西也不会突然消失。
❖ 当然,随着年龄的增长,也可在脑记为主的基 础上适当增加笔记的份量。在捕捉逻辑关系的 同时,凭语感将语句划为若干意群,每个意群 一个关键词就够了。注意在讲话人结束讲话前 尽量记得多一点,因为往往越到最后记忆越容 易出错。
注意
❖ 总之,无论脑记还是笔记,起码得有其中一 项让你充满自信。如果你还不到30,增加脑 记训练还是必要的。否则,不妨考虑全速练 笔,在飞笔中摸索出提炼关键词的规律。假 以时日,没什么做不到的。
❖ 1. 口译笔记应记要点,切忌追求记“全”。 ❖ 2. 口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、
数字、组织机构和逻辑关系。 ❖ 3. 口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 ❖ 4. 口译笔记可以使用来源语,也可使用目标
语,也可以双语兼用。 ❖ 5. 译员应该随身携带一本开本稍窄、可上下
翻动的记事本 // 。