社科院工经所考博考题：2000-2010
中国社会科学院经济系考博真题导师分数线内部资料
第 2010-293-001 号）。
裴小革，经济系博士生导师。1956 年 10 月出生于北京市。现为中国社会科学院经
济研究所研究员、《资本论》研究中心主任、当代西方经济理论研究室主任，同时为中
国《资本论》研究会秘书长、中国社会科学院研究生院教授、全国经济学名词审定委员
会委员、全国经济贸易名词审定委员会委员、福建师范大学兼职教授。
资料来源育明教育官网：（考博分校） 考博考试信息、辅导课程可咨询育明教育考博分校
育明 考博分校 资料来源： 考博资料、辅导课程 咨询育明考博刘老师
项目《中国近代经济史》1937-1949 卷副主编。主持院级课题《抗战前中国产业经济发 展状况研究》、《中国经济史学数据库》等项目，现担任院创新工程《我国初期工业化》 首席研究员。已发表《民国时期经济政策的沿袭与变异》（2006 年）、《民族工业发展史 话》（2000 年、2011 年）等个人专著，发表了《官产官业处置、收归国有取向与民初经 济政策》（1998 年）等数十篇学术论文。《民国时期经济政策的沿袭与变异》获 2009 年 经济所优秀科研成果奖一等奖，2010 年中国社会科学院优秀成果奖（专著）三等奖。
育明 考博分校 资料来源： 考博资料、辅导课程 咨询育明考博刘老师
中国社会科学院经济系考博真题导师分数线内部资料 一、专业的设置、招生人数及考试科目
院系ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
专业
(招生人数) (招生人数)
研究方向
导师
考试科目
401 经济系 (14)
①1001 英语
01 经济增长与资本形成
资料来源育明教育官网：（考博分校） 考博考试信息、辅导课程可咨询育明教育考博分校
育明 考博分校 资料来源： 考博资料、辅导课程 咨询育明考博刘老师
中国社会科学院经济系发展经济学专业考博真题导师分数线内部资料
中国社会科学院经济系发展经济学专业考博真题导师分数线内部资料一、专业的设置、招生人数及考试科目院系(招生人数)专业(招生人数)研究方向导师考试科目401经济系(14)0201Z3★发展经济学(1)01经济发展与收入分配魏众①1001英语②2001经济学原理③3073发展经济学二、导师介绍魏众，中国社会科学院经济研究所研究员、研究室主任、博士生导师，并担任中国社会科学院经济研究所中国经济转型与发展研究中心主任。
1991于北京大学经济学院获经济学硕士学位，2003年于中国社会科学院经济系获经济学博士学位。
1991年进入中国社会科学院经济研究所，自1996年起进入经济所收入分配课题组从事收入分配及其相关课题研究工作。
主要研究领域包括收入分配、卫生经济学、劳动力市场、区域经济发展。
主持和参与多项国家级课题和多项国际合作课题研究工作，并曾为多个中央政府机构提供政策咨询服务。
主要代表作：《健康对非农就业的影响》（2003），《农村住院医疗制度分析》（2003），《中国当前的收入分配状况及对策分析》（2010）。
育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。
育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。
三、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：柒柒，贰陆柒捌，伍叁柒，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
中国社会科学院考博历年真题 经济学原理2001
中国社会科学院考博历年真题经济学原理2001-2003年试题
1、马克思的劳动价值论与我国收入分配改革(30分)
2、不完全竞争市场的缺陷及政府规制(25分)
3、假定投资不受利率影响，利用IS-LM模型和AD-AS模型说明，产出、利率、物价总水平是如何决定的？是怎样发生变化的？(30分)
4、阐述1998年度诺贝尔经济学奖的主要理论贡献。
（15）
社科院2002博士入学经济学原理考试题
1、用总供给和总需求曲线，说明什么情况下产量上升的同时价格下降，什么情况下产量下降的同时价格上升。
一起考研社区真情奉献
2、用图形分析并说明企业的短期成本和长期成本的关系。
3、论述马克思的商品价值向生产价格的转型理论。
4、2001年诺贝尔奖获得者的主要理论贡献及其在现实经济活动中的应用。
社科院2003博士入学经济学原理考试题（每题必答1000字以上）
1、论述实验经济学对传统经济学“理性行为”的挑战；（30分）
2、新制度经济学的政策主张及对当代中国的意义；（35分）（新经济增长理论的政策含义及其对中国实践的启示）
3、运用政治经济学原理解析中共十六大报告关于“确立劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则，完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度”的精神。
（35分）。
社科院2000考博英语试题+答案
中国社会科学院研究生院2000博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part Ⅰ V ocabulary (15 points)Section ADirections ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle and black out the letter that is closest in meaning to theunderlined word ．1．The cultural life of a social group ，qua social group ，may be said to depend upon its cognitive level ．A ．perditionB ．perceptionC ．pertinenceD ．permanent2．The article insinuates that the crime did not take place ．A ．states flatlyB ．argues convincinglyC ．positively deniesD ．suggests indirectly3．The international committee ，at its annual general meeting ，finally waived the rule about the 12-month qualifying period ．A ．ratifiedB ．agreed in principle withC ．modifiedD ．dropped4．The Bulletin ，noted for its impartial advice ，recommends in a recent issue that GPs and nurses learn a variety of skills transmittable to patients ．A ．influentialB ．judiciousC ．unprejudicedD ．medical5．She is an amiable member of the committee ．A ．conventionalB ．congenialC ．cogentD ．congenital6．When a careful individual speaks or writes there are usually nuances of meaning that need to be recognized ．A ．slight annoyancesB ．slight differencesC ．slight preferencesD ．slight shades7．Civilian oversight of the police means ，among other things ，that suspects will probably not be coerced into confessing ．A ．bribedB ．persuadedC ．deceivedD ．forced8．She told her niece she would leave her a small legacy ．A ．noteB ．articleC ．giftD ．inheritance9．Because his inattention was responsible for the accident ，he was rebuked ．A ．criticizedB ．punishedC ．delayedD ．disturbed10．The emperor ，in establishing the archbishopric in 968，revealed his interest in both religious and pastoral considerations ．A ．bucolicB ．churchlyC ．agriculturalD ．rural11．Among the requisites of polite society figures a basic politeness to everyone ．A ．demandsB ．stepsC ．awarenessD ．doings12．Quacks rely on the anguish of cancer sufferers ，as well as their credulity ，for their financial success ．A ．grimacesB ．wrathC ．irritationD ．torment13．The debris from the crash was strewn over the countryside for miles around ． 考博家园A ．trapsB ．remainsC ．resultsD ．weapons14．If the Minnesota Vikings continue to confound their critics ，their entry into the playoffs will be assured ．A ．confusingB ．confuse byC ．confuseD ．confuse with15．Older writers are frequently patronizing towards young writers ．A ．supportiveB ．criticalC ．kindD ．condescendingSection BDirections ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle and black out the letter that best completes the sentence ．16．Disruptive behavior at meetings governed by Robert's Rules of Order usually results in________．A ．electionB ．erectionC ．ejaculationD ．ejection17．In 1981，the two factors of conservation measures and world recession resulted in a________ of the demand for oil ．A ．curbingB ．invertingC ．spreadD ．scotching18．The new budgetary constraints forbid the allocation of supplementary funds if it can be established that the original allotment had been________．A ．dispelledB ．dissipatedC ．dispatchedD ．dispirited19．When a room is supplied with an adequate amount of flesh air ，people usually say it is________．A ．well-modulatedB ．well-simulatedC ．well-ventilatedD ．well-stimulated20．You don't want a proctoscope if you hope to________ an image ；you want a telescope ．A ．displaceB ．distortC ．replaceD ．magnify21．Among the________ components of contemporary construction figure steel ，concrete ，and glass ．A ．requitedB ．integralC ．topicalD ．ornamental22．Zero or even negative growth ，a soaring budgetary deficit ，a________ in inflation—the government report paints a dismal picture ．A ．surplusB ．survivalC ．surgeD ．survey23．The eye tends to see distance as________．In painting ，this is sometimes called “the vanishing point ．”A ．conformingB ．comfortingC ．contrivingD ．converging24．Many an underdeveloped country ，faced with crippling national debt ，rums to________ a greater harvest from its timber resources ．A ．extractingB ．extrapolatingC ．excavatingD ．exfoliating25．The Court has been castigated for a steady________ of minority rights and women's fights ．A ．instigationB ．infringementC ．involvementD ．inquisition26．He became a legend as an opera singer ，not so much because of his voice range or emotive ability ，but rather because of his fiery________．A ．mannersB ．dispositionC ．altitudeD ．approach27．In America ，moon—lighting is an attempt to________ one's income ．A ．diluteB ．affectC ．augmentD ．offset28．The reports coming from the site________ that all the hostages have been killed ． 考博家园A ．allegeB ．inferC ．evokeD ．promise29．It is less to skill than to hard work that he________ his continuing success ．A ．ascribesB ．subscribesC ．prescribesD ．describes30．The lad was quite fortunate in finding a________ to aid him financially in his studies ．A ．patroonB ．pauonC ．platoonD ．poltroonPart Ⅱ Grammar (15 points)Section ADirections ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle and black out the letter that is the best choice of word tofill in the blank ．1．As with any isolated and largely self-contained community the agricultural village was often________ fierce loyalty among its inhabitants ．A ．the objection ofB ．objective fromC ．the object ofD ．objective2．From its customs and traditions the village________ a strong sense of identity and morality ，which ，looking back ，may easily be mourned in a more impersonal ，amoral ，and uncertain modern world ．A ．could draw inB ．could draw uponC ．would draw fromD ．would draw in3．What this galloping advance in analytical acuity means is that scientists can now isolate the tiniest amounts of harmful substances in foods which ，________，have always been considered safe ，or in some cases beneficial ．A ．from thenB ．whenceC ．hithertoD ．hence4．Possibly because there are few bare patches of gravel on that continent ，________ because of an innately gregarious habit of mind ，their rookeries number almost millions of individuals ．A ．though most possiblyB ．probablyC ．but more probablyD ．most possibly5．She observed quite unashamedly that though they had been married for 8 years ，she knew nothing about________ in the army ．A ．he servedB ．him having servedC ．him to serveD ．his having been served6．The Mary Rose was a remarkable ship ，________ have rarely been seen ．A ．the likes of whichB ．like whichC ．which the likesD ．which of the likes7．________ can be seen by the results of the study ，the principle seems to require the active involvement of the patient in the modification of his condition ．A ．AsB ．WhatC ．ThatD ．It8．Test scores do not improve by magic ．Improving your test scores ，especially________ it comes to classroom tests ，depends on doing the assignments ．A ．whenB ．beforeC ．asD ．since9．I would not take his claim to being an authority very seriously ．________ he knows about his area is either inaccurate or outdated ．A ．How muchB ．That muchC ．How littleD ．What little10．For the purposes of the study ，it was at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade 2 that observations were made________ the children ． 考博家园A ．ofB ．towardsC ．onD ．with11．Half________，the number of participants registering for this year's marathon was disappointing ．A ．of them for last year'sB ．that of last year'sC ．of those of last yearD ．those of last years12．Attentiveness and involvement are prerequisites for there________ successful communication ．A ．isB ．to beC ．will beD ．are13．Who has the time to read or listen to an account of everything currently going on in the world?A ．that isB ．as isC ．there isD ．it is14．After turning the whole room inside out ，she eventually found the magazine ，________ were either torn or dog-eared ．A ．many of whose pagesB ．many of its pagesC ．many of which pagesD ．whose many pages15．Professor Li's hook will show you________ can be used in other contexts ．A ．that you have observedB ．how what you have observedC ．you have observed whatD ．how that you have observedSection BDirections ：Each sentence below contains one error ．On your Answer Sheet ，circle and blacken theletter that represents the error ．16．Tornadoes—actually miniscule storms which paths are not usually over a quarter mileA B in width—are nonetheless extremely violent ．C D17．Not only did various ancient civilizations cremate their dead ，but they also cremated along withA B the dead person every which object he might possibly use in the afterlife ．C D18．T o say that Ferdinand Magellan ，the first European to discover ，the Philippines ，did not actually circumnavigateA B the earth because he was killed before his famous voyage was completed ．C D19．Only in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century in Great Britain did it begin to be likelyA B that a resolution that women to be allowed to join a previously all-male organization C would be carried ．D20．Not had she lived virtually next door to the police station ，the burglars would have escapedA B C scot-free ． 考博家园D21．Cannibalism or humans eating other humans ，has ，throughout the history ，exerted both morbidA B C Dfascination and extremes of repulsion ．22．Some enthusiasts claim that the humble Hawaiian ukulele is the most versatility of all musical A B C D instruments ．23．It is to the skillful utilization of voice range ，the chief emphasizing in speech-making ，thatA B C success as an orator may be attributed ．D24．It is the predetermined ability of the shell of a variety of marine animals to develop only withinA B certain limits that prevents themselves from growing past a specific size ．C D25．Absent any convinced link between the quantity or the so-called quality of the brain cells ，one A B C is able to state whatever one chooses ．D26．Early missionaries discovered that their converts would backslide if left to their own devices ，A B and would charge them with guilty of so doing upon their return ．C D27．When in childhood ，Wagner seems to have had few interests apart from music ，about which heA B C D exhibited an insatiable curiosity ．28．It is the general level of comfort of the average citizen that determines whether or not a countryA considers wars rendered uselessly as a means of settling a disagreement with a neighboringB C DCoantry ．29．The government's new economic policies have as a goal the reducing down of the rate of A B inflation from its peak of three months ago ．C D30．In Victorian England ，many a respective and very rich older man had ，as a youth ，been involvedA B Cin at least foolish ，if not downright criminal ，acts ．D 考博家园Part Ⅲ Cloze (10 points)Directions ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle and black out the letter for the word that best fits in thesentences below ．The rest of the afternoon passed slowly ．I wasn't able to 1 on the brief I 2 submit for the sodomy case I was scheduled to 3 4 ，and I was desperate to 5 ，unnecessary phone conversations ．The only phone call 6 interest was from Mercer ．He was pleased ．“Katherine's Fryer's 7 is the best 8 ．She's really good on 9characteristics ．She's 10 about the 11 and shape of the mustache ．I never had an illustrator as a victim 12 but it sure helps the sketch take on some 13 ．”I knew exactly what he 14 ．The 15 description started with witnesses saying they're 16 at doing this ，and that the guy was average height ，average weight ，average-looking ， 17 distinctive about his appearance ，and so on ．I had a folder full of 18 of wanted rapists who looked like everybody and 19 ．Try and display one to a jury and claim a resemblance to the defendant on trial and it was mom likely to look like three of the 20 ．Not guilty ．1．A ．conglomerate B ．concentrate C ．concentric D ．commiserate2．A ．must B ．ought to C ．had to D ．could3．A ．attempt B ．try C ．write D ．analyze4．A ．three weeks ago B ．three weeks beforeC ．after three weeksD ．in three weeks5．A ．avert B ．abort C ．avoid D ．annul6．A ．of B ．with C ．responding D ．evincing7．A ．outgo B ．outcome C ．intake D ．input8．A ．still B ．to come C ．before D ．yet9．A ．facial B ．face C ．personal D ．personality10．A ．dubious B ．decided C ．firm D ．strong11．A ．position B ．location C ．size D ．magnitude12．A ．ago B ．before C ．then D ．once13．A ．verisimilitude B ．exactitude C ．meaning D ．definition14．A ．described B ．inferred C ．defined D ．meant15．A ．average B ．median C ．typical D ．general16．A ．lousy B ．representative C ．partial D ．lousy17．A ．anything B ．nothing C ．something D ．everything18．A ．sketches B ．photos C ．paintings D ．etchings19．A ．somebody B ．else C ．nobody D ．me20．A ．defendants B ．jurors C ．same D ．people Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions ：On your Answer Sheet ，circle and black out the letter that best answers the questionsbelow ．Passage 1Obviously ，the per capita income of a country depends on many things ，and any statistical test that does not take account of all important determinants is misspeeified ，and thus must be used only for descriptive and heuristic purposes ．It is nonetheless interesting—and for many people surprising—to find that there is a positive and even a statistically significant relationship between 考博家园these two variables ：the greater the number of people per square kilometer the higher the per capita income ．The law of diminishing returns is not invariably mae ：it would be absurd to suppose that a larger endowment of land ipso facto makes a country poorer ．This consideration by itself would ，of course ，call for a negative sign on population density ．Thus ，it is interesting to ask what might account for the “wrong” sign and think of what statistical tests should ultimately be done ．Clearly there is a simultaneous two-way relationship between population density and per capita income ：the level of per capita income affects population growth just as population ；by increasing the labor force ，affects per capita income ．The argument offered here suggests that perhaps countries with better economic policies and institutions come to have higher per capita incomes than countries with inferior policies and institutions ，and that these higher incomes bring about a higher population growth through more immigration and lower death rates ．In this way ，the effects of better institutions and policies in raising per capita income swamps the tendency of diminishing returns to labor to reduce it ．This hypothesis may also explain why many empirical studies have not been able to show a negative association between the rate of population growth and increases in per capita income ．One reason why the ratio of natural resources to population does not account for variations in per capita income is that most economic activity can now readily be separated from deposits of raw material and arable land ．Over time ，transportation technologies have certainly improved ，and products that have a high value in relation to their weight ，such as most services and manufactured goods like computers and airplanes ，may have become more important ．The Silicon Valley is not important for the manufacture of computers because of the deposits of silicon ，and London and Zurich are not great banking centers because of fertile land ．Even casual observation suggests that most modern manufacturing and service exports are not closely fled to natural resources ．Western Europe does not now have a high ratio of natural resources to population ，but it is very important in the export of manufactures and services ．In a parallel way ，the striking success of Japan ，HongKong ，and Singapore ，with relatively few natural resources per capita ，cannot be explained by reliance thereon ．1．In paragraph 1，three words are in italics________ ?A ．for reasons of English language styleB ．because of personal reason of styleC ．in order to highlight their importanceD ．to help the reader avoid confusion2．The people who are surprised are so because they have assumed that________．A ．there is a positive correlation between the two variablesB ．the higher the per capita income the lower the population densityC ．the greater the number of people the greater the per capita incomeD ．the relationship between the variables is statistically insignificant3．With which of the following statements would the author agree?A ．One would not ordinarily suppose that a large country would be poor ．B ．A negative sign on population density may be a wrong sign ．C ．Per capita income depends on the size of the labor force ． 考博家园D ．The author would agree with all of the above statements ．4．The word “here” in paragraph 3，line 1 means________．A ．supraB ．at this very momentC ．in this articleD ．in this country5．The population growth in countries with higher per capita income________．A ．comes not from the birth rate of the citizens but rather from the influx of othersB ．is a natural result because the citizens have more money for childrenC ．is only an artifact based on a declining birth rateD ．does not invalidate the population growth of poorer countries6．Which of the following statements is true?A ．None of the following statements is true ．B ．Silicon Valley has great deposits of silicon ．C ．London and Zurich have vast amounts of arable land ．D ．Western Europe has always depended on services ．Passage 2The procedures followed by scholars studying literature are often unsatisfactory ：the control over a cognitive project as a whole is often lost ．The literary scholar seems to be collecting data—which is a preliminary operation—without making use of them ．Like a diligent ant gathering food it will never eat ，the contemporary literary scholar seems intent upon writing footnotes of a books he will never try to read ．I propose that at the outset of a research project it is necessary to render explicit the questions the scholar will try to answer ，what methods will be used and why and the reason why s ／he thinks that it may be worthwhile answering such questions ．More ，the work of the people concerned with the study of literature seems casual ．For instance ，much research is devoted to one author ，often on the occasion of an anniversary ．Now there is no reason to think that our observations will be more valid ，urgent ，appropriate ，useful ，or interesting if the author of the texts we are concerned with was born or died or the texts were written fifty ，one hundred ，or two hundred years ago ．This seems to be celebration and not research producing knowledge ．It does not seem to make any sense to determine one's research program by looking at the calendar ．The widespread habit of limiting thescope of a research project to a single author often leads to a confined understanding of the author and the texts ，which ，in turn ，offers marginal results ．The average literary scholar considers these results satisfactory ．But for what purpose are they satisfactory?Often the research strategies and methods of the literary scholar are repetitive ．A new operation that is analogous to previous ones is often considered worthwhile ：it is on these premises that many texts concerning literature are produced and accepted ．I propose instead that in a concrete project that tries to produce knowledge ，any statement needs verification ．But there is a point where it is unnecessary to repeat the same operation on new data ，because the result has already been established ：rather than additional confirmation of what is already known ，it is the exploration of what is still unknown that deserves priority ．Contemporary literary research seems to be based on habits that originated in the past and that bear little resemblance to research projects as they are intended now in other fields ．If our main aim were the proposal of some objects as cultural models ，then it would be useful to our purpose to try to attract our society's 考博家园attention toward these objects and the persons who produced them ．It would be reasonable to perform our actions on the occasion of anniversaries ，because we would not be doing research ，but celebration and propaganda ．Celebration aims at confirming certitudes and strengthening bonds of solidarity among the participants ．It does not produce knowledge ，but it confirms what is already known ．Legitimating by means of the power of words has been for many centuries the main job of the man of letters ．7．In the view of the writer ，scholars studying literature need to________．A ．research more diligentlyB ．establish a clear purpose before commencing researchC ．decrease the number of footnotesD ．avoid writing special works to celebrate anniversaries8．The writer of this article is critical of modern literary research because________．A ．it uses too many analogiesB ．it is not concrete writingC ．it relies on established methods that have not changed muchD ．it is too subjective9．According to the writer ，writing about an author on their anniversary________．A ．is useful because it creates stronger ties with the authorB ．is useful because it strengthens the cultural informationC ．is useful because it is celebration and celebration confirms certitudesD ．is not useful since it does not add much to the pool of established information10．In paragraph 3，sentence 2，the words “to previous ones” refers to________．A ．previous authors written about by othersB ．earlier scholars who wrote comparative literary worksC ．earlier methods for researchD ．repeats of research11．This article________．A ．criticizes the limited approach taken by many literary scholars in their researchB ．criticizes the approach taken to footnotes in literary researchC ．supports the idea that literary scholars must remain a cohesive groupD ．maintains that more careful personal data needs to be collected about authors12．In the writer's opinion________．A ．repetition over a period of time can provide proofB ．evidence in research is criticalC ．celebratory research does not require proofD ．research concerning an author from antiquity does not require evidence Passage 3After a run of several thousand years ，it is entirely fitting that 2000 will be marked as the year the tide tuned against taxation ．Clay tablets recall the taxes of Hammurabi in the Babylon of 2000BC ，but the practice is certainly older ．People in power have always tried to divert some of the proceeds of economic activity in their own direction ．Lords took feudal dues from their vassals ；landowners took tolls from merchants ；gangsters took protection money from small businesses ；governments took taxes from their citizens ．Despite the different names ，the principle 考博家园has remained constant ：those who do not produce take resources from those who do ，and spend it on altogether different things ．The tide is turning because of the convergence of several factors ．In the first place ，taxes are becoming harder to collect ．Capital is more mobile than ever ，and inclined to fly from places that tax to places that do not ．Governments do not move their boundaries and jurisdictions as rapidly as companies can change locations ．Attempts to establish trans-national tax powers are almost certainly ，ably doomed by international competition to attract economic activity ．Many businesses will choose to stay out of reach ．The global economy and the internet mean that purchases can now cross frontiers ．People buy books ，clothes ，and cars from abroad ，and any finance minister who likes to tax these items find his tax base diminishing ．It is not only capital and goods which are harder to pin down ．Even wages are crossing frontiers ．The rise of the service sector means that many income-generating activities can take place across frontiers ，causing yet more headaches for over-stretched public treasuries ．Farther more ，the pace of electronic ，hard-to-trace activity is accelerating ．No less important has been the rise of political resistance ．The past quarter-century has been marked by a movement led in Britain and America itself in California's famous tax-cutting referendum proposition 13，but saw its fullest expression in the Thatcher and Reagan tax cuts of the 1980's ．Britain's Tories entered office in 1979 with the top rate of income tax at 98％，and left office 18 years later with a top rate of 40％．Indeed ，their Labour Opponents became electable only after a firm promise not to raise it again ．The plain fact is that electmates these days will not stand for it ．They recognize ，correctly ，that governments spend their money less carefully and less efficiently than they can spend it themselves ．One of the greatest uses of tax money is to provide pensions ．And here a revolution—as important and pervasive as privatization—is sweeping the world ．Fully-funded personal pension plans ，based on individual savings ，are sweeping away the poorly funded public pensions promised by governments ．The latter take taxes from the young to support the old ．The former invest savings from the young to support themselves when old ．13．The main idea of this text is that________．A ．taxation is changing and will continue to changeB ．ways of collecting tax have changedC ．pensions are increasingly being paid out of taxpayer's moneyD ．public money is being misspent in most western countries14．Taxes are more difficult to collect because________．A ．it is almost impossible to tax transnational companiesB ．of the increase in buying goods through the internetC ．some burgeoning areas of employment have activities that are not easily taxedD ．all of the above15．The biggest change in taxation________．A ．is in provident accountsB ．is privatization of companiesC ．is in individual pension plans which are replacing government pensionsD ．is the increased tax on personal investment16．From this article it is evident that________． 考博家园A ．small business will continue to be heavily taxedB ．in England ，personal income tax will rise to a top rate of 40％C ．many large companies can still avoid paying high taxesD ．globalization is making tax-collection easier17．According to this article ，the people who have many problems relating to tax are________．A ．the oldB ．the youngC ．the bankD ．the finance ministers of various countries18．Trans-national companies________．A ．do not have to pay taxB ．are often encouraged by a country to pay less taxC ．are finding it difficult to pay taxes because of the significant increasesD ．all of the abovePassage 4Handwriting analysis (graphology) circumvents the law by frying to determine an employee's traits (e. g. ，stability) according to some handwriting group stereotype to which he or she belongs ，(Indeed ，some graphologists have so little respect for the law and so much confidence in their stereotyping that they have proposed using the technique in lieu of court proceedings to identify and prosecute criminals!) The analysis works by comparing the speed ，size ，slant ，form ，pressure ，layout ，and continuity of an individual's handwriting with various patterns and typologies ，and assimilating this person's script into these types ．As a result the individual judged ceases to be an individual and becomes little more than a composite of traits ．This end result differs little from judgements based on race ，sex ，religion ，etc ．Granted ，no individual is totally unique ．Any evaluation of character ，or for that matter ，skills ，turns ，in some measure ，on employing generic ideas about virtue ，vice ，and technical competence ．Still ，there is a human individuality which manifests itself in our imagination and in the innovative arguments we choose to advance ．Standardized handwriting analysis is far less respectful of individuality in this latter sense than other modes of screening ．Individuals who are asked to write a personal essay describing their qualifications in their own terms ；and who are given an opportunity in an interview to describe their motivations in seeking a particular job retain far more of what makes them distinctive ．This more personalized format gives the individual an opportunity to express unusual or provocative opinions the employer may not have previously considered ．Upon reflection ，the employer may think these comments so pertinent that s ／he awards the job to this candidate ．Handwriting analysis ，though ，is ostensibly purely ：formal ．It does not provide the candidate with any opportunity to distinguish himself or herself in this substantive fashion ．At best ，graphology will yield some vague assessment such as “the candidate is highly creative”．It is worth remembering what the driving force is behind graphological testing ．Handwriting analysis ，like automated telephone screening ，is increasingly being used early in the hiring process because it purports to deliver salient ，accurate information cheaply ．Yet precisely because these techniques are standardized ，the data has reduced value ．Judgements about the precise relevance of some perceived character traits to a job are rarely ：straightforward ．Good interviewers learn through training and through interaction itself to qualify previous judgements ．Perhaps the candidate who fails to make eye contact has a guilty conscience (as it is standardly assumed)．On 考博家园。
社科院社会学历年考博真题
2014年博士生社会理论、历史与方法一、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）张旅平：1. “大同”与“小康”（《礼记•礼运》）何蓉：2. 主体间性赵立伟：3. 共同体（Gemeinschaft）与社会（Gesellschaft）[F. Tonnies] 夏传玲：4. 非参数检验李炜：5. 工具变量二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）苏国勋：1. 简评结构功能功能分析的AGIL格式。
何蓉：2. 试述法团主义的理论与实际意义。
杨宜音：3. 简述质性研究中的“扎根理论”（grounded theory）。
夏传玲：4. 请您从量表的测量属性来谈谈问卷中的量表设计。
三、论述题（每题20分，共40分）苏国勋：1. 试论自然地理位置对一个民族国家的社会-经济发展的影响。
李炜：2. 什么是行动研究（Action Research）? 请论述行动研究对实证主义的批判。
2013年博士生社会理论、历史与方法一、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）张旅平：1. 价值参照（reference to values）何蓉：2. 自我实现预言赵立伟：3. 社会侵蚀（费孝通）夏传玲：4. 事件空间李炜：5. 反事实分析架构（Counterfactual Framework）二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）苏国勋：1. 简述你对社会学学科所追求的“社会性”的理解。
张旅平：2. 简述福柯的身体社会学思想。
陈婴婴：3. 简述统计显著性检验的逻辑。
李炜：4. 简要比较定量研究和质性研究在资料分析方面的差异。
三、论述题（每题20分，共40分）苏国勋：1. 结合中国现实谈谈你对现代化理论得失的认识。
夏传玲：2. 试论述在定量分析中假设与理论、数据之间的关系。
2012年博士生社会理论、历史与方法一、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1.虚假意识2.规训（M.福柯）3.符号暴力4.分析单位5.条件概率二、简答题（以下三题中任选二题作答，每题15分，共30分）1.在社会学研究中如何体现和处理价值关联和价值中立这一对矛盾？2.简析二元劳动力市场理论。
2002-2012年中国社科院近代史所博士入学考试真题
2002-2012年社科院近代史研究所博士入学考试专业科目真题（部分）2002年中国近现代史（三题任选两题，每题50分）一、述评洋务运动的发生发展过程、主要举措和历史作用二试论旧三民主义和新三民主义的成因、内容、历史作用及彼此关系三、你对中国近现代史中的哪个问题最感兴趣？为什么？有何研究设想？2003年中国近现代史一、你认为1840—1949年的中国近代社会与1840年以前的传统社会相比，其最深刻的变化表现在那些方面，并论述之（50分）二、你认为最近几年来中国近现代史研究在哪些方面有较大的创新，并举例说明之（50分）2004年中国近现代史1、中国近代半殖民地半封建社会是如何形成的？有哪些主要特征和历史影响？2、近代中国的革命是如何从旧民主主义革命转变为新民主主义革命的？2005年中国近现代史一、清末新政有哪些主要举措？你有何评价？二、抗日战争时期中国的政治、经济、文化和社会发生了哪些重要变化？2006年中国近现代史一、中日甲午战争对中国的政治、经济、文化、思想等方面带来了哪些重要影响？二、评述1927—1937年间南京国民政府统治时期中国社会的发展变化2007年1、评价洋务运动中李、左、曾的政治行为2、论述北洋军阀时期中国社会的变化2008年中国近现代史一、论述主要北洋军阀之间的相互关系以及影响二、你对中国近现代史的那一方面感兴趣并阐述你的研究设想2010年中国近代史一、名词解释1.《东南互保》2.《盛世危言》3.中国民主同盟4.乡村建设运动二、论述题1.鸦片战争对中国人产生了怎样的反响？鸦片战争后中国社会发生了何具体变化？2．论述辛亥革命对近代中国社会在政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的影响2012年中国近代史名词解释1.东南互保2.钦定宪法大纲3.京师同文馆4.满铁，5，中共七届二中全会，6，二、论述题1.鸦片战争对中国人产生了怎样的反响？鸦片战争后中国社会发生了何具体变化？2．论述中国共产党成立的时代背景，提出的时局主张。
中国社会科学院工业经济系会计学专业考博真题导师分数线内部资料(精)
中国社会科学院工业经济系会计学专业考博真题导师分数线内部资料一、专业的设置、招生人数及考试科目院系 (招生人数专业(招生人数研究方向导师考试科目402工业经济系 (14 120201会计学(101公司理财杜莹芬①1001英语、 1002日语、 1003俄语选一②2002管理学原理③3182财务管理二、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容:第一,关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长,也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体,如何从参考书抓取核心书目,从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点,如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架,如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题,是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外, 考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩:柒柒,贰陆柒捌,伍叁柒,专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读,整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的 paper,读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做,这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二,专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结,专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选,另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系,做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三,专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题,答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题,考试时间各 3小时,一般会有十几页答题纸。
考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的,还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析,两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。
第四,导师的信息。
导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果,另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。
这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。
同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据,当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题,还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。
社科院博士生初试考试英语试题及答案
社科院博士生初试考试英语试题及答案细节决定成败，学习重在积累，面对日益严峻的竞争环境，越来越多的在职人员纷纷加入到考博的进修行列中，社会科学院的博士生考试英语试题历来以超难著称，下面我领略一下吧!自2015年起社科院博士生英语考试开始启用如下考题类型，下面我们一起来看看社科院的博士生初试考试英语个性考题吧~试卷第三部分(包括阅读7 选5、概要)，请考生直接写在英语试题答题纸上的指定位置，不再提供额外的答题纸。
PART III: Reading and Writing 10 Section A (10 points) Directions: Some sentences have been removed in the following text. Choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the blanks.(1) __________________ Player 1 may not know these particular words of wisdom, but chances are she’s thinking much the same as she tries to decide whether to send Player 2 some of her $10 stake. If she does, the money will be tripled, and her anonymous partner can choose to return none, some, or all of the cash. But why should Player 2 send anything back? And why should Player 1 give anything in the first place? Despite the iron logic of this argument, she types in her command to send some money. A few moments later she smiles, seeing from her screen that Player 2 has returned a tidy sum that leaves them both showing a net profit.(2) ___________________ Based on exactly the same cold logic that Player 1 dismissed, the so-called Nash equilibrium predicts that in economic transactions between strangers, where one has to make decisions based on a forecast of another’s response, the optimal level of trust is zero. Yet despite the economicorthodoxy, the behavior of Players 1 and 2 is not exceptional. In fact, over the course of hundreds of such trials, it turns out that about half of Player 1s send some money, and three- quarters of Player 2s who receive it send some back.Zak is a leading protagonist in the relatively new field of neuroeconomics, which aims to understand human social interactions through every level from synapse to society. It is a hugely ambitious undertaking. By laying bare the mysteries of such nebulous human attributes as trust, neuroeconomists hope to transform our self- understanding. (3) _________________ “ As we learn more about the remarkable internal order of the mind, we will also understand far more deeply the social mind and therefore the external order of personal exchange, and the extend ed order of exchange through markets.”(4) __________________ As Zak’s collaborator Steve Knack of the World Bank points out: “Trust is one of the most powerful factors affecting a country’s economic health. Where trust is low, individuals and organizations are more wary about engaging in financial transactions, which tends to depress the national economy.”And trust levels differ greatly between nations. The World Values Survey, based at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, has asked people in countries around the world, “Do you think strangers can generally be trusted?” the positive response rate varies from about 65% in Norway to about 5% in Brazil. (5) __________________ “Policy-makers in these latter countries might be urgently interested in mechanisms that enable them to raise national trust levels,” observes Knack.A. Even more intriguingly, it seems that this urge to respond positively when someone shows trust in us is largely outside ourcontrol.B. Crucially for international economic development, what is true for individuals turns out also to be true for nations.C. Disturbingly, countries where trust is lower than a critical level of about 30%—as is the case in much of South America and Africa – risk falling into a permanent suspicion- locked poverty trap.D. “It’s good to trust; it’s better not to,” goes an Italian proverb.E. They believe their findings even have the potential to help make societies more productive 11 and successful.F. He points out that our brains have been tailored by evolution to cope with group living.G. This outcome doesn’t just flout proverbial wisdom, it thumbs its nose at economic theory.Section B (10 points) Directions: Write a 100—120-word summary of the article in this part.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
社科院工经所考博考题：2000-2010 企业管理2000年
必答题(50分)
1论企业核心能力在制定企业经营战略中的作用。
二、选答题(任选一题，每题50分，共50分)
1试论在建立国有企业高层经营管理人员激励与约束机制方面存在的主要问题、难点和对
策。
2试举例论述在市场经济条件下企业加强冲突事务管理的重要性。
管理学原理2001年
简答题(每题10分，共40分)
1、W.爱德华兹.戴明对于管理理论的贡献是什么,
2、谈谈你所了解的CIM,CAD和CAM。
3、简述形形色色的激励理论，它们如何形成当代激励理论的综合。
4、预测技术和环境变化的德尔非法的基本内容是什么, 论述题(每题30分，共60分) 1试比较经济学、管理学关于企业组织的基本研究方法和观点。
2试述企业家精神在战略管理中的特殊地位及现阶段如何培育我国的企业家精神。
企业管理2001年
必答题(50分)
1试用系统管理学派或权变管理学派的基本理论分析中国加入WTO后企业管理环境的变化
及其企业管理创新的趋势。
二、选答题(必选一题，50分)
1试论我国发展电子商务的主要难点和对策。
2试述企业经营业绩评价的基本方法及提高企业经营业绩的基本途径。
管理学原理2002年
论述题(每体限在1000字以上)
1论述运用战略管理理论，分析我国加入WTO后企业竞争战略的选择与调整。
(35分)
2从管理道德观谈谈我国企业的责任和信誉。
(35分)
3怎样用博弈论中的报复模型分析反对恐怖主义的策略。
(30分) 企业管理2002年
必答题(50分)
1试述提高企业管理信息化水平的意义和主要途径。
二、选答题(必选一题，50分)
1试述我国国有企业治理方面存在的主要问题和对策。
2试述“意识—反应”型企业理论的基本要点及其在企业中的运用。
管理学原理2003年
论述题(每题25分，共100分。
必答800字以上)
1用霍夫斯泰德文化思维理论分析中外合资企业管理中的冲突和问题。
2从生产作业管理(operations management)角度分析如何提高中国制造业的劳动生产率和竞争优势。
3工业企业选址布点应考虑哪些因素,并以次分析中国成为世界制造业基地的可能性。
4综合管理万能论和管理象征论的观点，论述如何建立有效的管理者业绩评价体系, 企业管理2003年
名词解释(每题2分，共10分)
1知识管理2非正式组织3标杆管理4虚拟企业5并购
二、简答题(每题10分，共20分)
1综合平衡记分卡制度的基本内容是什么,如何评价,
2制造资源计划(MRP2)内容和特点是什么,
三、论述题(每题35分，共70分)
1试运用管理的权变理论分析企业管理的艺术性和科学性之间的关系。
2试述股票期权制度的激励作用机理、与美国大公司财务丑闻的关系以及我国企业引入股票期权制度应注意的问题。
管理学原理2004年
一、名词解释
1规模经济 2范围经济 3标杆管理 4帕雷托效率准则
二、简答
1.一个组织的有效控制系统的基本特征有哪些,
2.简述领导魅力领导理论的基本要点
三、论述
1.简述你对计算机一体化制造系统与柔性制造系统的认识
2.试比较经济学的“人力资本理论”与管理学的“人本管理理论”对我国企业制度创新和管理创新的指导意义。
企业管理2004年
简答题(每题10分)
1试述母子公司的关系。
2改制分流、主辅分流的重点是什么。
二、论述题(共三题，共80分。
第一题为必答题，40分;第二、三题为选答题，二者必选其一，40分)
1用关系管理理论来论述建立社会责任关系和信用体系的重要性。
2试述“和
而不同”思想在跨国企业文化管理中的作用。
3用新发展观来说明其对中国企业改革的意义。
管理学原理2005年
一、名词解释(每题5分，答案不少于30字)
1、非合作性博弈
2、流通费用
3、全面质量管理
4、新型工业化道路二、简
答(每题10分，答案不少于300字)
1、简述机械式组织和有机式组织的主要差异，各自更有效的条件及其依据。
2、概述托马斯人际关系冲突处理二维模式及其基本内容。
三、论述(每题30分，答案不少于1000字)
1、分析和说明金钱在下列理论中的作用:
A。
需要层次理论 B。
激励保健理论 C。
公平理论
D。
期望理论 E。
具有高成就需要的员工理论
2、简论科学发展观与组织文化的关系。
企业管理2005年
一、简答题(每题10分，共20分)
1(无形资产管理的主要内容是什么,
2(信息时代企业组织变革的基本趋势是什么,
二、论述题(每题40分，共80分。
第1题为必答题，第2、3题任选一题作答) 1(运用现代管理理论论述现阶段中国企业如何构建和谐的新型劳资关系。
2(应用
战略管理理论论述如何促进中国企业持续发展与成长。
3(试以中国大型国有企业
集团公司的“治理”与“管理”为例，论述公司“治理”与公司“管理”的区别与联系。
管理学原理2006年
一、名词:
1、全要素生产率
2、目标设定理论
3、盈亏平衡分析
4、决策树
5、赫芬达尔指数二、简答:
1、行业进入障碍以及如何组织行业进入。
2、管理理性决策理论的局限性及其表现。
三、论述
1、柔性制造系统对于提升组织竞争力的作用。
2、结合我国实践谈企业社会责任与经营绩效的关系
企业管理2006年
一、简答题(每题5分，共20分)
1(供应链管理的基本内容是什么,供应链管理与传统的物流管理的区别是什么, 2(信息时代企业组织的非层级化的主要表现是什么,
3(野中郁次郎的知识管理理论的基本内容是什么,
4(服务营销的内容和特点是什么,
二、论述题(每题40分，共80分。
第1题为必答题，第2、3题任选一题作答，每题不少于1500字)
1(论述如何通过加强企业管理基础工作来促进我国企业建立安全生产的长效机制。
2(试分析影响企业管理科学化进程的主要因素。
3(利用企业界面管理理论分析中国企业创新管理问题。
管理学原理2007
一、名词解释(30分)
1(财产税2(经济租金3(影子价格4(合成指数与扩散指数5(纳什均衡二、简答(30分)
1(成本加成定价法的主要内容
2(市场结构对技术进步的影响
三、论述(40分)
企业管理道德与我国实际的综合分析
企业管理2007年
一、名词解释(20分)
1(复杂性理论2(顾客价值3(计划评审技术4(战略认知理论二(简答(30分) 1(赖利和鲁迈特对多元化经营是如何分类的
2(社会——技术系统的基本理论以及具体实施措施三、论述(50分)
1(用跨国经营战略的基本理论分析我国企业“走出去”问题 2(中国国企改革2003年以来的绩效评价，今后改革与发展的方向
管理学原理2008
一、名词解释(30分)
1(有限理性2(不确定性避免3(市场集中率4(负荷图5(扩散指数二、简答(40分)
1(拉姆齐定价法的内容及适用范围
2(技术对组织结构的影响
三、论述(30分)
标杆管理和全面质量管理(TQM)管理哲学的一致性及其对战略计划的指导意义企业管理2008年
一、名词解释(20分)
1(蓝海战略2(灵捷制造3(鞍钢宪法4(大规模定制二(简答(20分)
1(简述企业流程再造(BPR)的根本目的
2(信息时代企业组织变革的基本趋势
三、论述(60分)
1(论述中国企业改革的成就、基本经验和下一步要解决的问题 2(从经济学和管理学理论分析企业社会责任的动因
2009原理
名词5*6
领导特质、学习曲线、成本加成定价法、恩格尔定律、零基预算简答2*15 核心能力理论与swot分析的战略管理方法的异同管理者为何越来越重视变革与创新
论述40二选一
金融危机形势下的企业兼并动机及效果分析
泰罗制的背景内容及应用分析
2009企业管理
简答2*15
对中国式管理的认识
供应链管理的概念及其内容
论述2*35
金融危机对中国企业的影响用经济学或管理学理论分析企业自主创新的激励政策
2010原理
名词解释5*6
期望理论、动态效率、SCM、衍生需求、进入障碍
简答2*15
人力资源管理过程
差别定价
论述30(二选一)
管理原理分析丰田召回事件企业组织与企业文化的关系2010管理简答2*15
“守旧”与创新的关系
管理理论分析招工难问题
论述2*35
丰田召回事件启示
当前形势下我国工业企业的战略转型。