肿瘤词汇大全
翻译--西医肿瘤科术语英文翻译
西医肿瘤科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医肿瘤科术语英文翻译：1. 肿瘤学：Oncology2. 癌症：Cancer3. 良性肿瘤：Benign Tumors4. 恶性肿瘤：Malignant Tumors5. 原发性肿瘤：Primary Tumors6. 继发性肿瘤：Metastatic Tumors7. 肉瘤：Sarcomas8. 癌细胞：Cancer Cells9. 肿瘤细胞学：Cytology of Tumors10. 肿瘤标志物：Tumor Markers11. 肿瘤免疫学：Immunology of Tumors12. 肿瘤病理学：Pathology of Tumors13. 肿瘤细胞遗传学：Cytogenetics of Tumors14. 放射治疗：Radiation Therapy15. 化学治疗：Chemotherapy16. 靶向治疗：Targeted Therapy17. 免疫治疗：Immunotherapy18. 激素治疗：Hormonal Therapy19. 姑息治疗：Palliative Care20. 肿瘤切除手术：Tumor Resection Surgery21. 化疗药物：Chemotherapeutic Agents22. 放疗设备：Radiation Therapy Equipment23. 内窥镜手术：Endoscopic Surgery24. 肿瘤基因检测：Tumor Genetic Testing25. 肿瘤细胞培养：Tumor Cell Culture26. 肿瘤细胞株：Tumor Cell Lines27. 细胞毒药物：Cytotoxic Drugs28. 生物反应调节剂：Biological Response Modifiers (BRMs)29. 肿瘤疫苗：Tumor Vaccines30. 基因治疗：Gene Therapy31. 过继性细胞免疫治疗：Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy (ACI)32. 肿瘤干细胞：Tumor Stem Cells (TSCs)33. 肿瘤微环境：Tumor Microenvironment (TME)34. 癌症基因组学：Cancer Genomics35. 癌症蛋白质组学：Cancer Proteomics36. 癌症代谢组学：Cancer Metabolomics37. 多学科综合治疗团队：Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Approach38. 个体化治疗：Personalized/Precision Medicine39. 基于分子分型的治疗策略：Molecular Subtype-Based Therapeutic Strategies40. 新辅助治疗与辅助治疗：Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapies41. 微卫星不稳定（MSI）：Microsatellite Instability (MSI)42. 体细胞突变与胚系突变：Somatic and Germline Mutations43. 多药耐药性（MDR）：Multidrug Resistance (MDR)44. 表观遗传学修饰：Epigenetic Modifications45. 系统性红斑狼疮与肿瘤风险（SLE与肿瘤）：Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Tumor Risk (SLE and Cancer)46. 基因突变筛查与预防性筛查：Genetic Mutation Screening and Preventive Screening47. 量子点与光热疗法（QD-PTT）：Quantum Dots and Photothermal Therapy (QD-PTT)48. 正电子发射断层扫描（PET）：Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan49. 正电子药物与示踪剂（PET药物）：Positron-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals (PET Radiopharmaceuticals)。
常见肿瘤英文名
常见肿瘤英文名1.乳腺癌: breast cancer2.非霍奇金淋巴瘤: non-hodgkin lymphoma3.霍奇金淋巴瘤: hodgkin lymphoma4.奥沙利铂: Oxaliplatin5.吉西他滨：Gemcitabine6.多发性骨髓瘤: multiple myeloma7.胸膜间皮瘤: pleural mesothetioma8.贲门癌: cancinoma of gastric cardia9.阴茎癌: penis cancer10.氟尿嘧啶: Fluorouracil11.洛铂: Lobaplatin12.培美曲塞: pemetrexed13.胰腺癌: pancreatic cancer14.前列腺癌: prostatic cancer15.卵巢癌: ovarian cancer16.食管癌: esophageal cancer17.绒毛膜癌: chorioblastoma18.宫颈癌: cervical cancer19.胃癌: gastric cancer20.肝癌：liver cancer21.结肠癌: colonic cancer22.直肠癌：rectal cancer23.肺癌：lung cancer24.子宫内膜癌：cancer of endometrium25.肾癌：renal cancinoma26.膀胱癌：bladder cancer27.鼻咽癌：nasopharyngeal cancinoma28.上颌窦癌：cancinoma of maxillary sinus29.喉癌：cancinoma of larynx30.下咽癌：Hypopharyngeal cancer31.睾丸肿瘤：tumor of testis32.恶性黑色素瘤：chromoma；malignant melanoma33.皮肤癌：skin cancer34.胆管癌：cancinoma of bile duct35.甲状腺癌：thyroid cancer36.脑恶性肿瘤：malignant brain tumor37.垂体瘤：pituitary tumors38.急性白血病：acute leukemia (AL)39.慢性粒细胞性白血病: chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)40.慢性淋巴细胞性白血病: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)41.多毛细胞性白血病: hairy cell leukemia (HCL)42. malignant neoplasm of spermatic cord(精索恶性肿瘤)43.prolactinoma(泌乳素瘤)44.Hypopituitarism(垂体功能减退症)。
肿瘤学词汇
Oncology肿瘤学(zhong liu xue)Oncologist肿瘤科医师(zhong liu ke yi shi)A physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer.Carcinoma癌(ai)，癌瘤(ai liu)Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. This cancer develops from epithelia上皮细胞(shang pi xi bao)(sheets of cells that cover a surface, such a the skin, or line a body cavity, such as the glandular lining of stomach). Some names for tumors of this type would be:Carcinoma of the prostate前列腺癌科(qian lie xian liu ke)Adenocarcinoma of the lung肺腺癌(fei xian ai) 肺病(fei bing)Hepatocellular carcinoma肝细胞癌(gan xi bao ai)Sarcoma肉瘤(rou liu), 恶性毒瘤(er xing du liu)A rare form of cancer that arises from connective and supportive tissues, such as that seen in thebone marrow 骨髓(gu sui) , muscle, and lymphatics淋巴系统. (lin ba xi tong)Osteosarcoma (malignancy of bone) 骨肉瘤(gu rou liu), multiple myeloma (malignancy of bone marrow) 骨髓瘤(gu rou liu) are two examples. The term sarcoma does not always appear in the name as in the second example.Malignant恶性的(e xing de) vs. Benign良性的(liang xing de)Literally, the Malignant vs. Benign expression means “evil” versus “good”. Malignant is the term used when a cancer or a medical condition has the potentioal to become life threating or terminal. Benign, on the other hand, means that the disease is not fatal. Advanced malignancy 减轻的(jie qin de) is when a cancer is well developed.Radiosensitive 对放射线敏感的(fa she min gan)The cancer degenerates退化(tui hua) in response to radiation therapy.Radioresistant 辐射阻抗的(fa she xian zu kang de)Cancer is slow to respond or may not respond at all to radiation therapy.Metastasis转移(zhuan yi)The placement of cancer in other organs or tissues other then the origin 起源(qi yuan)is called metastasis and the traveling of the cancer to other areas of the body to form new tumors is termed Metastasize转移(zhuan yi). This Invasive入侵的(ru qin de) quality of a tumor to spread into surrounding organs is a manor differentiation between malignant and benign.In remission免除(mian chu)This is the term that indicates a time period of holding the cancer in check 被阻止(.bei zu zh i).Relapse复发(bu fa)When a cancer returns, the patient is said to relapse. Unfortunately, many cancers, such as leukemia (Overabundance of white blood cells) 白血病(Bai xue bing), recur.Carcinogens良性肿瘤(liang xing zhong liu)Carcinogens are cancer-causing agents. Broad categories include radiation exposure, chemicals, drugs and viruses. Only certain types of chemicals, drugs and viruses are carcinogens and excessive radiation exposure. Environmental chemicals found in tobacco smoke and automotive exhaust, toxic emissions from factory smokestacks, and asbestos exposure can be carcinogenic致癌物(质) 的(zhi ai wu zhi de). Human Papilloma virus 乳突淋瘤病毒(ru tu lin liu bing du) is the major cause of cervical子宫颈的(zi gong jing de) cancer.Fractionation 低剂量分次给药(di ji liang fen ci gei yao)Repeated low doses of radiation therapy that allow a higher total doseMyelosuppressionA side effect副作用(fu zuo yong) of chemotherapy is the reduction of bone marrow 骨髓(gu ge) blood cell replacement. Patients may complain of extreme fatigue due to anemia 贫血(pin xie) and can be at an increased risk for infectious diseases 传染病(chuan ran bing) due to the reduced number of leucocytes白血病. (bai xie bing).Chemotherapeutic agents 化学疗法(hua xue liao fa)Chemotherapy化学疗法(hua xue liao fa) has the goal of killing or stopping the development of rapidly dividing cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Bleomycin博来霉素(bo lai mei su), 5-fluorouraci5氟尿嘧啶(fu niao mi ding), methotrexate甲氨蝶呤(jia an die ling), Vincristine长春新碱(chang chun xin jia), Vinblastine长春碱(chang chun jian), Taxol and Tamoxifen三苯氧胺(san ben yang an). Since the same mechanism that kills a malignant cell or blocks development of a malignant cell can have similar effects on a normal, rapidly dividing cell, any of these agents can have bad side effects. Some forms of cancer treated with chem otherapy may cause the cancer to “disappear” for a while although not cured and the patient may be symptom free sometimes for months or years.Malignant melanoma 恶性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu)Melanoma 黑素瘤(hei su liu) 皮膚癌(pi tu ai), 澳洲皮膚癌(ao zhou pi tu ai) or "black mole cancer" is the name given to the most dangerous form of skin cancer皮肤癌(pi fu ai) it is malignant melanoma惡性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu),. The reason melanoma is so dangerousis that once it grows to a certain thickness, it metastasizes throughout the body. After the melanoma has spread to the internal organs there is little that can be done and death follows shortly after. This type of cancer tends to occur in men and women in the prime of their lives最初的(zui chu de), 青春(qing chun),精华(jing hua).Adjuvant therapy 辅助疗法(fu zhu liao fa)After surgical removal of the cancer there are additional treatments, which may include chemotherapy, radiation, or combination of both.Cryosurgery 冷冻术(leng dong shu)Destroying malignant tissue by freezing it with a cold probe. Often used for soft tissues like the liver.Fulguration 电灼疗法(dian zhuo liao fa)This term means “lightning” in Latin. Malignant tissue destroyed with an electrocautery电烙术(dian lao shu) instrument.Excisional Biopsy 切除(qie chu) 活组织检查(hua zu ji jian cha)Removal of tumor and a safe margin of normal tissue is how an excisional biopsy is performed. Can be curative for many cancers if done before metastases活组织检查(huo zu ji jian cha), 活组织切片检查(huo zu ji qie pian jian cha).En bloc resection 清扫术(qing shao shu)Removal of the tumor and a large amount of surrounding tissue including positive lymph nodes淋巴结(lin ba jie) is called an en bloc resection.Palliative treatment缓解治疗(huan jie zhi liao)Gives relief of symptoms, but does not cure and is reserved for advanced malignancy。
医学英语词汇 肿瘤中英互译
医学英语词汇肿瘤中英互译医学英语词汇：肿瘤中英互译malignant melanoma神经外胚层：恶性黑色素瘤malignant meningioma脑膜：恶性脑膜瘤malignant mesothelioma间皮：恶性间皮瘤malignant mixed tumor唾液腺：恶性混合瘤malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor， malignant schwannoma神经鞘：恶性周边神经鞘肿瘤malignant pheochromocytoma肾上腺髓质：恶性嗜铬细胞瘤malignant phyllodes tumor乳房：恶性叶状瘤malignant teratoma恶性畸胎瘤metastasis远处转移Microinvasive carcinoma微侵袭癌mild dysplasia轻度异生moderate dysplasia中度异生moderately differentiated中度分化myeloma浆细胞：骨髓瘤neuroblastoma神经节细胞：神经母细胞瘤neuroblastoma神经母细胞瘤neuron-specific enolase; NSE神经特异性烯醇adenocarcinoma腺管上皮：腺癌adrenal cortical carcinoma肾上腺皮质：肾上腺皮质癌American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging; AJCC美国癌症分期联合委员会angiosara血管内皮：医学教.育网血管肉瘤basal cell carcinoma基内幕胞：基内幕胞癌calcitonin抑钙素carcinoembryonic antigen; CEA癌胚抗原carcinoma恶性上皮肿瘤Carcinoma in situ原位癌catecholamine儿茶酚胺chondrosara软骨：软骨肉瘤choriocarcinoma胎盘上皮：绒毛膜癌direct extension直接蔓延dysgerminoma恶性胚胎瘤Dysplasia异生fetoprotein; AFP胎蛋白fibrosara纤维组织：纤维肉瘤FIGO： International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics国际妇产科学联盟glioma神经胶细胞：神经胶细胞瘤hematogenous metastasis血行转移hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatoma肝细胞：肝细胞癌histopathological grading组织病理分化human chorionic gonadotropin; HCG人类绒毛膜促性腺素immature teratoma全能细胞：未成熟畸胎瘤International Union against Cancer; UICC国际防癌联盟Invasive carcinoma侵袭癌leiomyosara平滑肌：平滑肌肉瘤leukemia造血细胞：白血病liposara脂肪组织：脂肪肉瘤lymphangiosara淋巴管内皮：淋巴管肉瘤lymphatic metastasis淋巴转移lymphoma类淋巴组织：淋巴瘤node淋巴结oma良性肿瘤osteosara硬骨：骨肉瘤poorly differentiated分化不良prostate-specific antigen; PSA前列腺特异性抗原prostatic acid phosphatase; PAP前列腺酸性磷酸renal cell carcinoma肾脏上皮：肾细胞癌rhabdomyosara横纹肌：横纹肌肉瘤sara恶性间叶肿瘤seminoma生殖细胞：精细胞瘤severe dysplasia重度异生squamous cell carcinoma鳞状上皮：鳞状细胞癌stage期别synovial sara滑膜：医.学教.育网搜.集滑膜肉瘤thymic carcinoma胸腺上皮：胸腺癌transitional cell carcinoma泌尿道上皮：过渡细胞癌tumor marker临床检验：含肿瘤标记undifferentiated未分化well differentiated分化良好。
与肿瘤学相关的名词解释
与肿瘤学相关的名词解释1.肿瘤（Tumor）：指异常细胞的不受控制地生长和分裂形成的结构，可以是良性（不会侵犯周围组织）或恶性（能够侵犯周围组织并扩散到其他部位）。
2.癌症（Cancer）：是一种代表恶性肿瘤的术语，指肿瘤细胞具有侵袭性、能够通过血液或淋巴系统延伸到其他部位的特征。
3.肿瘤标志物（Tumor marker）：血液中或其他体液中存在的特定化学物质，其存在水平可以在肿瘤的诊断和监测中提供信息。
4.良性肿瘤（Benign tumor）：指细胞异常增生，形成结节或肿块，但不具有恶性特征，无能力侵入周围组织或扩散到其他部位。
5.恶性肿瘤（Malignant tumor）：指细胞不受控制地生长和分裂，并且有侵犯周围组织的能力，可以通过血液循环或淋巴系统转移到其他部位。
6.转移（Metastasis）：肿瘤细胞从原发肿瘤扩散到其他部位的过程，这些扩散的肿瘤称为转移瘤。
7.原发肿瘤（Primary tumor）：指肿瘤最初发生的部位，通常是恶性肿瘤的起源。
8.化疗（Chemotherapy）：通过使用抗癌药物来杀死或控制癌细胞的治疗方法，常用于恶性肿瘤的治疗。
9.放疗（Radiation therapy）：利用高能射线或其他辐射源来杀死癌细胞或停止其增殖的治疗方法，常用于局部控制癌症。
10.手术切除（Surgical excision）：指通过手术切除肿瘤组织的方法，可以是恶性肿瘤的一种治疗方式，也可用于诊断确认。
拓展解释：11.免疫治疗（Immunotherapy）：利用激活或增强患者自身免疫系统来对抗肿瘤细胞的治疗方法，可以通过抑制肿瘤免疫逃逸、增加免疫反应等方式来提高抗癌能力。
12.靶向治疗（Targeted therapy）：针对肿瘤细胞中特定的变异基因或异常蛋白进行治疗，以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和扩散，通常用于恶性肿瘤的个体化治疗。
13.早期诊断（Early detection）：通过检测肿瘤标志物、影像学检查或其他方法来尽早发现潜在的肿瘤，以便提供更好的治疗机会和预后。
肿瘤学词汇
O n c o l o g y肿瘤学(z h o n g l i u x u e)Oncologist肿瘤科医师(zhong liu ke yi shi)A physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer.Carcinoma癌(ai)，癌瘤(ai liu)Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. This cancer develops from epithelia上皮细胞(shang pi xi bao)(sheets of cells that cover a surface, such a the skin, or line a body cavity, such as the glandular lining of stomach). Some names for tumors of this type would be:Carcinoma of the prostate前列腺癌科(qian lie xian liu ke)Adenocarcinoma of the lung肺腺癌(fei xian ai) 肺病(fei bing)Hepatocellular carcinoma肝细胞癌(gan xi bao ai)Sarcoma肉瘤(rou liu), 恶性毒瘤(er xing du liu)A rare form of cancer that arises from connective and supportive tissues, such as that seen in thebone marrow 骨髓(gu sui) , muscle, and lymphatics淋巴系统. (lin ba xi tong)Osteosarcoma (malignancy of bone) 骨肉瘤(gu rou liu), multiple myeloma (malignancy of bone marrow) 骨髓瘤(gu rou liu) are two examples. The term sarcoma does not always appear in the name as in the second example.Malignant恶性的(e xing de) vs. Benign良性的(liang xing de)Literally, the Malignant vs. Benign expression means “evil” versus “good”. Malignant is the term used when a cancer or a medical condition has the potentioal to become life threating or terminal. Benign, on the other hand, means that the disease is not fatal. Advanced malignancy 减轻的(jie qin de) is when a cancer is well developed.Radiosensitive 对放射线敏感的(fa she min gan)The cancer degenerates退化(tui hua) in response to radiation therapy.Radioresistant 辐射阻抗的(fa she xian zu kang de)Cancer is slow to respond or may not respond at all to radiation therapy.Metastasis转移(zhuan yi)The placement of cancer in other organs or tissues other then the origin 起源(qi yuan) is called metastasis and the traveling of the cancer to other areas of the body to form new tumors is termed Metastasize转移(zhuan yi). This Invasive入侵的(ru qin de) quality of a tumor to spread into surrounding organs is a manor differentiation between malignant and benign.In remission免除(mian chu)This is the term that indicates a time period of holding the cancer in check 被阻止(.bei zu zh i).Relapse复发(bu fa)When a cancer returns, the patient is said to relapse. Unfortunately, many cancers, such as leukemia (Overabundance of white blood cells) 白血病(Bai xue bing), recur.Carcinogens良性肿瘤(liang xing zhong liu)Carcinogens are cancer-causing agents. Broad categories include radiation exposure, chemicals, drugs and viruses. Only certain types of chemicals, drugs and viruses are carcinogens and excessive radiation exposure. Environmental chemicals found in tobacco smoke and automotive exhaust, toxic emissions from factory smokestacks, and asbestos exposure can be carcinogenic致癌物(质) 的(zhi ai wu zhi de). Human Papilloma virus 乳突淋瘤病毒(ru tu linliu bing du) is the major cause of cervical子宫颈的(zi gong jing de) cancer.Fractionation 低剂量分次给药(di ji liang fen ci gei yao)Repeated low doses of radiation therapy that allow a higher total doseMyelosuppressionA side effect副作用(fu zuo yong) of chemotherapy is the reduction of bone marrow 骨髓(gu ge) blood cell replacement. Patients may complain of extreme fatigue due to anemia 贫血(pin xie) and can be at an increased risk for infectious diseases 传染病(chuan ran bing) due to the reduced number of leucocytes白血病. (bai xie bing). Chemotherapeutic agents 化学疗法(hua xue liao fa)Chemotherapy化学疗法(hua xue liao fa) has the goal of killing or stopping the development of rapidly dividing cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Bleomycin博来霉素(bo lai mei su), 5-fluorouraci 5氟尿嘧啶(fu niao mi ding), methotrexate甲氨蝶呤(jia an die ling), Vincristine长春新碱(chang chun xin jia), Vinblastine长春碱(chang chun jian), Taxol and Tamoxifen三苯氧胺(san ben yang an). Since the same mechanism that kills a malignant cell or blocks development of a malignant cell can have similar effects on a normal, rapidly dividing cell, any of these agents can have bad side effects. Some forms of cancer treated with chemotherapy may cause the cancer to “disappear” for a while although not cured and the patient may be symptom free sometimes for months or years. Malignant melanoma 恶性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu)Melanoma 黑素瘤(hei su liu) 皮膚癌(pi tu ai), 澳洲皮膚癌(ao zhou pi tu ai) or "black mole cancer" is the name given to the most dangerous form of skin cancer皮肤癌(pi fu ai) it is malignant melanoma惡性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu),. The reason melanoma is so dangerous is that once it grows to a certain thickness, it metastasizes throughout the body. After the melanoma has spread to the internal organs there is little that can be done and death follows shortly after. This type of cancer tends to occur in men and women in the prime of their lives最初的(zui chu de), 青春(qing chun),精华(jing hua).Adjuvant therapy 辅助疗法(fu zhu liao fa)After surgical removal of the cancer there are additional treatments, which may include chemotherapy, radiation, or combination of both.Cryosurgery 冷冻术(leng dong shu)Destroying malignant tissue by freezing it with a cold probe. Often used for soft tissues like the liver.Fulguration 电灼疗法(dian zhuo liao fa)This term means “lightning” in Latin. Malignant tissue destroyed with an electrocautery电烙术(dian lao shu) instrument.Excisional Biopsy 切除(qie chu) 活组织检查(hua zu ji jian cha)Removal of tumor and a safe margin of normal tissue is how an excisional biopsy is performed. Can be curative for many cancers if done before metastases活组织检查(huo zu ji jian cha), 活组织切片检查(huo zu ji qie pian jian cha).En bloc resection 清扫术(qing shao shu)Removal of the tumor and a large amount of surrounding tissue including positive lymph nodes淋巴结(lin ba jie) is called an en bloc resection.Palliative treatment缓解治疗(huan jie zhi liao)Gives relief of symptoms, but does not cure and is reserved for advanced malignancy。
肿瘤英语单词
肉瘤：sarcom心包积液：pericardial effusion;hydropericardium恶性：malignancy渗出物：良性：Benign effusion喘： gasp;to pant; breathe heavly播散：dissemination; spreading上腹不适：superior belly malaise; upsetmetastasis转移：盗汗：治疗：therapynight sweats 声音嘶诊断：diagnosis哑：voice; phono-; soundHoarseness临床表现：clinical situation支架：cage;carriage;cradle clinical scale临床分级：进食困难：手术后：post- operationeating difficulty吞咽困难：肿大：tumefaction dysphagia口服：肿胀：tumentia oral良性息肉：hemoptysis咯血：benign polyps癌变：咳痰：expectoration carcinomatous房颤：atrial fibrillation sputum痰：发作：attack痰培养：sputum cultivation鼻饲：nasal feedingBreathlessness气短：嗳气：belch; belching; burping; eructation发热：febrile搔痒：to tickle; to scratch an itch chill; rigor; shiver; chills;寒战：衰弱：weakness shivered; shivering躁动：restlessness胸水：pleural fluid口腔溃疡：③pneumonitiscanker sore; oral ulcer; ulcer of ②pneumonia①炎肺：mouth pulmonitis脱发：obstructive pneumonia阻塞性肺炎：alopecia; loss of hair; baldness 感觉减退：hypoesthesia;hypesthesia dyspnoea; dyspnea呼吸困难：疼痛：ache;Aching;Pain flustered; panicky心慌：pantalgia全身痛：pleural effusion; hydrothorax胸腔积液：乳腺痛：mastalgia低蛋白血症：hypoproteinemia全身水肿：hyposarca胸痛：chest pain消瘦：emaciation; marasmus; ②腹痛：abdominal painabdominalgia marcor;thinness; tabificationnotalgia; dorsodynia; 背痛：backache;贫血：anemiaDorsalgia类白血病反应：leukemoid reaction腰痛：lumbag白血病：胸部压痛：tenderness of chestleukemia白细胞：leucocyte便秘：constipation红细胞：erythrocyte；大便失禁：encopresis; fecal incontinence血小板：blood platelet; thrombocyte;scatacratia血红蛋白：尿潴留：ferrohemoglobinurinary retention白细胞减少：恶心：nausealeucocytopenia; leukopenia血小板减少：呕吐：omitting thrombocytopenia骨髓抑制咖啡样呕吐物：caffee-ground vomit bone marrow depression：淋巴结：呕血：lymph nodehematemesis; Vomiting of blood胸腺：①上消thymusupper ②thymus gland of ：化道出血hemorrhage锁骨上淋巴结：supraclavicular lymph upper tract; gastrointestinal nodes digestive 锁骨下淋巴结：hemorrhage subclavicular lymph node腋窝淋巴结axillary lymph node便血：hematochezia耳后淋巴结：posterior auricular lymph node tarry stools柏油样便：腹股沟淋巴结：diarrhea；；diarrhoea腹泻：diarrheainguinal lymph node;lymph node of groin排尿时里急后重：vesical tenesmus颈淋巴结：cervical lymph node;尿失禁：urinary incontinencejugular lymph node食欲：appetite纵隔：dyscrasia恶液质：mediastina纵隔后淋巴结lassitude倦怠：:posterior mediastinal lymphnodes cachecxia cachexy恶病质：活组织检查；活体解剖：biopsy and intraductal carcinoma of breast乳腺浸润性癌：biopsy IBC;invasive breast cancer淋巴结细针吸活组织检查：fine needle 乳腺囊肿：of lymph node galactocele; lactocele乳腺硬癌：mastoscirrhus淋巴结细针吸引活组织检查：fine needle髓样癌：aspiration biopsy of lymph nodemedullary carcinoma乙型肝炎：burkitt's lymphoma; malignant hepatitis B恶性淋巴瘤：肝硬化：cirrhosis of liver lymphoma肝昏迷：hepatic coma金氏病：malignant杰何前驱期：Hodgkin's prodromal period lymphogranulomatosis;潜伏期：diseaseincubation period; latent period初期：蕈样霉菌病：mycosis fungoides incipient stage静止期：quiescent stage恶性黑色素瘤：malignant melanoma恢复期：convalescent stageconchae;Concha nasalis;鼻甲：碱性磷酸酶：alkaline phosphatasenasoturbinalnasalturbinate;酸性磷酸酶：acid phosphatase concha; turbinate; turbinates谷草conchectomy+鼻甲切除术：转氨酶：glutamic-oxal(o)acetictransaminase病理诊断：pathologic diagnosis谷丙转氨酶：glutamic-pyruvic squamousaaryngeal 癌细鳞喉状胞： transaminase门静脉高压：portal hypertension carcinoma慢性胆囊炎：chronic cholecystitisesophageal cancer食道癌：胆管炎：SCLC;small cell lung cancer小细胞肺癌：cholangitis胆石症：gallstoneNSCLC;non-small cell lung 非小细胞肺癌：胆色素：cancerbile pigments; porphobilin胆囊炎：间皮瘤：cholecystitis mesothelioma胆囊脓肿：胸膜：abscess of gallbladder pleura胆囊囊肿：乳腺癌：；mammary cancer cyst of gallbladderobstructive jaundice梗阻性黄疸：Paget's disease病和导管内癌：Paget乳腺胰腺癌：pancreatic cancer; pancreatic 卵巢：oophoro-;ovario-卵巢的：ovarian carcinoma输卵管：fallopian 胰岛细胞癌：Islet cell carcinoma tube;oviduct;uterine tubeinsulinoma; insuloma胰岛素瘤：附件癌：胰头：head of pancreas adnexal carcinoma 壶腹周围癌：妇产科学:OB-GYN(obstetric-gynaecolog)； Bottle belly around cancer粘膜：obstertrics-gynecolog(abb. OBGyN)mucosa 腹膜：妇科学: gynecology Peritoneum腹膜后：盆腔：pelvic kidney retroperitoneum盆腔肿块：Pelvic lump spleen脾：〔动〕;lien; lineal肛门：anus腹部穿剌术：Abdominal paracentesis降结肠癌：kidney肾：descending colon carcinoma直肠癌：rectal cancer; pimeloma;stone;of 肾结石：calculus kidney; kidneycarcinoma of rectumstone;renal renal nephrolithiasis;大肠癌：calculus前列腺：prostate肾上腺：suprarenal gland; adrenal gland前列腺肥大：prostatic hyperplasia; ; cysr-; cysto-; urocyst膀胱：bladderprostatauxe metra-;metro-子宫：动脉瘤：aneurysm cancer of the womb子宫癌：脑胶质瘤：brain glioma 子宫肌瘤：hysteromyoma; myoma of uterus脑垂体瘤：（子宫内膜癌）子宫体癌：brain pituitary tumourcorpuscarcinoma of皮肤：carcinoma uteri; of skin; strap; leash; cutisendometrium滑膜肉瘤：子宫囊肿：synovial sarcoma cyst of uterus恶性黑色素瘤：ovarian cyst卵巢囊肿：malignant melanoma胃镜：子宫不规则出血：metrorrhagiagastroscope胃溃疡：;子宫镜gastric ulcer; stomach ulcer metroscop子宫镜检查：urinary stone 泌尿道结石：myoma肌瘤：绝经：menopause MRI：磁共振成象PSA: Prostate specific antigen前列腺特异绝经后期：postmenopause抗原绝经后出血：postmenopausal bleeding免疫功能：immunological function雌激素：estrin; estrogen;Estrogens免疫系统：immune systemandrogen雄激素：神经系统： estrogen;Estrogens ）nervous system （雌激素受体：estrin腺癌：adenocarcinoma receptor鳞癌：squamous carcinoma corlutin; 孕酮：progesterone; flavolutan;鳞腺癌：adeno-squamous carcinomafologenon;esterol;gestone;gestormone;g未分化癌：undifferentiated carcinomaestron;lipo-lutin;sistociclina;syngest单纯癌：carcinoma simplex erone;proluton;progestone;progesterol;硬癌：inocarcinomaprogekan;primolut;pregnenedione汗腺癌：香芳化酶抑Sweat gland carcinoma exemestane;制剂：arimedex;印戒细胞癌：signet-ring cell carcinoma fadrozol; vorozole粘液细胞癌：mucilage cell;mucous positive阳性：cellcarcinoma阴性：negative类癌：carcinoid pathologic fracture病理性骨折：甲状腺髓样癌：medullary plaster;gypsumthyroid carcinoma石膏：大肠癌：石膏固定术：large intestine carcinoma plaster immobilization白血病：Leukemia病理诊断：pathologic diagnosis急性淋巴细胞白血病：histopathologic 病理组织学检查：acute lymphoblastic leukemia; ALL examination慢性粒细胞白血病：chronic B-model ultrasound scanningB超：myelocyticleukemia; chronic granulocytic leukemia; 心电图：electrocardiogram;ECGCML; CGL; 超声心动图（echocardiogram骨肉瘤：electrocardiograph 心,心电描记器osteosarcoma;osteogenic sarcomarenal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌：）;电图机分化：differentiation5-Fu：氟尿嘧啶：5-FluorouracilFYL：氟铁龙：免疫功能：immunological function FortulonFI-207：替加氟：Tegafur死亡率：mortalityHCFU：卡莫氟，嘧氟禄：adjuvant chemotherapyCarmofur辅助化疗：IFN新辅助化疗：neoadjuvant chemotherapy：干扰素：InterferonIL-2：白细胞介素-2诱导化疗：induction chemotherapy：Intelukin2MTXRadiation; radiation theraphy; 放射疗法：：氨甲蝶呤：MethotrexatePDN：强的松：Prednisoneradiotherapeutics; radiotherapyTAM：他莫西芬（三苯氧胺）：Tamoxifen生物疗法：biological therapyMA：甲地孕酮：Megestrol acetate;Mebace BRM;biological response 生物反应调节剂：MPA：甲孕酮：Medroxyprogesterone acetate modifier(s);Provera; Veramix;medicinethe 中药疗法：traditional ChineseMIT：米托蒽醌：Mitoxantrone;Noventrone therapyTAX：紫杉醇：Paclitexal瘤苗：：泰素：Taxol外周血干细胞移植：：泰素蒂：Taxotere；Docetaxol；方案：pathologic fractureVCR：长春新碱：Vincristine spontaneous fractureVLB：长春花碱：Vinblastine反应：responseVDS：长春酰胺：side effect副反应：VindesineNVBBLM：博来霉素：：诺维本（去甲长春花碱）：Novelbine BleomycinVP-16：足叶乙甙（依托泊甙）：Pingyangmycin; PYM：平阳霉素：EtoposideVM-26：威猛（替尼泊甙）：Teniposide Bleomycin A5ADM：阿霉素：CisplatinDDP：顺铂：AdriamycinTHPCBP：吡喃阿霉Carboplatin：卡铂：素：THP-adriamycin;Pirarubicin oxaliplatin草酸铂：EPI：表阿霉素：Epirubicin Hydroxycamptothecin：羟基喜树碱：HCPT Mitomycin C ：丝裂霉素：MMC Cyclophosphamide：环磷酰胺：CTX．CSF：集落刺激因子：colony stimulating 全身症状：constitutional(systemic)symptom factor间接症状：indirect symptomcomplication并发症：诱发症状：induced symptom并发病：complicating diseases局部症状：local symptom流行病：epidemic disease精神症状：mental symptom遗传病：inherited disease听诊：auscultationoccupational disease职业病：视诊：inspectioninfectious disease传染病：触诊：palpation叩诊：Percussion chief complaint主诉：谵妄：delirium临床表现：clinical manifestation;哮喘：asthma clinical situation穿孔：perforation history; medical history病史：溃疡：ulceration既往史：past history坏死：necrosis个人史：personal history出汗，大量出汗：diaphoresis; sweating; 分娩史：delivery historyperspiration;月经史：menarche盗汗：night sweat初潮：menarche消瘦：emaciation; marasmus; marcor; menopause; menoschesis;闭经：thinness; tabification amenorrhea; amenia家族史：family history pathogenesis; nosogenesis发病机制：婚姻状况：marital status症状：symptom主要症状：cardinal symptom classical symptom典型症状：concomitant symptom伴发症状：。
肿瘤词汇大全
肿瘤词汇大全(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--好多刚接触肿瘤研究的小伙伴们傻傻的分不清楚cfDNA和ctDNA，搞不明白什么是SNP和SNV，不知道什么是融合基因和易感基因。
不怕不怕，今天小编汇总了一些肿瘤研究领域的常见词汇。
有了这篇肿瘤词汇大全，看文献搞科研妥妥的~1. cfDNA (cell free DNA)cfDNA即血液中游离的自身DNA，这类DNA多是从身体的细胞或者白血球破裂释放出来的，这基本都是无害的，会被自身清理掉。
2. ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA)ctDNA即循环肿瘤DNA，是一种来自肿瘤细胞的游离DNA，存在于血液、滑膜液和脑脊液等体液中。
因为ctDNA和由正常细胞产生的游离DNA碎片是混合在一起的，只占所有游离DNA（cell-free DNA，cfDNA）含量的%-1%之间，因此准确检测出ctDNA的难度相当的大。
3. CTCs (circulating tumor cells)CTCs即循环肿瘤细胞，是从原发肿瘤或转移形成的新肿瘤上掉落，并且进入到患者的外周血循环系统中的恶性肿瘤细胞。
因自发或诊疗操作会从实体肿瘤病灶（原发灶、转移灶）脱落，大部分CTC在进入外周血后发生凋亡或被吞噬，只有少数能够逃逸并锚着发展成为转移灶。
而近年来的大量文献证明，CTC与早期癌症的不良预后相关，涵盖乳腺癌、膀胱癌、头颈癌、睾丸生殖细胞癌与结直肠癌等多种癌症。
4. 体细胞突变 (somatic mutation)体细胞突变是指除生殖细胞外的体细胞所发生的变异，如发生在器官和组织的变异。
这些变异是肿瘤样品所特有的，其并不来源于父母，也不会传递给后代，往往跟肿瘤的发生和发展有着密切关系，是肿瘤研究中的重点，对于揭示肿瘤发生发展机制有着重要作用。
5. 生殖细胞突变生殖细胞突变，是指来源于精子或卵子的细胞的突变，会传递给后代。
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好多刚接触肿瘤研究的小伙伴们傻傻的分不清楚cfDNA和ctDNA，搞不明白什么是SNP 和SNV，不知道什么是融合基因和易感基因。
不怕不怕，今天小编汇总了一些肿瘤研究领域的常见词汇。
有了这篇肿瘤词汇大全，看文献搞科研妥妥的~
1. cfDNA (cell free DNA)
cfDNA即血液中游离的自身DNA，这类DNA多是从身体的细胞或者白血球破裂释放出来的，这基本都是无害的，会被自身清理掉。
2. ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA)
ctDNA即循环肿瘤DNA，是一种来自肿瘤细胞的游离DNA，存在于血液、滑膜液和脑脊液等体液中。
因为ctDNA和由正常细胞产生的游离DNA碎片是混合在一起的，只占所有游离DNA （cell-free DNA，cfDNA）含量的0.1%-1%之间，因此准确检测出ctDNA的难度相当的大。
3. CTCs (circulating tumor cells)
CTCs即循环肿瘤细胞，是从原发肿瘤或转移形成的新肿瘤上掉落，并且进入到患者的外周血循环系统中的恶性肿瘤细胞。
因自发或诊疗操作会从实体肿瘤病灶（原发灶、转移灶）脱落，大部分CTC在进入外周血后发生凋亡或被吞噬，只有少数能够逃逸并锚着发展成为转移灶。
而近年来的大量文献证明，CTC与早期癌症的不良预后相关，涵盖乳腺癌、膀胱癌、头颈癌、睾丸生殖细胞癌与结直肠癌等多种癌症。
4. 体细胞突变(somatic mutation)
体细胞突变是指除生殖细胞外的体细胞所发生的变异，如发生在器官和组织的变异。
这些变异是肿瘤样品所特有的，其并不来源于父母，也不会传递给后代，往往跟肿瘤的发生和发展有着密切关系，是肿瘤研究中的重点，对于揭示肿瘤发生发展机制有着重要作用。
5. 生殖细胞突变
生殖细胞突变，是指来源于精子或卵子的细胞的突变，会传递给后代。
6. SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)
SNP即单核苷酸多态性，是指基因组水平上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的DNA序列多态性。
包括单碱基转换、颠换，以及单碱基的插入/缺失等。
它是基因组中最为广泛存在的一类多态性标记，占大约90%。
这些基因组序列变异可以导致个体间表型的差异以及不同个体对疾病，特别是复杂疾病的易感性和对环境因素、药物反应的差异。
7. SNV (single nucleotide variation)
SNV是基因组上单个碱基发生改变的位点，在基因组上广泛分布。
SNP是指在一个物种中如果该单碱基变异的频率达到一定水平，而SNV是频率未知（比如仅仅在一个个体中发现）。
8. InDel (insertion or a deletion)
InDel是基因组上小片段（＜50bp）的插入或缺失突变。
9. SV
SV即染色体结构变异，是基因组变异的重要组成，其主要突变类型有：插入、缺失、倒位等。
区别于InDel的插入缺失突变形式，SV片段更长，是在染色体层面上的变异。
10. CNV (copy number variant)
CNV即拷贝数目变异，也称拷贝数目多态性(CNP)，是指与参考序列相比，基因组中1 Kb至几Mb的DNA片段的变异，包括插入、缺失、扩增及其相互组合衍生出的复杂染色体结构变异。
CNV在很多物种的基因组中均存在，且分布广泛。
11. LOH (loss of heterozygosity)
LOH是一个染色体事件，能够引起整个基因及其附近的染色体区域的丢失。
如果父本和母本的基因组存在SNPs，那么子代的两个等位基因（一个来源于父本，一个来源于母本）就存在这些SNPs的区域，那么这些区域就是杂合的（heterozygous）。
然而，如果包含这样区域的其中一个亲本的基因拷贝丢失，就会导致这个区域只有一个拷贝，因此这个区域就丢失了杂合性，即LOH。
简而言之，就是某个来源于父本或母本的基因拷贝如果丢失，那么使得具有SNP的区域无法表现出杂合的状态。
12. 融合基因
融合基因是指两个基因的全部或一部分序列相互融合为一个新的基因的过程，是染色体易位、中间缺失或染色体倒置所致的结果，通常具有致瘤性，在各种不同的肿瘤中普遍存在。
基因融合是肿瘤的普遍特征，可促进肿瘤的发生和发展，并可作为肿瘤的分子诊断和治疗靶标。
13. 易感基因
易感基因(Predisposing gene)，在适宜的环境刺激下能够编码遗传性疾病或获得疾病易感性的基因。
14. 驱动基因
肿瘤的发生发展是一个复杂的生物学过程，是许多突变基因共同作用的结果。
其中有些基因起到主要的作用，主导了肿瘤的发生，有利于肿瘤的生长扩散，称之为驱动基因。
驱动基因的检测有利于我们了解肿瘤形成发展的分子机理，为个体化用药治疗提供重要依据。
15. SMG (significantly mutated genes)
SMG即高频突变基因，是指突变频率显著高于背景突变频率（Background mutationrate，BMR）的基因，对肿瘤的发生和发展具有重要作用，在分析的过程中会综合考虑体细胞SNP/InDel的突变情况。
16. 高频突变基因互斥和协同性分析
肿瘤的发生是多种不同功能基因协同突变作用的结果。
虽然基因突变的发生具有很强的随机性，但经过克隆进化后最终发生肿瘤时，保留下来的突变基因组合应具有一定的协同作用。
同时，在不同亚克隆的特异突变基因具有一定的互斥作用。
通过突变基因互斥和协同性分析，我们可以分辨出协同性的突变基因及互斥性的突变基因。
基因的协同互斥性分析能够帮助识别肿瘤亚克隆特异性的突变基因，还可以帮助定义肿瘤亚型，并且能够揭示相似肿瘤
产生的重要功能性体细胞突变，为定位驱动基因提供重要参考。
17. 肿瘤纯度和倍性分析
肿瘤样本中癌细胞总是混合一定未知比例的正常细胞，我们称肿瘤样本中癌细胞所占的比例为肿瘤纯度（Tumor purity），称由染色体结构和数目异常导致的肿瘤样本中癌细胞的真正含量为倍性（Tumor ploidy）。
估计肿瘤的纯度和倍性有利于癌症基因组进化和肿瘤内的异质性研究。
18. 肿瘤异质性/克隆结构分析
肿瘤异质性/克隆结构分析：肿瘤的异质性是指肿瘤组织内部不同的肿瘤细胞或者亚群中体细胞突变不完全相同，而克隆结构分析有利于揭示肿瘤组织的异质性。
肿瘤异质性和克隆结构与肿瘤的发展、进化、侵袭转移、复发预后以及药物反应等密切相关。
因此从高通量测序数据中破译肿瘤组织细胞中存在的有作用的驱动突变有利于未来的肿瘤药物研发和精准治疗。