《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)

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英语词汇学论文---构词的缩略法

英语词汇学论文---构词的缩略法

构词的缩略法引言:在英语词汇学中,缩略法(abbreviation或shortening)是把词的音节省略或简化而产生新词的构词方法。

用这种构词法产生的单词有于结构简单、释义清楚、使用方便,已经成为现代英语重要的构词方法之一。

通过缩词法可以有效的帮助学生学习和记忆英语单词,因为各个语言都有简化的存在,运用缩略法构成的一个新词取代原来许多的词,使表达更加趋向简洁。

而在英语构词法的缩略法当中,有截短词、首字母缩略词、首字母拼音词和拼缀词。

本文对这些类型的缩略词将进行简单的解释。

关键词:截除首字母拼缀缩略法简要概括:不增减意义, 也不改变词义, 把词的音节加以省略或简化而产生的词统称为缩略词, 这种构词法称为缩略法。

随着社会的发展, 生活节奏的加快, 无论是讲话还是写文章都要求节省时间和篇幅, 缩略法正顺应了英语这种逐渐简化的趋势。

缩略法不是创造新词, 而是将原词缩短, 或将原来固定词组、复合词简略缩写而成缩略词。

英语中缩略词形式繁多, 如:cig (cigarette) , phone (telephone) , fridge (refrigerator) , daily (daily paper) 等等。

是将一个较长的词或短语缩短, 截去原来单词的一部分而使用剩下的部分构成的新词。

VOA (Voice of America) , IOC (International Olympic Committee) ,TV (Television) , ID (Identification card) 等等, 是运用首字母拼音法将社会组织、政治组织或特殊名词短语以及技术术语的名称的首字母结合起来构成的新词。

一、截短词截短词是截除原词的某一(或某些)音节或“截头去尾”的方法产生新词的构词方法。

在这其中,分为截除词尾、截除词首、截除首尾和截除词腰。

大约自18世纪, 英语中出现了截短词, 如笛福在《鲁滨逊漂流记》中用了though的截短形式。

Lexicology and My English Study 英语词汇学论文

Lexicology and My English Study  英语词汇学论文

Lexicology and My English StudyI. What Is Lexicology?The term lexicology was borrowed from the French word lexicology, which contains two morphemes: one is Greek lexicology, meaning ‘workbook’ or ‘vocabulary;’ the other is French logie, meaning ‘the study or science of.’ So the literal meaning of the term is ‘the science of words.’The term first appeared in the 1820s, though there were lexicologists in essence before the term was coined. Computational lexicology as a related field (in the same way that computational linguistics is related to linguistics) deals with the computational study of dictionaries and their contents. An allied science to lexicology is lexicography, which also studies words in relation with dictionaries – it is actually concerned with the inclusion of words in dictionaries and from that perspective with the whole lexicon. Therefore lexicography is the theory and practice of composing dictionaries. Sometimes lexicography is considered to be a part or a branch of lexicology, but the two disciplines should not be mistaken: only lexicologists who do write dictionaries are lexicographers. It is said that lexicography is the practical lexicology; it is practically oriented though it has its own theory, while the pure lexicology is mainly theoretical.Comprehensively speaking, lexicology is the branch of linguisticsconcerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words.Ⅱ. Aims and Significance of LexicologyThe aim of the term lexicology is to give a systematic description of the English vocabulary. Concretely speaking, English lexicology offers students an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary. It deals with meanings of Modern English words and their changes in the course of historical development. It discusses the problems of word-structure and word-formation in English, including the formation of new words which have appeared since the 1960s. It also it also studies the use of English words, phrases and idioms.The significance of lexicology for language learning is also evident. The term will help the learners to enlarge their vocabulary and improve their ability to analyze and use English words. For instance, the study of new words, synonyms, figures of speech, etc. will arouse the interest of the learners on the one hand, and enhance their ability to choose the correct and expressive words in writing and speech on the other hand.Language learning requires practice. Practice makes perfect. Without practice there would be no theory. English lexicology as a theory of Modern English may be useful in vocabulary study because it derivesfrom practice and should guide practice. Students will use the basic knowledge of English lexicology to understand the material already familiar to them from English classes, and apply it in their further study of English.Ⅲ. Language, Linguistics and LexicologyBriefly speaking, lexicology deals with words. Words are the foundation and core of language. We know that without words, there would be no language, while without language, there would be no linguistics. Therefore, words, that is, lexicology, language and linguistics are very closely interrelated with one another. Before studying lexicology, we should learn about what language is and what linguistics is.Ⅳ. The Connection of Lexicology with phonetics and grammar and stylistics1) With phonetics:Phonetics is the study and systematic classification of the sounds made in spoken utterance, that is, the study of speech sounds. It is closely related to lexicology.Without sound there is no word because every word is unity of sound and meaning.2) With grammar:V ocabulary and grammar are organically related to one another. In learning a language, attention to grammar is as important as attention tovocabulary. Joseph Stalin pointed out that the vocabulary is the building material of a language. The vocabulary of a language assumes tremendous importance when it comes under the control of grammar, which is concerned with the modification in front of words and the combination of words into sentences.3) With stylistics:Stylistics is “the study of optional variations in the sounds, forms, or vocabulary of a language as characteristic of different uses of language, different situations of use, or different literary typ es.” Lexicology studies stylistics variants on the basis of meanings of words and their changes: synonyms, antonyms, figures of speech, etc.Stylistics is concerned with language variety differing according to use rather than user. The same user may use different varieties for different purposes, different situations, in conversation with different people, to produce different effects. The same subject matter can be expressed in different styles.Ⅴ. Two Approaches of the study of LexicologyThere are two main approaches to the study of lexicology, that is, synchronic and diachronic.The term synchronic means describing a language as it exists at one point of time. The term diachronic means concerned with historical development of a language.A synchronic approach is an approach to the study of a language at one period of time, whereas a diachronic approach is an approach to the study of the change in a language that took place over a period of time. Ⅵ. The Division of the History of the EnglishThe history of the English language is divided into three periods.1) The period from 450 to 1150 is known as the Old English or Anglo-Saxon period. It is described as the period of full inflections, since during most of this period the case endings of the noun, the adjective, and the conjugation of the verb were not weakened.2) The period from 1150 to 1500 is known as the Middle English period. During this period the inflections, which had begun to break down towards the end of the Old English period, became greatly reduced, and it is known as the period of the leveled inflections.3) The period from 1500 to the present day is called the Modern English period. A large part of the original inflectional system has disappeared, and it is known as the period of lost inflections.Ⅶ. The Main Processes of English Word-formationThere are four main types of word-formation in English:1) Prefixation:Affixation includes prefixation and suffixation. Affixation is the morphological process whereby grammatical or lexical information is added to the base.Affixation has played an active part in the course of the development of the English language. It is not only an age-old, but also a productive method in English word-building.What is prefixation?Prefixation is a main type of word-formation putting a prefix in front of the base, sometimes with, but more usually without a change of word class, e.g. dislike (dis + like).2) Suffixation:Suffixation is a main type of word-formation, putting a suffix after the base, sometimes without, but more usually with a change of word class, e.g. frankness (frank + ness)The primary function of prefixes is to effect a semantic modification of the base, and the chief function of suffixes is to change the word class of the base, although suffixes have only a small semantic role. Therefore suffixes may be classified into four categories according to the word class.3) Conversion:Conversion (or full conversion) is a main type of word-formation assigning the base to a different word class with no change of form. For example, the verb release is converted to the noun release.In the English language conversion is unusually prominent as a word-formation process. Of course, conversion, like other main types ofword-formation, is treat as a process now available for extending the lexical resources of the English language.There are two kinds of conversion: full conversion and partial conversion.4) Compounding:Compounding is a main type of word-formation adding one base to another, such that usually the one placed in front in some sense subcategorizes the one that follows, e.g. blackbird, etc.Compounding can occur not only in the three major word classes, nouns and, to lesser extent, adjectives, and, to least extent, verbs but also in other word classes: prepositions, such as into, within, by means of, instead of, etc. pronouns, such as each other, one another, anybody, someone, herself, itself, etc. and adverbs, such as headlong, somehow, somewhere, upside down, inside out, etc.A compound is a lexical until consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Compounds usually comprise two bases only, however internally complex each may be.Ⅷ. English IdiomsIdioms are very important and extremely interesting part of language. They are commonly used in all styles of language: informal and formal, spoken and written. If we can understand and use idioms correctly, ourlanguage skills increase constantly. One important problem our students have with idioms is how we understand them in our daily study.The best way to understand an idiom is to see it in context. Let us give an example below.If someone says: This ti n opener’s driving me round the bend! I think I’ll throw it away and get a new one. Then the context and common sense tells us that drive round the bend refers to something different from driving a car round a curve in the road. So the context points out that the tin opener is not working properly and that it’s having an effect on the person using it.Drive or send sb. round the bend is an idiom used as an informal style meaning ‘to make someone very bored or very angry.’Ⅸ. British and American EnglishGrammatical differences between British and American English are few. The more noticeable differences are phonetic and especially lexical. It does not seem likely that distinctions between British English and American English will become more extensive. On the contrary, as the modes of communication have improved, the tendency is towards uniformity and better understanding between the people of the two countries.But why does American English differ from British English?There are two reasons for this.Firstly, British English itself changed in the course of time. All languages change as time passes. English is no exception. That is why Chaucer’s English is different from Shakespeare’s English, and why Shakespeare’s English is different from contemporary Engli sh.Take the following English word borrowed from Latin and Greek for example.Such words as apparatus, complex, focus, maximum, minimum, series, etc. appeared in English only after the year 1600.In the past fifty years British English has adopted a great number of words that originated in American English.Words like cafeteria, highlight, hotrod, OK, etc. are example.Secondly, American English has acquired a character of its own. It reflects the growth, development and history of American society.In the earliest period a number of words denoting places, plants, animals, tools, and customs which existed in America were added to the English language, e.g.Hickory—a type of tree of North America which provides hard wood and bears nuts.Moose—a type of large deer, with very large flat horns, that lives in the northern pert of America.The above-mentioned words belong to American English and were borrowed from American Indian languages.After the American Independence a number of words related to institutions appeared, e.g. assembly, congress, president, representative, vice-president, etc.Strictly speaking, British English is the English spoken by the great majority of educated people in South and Southeast England, especially in London and its vicinity. BrE or BE is shot for British English. American English is General American spoken by the great majority of the American people. AmE or AE is short for American English.References:I.Chengzhang Lin﹠Shiping Liu An Introduction To EnglishLexicology, WuHan University Press FourthII.Wikipedia。

英语词汇学教程第四版中文版

英语词汇学教程第四版中文版

英语词汇学教程第四版中文版1、Most cities in the country have introduced “Clean Air Zones”whereby factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.在全国大部分城市都有“洁净空气区”因此工厂和家庭只能燃烧无烟燃料。

2、He knows that the pursuit of social status can consume vast amounts of his time and effort. 他知道,追求社会地位可以消耗大量的时间和精力。

3、The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to inhibit the spread of the disease.医生们正在进行损失,因为到目前为止,没有任何药物能抑制疾病的传播。

4、We see many special education directors trying to maintain the qualityof their programs with much less money and much smaller staff.我们看到许多特殊教育董事试图保持他们的节目的质量以少得多的钱和更少的工作人员。

5、People there are told it is their patriotic duty to support the na t ional cconomy by buying their own products. 人们有人告诉他们,通过购买自己的产品来支持国民经济是他们的爱国义务。

6、Darwin' s thinking both drew upon and transcendedthe conventional ideas of his time.达尔文的思想是借鉴和超越他的时代的传统观念。

英语词汇学论文-构词法

英语词汇学论文-构词法

Abstract词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。

然而,英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语,同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量,英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”,在所有的英语构词法中,词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛,它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。

除了词缀发以外,复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径V ocabulary is one of the main obstacles of English study. However English word formation can help us recognize English words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them,affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary, and it is claimed to be one of the best ways of learning English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronyms, back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English. In the paper the ways and characteristics of word formation is analyzed form these aspects: affixation, compounding, conversion, blending.Key words: English, lexicology, word formation, affixation(关键字:英语、词汇学,构词法,词缀法)IntroductionThe expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word formation patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the word have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore rules only provide a constant set of models from which new word are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. In my opinion, the most important principle for all these rules of word formation is economy.Chapter 1 the function of English word formation1.1 Word formation is an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary.Nowadays, more and more people have taken notice of learning English. The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed. How can we improve our English effectively is undoubtedly the focus of our attention. Generally speaking, vocabulary and grammatical rules are keys to learning Englishwell. Among the two aspects, vocabulary apparently plays a more important role.V ocabulary is the foundation of language. If a language learner doesn‟t have enough vocabulary to express his or her opinions and understand other people, even if his or her grammatical rules and pronunciations are excellent, but he can not communicate with others well, he shouldn‟t be a good language learner.Under the influence of traditional teaching mode, teachers often emphasis more on grammatical rules and pronunciations than vocabulary. As a result, students spend a lot of time on remembering new words, but the results are not so efficient. However if we have a knowledge of English word formation, the results will be not that bad. Word formation is really an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary.1.2 Word formation can help us have a better comprehension of an article.When we are reading a new article, we often encounter with some new words that we have never seen before. In this case, most of us will leave out the new word and go on with the following sections. However, this is not a good habit. If we want to improve our English, we have to take every new word seriously either look them up in the dictionary or search for the internet. But don‟t you think that these methods are inefficient? If we know something about English word formation, maybe the article would not be so difficult for us to understand. In this way, we can guess the meaning of the new word according to what we have learned about English word formation. It has been proved that our guess is correct in most cases. So we say word formation can help us have a better comprehension of a new article.1.3 Many new words can be derived based on the rules of word formationRecent years, the use of computers as a medium of communication has given birth to a new language phenomenon-cyber language. A large amount of cyber language has sprung up. Not all the new vocabulary can be recognized by human society. Some new words only emerged in a very short time and then disappeared, however, there are still a lot of words are shared by many people. Finally, these words are recognized by the whole human society. Some are even added to the reversed dictionary. Can we say that these words are unreasonable and irrational? The answer is absolutely “No”.Most of the new words that have been recognized are derived based on certain rules of word formation. For example, the sentence “3QU” is widely used in the chatting room on the internet by foreigners. This is also known as one important characteristics of English word-productivity. So it is necessary for us to learn English word formation.Chapter 2 AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words derived from old or base forms. The words that are created in this way arecalled derivatives. According to the position affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into three subcategories: pre-fixation, in-fixation and suffixation.Pre-fixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases, which do not generally change the word-class of the base. That is to say, prefixes do not change the part of speech of a word. Their chief function is to modify its meaning, although there are exceptions. In my opinion, prefixes can be divided into: negative prefixes, pejorative prefixes, prefixes of degree or size, prefixes of time and order, and so on.Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. Their primary function is to change the grammatical function of the base, such as the change of the word class with a slight modification of meaning, though there are a few exceptions. Suffixes can be divided into noun suffixes, adjective suffixes, adverb suffixes, and verb suffixes. I can give you an example. The word “countless”, “-less”change the part of form and show the negative meaning of the stem.Infixes are not so common and they usually show a kind attitude of the speaker and will not change the part of form and meaning of words.Chapter 3 CompoundingCompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases. Words formed in this way are called compounds. So a compound is a …lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word‟ (Quirk).Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open. Compounds have remarkable characteristics which are different from noun phrases. It comes down to three major ones:1) Phonological features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first constituent whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally accented if there is only one stress. In cases where there are two stresses, the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the second stress, if any, on the second, whereas the opposite is true of free phrase.2) Semantic features. Compounds differ from free phrases semantically. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. The meaning of a free phrase can not be inferred from the two components of itself. Nevertheless, a lot of compound are transparent, that is to say, the meaning can be obtained from the separate elements of compounds. But the two elements are inseparable and the change of the element would result in the loss of the original identity.3) Grammatical features. Two elements of a compound each plays a separate grammatical role, which can be seen in the way the expressions are handled morphological. For example, compound nouns often show their plural forms by taking inflectional –s at the end. Though there are exceptions, their …one-wordness‟identity is apparent.Chapter 4 ConversionIn English learning, students will often confused with words which have two or more part of form. Many of such conditions are caused by conversion. Conversion is the formation of mew words by converting words of one part of speech to those of another part of speech, without changes in morphological structures but in function. Words created in this way are new only in a grammatical sense. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives and verbs. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs. It deserves nothing that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the item involved but with it the different range of meaning is originally carried.Chapter 5 BlendingBlending is a very productive process and many coinages are resulting from blending have become well established. Moreover, they can sever as models for new formation. It is not the Combination of two words directly, but to combine parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. This kind of word formation is called blending. This processes including:The first part of the first word +the last part the second word.The whole part of the first part +the last part the second word.The first part of the first word +the first part the second word.The whole part of the second word + the first part of the first word.The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns; very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and newspapers and magazines. Though many of them have already achieved currency in English, they are still considered by the serious-minded peopleto be slang and informal. However, it is advisable not to use such words too often, particularly in formal writing.ConclusionLanguage develops with the development of society and vocabulary is sensitive to the changes of society. Some old words are abandoned and some new ones are created. Most of the new words in English are created according to certain rules and conformed to certain methods. These rules and methods are closely related to English word formation. So it is essential, as well as important, for us to learn word formation, especially for the students of English major.参考文献(5条):外语语言文学系列教程张维友英语词汇学教程2009学术论文魏红构词法是迅速扩大英语词汇量的有效方法2009期刊论文丁琳徐玲English word formation processes 2009期刊论文张莉浅谈英语构词法中的词缀发2008广州大学学报卢春媚浅谈英语构词法2002。

英语词汇学的论文怎么写[共5篇]

英语词汇学的论文怎么写[共5篇]

英语词汇学的论文怎么写[共5篇]第一篇:英语词汇学的论文怎么写英语词汇学的论文怎么写?英语词汇学习在英语词汇学习过程中,学习者要遵循第二语言习得的规律,掌握并灵活运用多种词汇学习策略。

可分为词汇表策略、语境策略、精加工策略、语义场策略。

一.词汇表策略(Word list strategy)词汇表策略一般为:一列是按字母顺序排列的英语单词,另一列是这些单词的汉语意思(等值词、同义词或近义词)。

有些学者认为,通过词汇表策略能够迅速且有效地学会大量的词汇。

然而,Gaims 和Redman 却指出,通过词汇表记忆词汇会阻碍对所记词汇进行充分地处理和系统地组织,因此就失去了有效的长时记忆的基础。

语言大师桂诗春教授也认为,词汇表策略既费时又费力,徒劳无功,因为这种做法不仅把外语的词语和母语的词语等同起来,而且把它从语言和语境中孤立出来。

二.语境策略(Context strategy)语境策略就是学习者通过上下文语言环境所提供的信息对出现在语境中的生词进行猜测,从而习得这个单词。

语境策略是目前比较流行的词汇学习策略之一,它不仅仅可以扩大词汇量,而且可以让学生了解有关目的语的文化知识。

但是,Channell(Carter &McCarthy ,1988:89)认为,音节认知和重音认知对学习者理解词汇起着非常重要的作用。

为了更好地理解词汇,学习新单词的方法应使学习者准确地内化和吸收新单词:即学会单个音标的发音、了解音节数、掌握重音位置。

从这一方面来看,运用语境策略学习词汇不能算是一个很好的方法。

三.精加工策略(Elaborative strategy)精加工策略是指通过对学习材料进行深入细致的分析、加工,理解其内在的深层意义并促进记忆的一种策略。

皮连生(1998)在《学与教的心理学》一书中也曾提到:“精细加工策略”(同“精加工策略”)指对学习材料作精细的加工活动,即通过在要记忆的材料上增加相关的信息来达到对新的材料记忆的学习方法。

英语词汇学课程论文

英语词汇学课程论文

英语词汇学课程论文题目:网络英语的词汇类型及其特点院系:辽宁大学外国语学院英语国际商务系班级:09级01班学号:290811507姓名:金文Abstract: With the development and popularity of Internet, English thereupon develops and changes as main language in Internet. New vocabulary of English on Internet has a new vocabulary which either describes the new things, or the newly formed abbreviation for easy inputting, or the common symbolic language of the world. New vocabulary of the English has the character of easy- to- understand, vivid and proper, succinct and easy to remember the meaning of a word and swift input. It also has certainmetaphor nature. The semantics of the English neologisms of network appears and upgrades fast and in large quantity.Keywords: Internet; English; V ocabulary; CharacteristicBody:In twenty-first Century, the mankind has entered the era of the Internet network, as the economic, social development of the most powerful agents, to promote human. The society enters a new era. The development of society, the progress of language development is the important soil. With the development and popularity of Internet, Englishas the main language in Internet thereupon develops and changes.I. New vocabulary of English on InternetSince the Internet has been generated, about generate more than1000English new words. The lexicons mainly has the following kinds. 一.Describing the new thing new vocabulary.Taking the information technology as the representative of a series of new technologies, human social life appeared a few new things. These new things and computer technology are inseparable, describe these things new vocabulary in the network produces and began to be widely used, such as knowbot, mailbot, infobahn, coopetition, E- mail, infwindow, Internet, internet, download, netspead and so on. These new vocabulary is a portmanteau word, such as interpedia, Telnet and so on. There are compound words, such as multimedia, homepage, componentware and so on. In the new course of old words, sometimes directly was given a new meaning, its meaning has been further development, it becomes the new words in a large class. For example “mouse” translate to “老鼠”,in computer technology says “鼠标”;“flame”translate to “火焰激情”,in computer technology says“反病毒程序”.二.AbbreviationsThe Internet to narrow the distance between people, and also the main way to communicate with the main text. In the Internet chat or send e-mail, in order to speed up typing speed appeareding a lot of new English abbreviations and non-standard spelling. Internet abbreviations is a major formation means, they have made use of the characteristics of simplicity, simple, has the very strong vitality. Abbreviation sentence is generally used for connecting role phrases, even if the initial network of people do not understand its meaning, will not understand each other's intentions affect too much. These abbreviations are usually soon accepted by the majority of Internet users. These words abbreviated method basically has the following kinds:1. Homophone use abbreviationsThe English emphasize shape, Chinese emphasize meaning, and the Internet words emphasize pronunciation. According to the pronunciation of the words or sentences to simplify the rewritten as Internet language characteristic there a new method to spell a word: for example “IC” means “I see”, “Y” means “Why”, “U” means “You”. There is a phrase to describe only according to pronunciation, which no longer has one one corresponding to the substitution alphabet. For example, ICQ ( I seek you ) seek K and you note together with pronunciation the same letter Q instead of.2. The beginning letter abbreviationThe beginning letter abbreviation use the first letter of each word ( usually capitalized ) are combined to replace the phrases or sentences, is the most common internet language, also the one that most early Internet users understand. Among them, also have a letter on behalf of the entire word, there is also a letter represents partial word abbreviations. For example, IOW( In other words) , LOL( Laughing out loud) , BTW( By the way) , TLA( Thanks in advance) , ASL( Age Sex Location).3. Truncated abbreviationIn order to facilitate the importation, users are sometimes truncated suffix, prefix or remove the vowels, write some new words. Section termination: hang on a sec=hang on a second, rep=reputation.Some words even as only the first letter:P=Pardon、G=Grin or Giggle.Section header: cause(or cuz) =because、m=am. To remove the vowels refers to words of vowels, consonants, retaining only the pronunciation of the prominent appearance marked the letters. For example, “ MSG” means MESSAGE“、PLS” means PLEASE“、PPL” means PEOPLE“、THX” means THANKS.4. Borrow digit abbreviationInternet English is a special abbreviated forms, namely digital alternative to repeated letters or homophones numbers instead of a letter, it can becalled a numeral abbreviation. This is a development of abbreviations, and Internet English new things. For example, B2B(商家与商家, Business to business)、3W(万维网,World Wide Web)、4P's(4p 营销策略, 电子商务中的一种营销术语, 指consumer's wants and needs, costto satisfy wants and needs, convenience, communication) 、3A( 3A 服务,anyone, anytime, anywhere).三.Universal symbol languageWith the development of Internet, also generates some features of English hieroglyphic words:“ {}”means “拥抱“, “$- )” means “贪婪”,“ X=”means “希望成功“, XOXO”means”拥抱和亲吻“, ZZZ”means ”无聊或在睡觉”.As in Hotmail, Internet users to type in a left parenthesis, a specific letter and a right parenthesis, there will be unexpected image effect. For example, type" ( R )", there will be a rose ( because R is rose. ); type " ( G )", then there will be a gift box ( because G is gift. ). Japanese also created some of these words, and on the Internet has been recognized, as in the use of"@^- ^@" said blushed. These words and phrases first in English in the network appears, has gradually been accepted by users, has become a kind of special no pronunciation symbols, vividly expressed the people's thought. Of course, the letters and letter combinations expression power is very limited, and the different chat room setting, therefore, here is notto do further discussion. It can be expected with the development of the network, is very likely there will be unified alphabet emoticons.II. The characteristics of Internet English new wordsLanguage dynamic development process of people to meet the communicative needs, but also reflects the society and language, cognition and communication relationship. Network English is in the rapid development of network technology and social context of increasingly rich, develop gradually rise, and embodies the media popularization and the progress of science and technology. Network English is the product of net culture, with the rule of development of the language. Internet words semantic has vivid characteristics of practice, in the network communication can better express one's thoughts or ideas, but also is easy to be accepted by people.一.Word easy to understand, vividNetwork communication is different from face-to-face communication, communicators exchange information only with words, not with the help of body language, this requires the network English new words must be easy to understand. Its formation should be familiar, even if the reader has not been previously in contact vocabulary, can also according to the most familiar vocabulary guess. Network English popular mainly reflectin the word-building ways to use a large number of derivatives and synthesis, so that Internet users need to understand the meaning of the affix, can be inferred and master derived from the large number of new words: “cyber” comes from the Greek, meaning the helmsman, can be understood as " computer, network" or transliterated as " cyber", derived from cyber. The word cyber activist, cyber addict, cyber attack, cyber cop, cyber brain, cyber surfing etc. Network English compound words in large quantity, variety. Many new words are common words and has specific meaning word combinations, the newsemantic equally easy to understand, easy to understand memory. As of web means " spider's Web", extended to the network, its synthesis in the word webmaster, webster, webzine, web site work people in addition to the use of some language symbols to represent tone and emotion, but also often use a few words to describe some nonverbal behavior, such as describing the netizen action, emotion and posture. People are facing the cold screen, used to describe the language users, emotion and action figure, with pure text there is nothing comparable to this role, can make the network more humane, more vivid and attractive, closer to the actual exchange. Such as" haha" means" LOL" laugh, laugh" Smile said," said smiling," Rose" means send roses," ROTFL" means roll with laughter," jump" means happy like children like skipping in the chat room," think" means tilted his head like a down" praise said," said" really smart, admire, admire".二.Succinct and easy to remember, quick inputMany novel and unique internet vocabulary is the use of commonly used roots and affixes, grouped by lexical rules, creative recombination. This kind of vocabulary has to be Yi Ming, easy reading, easy memory characteristics. Simple, easy to remember network English so that visitors will not remembering the tedious terms and jargon, effectively improve the keyboard input speed, to network dissemination of information. Network English brevity mainly embodies in the network on the emergence of abbreviated terms, abbreviations are made by simplicity, ease of use, more colloquial, less formal, lack of social other fields widely accepted rules of use. But because of its user-friendly, simple, easy to remember and spread, therefore, this kind of abbreviation in Internet communication by Internet users consistent recognition and widely accepted and used. These words common features are simple in form, with no single, rich associative meaning.The use of abbreviations can not only simplify the printing, saving space and time for reading, but also can effectively increase the input speed, so as to adapt to the computer science and network technology high speed development requirements. Therefore, in order to improve the input speed, network English often ignore the first letters.三.MetaphoricalMetaphor is an important cognitive style and mode of thinking. Richards ( Richards ) once said, metaphor is omnipresent principle. P.F'ontanier (1830) for the metaphor cognitive characteristics further elaborated, he points out that metaphor is a kind of thing as another kind of thing.Any kind of art form embodies the features of metaphors, either as a thing to experience another kind of the way things are called metaphor, network language which contains. Net language the main formation is in a category to another.A category of things, either the digital category digital network language, network language or symbols category symbols and netizen created the network language reflects its metaphorical, embodies the netizen know world usually cognitive form.Network new words often rely on people familiar vocabulary, with the aid of the metaphorical meaning, stimulate the readers' Association and imagination, showing old things or concepts similarity or relevance, endowing the old words with new meanings, to create the vivid, figurative rich description of new things, new ideas of vocabulary. The network includes a number of professional English vocabulary and vocabulary of computer network technology. In general, the metaphor cognition in humans has two functions: to create new meaning and offer new angles of viewing things. We found that, in the development ofnetwork and computer technology in the process, people continuously by means of metaphor to create new words and concepts. The general vocabulary through the semantic change of metaphor and the modification of the original meaning, extended, extension, from a new point of view to look at it, it has a new meaning. Such as the computer virus virus refers to the biology of the virus. In the computer field, is defined by the programmer designed to hide in a computer program, intended to destroy the computer operating system to disturbance or missing data and other secret program. Similar terms and gopher, archive, menu, memory, run, path etc.Thus, in the role of metaphor, reification of abstract concepts, complex meaning of scientific terminology, popular, well strengthen social science and science communication, so that a subject from another discipline of inspiration. It is because of known from concept to cognitive unknown concepts from the known to the unknown, register register mapping, network English technical terms and people's daily life vocabulary, both concise and vivid, and easy to remember. This has largely contributed to the development of network technology and the development and popularization of computer knowledge.四.Novel words in the semantic representation and update speed, numberThe rapid development of computer, the popularization of the Internet, resulted in a network of new words have emerged, including a rich network of English new words. The presentation of the new words and update speed, number of any one dictionary is difficult to collect. So in the network era of rapid development of new English words so, understanding of its structure and semantic features, contribute to the accumulation of knowledge, broaden our horizons.Nowadays, network culture influences people's learning, life, job, thinking mode, value concept. Therefore, to strengthen the network of new words in English study, the structure and semantic features, the people familiar with the Internet, learning English and daily life will be of great help.Biliography:[1]Gao Liwei ,Digital age, digital English [J]. English Today 2001(17):12-13[2]Steward ,Doug. Flame thrower [A].[3] W.H.&Turgeon Gregoire . About languages: A Reader for Writers[C][4] 付辛斌,张雪梅.英语因特网语的形式与功能[J].外语电化教学,2006(2).[5] 杨金菊.网络英语词汇特点初探[J].嘉兴学院学报,2002(3).[6] 乐勇.网络英语缩略语[J].中国科技翻译,2002(1).[7] 干福.论因特网英语的特点及意义[J].连云港师范高等专科学校学报,2001(2).[8] 林丽芳.论计算机英语的隐喻性[J].厦门大学学报: 社科版,2001(1).。

英语词汇学教程第四版第二单元中文

英语词汇学教程第四版第二单元中文

英语词汇学教程第四版第二单元中文《英语词汇学教程第四版》第二单元为我们介绍了词根、前缀和后缀的知识。

这些知识对于我们学习英语词汇具有重要的指导意义。

下面我们将全面地探讨这些知识,并给出一些学习建议。

首先,词根是构成英语词汇的基本单位,它能帮助我们理解单词的含义。

比如,"dict"这个词根表示"说",它可以在很多单词中找到,比如"dictate"(命令)、"dictionary"(字典)。

通过了解词根的含义,我们可以更好地猜测出未知单词的含义。

其次,前缀是附加在词根前面的字母或字母组合,它可以改变单词的意义。

例如,"un-"这个前缀表示"不",当我们在"happy"(快乐的)前加上"un-",变成"unhappy"(不快乐的),意思就完全相反了。

熟悉一些常见的前缀,可以帮助我们更好地理解单词,并且能够更准确地运用这些词汇。

最后,后缀是附加在词根后面的字母或字母组合,它也能改变单词的含义。

例如,"-ly"这个后缀表示"以...方式",当我们在"happy"(快乐的)后加上"-ly",变成"happily"(快乐地),就表示以快乐的方式。

掌握一些常见的后缀,可以使我们的表达更加丰富,让我们的写作更具魅力。

在学习词根、前缀和后缀时,我们可以采用一些有效的方法。

首先,我们可以通过阅读来积累词汇。

在阅读中,我们可以不断地遇到、学习和记忆新的词根、前缀和后缀。

同时,我们也可以结合看电影、听音乐等娱乐活动,通过上下文来理解和记忆这些词汇。

其次,我们可以利用词根、前缀和后缀来记忆单词。

比如,当我们学习新的单词时,可以将其和已知的词根、前缀和后缀进行联系。

《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)

《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)

《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)篇一:词汇学中文版第一章词汇与词汇学的基本概念词汇学学习之初,有必要去澄清一些关于词和词汇的基本概念。

词语word是一个难以捉摸的概念,需要在开始就认真关注。

发音和意义之间的关系,声音和形式之间的关系,词语和词汇之间的关系。

另外,我们将注意一些关于词汇分类的共识的规则,并且在本章一定程度上研究每类词语。

1.1一个词是什么?词语是什么?多年来已经引起了语言学家的关注。

争议较大。

尽管已经提出了很多的定义,没有一个是最好的。

学者们仍然没有在词语的定义上达成一致。

当我们谈起一个词语,我们倾向于根据视觉条件来思考。

在这个角度,一个词可以被定义为平印在或者写在纸上的字母的有意义的集合。

当根据口语定义的时候,词被看成是一个发音或发音的集合,是由人的发音器官自由的发出的。

根据语义学家的意见,一个词是一个意义单位。

语法学家,则认为一个词是在句中起作用的自由形式。

等等。

总结起来,词语的定义包含以下几点:(1)一个最小的自由形态(2)一个发音的集合体(3)一个意义单位(4)能独自影响句子的形式因此,我们能说“词语是语言最小的自由形式,拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。

”词语可以是简单词或者合成词,然而全部必须服从这些标准。

Man 和fine是简单词,但是他们都有读音,意义和句法意义。

每个都能单独出现在句子中。

自然他们都是词。

也有像是misfortune和management 这样的复合词,他们都是多音节词,可以用来作主语,宾语和预示性词语。

尽管misfortune可以被进一步分为mis和fortune,前者不能作为词单独使用。

相似的,management可以被分成manage和ment,但是后者不能自由使用。

Blackmail能被分为black和mail,而且都能作为独立的句子单位使用,然而词的意思绝对不是两个部分的组合。

Black是颜色,针对white,mail指示“被邮局运送的东西”,然而当它们放在一起,组合形式意味着“强迫,利用不光彩的秘密要人送钱或行动作为答复。

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英语词汇学论文(中文版)
单词记忆法细谈
一,读音规则记忆法
它就是按照元音字母、元音字母组合、辅音字母及辅音字母组合在开音节和闭音节的读音规律记忆。

例如:e a,e e,e r,i r,u r,o r分别能发[i:][:][:]等。

还有些固定的字母组合,例如:i n g发[i],l y发[l i],t y发[t i]和各种前缀、后缀,例如:a-,r e-,u n-,d i s-,i m-;-e d,-i n g,-l y,-e r,-o r,-f u l,-y等都有其比较固定的发音。

掌握了这些规则,记单词时就不必一个字母一个字母地记忆了。

二.字母变化记忆法
英语单词中以某个单词为基础,加、减、换、调一个字母就成了另一个新单词。

具体方法如下:
1.前面加字母。

例如:i s/h i s,e a r/n e a r/h e a r,r e a d/b r e a d
2.后面加字母。

例如:h e a r/h e a r t,y o u/y o u r,p l a n e/p l a n e t
3.中间加字母。

例如:t h o u g h/t h r o u g h,t r e e/t h r e e,f o r/f o u r
4.减字母。

例如:s h e/h e,c l o s e/l o s e,s t a r/t s t a r
5.换字母。

例如:b o o k/l o o k/c o o k,c a k e/l a k e/w a k e/m a k e/t a k e
6.调字母(即改变字母顺序)。

例如:b l o w/b o w l,s i n g/s i g n,
f r o m/f o r m
三.联想记忆法
在日常生活中可以根据所处的环境,所见到、所摸到的事物,联想相关的英语单词。

例如:打球时联想到:b a l l,(p l a y)b a s k e t b a l l,(p l a y)f o o t b a l l,(p l a y)v o l l e y b a l l,p l a y g r o u n d等等;吃饭时联想到:d i n i n g-r o o m,(h a v e)b r e a k f a s t,(h a v e)l u n c h,(h a v e)s u p p e r等等;睡觉时联想到:b e d,b e d r o o m,g o t o b e d,s l e e p,g o t o s l e e p,f a l l a s l e e p等等。

如果长期坚持下支,效果就会很好。

四.归类记忆法
众所周知,单词本身、单词与单词之间都存在着或多或少的联系,英语词汇中有许多单词有着其近义词、反义词、一词多义、一词多音、同音词或形音形似词等内在或外在的联系。

因此,记忆单词的主要方法是把单词之间存在的这种联系挖掘归纳出来,通过对比、对照的方式把学过的单词从各个方面进行归类
1.按词的构造归类
按词跟、前缀、后缀、合成词归类,找出词与词最本质的联系。

这种联系不仅使新词记得快、记得牢、记得久,而且也同时复习了大量的旧词。

合成词,如:
schoolbag, school-boy, classroom, football, blackboard, etc.
前缀后缀词,如:unhappy, unhealthy, unfriendly, unlucky, worker, writer, visitor, us
eless, careless, etc
2.按同义词或反义词归类
随着学生词汇量的增加,可逐渐进行此项归类。

如:take off(脱下)与put on (穿上),safe(安全)与dangerous(危险);get to (到达)与arrive at\in(到达)与reach(到达)。

3.按题材归类
在日常交谈中有不同的话题。

按题材归类就是把同一个话题经常出现的词汇归集在一起,如Our Family, Our School, Food等。

话题的范围可大可小,可以把上述的题目再划小些。

从Our School 中还可以划分出Our Classroom, An English Lesson 等
4.按语音或拼读规则归类
如果是开音节和闭音节,可以按其读音规则读出并记忆单词,当然有一些特殊的不规则的单词,那就只好进行特殊记忆。

比如根据词形和一些有关的幽默、搞笑故事联系起来记忆单词。

转贴于中
同形异义词、同异音词、异形同音词、形音相似词等加以分类。

同形异义词类常用的词有:catch, carry, come, go, get, keep, play等。

例如:(1)play football(踢
足球);(2)play basketball(打篮球);play the piano(弹钢琴);play computer games(玩电脑游戏);play in the park(在公园玩耍)。

同形异音词大体可分为三类:(1)一词两音,词义不变;
(2)读音随词性的变化而改变,其词义基本不变;(3)读音随词性、词义的变化而变化
五.构词记忆法
掌握一些构词法知识,可以大大地增加自身的词汇量。

英语构词法主要有以下三种情况:
1.派生法。

这种方法就是在一个词根的基础上加上一个前缀或后缀,从而构成另一个新词,并且与该词根的含义有着密切的联系,此类词便称为派生词。

如常用的前缀i n-,i m-,u n-,d i s-等表示否定含义;后缀-e r,-o r,-i s t等表示人;以及后缀-y,-l y,-f u l等表示形容词性等。

如:l i k e-u n l i k e,t e a c h -t e a c h e r,f r i e n d-f r i e n d l y等。

2.合成法。

这种方法就是把两个或几个各自独立的单词并到一起组成一个新的单词,由此法构成的单词便称为合成词或复合词。

如:b l a c k(黑色的)+b o a r d(木板)b l a c k b o a r d (黑板),c l a s s(班)+r o o m(房间)c l a s s r o o m(教室),
f o o t(脚)+b a l l(球)f o o t b a l l(足球)等。

3.转化法。

这种方法就是在不改变拼写形式的基础上,由一种词性转化为另一种词性,主要有名词转化为动词、动词转化为名词、形容词转化为动词或名词等。

如:w a t e r(n.水)
w a t e r(v.浇水),l i f t(v.举起)l i f t(n.电梯),l a s t(a d j.过去的)l a s t(v.持续)等。

六.循环记忆法:它是指对识记的单词反复记忆的方法。

根据遗忘规律,人的遗忘从识记后便开始,先快后慢。

因此,复习的时间间隔就应是先短后长。

例如,今天学到的单词,在当天背熟之后,第二天、第四天、第七天、第十四天、第二十八天都应复习一次,这样才能形成长时间的记忆。

总之,单词记忆的方法多种多样,只有采用科学的、行之有效的记忆方法,认真地、及时地、周期性地复习,才能大大提高英语单词的记忆效果。

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