Unit 2 Memory in interpreting (interpreting skills)
Unit Two Memory in Interpretation
Page 28
Chunking ---- deep processing of the information Be active---enrich the long-term memory , make the KL and ELK easily be activated Be relaxed and confident---- overcome the stage fright
practice
SL retelling listening →understanding →analyzing →retelling
Practice text (1) As the ship meandered along the river for docking, I saw hundreds of Indians putting small lighted candles on small folded paper boats, and then letting the paper boats float down the river. The river was illuminated by hundreds of those lights, like sparkling jewelry.
Memory Training Skills
1. Encoding, Storage and Retrieval of Information（信息的 编码、储存和追溯） Psychologists tells us that memory involves three elements, i.e. encoding, storage and retrieval. Forgetting may mean (1) the material was never encoded; (2) the information was not stored (unavailable); (3) the encountering of retrieval difficulties (inaccessible).
Interpreting英语口译省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件
▪ Behaving professionally
Progression of Skills for Consecutive Interpreting
▪ Summary: analysis and organization, focus on main points
Overview of Interpreting Skills
Consecutive Interpreting
▪ Skills in the Comprehension Phase
Getting the message through listening Logical analysis Memory in interpreting Note-taking Coping tactics in comprehension
▪ An interpreter listens to get the message words carry. While listening, he forms the whole picture of the message, as well as the details.
▪ Gist retelling
从曾经旳“世界首富”变身“世界首善”，从梦想“人人拥有计算机”到梦想“人人 拥有健康”，盖茨正在给人旳生命价值作出全新旳诠释。 比尔・盖茨：说到捐款，我们不只是捐助资金，更输出一种影响力。去年全世界约有900 万五岁下列小朋友死亡，超出90％都生活在欠发达国家， 而仅仅腹泻、疟疾这么旳疾 病造成旳死亡人数就超出百万。我以为基金会旳目旳是让900万这个数字逐渐下降。实 际上我们也能够做到这一点。我们与中国疫苗企业合作，取得政府多种援助，经过创 新降低贫穷和疾病，每一天我们都会有新进展。 直到3年前，我旳生活都是有关软件旳，神奇旳软件。而且直到今日这方面仍有诸多 能够做旳，例如变化教育方式、创新沟通途径、可视电脑、能够说话旳电脑等。 但是 今日，我旳全职员作是做基金会，了解有关疟疾、艾滋病、结核病方面旳情况，帮助 最贫困旳人们。在我有生之年，这将是我旳主要任务。 我做基金会旳梦想是让每一种生命平等。这意味着虽然是出生在最贫困旳国家，也不 会有数以百万人死于疟疾。这几年来我有诸多机会访问非洲，目睹了人们饱受疟疾 病 痛折磨旳悲惨景象。我还拜访疫苗生产方面旳科学家，一旦我们有了疫苗，就能够开 始消灭疟疾。我有机会参观了小儿麻痹症旳防治活动，发觉假如做得好，我们将在4年 内完全消除小儿麻痹症。 这个人人平等旳梦想将是我将来旳关键目旳，我们会不断进取，让这句话不再仅仅是 一句标语。这3年我感觉不错，因为我已经能够提升这些努力旳可行性，以确保微软旳 捐赠有旳放矢，我旳朋友巴菲特则努力确保资金花费旳有效性。但我懂得这远远不够， 将来我会做得更加好。
口译8
II. Application of the Interpreting Methods Dialogue interpretation Ask students to shadow and consecutively interpret the following dialogue. A:罗伯茨先生，很高兴再次见到您。有什么需要我做的吗？ B: Hi, Mr. Chen, it’s been ten months since I left China. I would like to discuss with you the possibilities of establishing a joint venture with your company to manufacture cordless phones and mobile phones. A:好极了。您的投资意向是明智的。我公司也正在寻求外资，合办一家生产 无绳电话和移动电话的制造公司，您的提议很好。罗伯茨先生，我还记得一 年前曾同您讨论过有关外国在华投资的事情。 B: Yes, you did a good job. The whole idea of my investing in a joint enterprise with your company is the direct result of your wonderful lecture. Your answers were direct and honest. And your explanations were sincere and persuasive. May I get on China’s economic express train and share your economic gains? A:当然可以。欢迎罗伯茨先生加入我们的行列！我们来讨论一下合资企业的 事宜吧。您能告诉我您的设想吗？ B: I did a lot of research in the market of telecommunications equipment lately. There’s a potential market for cordless and mobile phones in China and the world as a whole. Initially, I would like to embark on this joint venture business at a moderate rate with a safe scale. My suggestion for the amount of total capital investment is in the vicinity of eight million US dollars, a lucky number in China, I suppose.
memory skills 2
II. Memory training: (2) Categorization, generalization and comparison People believe memory can be fortified by consciously resorting to tactics (retrieval cues) such as categorization (grouping items of the same properties, origins, first letters, etc.); generalization (working out some headings to embrace the supportive details);
2. 记忆的分类： 瞬时记忆 (instant memory), 也称感觉记忆 (sensor memory): 持续时间很短。 短时记忆 (short-term memory), 也称工作记忆 (working memory) 持续时间在20-30秒，记忆容量为7+-2个互不关 联的信息单位，且始终处于活跃状态，不需要 被激活。 长时记忆 (long-term memory), 也称永久记忆 (permanent memory) 可以长达数日、数月乃至数年，记忆容量几乎 是无限的，但需要被激活。 口译：短时记忆。
Analysis: 主要概念为： ----小五金公司经过十年创业发展成为金福 实业有限公司 ----新开发的瓶盖技术先进(注塑，成型模 具) ----在技术、工作环境、管理方法、创新客 户服务方面受好评 ----代表员工表示感谢 ----坚持诚信、戒骄戒躁、共同进步 ----欢迎光临
Exercise 2:
一、信息视觉化和现实化训练 这种训练是针对大脑对意像语料的敏感性而 设计的，旨在训练译员通过将信息内容现实 化、视觉化来记忆信息的能力。比如听到以 下一段内容：
Unit 2 Memory in interpreting (interpreting skills
Ex. 3: Shopping list
Memory in interpreting
Question: What are supposed to be bought?
Memory in interpreting
一、记忆：译员的看家本领
Memory in interpreting
Are you a born interpreter? Ex. Watch carefully the following images forDo not write.
Memory in interpreting
机的中央处理器。 3. 长时记忆（long-term memory），也称永久记忆
（permanent memory） 口译员保存知识的仓库，既包含一般的语言知识和非语言知
识（如百科知识、个人经验等），也包括操作型技能等。
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆：三种类型与功能
口译员的短时记忆依赖环境并有所取舍，其操控、能动作用也因 此得到显现，“短时”能力具体表现在： 1. 听音、辨音、寻义（即完成音义匹配）以期理解源语发出者 意欲表达的意义； 2. 一边用脑实施“短时”信息加工和信息存/取，一边构建语篇 意义或建立命题网络以期完成目的语（或译入语）的构建和产出。
Memory in interpreting
然而“短时”能力或行为的实现又离不开长时记忆的支持。
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆：三种类型与功能
总之，瞬时记忆是口译的基本前提，短时记忆是口译任务赖以实 施的关键，长时记忆是口译任务得以顺利完成的资源保证。
Memory in interpreting
Week 2 Memory in Interpreting
1. Review (on-site interpreting) 2. Memory in interpreting 3. Figure interpreting 4. Memory training & CI practice 5. Homework
Shanghai cuisine
Ex. 1 宴会招待
色香味 color, aroma and taste
南翔小笼 Nanxiang steamed meat dumplings
松鼠鲑鱼 Squirrel-shaped Mandarin Fish
Homework
1 Read the textbook p.1-54 2. Ex. 3-1, 3-3 & 3-4 3. On-site interpreting
敬业的专家
dedicated/ devoted experts 凯兰女士
Ms. Kelland 我特别感谢…
My thanks especially go to…
Maneuver 实施调动，设法调整
so to speak 可以说
尽情享受
enjoy…to one’s hearts’ content 上海菜
Working memory in interpreting is a combination of short-term memory and long-term memory.
How to memorize a speech better?
What to memorize? Words or Meaning? Studies of memory have shown that the more
Exercises 1 2
新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第二册课文及翻译
Unit 1Time-Conscious AmericansAmericans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor."We are slaves to nothing but the clock," it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.A foreigner's first impression of the US is likely to be that everyone is in a rush—often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain appropriate point.Many new arrivals in the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer—especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting "teleconferences" to settle problems not only in this country but also—by satellite—internationally.The US is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say "Thank you", to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, given added weight by the passage of time. In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving".美国人认为没有人能停止不前。
口译教程unit2第二单元教案
口译教程U N I T2第二单元教案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANUNIT 2 第二单元教案来源：口译-学院精品课程作者：Jay J YangMemoria Technica (II)口译记忆（二)Unit Objective (单元目标)After reading this unit you should☆ understand the process of memorization.☆ master the “Memoria Technica”.Warm-up (准备)1. Two students are requested to sit at the Interpreting Desk or Booth, acting as interpretors of the class. Their performance is evaluated and graded by instructor.2.One or Two students are asked to present a piece of news or a weather forecast of the week.Theory of Interpretation II (口译理论二)口译记忆过程：源语信息编码+信息存储+信息提取+译语信息解码口译记忆方法：源语复述；总结概括；逻辑整理；影子练习。
Memoria Technica (记忆法)Listen to the following sentences, and try to catch the key words and details, then repeat as accurately as possible:A. Two sentences repeating::Sentences from Textbook Unit One as a part of review:1.20 years ago, almost to the day, President Ronald Reagan spoke at thisuniversity and expressed the essence of economic and political freedom.pared t o President Nixon’s, or even President reagon’s day, many Chinesecitizens are now freer to make their own ways of life ---- to choose carers, toaquire property, and to travel.3.China’s economic success has also come about through far greater integrationinto the world economy. In the last decades, your country has emerged asmajor exporter of all kinds of manufactured goods, from heavy machinery,to computers, to toys.Sentences prepared by instructor:4.The European colonists first sailed west to America and founded their firstsettlements on the Atlantic Coast.5.The United States became the World’s first modern democracy after its breakwith Great Britain in 1776 and the adoption of a constitution in 1789.6.Congress is the legislative branch of the Union. It consists of two houses: theHouse of representatives and the Senate. according the constitution, the twohouses are of equal importance and check each other.7.The US has the most technologically powerful, diverse, advanced and largesteconomy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $33,900.8.Lishui College is co-administrated by the Provincial Education Commission andthe city government.9.China’s institutions of higher learning are classified as comprehensiveuniversities, science and engineering universities and specialized institutes.10.At present, Chinese educational system can be divided into four stages.Preschool education refers to the period of going to nurseries andkindergartens. School age begins at 6. Primary education lasts for 6 years, sodoes the secondary education. It takes 4 years for students to finish tertiaryeducation.11.In kindergartens, children are mainly taught some basic morals, such ashonesty, courage, discipline, cooperation and good manners, and basicknowledge of simple arithmetic, drawing, singing and dancing.12.Lishui 2nd Middle School is a key school of the province. The major coursesstudents take are Chinese, Mathematics, English, Politics, History, Geography, Biology, physics, Chemistry, physical Culture, Music and Fine Arts.13.The former Lishui TeacherCollege was founded in 1978. It was upgraded intothe LishuiUniversity last year. There are now about 8000 students ofundergraduates. Most of them are residential.14.Universities have been undergoing some educational reforms in recent years.An obvious method is to adopt credit system, which allows students tograduate ahead of schedule when they complete the regulated credits.15.Starting from a few years ago,, students have to pay for their schooling in theform of tuition fee. In order to encourage students to study hard,Universities grants scholarship at different levels with a total coverage of70%.B. Retelling an article:A SpeechOn behalf of Oxford University , I would like to thank you for all you have done for us. Ever since we arrived, we have been enjoying nothing but the warmest friendship and hospitality. You have opened your hearts as well as your homes to us. While our stay has been very short, we feel that it has been very rewarding, not only professionally, but in making new friends and broadening the channels of contact.I would like to conclude with the hope that all of you will have a chance to come to the United States very soon, not only to continue our common pursuits of professional interest, but to partake out hospitality as well.Finally allow me to propose a toast to the health and happiness of all the ladies and gentlemen present here.Cultural Salon or Seminar (文化沙龙或研讨会)In the last 20 minutes will be a cultural salon or seminar. Two or three students who have been asked to prepare a speech in advance on a given topic. Students will do the oral interpretation.Topic: My HometownHomework Assignments (课后作业)Work on Exercise 1-2 in Unit 2 of the Textbook: Text 1.1, Text 2.1Task: Listen to the article and then start repeating at the end of each segment.Reference (单元参考资料)仲伟合主编：《英语口译教程》（上下册），高等教育出版社，2005年版。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Are you a born interpreter?
Ex. 3: Shopping list
Memory in interpreting
Question: What are supposed to be bought?
Memory in interpreting
一、记忆：译员的看家本领
Memory in interpreting
3. 推理式信息组合记忆 Rearranging information
Memory in interpreting
3. 推理式信息组合记忆 Rearranging information示例
Memory in interpreting
3. 推理式信息组合记忆 Rearranging information示例
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆：三种类型与功能
1. 瞬时记忆（instant memory），也称感觉记忆（sensory memory或sensory store） 大脑中最短的记忆。 2. 短时记忆（short-term memory） 信息处理的关键环节，在口译记忆中起主导作用，就像计算 机的中央处理器。 3. 长时记忆（g-term memory），也称永久记忆 （permanent memory） 口译员保存知识的仓库，既包含一般的语言知识和非语言知 识（如百科知识、个人经验等），也包括操作型技能等。
Are you a born interpreter?
Ex. 2: Brands
Memory in interpreting
Question: Can you give the names of the brands in that picture?
Memory in interpreting
口译的两个特点： 1. 译员必须在有限的时间内用另一种语言（即“译入语”）将 说话人所表达的信息“尽可能”流利、完整地传递给听众； 2. 这种言语信息的转换、传递活动的实现方式主要依赖于译员 对言语声学信号的感知能力、记忆能力和信息加工水平等“智能 型”因素以及译员在口译工作现场及两种语言的快速转换活动中 表现出来的应变能力、反应速度、表达水平等“操作型”因素。 记忆成为译员无法避免的中心环节。记忆的三个过程（输入、储 存、和再现）贯穿译员的口译活动“理解—重构—产出”的全过 程。 记忆非常重要！
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆：三种类型与功能
口译员的短时记忆依赖环境并有所取舍，其操控、能动作用也因 此得到显现，“短时”能力具体表现在： 1. 听音、辨音、寻义（即完成音义匹配）以期理解源语发出者 意欲表达的意义； 2. 一边用脑实施“短时”信息加工和信息存/取，一边构建语篇 意义或建立命题网络以期完成目的语（或译入语）的构建和产出。
Memory in interpreting
Interpreting skills
Contents
Interpreting skills Memory in interpreting
Memory in interpreting
Memory in interpreting
记忆在口译过程中发挥着重要作用。口译记忆包含信息感知、编 码、储存和提取诸多动态过程：译员在倾听原语发言时，记忆鉴 别和记录信息，然后分析、编码、储存原语信息，最后在译语产 出阶段，要从大脑中激活提取存储的信息进行重组，并以译语语 言形式发布。
然而“短时”能力或行为的实现又离不开长时记忆的支持。
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆：三种类型与功能
总之，瞬时记忆是口译的基本前提，短时记忆是口译任务赖以实 施的关键，长时记忆是口译任务得以顺利完成的资源保证。
Memory in interpreting
三、口译记忆：识记/保持/再现三部曲
Thank you!
Are you a born interpreter?
Ex. 1: 86579623145697
Memory in interpreting
Question:
How many times does 6 appears in this number?
Memory in interpreting
Memory in interpreting
1. 形象化记忆 visualization An example
Memory in interpreting
1. 形象化记忆 visualization An example
Memory in interpreting
2. 提纲式记忆outlining information
Memory in interpreting
三、口译记忆：识记/保持/再现三部曲
其次，识记信息还要求译员善于确定和把握交际双方的交际 目的。此外，交际的主题、双方话语的结构等因素都为信息识记 提供了一个大背景，进而可减轻译员信息识记的紧张程度，并未 下一步保持信息和再现信息奠定基础。 再次，译员还要善于在理解的基础上归纳、概况所识记的信 息。
短时记忆训练的主要方法：
Memory in interpreting
短时记忆训练的主要方法：
Memory in interpreting
短时记忆训练的注意事项：
Homework
1. Revise the interpreting skills in this unit. 2. Practice the interpreting skills. 3. Read the Pre-interpreting readings and learn the new words.
Memory in interpreting
2.
提纲式记忆outlining information
Memory in interpreting
2. 提纲式记忆outlining information An example
Memory in interpreting
2. 提纲式记忆outlining information An example
Memory in interpreting
3. 推理式信息组合记忆 Rearranging information示例
Memory in interpreting
短时记忆训练的必要性：
Memory in interpreting
短时记忆训练的必要性：
Memory in interpreting
口译过程与记忆过程（输入、储存和再现三阶段） 基本吻合，前者也包括三个阶段：识记信息（即接受、 获取信息）、保持信息（即储存所接受的信息）、再 现信息（即重新表达信息）。
Memory in interpreting
三、口译记忆：识记/保持/再现三部曲
口译中的信息识记是一种有意识的识记，它首先要求译者在 接受信息时集中注意力。而影响译员注意力的因素有以下几种： 译者自身因素，包括译者的体力和情绪等客观因素；译者工作的 外部环境，包括各种干扰、技术设备的质量、温度、湿度等。因 此，保持良好的体力和精神状态并排除一些客观因素的影响，对 译员集中注意力并捕捉信息中所蕴含的思想是至关重要的。
Memory in interpreting
Are you a born interpreter? Ex. Watch carefully the following images for 30 seconds. Remember: Do not write.
Memory in interpreting
Memory in interpreting
四、口译记忆：形象/提纲/推理三策略
1. 形象化记忆 visualization 指译员在头脑中将说话人所说的内容形象化。如果译员能够 把源语话语信息以某种形象储存，即对语篇所描述的世界构建 起一个心理或情景模型，而不是记住其词语，就能有效地减少 所记忆材料的符号，使较少的符号或意象承载相对多的信息量。 形象化记忆较好地体现了记忆的生动原则。由于此种信息储 存的方式生动，更符合短时记忆的特点，其保持的时间相应延 长，而且更完整。 此记忆法较适合对某种情形、环境、地理位置等的描述或介 绍类口译材料的记忆。
Memory in interpreting
三、口译记忆：识记/保持/再现三部曲
识记信息和保持信息是译员实施信息传递的前提，而对所识 记和保持（脑记和笔记）的信息进行再现或再认则是译员记忆的 最终目的，也是双语翻译的任务和目的。信息再现或再认通常是 连传译员对笔记“提示符号”的再解码。 要破译自己的“密码”，译员必须启动瞬时记忆和长时记忆， 发挥逻辑思维，联系交际背景，而对自己的笔记（或脑记）“添 枝加叶”，以期实现信息传递的相对完整和流利。而对同传译员 来说，“脑记”（而非“笔记”）尤其显得重要，它要求译员较 少地使用书面笔记，而更多地发挥瞬时记忆和短时记忆的功能。