大学英语专业英国文学史 考试简答题
大学英语复习资料 英国文学常识问答题及答案
英国文学常识问答题(1)答案1、（《贝奥武甫》）被认为是英国的民族史诗。
2、（杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer）的出现标志着以本文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。
3、（杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer）首创英雄诗行，即（五步抑扬格双韵体或英雄双韵体the hero couplet ）,他被称为“英国诗歌之父”。
4、（托马斯·莫尔Thomas More）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的（《乌托邦》Utopia）开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河。
5、英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的作家是（威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare），他的全部作品包括（两首）长诗，（154）首十四行诗和（38）部戏剧。
6、弥尔顿的长诗（《失乐园》Paradise Lost ）和（《复乐园》Paradise Regained）7、约翰·邓恩John Donne和安德鲁·马韦尔Andrew Marvell是（玄学派诗歌）的代表诗人8、亚历山大·蒲柏Alexander Pope 是(新古典主义诗歌)的代表。
9、（乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift）是英国文学史上最伟大的讽刺散文作家。
他的杰作（《格列佛游记》）是一部极具魅力的儿童故事。
10、（塞缪尔·约翰逊Samuel Johnson）是18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擎。
11、丹尼尔·笛福Baniel Defoe 的（《鲁滨逊漂流记》）被认为是现实主义小说的创始之作，为其赢得了“英国小说之父”的称号。
12、（威廉·布莱克William Blake）在诗歌中建立起自己的一套独特的神话体系，具有神秘主义色彩，他的革命性、独创性和复杂性使他成为浪漫主义诗歌的先驱。
英国文学1考试题及答案
英国文学1考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上第一位伟大的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 下列哪位作家被誉为“英国小说之父”？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 亨利·菲尔丁C. 查尔斯·狄更斯D. 乔治·艾略特答案：B3. 《坎特伯雷故事集》的作者是：A. 乔叟B. 斯宾塞C. 雪莱D. 拜伦答案：A4. 莎士比亚的“四大悲剧”中不包括以下哪部作品？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《奥赛罗》C. 《李尔王》D. 《威尼斯商人》答案：D5. 以下哪位诗人不属于浪漫主义诗人？A. 华兹华斯B. 柯勒律治C. 拜伦D. 布朗宁答案：D6. 《简·爱》的作者是：A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 安妮·勃朗特D. 乔治·艾略特答案：A7. 以下哪部作品是现代主义文学的代表作？A. 《荒原》B. 《尤利西斯》C. 《好兵之帅之帅》D. 《到灯塔去》答案：B8. 以下哪位作家是“愤怒的青年”运动的代表人物？A. 金斯利·艾米斯B. 约翰·奥斯本C. 哈罗德·品特D. 艾伦·西利托答案：B9. 《动物农场》的作者是：A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 阿道司·赫胥黎C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 威廉·戈尔丁答案：A10. 以下哪位作家是后现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 托马斯·品钦B. 萨尔曼·鲁西迪C. 伊恩·麦克尤恩D. 朱利安·巴恩斯答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上的“文艺复兴”时期，涌现出了许多伟大的作家，其中被誉为“英国戏剧之父”的是______。
答案：莎士比亚2. 19世纪英国现实主义文学的代表作家查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一是______。
英国文学期末考试题目（英语专业必备）
英国⽂学期末考试题⽬（英语专业必备）⼀．中古英语时期?Beowulf is theoldestpoem intheEnglishlanguage,andthemostimportantspecimen (范例、典范)ofAnglo-Saxonliterature,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlangua ge.Theromance isapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod（中世纪）.Itusesverseorprosetosing knightly adventuresorotherheroicdeeds.GeoffreyChaucer,oneofthegreatestEnglishpoets,whosemasterpiece,TheCanterA.EdmundSpenserB.WilliamShakespeareC.FrancisBaconD.GeoffreyChaucer3.____isnotaplaywrightduringtheRenaissanceperiodonEngland.A.WilliamShakespeareB.GeoffreyChaucerC.ChristopherMarloweD.BenJohnson三．莎⼠⽐亚WilliamShakespeare“Alltheworld'sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”——WilliamShakespeare WilliamShakespeareisconsideredthegreatestplaywrightintheworldandthefinestpo etwhohaswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.Shakespeareunderstoodpeoplemorethananyotherwriters.Hecouldcreatecharactersthathavemeaningbeyondthetimeandplaceo fhisplays.Hisfourtragediesare Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》),Othello(《奥赛罗》),KingLear(《李尔王》)andMacbeth(《麦克⽩》).Shakespeare’s sonnets,154innumber,aretheo nlydirectexpressionofthepoet’sownfeelings;Sonnet18deservesitsfamebecauseitisoneofthemostbeautifullywrittenvers esintheEnglishlanguage诗选Sonnet18A.GeographicalexplorationB.ReligiousreformationC.PublishingandtranslationD.Humanism.3.In“Sonnet18”,Shakespeare_________________.A.Meditateonthedestructivepoweroftimeandeternalbeautybypoetry.B.Satirize(讽刺)human’svanity.C.Predict(预测)theeternityoflove.D.Eulogize(颂扬)thepowerofthebeauty.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementbestillustratesthethemeofShakespeare’sSonnet1 8A.ThespeakereulogizesthepowerofNature.B.Thespeakersatirizeshumanvanity.C.Thespeakerpraisesthepowerofartisticcreation.D.Thespeakermeditatesonman’ssalvation.5.TheRenaissancereferstobetween14th-mid-17thcentury,whichwasunderthereignofQueen___andabsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummit,andinwhichthe’re almainstream(真正的⽂学主流)’was____.A.Victoria/poetryB.Elizabeth/dramaC.Mary/novelGulliver'sTravels,JonathanSwift'sbestfictionalwork,containsfourparts,eachab outoneparticularvoyageduringwhichGulliverhasextraordinaryadventuresonsomer emoteislandafterhehasmetwithshipwreckorpiracyorsomeothermisfortune.相关练习1.Inwhichofthefollowingworkscanyoufindthepropernames"Lilliput","Brobdingn ag",Houyhnhnm"and"Yahoo”A.ThePilgrim’sProgressB.TheFarrieQueeneC.Gulliver’sTravelsD.TheSchoolofScandal2.______isatypicalfeatureofSwift’swritings.A.ElegantstyleB.Causalnarration/doc/786579943.htmlplicatedsentencestructure3.TheHouyhnhnmsdepictedbyJonathanSwiftinGulliver’sTravelsare________.A.horsesthatareendowedwithreason.B.pigmiesthatareendowedwithadmirablequalitiesC.giantsthataresuperiorinwisdom.D.Hairy,wild,lowanddespicablecreatures,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappe arancebutalsoinsomeotherways.五．浪漫主义诗歌（⼀）先驱：RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯，WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克RobertBurns is anationalpoetofScotland,apoetofpeasants,hispoemsarewritteninesthedominantsubjectmatter.A.loveB.manC.natureD.death3.IntheRomanticperiod,____isthemostprosperousliteraryform.A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.play4.RomanticismisaperiodofBritishliteratureroughlydatedfrom__.A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832C.1483-----1546D.1836-----19015.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheEnglishRomanticPeriodare_____andWalterScott. A.WashingtonIrving B.JaneAustenC.HermanMelvilleD.CharlesDickens6.WilliamWordsworth,aromanticpoet,advocatedallthefollowingEXCEPT___.A.theuseofeverydaylanguagespokenbythecommonpeopleB.theexpressionofthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsC.theuseofhumbleandrusticlifeassubjectmatterD.theuseofelegantwordingandinflatedfiguresofspeech7.Thepublicationof“_______”markedthebeginningofRomanticAge.A.DonJuanB.TheRimeoftheAncientMarinerC.TheLyricalBalladsD.QueenMab8.ThemajorrepresentativesofthepoeticrevolutioninEnglishRomanticperiodwereSTheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.我好似⼀朵孤独的流云，⾼⾼地飘游在⼭⾕之上，突然我看到⼀⼤⽚鲜花，是⾦⾊的⽔仙遍地开放。
英国文学试题及答案2(1)(1)(1)
重庆交通大学外国语学院精选课程《英美文学史及选读》样题答案：英国文学部分I、 Multiple Choice. (40%)There are 15 questions in this part. Choose A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet.A 1. Beowulf is a ___ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society.A. paganB. ChristainC. romanticD. lyricB 2.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, acomprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created awhole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely___.A. William Langland’s Piers the PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer ’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower ’s Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC 3. In“ Sonnet 18，Shakespeare” has a profound meditation on the destructivepower of __C___ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .A. death/ lifeB. time / beautyC. death/ loveD. hate / loveC. 4. Which of the following poetic forms is the principle form of Shakespeare’sdrama?A. lyricB. sonnetC. blank verseD. quatrainC 5. Which of the following statements best illustrate the theme of Shakespeare’sSonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man ’s salvation.A 6. Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver ’s Travels?A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. LaputaD. HouyhnhnmsB 7. Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe ?A. It is written in the autobiographical form.B. It is a record of Defoe ’s own experiences.C. Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island.D. It is set in the middle of the 17th century.B.8. Many of Burn s’songs deal with friendship.____ has long become auniversal parting-song of all the English speaking countries.A. A Red, Red RoseB. Auld Lang SyneC. My Heart ’s in the HighlandsD. John Anderson, My JoA9.The Tiger was written by___.A . William Blake B. John KeatsC. William WordsworthD. Percy ShelleyB10. “One short sleep past, we wake eternally”is taken from___A. The Solitary ReaperB. Death be not proudC. To AutumnD. Song to the Man of EnglandA11. _____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.A. Thomas NorthB. Thomas WyattC. George ChapmanD. John FlorioC 12. _____is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art.A. Romeo and JulietB. The Comedy of ErrorsC. HamletD. The TempestC13. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful lovelyrics and the later sacred verses.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John DrydenD 14. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ .What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A. romanticismB. classicismC. realismD. SentimentalismD 15. Which of the following works are not written by Oliver Goldsmith?____.A. The TravellerB. The Deserted VillageC. The Vicar of WakefieldD. The School for ScandalA16. In the 18th century English literature，the representative writer ofneo-classicism is _A___ .A. PopeB. SwiftC. DefoeD. MiltonB17. The __B_ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century .A. RenaissanceB. EnlightenmentC. Religious ReformationD. Chartist MovementB18. Blake ， Wordsworth ， __B__ ， Byron ， Shelley and _________ are the major Romantic poets .A. Coleridage / SoutheyB. Coleridge / KeatsC. Keats / ScottD. Scott / ColeridgeB19. The Canterbury Tales was written in_____A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Current Modern EnglishA20. “The father of English poetry ”is _____.A. Geoffrey ChaocerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis Bacon D Henry Fielding得分II. Fill in the Blanks in the following summary statement according to what you have learnt of British history and literature. (20%)1.Chaucer employed the_ Heroic _couplet in writing his greatest work TheCanterbury tales .2.Shakespeare’s plays have been traditionally divided into four categoriesaccording to dramatic type: histories, _comedies _, tragedies and romances.3. A Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three quatrains and a concluding_couplet .4. John Donne is the founder of the school of_ metaphysical poetry _ . His worksare characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.5.John Milton ’s Paradise Lost opens with the description of a meeting among thefallen angels, and ends with the departure of Adam and _ Eve _from theGarden of Eden.6. Othello,__ Hamlet _ , Kinglear, and Macbeth are the four greatest tragedies ofWilliam Shakespeare.7. Literature can be divided into poetry, fiction/novel and_Drama ____ __.8. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele jointly created _The Spectator _ _.9._ Odes __ are generally regarded as Keats’most important and mature works.10.The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is written by_ Daniel Defoe .得分III. Explain the following literary terms in your own words.(10%)1． Ballad: A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung.2．Tragedy : A literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end.3．Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually written in iambic pentameter. 4．Sentimentalism: A sentimental expression or idea.5．Lyric: A short poem of songlike quality.得分四 . Short AnswersRead the materials first ， and then answer the questions according to the requirements .Remember you should write your answers correctly ， completely and briefly (20%)“ Historiesmake men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.”Questions:1）What kind of rhetorical devices does the sentence used?Analogy ( 类比 )2）Please translate this sentence.读史令人理智，读诗令人灵秀，数学令人周祥，科学令人深刻，伦理学令人隆重，逻辑修辞令人善变。
大学_英国文学史试题及答案
英国文学史试题及答案英国文学史试题及答案(一).Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitive(B)Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales(D)The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval Englishsociety and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________.A.William Langland s Piers PlowmanB.Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury TalesC.John Gowers Confession AmantisD.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(B)Ⅱ. Questions1. What are the features of Beowulf?2. Comment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales.Part Two The English RenaissanceⅠ. Match the writer and his works.1. Thomas More A. Apology for Poetry2. Holinshed B. Miscellany of Songs and Sonnets3. Hakluyt C. Utopia4. Richard Tottel D. Discovery of Guiana5. Philip Sidney E. Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries6. Walter Raleigh F. ChroniclesThe key: (1—C 2—F 3—E 4—B 5—A 6—D)Ⅱ. Choose the best answer.1. _____ founded the Tudor Dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.A. Henry VB. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. James I2. The first complete English Bible was translated by _______, “the morning star of the Reformation” and his followers.A. William TyndalB. James IC. John WycliffeD. Bishop Lancelot Andrews3. The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ____ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interests of the English merchants.A. Henry V.B. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4. Except being a victory of England over ___, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway5. Those, both traders and pirates like ____, established the first English colonies.A. Francis DrakeB. Lancelot AndrewsC. William CaxtonD. William Tyndal6. ____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.A. Ben JohnsonB. William Shakespeare英国文学史试题及答案(二)Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langlands ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte dArthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed, through which, we can see a picture of the life in the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudalC. bourgeoisD. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revoltC. obedienceD. mockery10. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte dArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey13. Chaucers earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the French Roman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact on the wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccios poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices： 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB。
英国文学简史重点汇总及简答题（完整）
英国⽂学简史重点汇总及简答题（完整）英国⽂学简史Conquests & InfluencesA. Early period: The Roman conquest(1) The Roman civilization 罗马⽂明(2) Christianity 基督教(3) Flouring (兴旺) of towns along military roadsB. The English conquest:(1) Three tribes : the Angles, Saxons and Jutes(2) Tribal society-feudalism 社会封建制度C. Medieval period: The Danish and Norman conquest(1) The French-Speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066(2) Establishment of feudalism 封建制度(3) French words came to EnglishD. Anglo-Saxon Poetry (499-1066)1.Anglo-Saxons: the ancestors of today’s Englishmen2.The beginning of history of English literature3.Features: Alliteration 头韵Rhymes metaphors押韵的⽐喻Understatements保守陈述4.The only great work: Beowulf【Beowulf】贝奥武夫( A folk song or poem )1. A national epic (史诗般的作品) of the English people.2. Pagan (异教徒的) poetry & No representative figure(没有代表性⼈物)3. A folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxon from Northern Europe.4. Praises man’s energy, intellect and love of life; and exposes the social vices. (社会的⿊暗⾯)Features of Beowulf: 1.Alliteration 2.Metaphors 隐喻3.UnderstatementsThe significance of Beowulf1.This glorious (辉煌的) epic presents us a vivid picture of the life of Anglo-Saxon people and highly praises the brave and courageous spirit of the fighting against the vices.2.The epic reflects the situations the pagan tribalism (部落⽂化) and of the era of the Christianized (基督教化) feudal society.3.The epic gives the vivid portrayal (写照) of a great national hero, strong andcourageous people and his kinfolk. (亲属)Feudal England1.The chief features of the society was division into two classes: Landlords and peasants. ( 地主和农民)2.The peasants’ rising shook the feudal system in England to the root.The Romance1.The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry (骑⼠精神).2.The English versions of romances were translated from French or Latin.3.The romance of King Arthur is the most important for the history of English literature.4.The romance’s culmination (顶点) in 《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》国王与他的圆桌骑⼠(metrical romance )5.The romance’s summing up in （托马斯·马洛⾥）Tho mas Malory’s《Le Morte D’Arthur》亚瑟王之死(in English prose散⽂)6.《Le Morte D’ Arthur》is a collection of stories about King Arthur, and translated from French by Sir Thomas Malory.【Langland】朗格兰《Piers the plowman》农民⽪尔斯written by William Langland shows the existence of English popular literature.The English Ballads 英国民谣Ballad：a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. （The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.）The various ballads of Robin Hood(罗宾汉) are gathered into a collection called: The Geste of Robin Hood 罗宾汉事迹【Chaucer】乔叟（the founder of English poetry）The three periods of C haucer’s career1. Works translated from French, as《The Romaunt of the Rose》玫瑰传奇2. Works adapted from the Italian, as《Troilus and Criseyde》特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达3.《The Canterbury Tales》坎特伯雷故事集which is purely EnglishThe Canterbury Tales’ Social Significance1. A true-to-life picture of Chaucer’s time2. Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie资产阶级, Chaucer affirms men’s rights to pursue their earthly happiness and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church3. As a forerunner先驱者of humanism, he pr aises man’s energy, intellect and love of life4. Attack social evils of his timeChaucer’s Language，now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master of world-pictures. His verse (诗) is among the smoothest in English. There are pages where, in spite of trifling (微不⾜道的) differences in spelling and grammar, hardly a single word will offer difficulties to a man of tolerable (可容忍的) readingin modern English.Chaucer’s Contribution1. He introduced heroic couplet to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English) , thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language.名词解释1．Alliteration is regular repetition of the same sounds---usu. Initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables----in Old and Middle English verse:’ Kindest to kinsmen and keenest for fame’ in Beowulf Alliteration is also known as ‘initial rhyme’or‘head rhyme’.2．Epic史诗is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.3．Ballad : a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.4．Heroic Couplet：A traditional form for English poetry: it reflects to rhymed iambic pentameter lines in pairs. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Canterbury Tales.Part two：Old English in Transition (P27)1.The New Monarchy 新君主制（the Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy 都铎王朝：君主集中制）2.The Reformation(the Protestant Reformation 新教改⾰；宗教⽂化精神改⾰)3. The English Bible：Then appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James Ⅰ and so was sometimes called the King James Bible. (The result is a monument (不朽的作品) of English language and English literature.)3. The Enclosure Movement (圈地运动)4. The Renaissance (⽂艺复兴) and Humanism （⼈道主义）(1). The Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.(2). People had a thirsting curiosity好奇⼼for the classical literature.(3) People showed the keen interest in the activities of humanity.(4). People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world.5. Humanism is the essence（本质）of the Renaissance.A. The Renaissance, therefore, is a history period in which the Europe humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman catholic church.B. Humanism(1).Humanism emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and theworth of life in this world.(2) .Man is the measure of all things.(3) .Man has ability to perfect themselves, to develop the individual.(4) .Man should enjoy the present life.【Thomas More】托马斯·莫尔1.《Utopia》is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation （dialogue）between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager (航海者).2. The name ‘Utopia’ comes from two Greek words meaning ‘no place’ and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth.The Flowering of English Literature （P38Drama and Prose 散⽂)【Sir Philip Sidney】西德尼Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and critic of poetry.His collection of love sonnets (⼗四⾏诗),《Astrophel and Stella》1591爱星者与星星, His《Apology for Poetry》为诗辩护is one of the earliest English literary essays. It“the school of abuse.”【Edmund Spenser】斯宾塞( The Poet’s Poet of the period )The Shepheardes Calendar 《牧⽺⼈⽇历》1579Spenser’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene 《荣光⼥王》/《仙后》It is an allegorical work（寓⾔作品）dedicated to Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞诗节：A nine-line stanza of 8 lines in iambic pentameter plus an iambic hexameter 6-foot line. ⼀共九⾏诗，前⼋⾏⾏扬格五步⾳，第九⾏抑格六步⾳（abab baba c）Spenser’s position in English literature : Spenser has held his position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets, and his influence can betraced in the works of Milton, Shelley and Keats.【Francis Bacon】培根（famous for his Essays；Of Studies随笔集）The founder of English materialist philosophy. 唯物主义哲学1)his inductive method of reasoning and learning(归纳推理法) proved to be seminaland critically important to the development of modern science and the progress of humankind2)his thought system represented the beginnings of materialism in Englishphilosophy（英国唯物主义哲学）Bacon was the founder of modern science in England.The English version of his part forms his《Advancement of Learning》学问的发展.Then followed his《New Instrument》新⼯具论.A wide variety of subjects: love, truth, friendship, studies, youth and many others.作品⽂风：Clearness, brevity and forceEnglish Drama : the miracles（神迹剧）—the morality（道德剧）—the interlude （幕间剧）—the classical dramaThere was a group of so-called “university wits”⼤学才⼦（Lyly，Peele，Marlowe，Greene，Lodge and Nash）who wrote for the stage of the time.【Marlowe】马洛：the most gifted of the “university wits”works:《Tamburlaine》帖⽊⽿⼤帝《The Jew of Malta》马⽿他岛的犹太⼈《Doctor Faustus》浮⼠德博⼠（Marlowe’s masterpiece）Marlowe was the greatest of the pioneers（拓荒者）of English drama.Marlowe first made blank verse（留⽩：对莎⼠⽐亚影响重⼤）the principal medium of English drama.P55【William Shakespeare】Drama:37四⼤悲剧Great tragedies:《》麦克⽩《King Lear》李尔王《Othello》奥赛罗四⼤喜剧Great comedies: 《A Midsummer Night’s Dream》仲夏夜之梦《The Merchant of Venice》威尼斯商⼈(“grave comedy”) 《As You Like It》皆⼤欢喜《Twelfth Night》第⼗⼆夜In Sonnet 18, he eulogizes the power of artistic creation Blank verse is the principal form of his dramasShakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in total, were first published as a collection in 1609 The Shakespearean or English sonnet rhymed “abab cdcd efef gg”Themes: love、Beauty、mortality、the effects of timeStyle: grace in form, depth in thought, and vivacity in toneFeatures of Shakespeare’s Drama:(1)Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature.(2)Shakespeare was a great master of the English language.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms：the song, the sonnet, the couple, and the dramatic blank verse.(4)Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation.(5)Shakespeare’s long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting.评价：1.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest playwright or poet in the whole world.2.All English writers of any importance cannot escape from Shakespeare’sinfluence.(影响单⼀：⽂艺复兴)【Ben Jonson】本·琼森（他的去世标志着伊丽莎⽩时代的结束）he was the last great Elizabethan and probably the first poet laureate（桂冠诗⼈）and the first literary dictator（⽂学泰⽃）in English history.Roman Tragedies:Sejanus 《席阶纳斯》Cateline 《克蒂琳》Comedies:Every Man in His Humor《个性互异》V olpone, or the Fox 《福尔彭奈，或狐狸》The Alchemist 《炼⾦术⼠》Bartholomew Fair 《巴梭罗缪市集》his reputation as a playwright was established by the success of his first comedy,Every Man in His Humour《个性互异》Jonson’s comedies are “comedies of humours”幽默的喜剧（behaviour, thoughts and manner of speech）In 1616 he published his Works《作品》, the complete collection of his poetrybring the classic form of the tree unities——unity of action, unity of time, andunity of place——back to the stage（把古典的三⼀原则——情节⼀致，时间⼀致和地点⼀致带回舞台）the heroic couplet（英雄双韵体）that he used in the poem was to become atyrannical bogue in the next century, and his emphasis on “nature” the basicprinciple in 18th century literary criticism【King James’ Bible】(最终形成于3世纪初)1)consists of 2 parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament旧约和新约2)The Old Testament: history and religious beliefs of the Jews3)The New Testament: the life of Jesus Christ and the birth and the growth of theChristian faith (创世)4）the authorized bible came into being in 1611【The 17th Century】basic features of the literature of the period:Seek certainty and intellectual harmony on the one hand, and to address thequestion of values through violence and sexualityThe main literary form of the early 17th century was poetry.P116【John Donne】约翰邓恩Metaphysical Poetry/Poe t ⽞学派诗歌/诗⼈Basic features: wit or conceit巧智&奇思妙喻The Flea《跳蚤》Valediction: Forbidden Mourning 《告别》The novelty consists in the comparison of two separate lovers to the legs of acompass圆规【John Milton】约翰弥尔顿The third greatest English poet after Chaucer and Shakespeare, and the greatest to come out of the 17th century.His life can be roughly divided into three phrases:1）The early phase of reading and lyric writing 抒情2）The middle phrase of service in the Puritan Revolution （清教）andpamphleteering（⼩册⼦）for it3）The last phrase of epic writing史诗( the greatest)作品：Two influential writings in Latin:In Denfense of the British People《为英国⼈民辩护》More in Defense of the British People《再为英国⼈民辩护》Paradise Lost《失乐园》：religious work, blank verse；One notable feature of the epic is evident ambiguity in the poet’s attitude toward God, the devil, and man.Samson Agonistes《⼒⼠参孙》：Verse drama, can be seen as objectifying（物化）the poet’s own unflinching spirit ；Samson is Milton.Lycidas《利西达斯》【John Dryden】约翰德莱顿：第⼀位新古典主义作家He was notorious for his frequent face-about in face of the changing politicalclimate of his day.In historical retrospect, Dryden is remembered for 2 things he did admirablywell for his country’s literature.His successful effort to prune the Elizabethan language of its formless exuberance and turn it into a cool, lucid, plain and natural medium for English writing.He was the first Neoclassic writer in English literary history.第⼀位新古典主义作家He made the heroic couplet(英雄双韵体)almost the one poetic medium acceptable for poetry.English literary criticism英语⽂学批评：The father of English criticismH is tragedy All for Love deals with the same story as William Shakespeare’sAntony and Cleopatra.【John Bunyan】约翰班扬When he was in prison he wrote--The Pilgrim’s Progress.《天路历程》is areligious allegory. 宗教寓⾔The Celestial City in The Pilgrim’s Progress is the vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century, through a veil of religious mist.One of the most remarkable passages is that in which Vanity Fair.名利场It is popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible. 《天路历程》被称为“英国⼈的圣经”Chapter 6P127【Neo-classicism】新古典主义：18世纪中期到19世纪盛⾏【Alexander Pope】亚历⼭⼤蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape Of the Lock 《卷发遇劫记》：Mock epic讽刺史诗: of five cantos about “a Homeric struggle of the tea cups”Essay on Men《⼈论》An Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿布斯诺医⽣书》The Dunciad《群愚史诗》P178【Richard Brinsley Sheridan】谢⽴丹：He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century.作品：The Rivals《情敌》The School for Scandal《造谣学校》:a great comedy of mannersa great comedy of manners (风俗喜剧)【Romanticism】浪漫主义P195【William Blake】布莱克pre-romantic writerHis major works, Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》and Songs of Experience《经验之歌》are his voluminous prophetic and mystical writings.天真：The Little Black Boy and The Chimney Sweeper扫烟囱的孩⼦经验：A Little Boy Lost and The Tiger ⽼虎【Robert Burns】罗伯特·彭斯pre-romantic writer （regard as the national ofScotland）His Poems : Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 《苏格兰⽅⾔诗集》Numerous are Burn’s songs of love and friendship ：A Red, Red RoseMain Works：“John Anderson, my Jo ”约翰.安德⽣，我的爱⼈The Tree of Liberty ⾃由树A Red Red Rose⼀朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长My Heart's in the Highland 我的⼼在⾼原P138【Jonathan Swift】乔纳森斯威夫特1) one of the realist writers.2) expresses democratic ideas in his works.3 ) one of the greatest masters of English prose.The Battle of the Books《书战》A Tale of a Tub 《⼀只⽊桶的故事》, one of his greatest satires Pamphlets: The Drapier’s Letters 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal 《⼀个温和的建议》Gulliver’s T ravels 《格列夫游记》：the novel is a bitter satire and harsh criticism of all aspects in the then English and European life philosophically, socially, politically, scientifically, religiously, and morally.Swift: a man intensively critical of his fault, and believing in progress and the goodness of human nature and all the 18th century values.Swif t is one of the greatest masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous.P146【Daniel Defoe】丹尼尔·笛福Pamphleteer 政治宣传册作家Defoe was a kind of jack-of –all-trades. 多才多艺He was a radical nonconformist (不信奉国教的⼈) in religion.His works：Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨孙漂流记》, Captain Singleton , Moll Flanders and Colonel Jacque (adventure)P153【Samuel Richardson】查理孙epistolary novel 书信体⼩说Pamela《帕梅拉》became a “best-seller” of the day .Clarissa is the best of Richardson’s novel.His main achievement as a novelist lies in his technique to show characters as personalities, thinking and feeling for themselves.P156【Henry Fielding】亨利菲尔丁“Father of the English realistic novel”He was the first to give the modern novel its structure and genre (style). Joseph Andrews 《约瑟夫安德鲁斯》The History of Jonathan Wild the Great《伟⼤的乔纳森·王尔德》Tom Jones the Founding《弃⼉汤姆琼斯》H e n r y F i e l d i n g’s m e t h o d o f r e l a t i n g a s t o r y i s t e l l i n g t h e s t o r y d i r e c t l y b y t h ea u t h o r.S a t i r e ab o u n d s e v e r y w h e r e i n h i s w o r k.Fielding is a master of style. His style is easy, smooth and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous.P128【Addison and Steele】The two names linked together because of their life-long friendship and the partnership in literary career.Steele and The Tatler闲谈者Addison and The Spectator旁观者1)They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century. Intheir hands, English essay has completely established itself as a literature genre.2)Literary Term: Free EssayP265【Scott】司各特W a l t e r S c o t t was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. Many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature.O n t h e h i s t o r y o f S c o t l a n dWaverleyOld MortalityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianO n E n g l i s h h i s t o r yIvanhoeO n t h e h i s t o r y o f F r a n c e a n d o t h e r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e sQuentin DurwardP244【Keats】济慈His aesthetic theory of “negative capability”Main Works：Poems，《诗集》，his first book.Five long poemsEndymion,《恩底弥翁》his first long poemIsabella《伊莎贝拉》The Pot of Basil芳⾹的草本植物The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前⼣》Lamia 《莱⽶亚》Hyperion 《赫坡⾥昂》Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Ode To A Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Autumn 秋颂Ode on Melancholy 忧郁颂Ode to Psyche ⼼灵颂Ode on Indolence 懒惰颂【Shelley】雪莱Shelley is one of the greatest English lyrical poets. He expresses his love for freedom and his hatred towards tyranny. Shelley is one of the most important dramatists of English Romanticism. His greatest achievement in theater lies in his poetic drama Prometheus Unbound.His Works：Ode to the West Wind西风颂To a Skylark云雀颂The Cloud云Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗⽶修斯》Queen Mab 麦布⼥王The Masque of Anarchy 《专治魔王的化装游⾏》The Necessity of Atheism《⽆神论的重要性》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》【Byron】拜伦Main Works：Don Juan（Byron’s masterpiece）《唐?璜》Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德?哈罗德游记》When We Two Parted 《昔⽇依依别》She walks in Beauty《她在美中⾏》Poetic Drama:ManfredCainThe Two FoscariOriental Tales：The GiaourThe CorsairLaraB y r o n i c H e r o：a proud revolutionary figure of noble origin, rising single handed against any kind of tyrannic rules in government or religion or moral society with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.His hero is known as “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. . For such a hero, the conflict is usually one of rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions.【Coleridge】柯勒律治In 1797 he began his friendship with Wordsworth. In 1798 they published The Lyrical Ballads.Demonic poems神祗诗The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古⾈⼦吟》Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》ChristabelConversational poems 对话诗Frost at MorningDejection: An OdeEssaysBiographia Literaria ⽂学传记Lectures on Shakespeare.Coleridge is a great Romantic poet. His poetic imagination is unique. He is fond of unusual and supernatural things.【William Wordsworth】威廉·华兹华斯1)L y r i c a l B a l l a d s《抒情歌谣集》f o l l o w e d b y“T h e P r e f a c e t o t h e L y r i c a lB a l l a d s”—s e r v e d a s t h e m a n i f e s t o o f t h e E n g l i s h R o m a n t i c M o v e m e n t i n p o e t r y.2)f a m o u s s h o r t p o e m s：A b o u t n a t u r e：“I w o n d e r e d L o n e l y a s a C l o u d”“独⾃漫游似浮云”，o r“T h eD a f f o d i l s”“咏⽔仙”“I n t i m a t i o n o f I m m o r t a l i t y”“不朽颂”【George Eliot】(Victorian era)She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss , Silas Marner , Middlemarch , and Daniel Deronda , most of themset in provincial England and known for their realism and psychologicalinsight.【Thackeray】1.Thackeray was a representative of critical realists of the 19th century England2.Thackeray is a satirist. His satire is caustic(刻薄的，尖锐的) and hishumor subtle(精妙的).3.Thackeray is a moralist. His aim is to produce a moral impression in all hisnovels.1) The Book of Snobs《势利⼈脸谱》2) Vanity Fair《名利场》(A Novel Without a Hero)3) The History of Pendennis《彭登尼斯》4) The Newcomes《纽克姆⼀家》5) The History of Henny Esmond《亨利?埃斯蒙德》6) The Virginians《弗吉尼亚⼈》P277【Dickens】The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克先⽣外传》Oliver Twist《奥列佛?特维斯特》：FaginNicholas Nickleby《尼古拉斯?尼克尔贝》The Old Curiosity Shop《⽼古玩店》Barnaby Rudge《巴纳⽐?拉奇》American Notes《游美札记》Martin Chuzzlewit《马丁?朱什尔维特》A Christmas Carol《圣诞欢歌》Dombey and Son《董贝⽗⼦》David Copperfield《⼤卫?科波菲尔》Bleak House《荒凉⼭庄》Hard Times《艰难时事》Little Dorrit《⼩杜丽》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》(Dickens takes the French Revolution as the subject of his novel, and the “two cities” are Paris and London in the time of that revolution) Great Expectations《远⼤前程》Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》Dickens’ novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter.【Charlotte Bronte】Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte’s masterpiece, tells the story of an orphan girl.S h i r l e y,《舍丽》V i l l e t t e,《维莱特》【Emily Bronte】Emily Bronte published only one novel, Wuthering Heights .【Jane Austen】简?奥斯丁Works：Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkEmmaNorthanger AbbeyPersuasionRomanticism has five prominent characteristics:1. The Romantic Movement was a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom, which generally tend to fetter the free human spirit.2. Romanticism returned to nature and to plain humanity for its material.3. It is marked by renewed interest in medieval ideals and literature.4. Romanticism was marked by intense human sympathy, an understanding of the human heart. The sympathy for the poor, and the cry against oppression grew stronger.5. The Romantic Movement was the expression of individual genius rather than of established rules.A Comparison Between Byron, Shelley, Keats：1. Under the influence of the ideas behind the revolutions in America,especially in France, all three looked at the world in a new and striking way.Their poetry reflected discontent against outworn tradition and conditions.But their attitudes, resulted from frustrations of their efforts in revoltingagainst the established code and the ugliness of society, are different. Byron turned somewhat pessimistic, even cynical; Keats showed certain aloofness from the interests of worldly life and seemed seeking refuge in an idealistic world of illusions and dreams; only Shelley never lost his optimism. All his life he cherished the hope for a better world.2.All of their poetry excels in imagery. In Byron’s poems, the imagelargely created through allusions; in Keats’s poems they are createdchiefly through elaborate and decorative description of nature, showingthe beauty of line, color, shape, odor and taste; in Shelley’s theexquisiteness of figurative language and symbolism extols 赞美thevisionary scenes, while the spontaneous flow from the poet’s heart isfull of youthful freshness and enthusiasm.3. Their poetry has a powerful musical effect. The stirring rhythms of Byron’s poems grip and hold the reader like martial 战争的music; in Keats’s it is touching melody; Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind is a wild symphony交响乐, and his many other poems are like some ethereal 天上的music, seemly descending from some heavenly place, appealing profoundly to the heart.4.Byron employs a manly and racy有活⼒的style, Shelley’s poetry shows excellence of artistry and the unification of ideas and form; in many aspects, Keats’s the best workman of t hem all. His poetry shows the mastery of artistic form, and the harmony of word and thoughts shows more perfection of artistic finish 完美.Lake Poets 湖畔派诗⼈In English literature Lake Poets refer to such romantic poets as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey who lived in the Lake District. They came to be known as the Lake School or “Lakers”.18～19世纪的英国浪漫主义诗歌流派。
英国文学试题加答案
英国文学史试题Ⅰ. Identification. (15%)1. Identify each writer on the left column with what is written on the right column. (10%)(1) John Lyly a. pre-romanticism(2) William Blake b. impressionism(3) Laurence Sterne c. Angry Young Man(4) Kingsley Amis d. comic epic in prose(5) Joseph Conrad e. historical novel(6) Walter Scott f. University Wit(7) Pamela g. sentimentalism(8) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man h. Oedipus Complex(9) Sons and Lovers i. Künstlerroman(10) The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling j. epistolary novel2. Identify the author with his or her work. (5%)(1) Charles Dickens a. Don Juan(2) E. M. Foster b. Hard Times(3) John Milton c. Mrs. Warren’s Profession(4) Henry Fielding d. The Faerie Queene(5) George Bernard Shaw e. “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”(6) Oscar Wilde f. The Pilgrim’s Progress(7) John Bunyan g. A Passage to India(8) Edmund Spencer h. Paradise Regained(9) Thomas Gray i. Jonathan Wild the Great(10) George Gordon Byron j. The Importance of Being EarnestⅡ. Choose the best answer for each blank. (20%)1. The hero in the romance is usually a .A. kingB. knightC. ChristD. churchman2. Modern English novel, as a product of the 18th century Enlightenment and industrialization, really came with the rising of the class.A. workingB. aristocraticC. bourgeoisD. capitalist3. The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens is written in the form of a novel.A. epistolaryB. picaresqueC. GothicD. psychological4. Which of the following is NOT from Ireland?A. Jonathan SwiftB. Daniel DefoeC. George Bernard ShawD. James Joyce5. is the most accomplished example of medieval romance, dealing with Arthurian romance.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. The Canterbury TalesC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Song of Beowulf6. by Alexander Pope is taken as a manifesto of the English Neo-classicism as Pope put forward his aesthetic theories in it.A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. DunciadD. An Essay on Man7. “Some books are to be tasted, others are to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested” is taken from ’s work.A. Thomas MoreB. Francis BaconC. John BunyanD. Matthew Arnold8. Literature of Neo-classicism is different from that of Romanticism in that .A. the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for politicalrights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationB. the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC. the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as anexpression on an individual’s feelings and experiencesD. the former advocates the “return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Romanwriters for its models9. Which of the following places does Gulliver visit last in Gulliver’s Travels?A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. LaputaD. Houyhnhnms10. defined poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.A. William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. T. S. Eliot11. could be classified to be both a naturalistic and a critical realistic writer.A. Charles DickensB. George EliotC. Thomas HardyD. Emily Brontë12. are Nobel Prize winners.A. James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, D. H. LawrenceB. Rudyard Kipling, T. S. Eliot, John GalsworthyC. W. B. Yeats, James Joyce, Thomas HardyD. Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, James Joyce13. Christopher Marlowe first made the principal instrument of English drama.A. blank verseB. heroic coupletC. free verseD. monologue14. William Langland’s is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. The Faerie Queene15. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from .A. Gulliver’s TravelsB. The Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageD. The Canterbury Tales16. In the chaos of the contemporary world and the despair and despondency among the westerners after the First World War are expressed.A. Ode to the West WindB. I Wandered Lonely as a CloudC. The Waste LandD. Tess of the D’Urbervilles17. Which of the following is NOT true about The Canterbury Tales?A. It is written in the form of a dream.B. Chaucer chose a pilgrimage as the framework for the stories involved in it.C. It is written for the greater part in heroic couplet.D. “The General Prologue” introduces the pilgrims and the time and occasion of the pilgrimage.18. Robert Louis Stevenson is the representative of the literary school .A. aestheticismB. neo-romanticismC. euphuismD. sentimentalism19. Which of the following is a Gothic novel?A. Northanger AbbeyB. The Mysteries of UdolphoC. Tristram ShandyD. Robinson Crusoe20. Which is correct according to the time when they appeared?A. romanticism, neo-classicism, humanism, critical realismB. humanism, neo-classicism, romanticism, critical realismC. romanticism, humanism, realism, naturalismD. realism, critical realism, romanticism, humanismⅢ. Fill in the blanks. (15%)1. wrote under the influence of Scottish folk traditions and old Scottish poetry.2. The slogan of aesthetic literature is .3. The Romantic Age is said to have begun in 1798 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published their joint work .4. In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”, John Donne compares the souls of lovers to .5. A play presents the conflicts between good and evil with allegorical personages such as Mercy, Peace and Hate.6. The narrator in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling is a(n) one.7. is the oldest poem in the English language and also the national epic.8. The dominant influence over modernist poetry came from two traditions: and .9. The three unities followed by neo-classical dramatists are the unity of , the unity of time and the unity of place.10. The most famous English ballads of the 15th century is the Ballads of , a legendary outlaw.11. The Rape of the Lock takes the form of a , which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.12. is usually taken as the Father of English Prose.13. Modernism upholds a new view of time by emphasizing the time over the chronological time.14. written by Charles Dickens is generally taken as a semi-autobiographical novel.Ⅳ. Define the following terms. (16%)1. Omniscient narrator2. Heroic couplet3. Allegory4. Metaphysical poetry5. Naturalism6. Sonnet7. Comedy of manners8. Byronic heroⅤ. Short-answer questions. (24%)1. What are the major themes of modernist literature?2. Analyse the character of Tom Jones in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling.3. What are the essential features of Medieval Romance?4. Name three Romantic poets and state their chief characteristics.5. Make a comparison between the two volumes of William Blake: The Songs of Innocence and The Songs of Experience.6. How many groups does Old English poetry fall into? Briefly explain.7. What are the general features of English Romanticism?8. Make a comparison between James Joyce and D. H. Lawrence.Ⅵ. Essay question. (10%)Write an essay on the following poem so as to demonstrate your understanding as well as your Englishproficiency. You’re expected to write a well-organized essay in about 150 words, with your thesis clearly stated, effectively developed and properly concluded.The Garden of LoveI went to the Garden of Love,And saw what I never had seen:A Chapel was built in the midst,Where I used to play on the green.And the gates of this Chapel were shut,And “Thou shalt not” writ over the door;So I turn’d to the Garden of Love,That so many sweet flowers bore.And I saw it was filled with graves,And tomb-stones where flowers should be:And Priests in black gowns were walking their rounds,And binding with briars my joys and desires.Notes: 1. shalt: shall2. writ: written3. Chapel: 小教堂4. bind: 束缚Part IV. Short questions (20 points).1.What does the story “The Garden Party” tell you about the class system?2.How might the plot structure of “The Dead” best be described?3.The sub-title of “Tess of the D’Urbervilles” is “A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented”. What is youropinion about the heroine?4.Mention one example of symbolism in Tess, and explain.5.What is the symbolic significance of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange in the novel?6.What is the main idea of the poem “The Second Coming”? How does it reflect Yeats’view of thecivilization of his time?7.In what way is the west wind in The West Wind by Shelley both a destroyer and a preserver?8.What are the major themes of Pride and Prejudice? List at least two and elaborate them in a fewsentences.9.What significances have Clarissa attached to her parties?10.What purpose does the rain shower serve in the first act of Pygmalion?Final Examination Paper for Grade 2002History of English LiteratureDate: January 10, 2005Ⅰ. Identification (10%)1. Identify each writer on the left column with what is written on the right column.1) Jonathan Swift A. Neo-romanticism2) John Donne B. Euphuism3) Alexander Pope C. Historical novel4) Anne Radcliff D. Lake poet5) John Lyly E. English satire6) R. L. Stevenson F. Gothic novel7) Walter Scott G. Neoclassicism8) Thomas Gray H. Metaphysical poetry9) Southey I. Epistolary novel10) Pamela J. Sentimentalism2. Identify the author with his or her work.1) William Langland A. Utopia2) Thomas More B. Paradise Lost3) Daniel Defoe C. “Of Studies”4) Francis Bacon D. Piers, the Plowman5) John Milton E. The Faerie Queen6) Byron F. Sentimental Journey7) Laurence Sterne G. Don Juan8) Edmund Spencer H. Mary Barton9) D. H. Lawrence I. Sons and Lovers10) Elizabeth Gaskell J. Robinson CrusoeⅡ.Choose the best answer for each blank. (20%)1. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from .A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Gulliver’s TravelsC. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageD. The Canterbury Tales2. The story of is the highest point of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. The Song of BeowulfC. Piers, the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales3. is the only novel written by Oscar Wilde.A. The Importance of Being EarnestB. The Picture of Dorian GrayC. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. The Picture of a Lady4. was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature .A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Henry HowardD. John Lyly5. eulogized imperialism in his works, esp. in his poems.A. John GalsworthyB. Joseph ConradC. Rudyard KiplingD.E.M. Foster6. English Renaissance Period was an age of .A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. romance and balladD. essay and drama7. The major form of Chcrtist literature is in .A. proseB. dramaC. verseD. novel8. “ Shall I compare thee to a summer’s eay”`is the opening line of one of Shakespeare’s .A. songsB. plays K. sonnets D. tragedies9. In Gulliver’s Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living on .A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. LaputaD. Houyhnhnms10. List the following terms according to the time when they appeareD.A. romanticism , neoclassicism , humanism , critical realismB.humanism , neoclassicism , romanticism , critical realismC.romanticism , humanism , realism , naturalismD.r ealism , critical realism , romanticism , humanism11. wrote under the influence of Scottish folk tradition and old Scottish poetry.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Robert BurnsC. William BlakeD. Geoffrey Chaucer12. first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama in the Renaissance perioD.A. William ShakespeareB. Thomas WyattC. Christopher MarlowD. Henry Howard13. The greatest English critical realist novelist was , who criticized thebourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people .A. Emily BronteB. Charles DickensC. W.M. ThackerayD. Charlotte Bronte14. were made poets Laureates in the 18th and 19th century .A. Wordsworth and BrowningB.Byron and ShelleyC.Keats and BrowningD.W ordsworth and Tennyson15. The principal elements of novel are mystery, horror and suspense.A. GothicB. RomanticC. SentimentalD. Realistic16. English critical realism found its expression chiefly in .A. essayB. dramaC. poetryD. novel17. Which of the following is NOT true about The Canterbury Tales?A. It is written for the great part in heroic couplets.B. It is written in the form of a dream vision.C. Chaucer chose a pilgrimage as the framework for the stories involved in it.D. “The General Prologue” introduces the pilgrims and the time and occasion of the pilgrimage.18. John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is a(n) .A. allegoryB. romanceC. comedy of mannersD. realistic novel19. Friday is a character in the novel .A. Tom Jones, a FoundlingB. Robinson CrusoeC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. Rob Roy20. The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into English literature, the struggle of the for itsrights.A. soldiersB. peasantsC. bourgeoisieD. proletariatⅢ. Fill in the blanks. (20%)1. Old English poetry can be divided into two groups: poetry andpoetry.2. and are the two factors that had large influence on contemporary English literature.3. The slogan of aesthetic literature is .4. Modern English novel is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and a symbol of the growing importance of the English class.5. The Romantic Age began in 1798 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published their joint work .6. “And I will luve thee still, my dear./ Till a’ the seas gang dry.” is taken from the famous poem .7. The central character in a romance is usually a .8. A play is chiefly based on the biblical stories or the stories of the saints.9. is called the father of English poetry.10. It is in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling that Henry Fielding succeeds best in creating a in prose.11. Dickens takes the French revolution as the background of the novel .11. In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”, John Donne compares the souls of lovers to .12. Bacon’s Essays has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English (genre).13. The most important poet in the Victorian age is . Next to him was Robert Browning.14. Three kinds of irony are verbal irony, and .15. Popular ballad is an important stream of English medieval literature. Of all the ballads, those of are of paramount importance.16. The Pickwick Papers takes the form of a novel.Ⅳ. Define the following terms. (12%)1. Epic2. Iambic pentameter3. Intrusive narrator4. Bildungsroman5. Naturalism6. Conceit答案及评分标准Final Examination Paper for Grade 2003History of English LiteratureⅠ. Identification. (15%)1. (10%) f a g c b e j i h d2. (5%) b g h I c j g d e aⅡ.Choose the best answer for each blank. (20%)1-5: B C B B A 6-10: A B C D A11-15: C B A B B 16-20: C A B B BⅢ. Fill in the blanks. (15%)1. Robert Burns2. art for art’s sake3. Lyrical Ballads4. compasses5. morality6. intrusive7. Beowulf8. Metaphysical poetry; French symbolism9. action 10. Robin Hood 11. mock epic12. John Dryden 13. psychic 14. David CopperfieldⅣ. Define the following terms. (16%)1.Omniscient narrator is a third-person narrator, who is not a character in the story. The narrator is “all-knowing”, who can describe and comment on all the characters and actions in the story.2. Heroic couplet is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter.3. Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meaning, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.4. Metaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote ina similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas .5. Naturalism is a post—Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence onthe objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature should be arranged to reflect a deterministic universe in which a person is a biological creature controlled by environment and heredity.6. Sonnet is a verse form of fourteen lines, in English characteristically in iambic pentameter and most often in one of the two rhyme schemes: the Italian(or Petrarchan) or Shakespearean ( or English ).7. Comedy of manners is a kind of comedy representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its humor relies chiefly on elegant verbal wit and repartee. In England, the comedy of manners flourished as the dominant form of Restoration comedy in the works of Etheredge, Wycherley and Congreve. It was revived in a more subdued form in the 1770s by Goldsmith and Sheridan, and later by Oscar Wilde.8. Byronic hero is a character-type found in Byron’s narrative Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He is a boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heathcliff is a later example.Ⅴ. Short-answer questions. (24%)1. The distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.2. Tom Jones is the pattern of the good-natured unheroic hero of the age. He is a very handsome young man of manly virtues: kind, frank, generous, high-spirited, loyal and courageous, but impulsive, wanting prudence and full of animal spirits and sensuality. He represents everyman. (He is of manly virtues and yet not without fault.)3. 1) The hero is usually a knight using sword, who sets out on a journey to seek adventures and accomplish some goal. He is devoted to the church and the king.2) It lacks general resemblance to truth or reality. (liberal use of the improbable or even the supernatural things)3) It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues. (standardizedcharacterization)4) It lays emphasis on the supreme devotion to a fair lady. (Romantic love is an important part of the plot.)4. Wordsworth:the great theme remains the world of simple, natural things, in the countryside or among people.Coleridge: his interest is towards the strange, the exotic, and the mysterious things. Shelley: expresses two main ideas --- the external tyranny is the main enemy; the inherent human goodness will eliminate evil form the world.Byron: example of a personality in tragic revolt against society; prototype of romantic hero. Keats: his poetry is a response to sensuous impressions; cares about beauty.5. The two books hold the similar subject matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ.1) Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings.2) Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone.6. Religious (Christian) poetry and secular (pagan) poetry.1) Religious poetry is mainly on biblical themes and saints’ lives, represented by Caedmon and Cynewulf.2) Secular poetry emphasizes the harshness of the circumstance and the helplessness of humans before the power of fate, represented by Beowulf.7. 1) the emphasis on imagination2) the idealization of nature3) the praise of individualism4) the glorification of the commonplace5) the lure of the exotic8. Both are modernist novelists. James Joyce is interested in technical innovation. He introduced three new techniques into English literature: the use of myth, stream-ofconsciousness and epiphany. Lawrence is interested in the tracing of the psychological development of his major characters and the criticism of the dehumanizing effect of industrialization on human nature.Ⅵ. Essay question. (10%)Part IV. Short questions. (20 points)1.The story shows strict class system, the differences and lack of communication between the rich and thepoor.2.The story is comprised of four episode, which are quite unified with Gabriel’s frustration, and eachepisode witnesses more serious conflict than the previous, thus, it is a climaxing order in terms of structure.3.Tess is a pure woman, although society and other people believed otherwise. She has done nothingwrong. She is seduced, but does not have sex of her own accord with Alec. She is sacrificed to society, yet she has no evil intensions when she go across the threshold of her parents’ and enters the world. She is a victim.4.An example of symbolism would be the ribbon Tess wears at the may day dance, the read spot of bloodon the ceiling at the Herons, Sandbourne, that the landlady sees, the Stonehenge, the black flag at Tess’s hanging, the spoiled milk by garlic, or the dying pheasants Tess sees in the woods.5.a). The two houses embody the two major principles of life in the book: storm and calm. WutheringHeights is located on a hill and is constantly attacked by wild winds. The inhabitants are constantly being torn by strong passions and violence is their natural language. Thrushcross Grange is comparatively sheltered from the wild elements. It is delicate and refined. The people of the Grange are gentle and seek not so much wild sparkle and dance of life. b). They also represent nature and culture.6.The poem expresses Yeats’ thought that modern civilization is in a state of decay, and that a long cycleof history is ending while another is approaching. But the new historical age might be led by a monster.It expresses his disillusionment of the civilization of his time.7.The west wind is both a destroyer and a preserver because it destroys in autumn (blowing the leaves offthe trees and bury them beneath the earth) in order to revive in the spring (the seeds grow and bring new life to the Earth). It marks the cycle of the seasons. It is around this image the poem weaves various cycles of death and regeneration—vegetational, human, and divine.8.marriage and women’s fate, self-acknowledge, manners, virtue and sense of responsibility9.Richard thinks the party childish and he thinks that it is foolish of Clarissa to like excitement in spite ofher heart; Peter thinks her snobbish, liking to have famous people around her. But to Clarissa, the party is an offering, to combine and to create. The parties are her effort to create some human connection and dialogue. She hopes to be remembered even after her death.10.It helps to create a chaotic world of confusion. The crowd gather under the portico to seek shelter; theyrepresent slice of society of people from different social strata. It also provides a opportunity for themain characters to meet in an unlikely circumstance.KeysFinal Examination for Grade 2002History of English LiteratureⅠ. Identification (10%)1. 1) e2) h3) g4) f5) b6) a7) c8) j9) d10) c2. 1) d2) a3) j4) c5) b6) g7) f8) e9) i10) hⅡ.Choose the best answer for each blank. (20%)1—5 : a a b a c 6—10 : b c c d b11—15 : b c b d a 16—20 : d b a b dⅢ. Fill in the blanks. (20%)1. pagan, Christian2. Imperialism, demand for social reform3. art for art’s sake4. (bourgeois) middle5. The Lyrical Ballads6. “A Red Red Rose”7. knight 8. miracle9. Geoffrey Chaucer 10. comic epic11. A Tale of Two Cities12. a pair of compasses13. essay 14. Alfrd Tennyson15. situational, dramatic 16. Robin Hood17. picaresqueⅣ. Define the following terms. (12%)1.Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. The two most famous English epics are Beowulf and John Milton’s Paradise Lost.2.Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.3.Intrusive narrator: an omniscient narrator who, in addition to reporting the events of a novel’s story, offers further comments on characters and events, and who sometimes reflects more generally upon the significance of the story.4.Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation, development, and education of a young person. Examples are Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.5.Naturalism: a post--Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature should be arranged to reflect a deterministic universe in which a person is a biological creature controlled by environment and heredity.6. Conceit: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.。
英国文学史及选读试题及答案
第1页 英国文学史及选读试题Ⅰ. Multiple Choice （1′×20=20分）分）1. ______ was respected as ______ was respected as ““father of English poetry father of English poetry”” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.A.William ShakespeareB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. John MiltonD.John Donne 2. In terms of influence upon England, ____ brought French civilization and French language to England.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. RomansC. Anglo-NormansD. Teutons 3. According to Thomas More, “it was a time when sheep devoured men it was a time when sheep devoured men””. It refers to____.A. IndustrializationB. Religious ReformationC. Commercial ExpansionD. Enclosure Movement 4. It was ____who introduced sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Edmund SpenserD. Philip Sidney 5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare 5. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare’’s tragedies?A. HamletB. King LearC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Othello 6. In 1649 ____ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.A.James IB. Henry VIIIC. Elizabeth ID. Charles I 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong?A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry.B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit.C. John Donne usually employs traditional and regular poetic form.D. His attitudes toward love are both positive and negative.8. Friday in The Adventuous of Robinson Crosue can be termed as EXCEPT____.A. a kind-hearted personB. a person with colonial mindC. a smart personD. a friendly person 9. Thomas Gray is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. RomanticismD. English Renaissance 10. William Blake 10. William Blake’’s ____is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world,though not without its evils and sufferings.A.Poetical SketchesB. The Book of ThelC. Songs of ExperienceD. Songs of Innocence 11. ____, the national peasant poet in Scotland, and his poem____ shows his passionate love for his Beloved.A.William Blake, LodonB. William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a CloudC. Robert Burns, A Red, Red RoseD. Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne 12. English Romanticism begins with____ and ends with____.A. the publication of Lyrical Ballads , John Keats , John Keats’’s deathB. French Revolution, Walter Scott ’s deathC. the publication of Lyrical Ballads , Walter Scott , Walter Scott’’s deathD. Industrialization, John Keats D. Industrialization, John Keats’’s death 13. ____ are named as Lake Poets and Escapist Romanticists.A. Wordsworth, Shelley and KeatsB. Wordsworth, Byron and ShelleyC. Wordsworth, Coleridge and ShelleyD. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey 14. Which of the following statement is NOT correct?A. Romantic literature is decidely an age of poetry.B. Dramma was fully developed during the Romantic period.C. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeoise society.D. Romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works.15. ____ was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in latter English fiction.A. Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC. Charles DickensD. Jane Austen16. King ____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, which is knownas Religious Reformation.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID.Elizabetha I17. ____ was honored as Poet Laureate.A. ByronB. P. B ShelleyC. John KeatsD. William Wordsworth18. John Milton’’s Paradise Lost is based on the story of ____.18. John MiltonA. Greek MythologyB. Roman MythologyC. Old TestamentD. New Testament19. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties_____A. the Whigs and the ToriesB. the Senate and the House of RepresentativesC. the upper House and lower HouseD. the House of Lords and the House of Representatives20.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by __.A. William WordsworthB. P. B. ShelleyC. George ByronD. John KeatsⅡ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chinese into English) （1′×10=10分）1．iambic pentameter 2. heroic couplet 3. antagonist 4. soliloquy 5. sonnet6. 无韵体诗诗节 10. 清教主义铺垫 9. 诗节清教主义 无韵体诗 7. 民谣民谣 8. 伏笔, 铺垫III. Identify the author and title of the literary work (2′×5=10分)1.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.2.Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logicand rhetoric, able to contend.3.All is not lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?4. Till a’’ the seas gang dry, my dear,4. Till aAnd the rocks melt wi’’ the sun:And the rocks melt wiI will love thee still, my dear,While the sands o’’ life shall run.While the sands o5. And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodilsIV. Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, the features and representative figures or significance) (5′×4=20分)1. English Renaissance2. English Enlightenment3. Pre-Romanticism4. Metaphysical PoetryV. Interpreting the following texts (20′×2=40分)Text 1The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’’er the lea,The lowing herd wind slowly oThe plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. (stanza 1)The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,The swallow twittering from the straw-bulit shed,The cock’’s shrill clarion, or the echoing horn,The cockNo more shall rouse them from their lowly bed. (stanza 5)Questions:1. Identify the author and the title of this poem (2分)2. Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved) (3分)3. Explain the underlined words (4分)4. What is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it? (3分)5. Stanza 5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples. (6分)6. Point out the rhetorical devices in the above poem (2分)Text 2I wander through each chartered street,Near where the chartered Thames does flow,And mark in every face I meetMarks of weakness, marks of woe.In every cry of every man,In every infant's cry of fear,In every voice, in every ban,The mind-forged manacles I hear.How the chimney-sweeper's cryEvery blackening church appals;And the hapless soldier's sighRuns in blood down palace walls.Questions:1. Explain the underlined words. (5分)2. Identify the poetic form (3分)3. This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines? (4分)and ““Mind-forged manaclesMind-forged manacles””? (4分) chartered street and chartered Thames”” andUnderstand ““chartered street and chartered Thames4. Understandsoldier’’s sighs sigh””. (4分)and ““soldier5. Please analyze the images ofPlease analyze the images of ““Chimney-sweeperChimney-sweeper”” and英国文学史及作品选读（模拟试题一）参考答案英国文学史及作品选读（模拟试题一）参考答案Ⅰ. Multiple Choice1.__B__2.___C_3.__D__4.__A__5.__C___6.__D__7.__C__8.__B__9.__A__ 10.__D___11.__C__ 12.__C__ 13.__D__ 14.__B__ 15.__D__16.__B__ 17.__D__ 18.__C__ 19.__A__ 20.__B__Ⅱ. Translate the following literary terms (English into Chinese and Chineseinto English)1.抑扬格五音步抑扬格五音步2. 英雄双韵体英雄双韵体3.反面人物反面人物4.独白独白5.十四行十四行6.blank verse7.ballads8.foreshadowing 9. stanza 10. PuritanismIII. Identify the author and title of the literary work1. William ShakespeareSonnet 18 2. Francis Bacon Of Studies3. John MiltonParadise Lost 4. Robert BurnsA Red, Red Rose 5.William Wordsworth I Wandered Lonely as a CloudIV . Define the following literary terms (Each term should include the time, thefeatures and representative figures or significance)1.English RenaissanceIt sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It made its appearance in England in the 16th and 17th centuries. It means the rebirth of Greek and Roman culture. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another one is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English Reanaissance.2. English EnlightenmentThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as theEnlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempt to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual needs and requirements of people. English enlighteners differed in some way from those of France “cleared the minds of men for the coming revolution,revolution,””the English enlighteners set no revolutionary aims before them. They stove to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideas with the bourgeois ideology. The representatives are Joseph Addison, Richard Steele (essayists), Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift (novelists), and Alexander Pope (poet).3. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18thcentury, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-Romanticism in poetry. William Blake and Robert Burns are the representatives.4. Metaphysical PoetryMetaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wroteunder the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the leading figure of the fantasticality in form. John Donne is the leading figure of the “metaphysical school.”“metaphysical school.”V . Interpreting the following textsText 11.Thomas Gray Elergy Written in a Country Churchyard2. Examine the poetic form (rhyme, foot and meter should be involved)ˇThe `cur/ˇfew `tolls/ ˇthe `knell/ ˇof `par/ˇting `day,/a The lowing herd wind slowly o The lowing herd wind slowly o’’er the lea,b The plowman homeward plods his weary way, aAnd leaves the world to darkness and to me.b It is written in iambic pentameter, rhymed abab3. Explain the underlined wordsCurfew: evening bell lea: meadow plods: walks with heavy steps lowly bed: grave4.What is the tone in stanza 1? How does the poet achieve it?Tone: gloomy and melanconythrough imagery, long vowels and diphthongs 5.Stanza 5 involoves rich imagery, please classify them and give examples.Visual image: strw-built shedAuditory image: cock’’s clarion, echoing hornAuditory image: cockTactile image: breezy call6.Point out the rhetorical devices in the above poemTransferred epithet and EuphemismText 26. Explain the underlined words.Chartered: possessed as the private property marks; signs ban: ProhibitionAppals: shocks hapless: unfortunate7. Identify the poetic formIt is written in iambic tetrameter, rhymed abab.ˇI `wan/ˇder `through/ ˇeach `char/ˇtered `street,/ˇNear `where/ˇthe `char/ˇtered `Thames/ ˇdoes `flow/8. This poem is the mightiest brief poem, how does William Blake convey the mighty lines?Parallelism and repetition every is repeated five times in stanza 2and ““Mind-forged manaclesMind-forged manacles””?Understand ““chartered street and chartered Thameschartered street and chartered Thames”” and9. Understandchartered street and chartered Thames show the outlook of English bourgeoisie, their extreme greedMind-forged manacles mean that people under political white terror, they are bonded physically and mentally. They have no freedom in their mind.soldier’’s sighs sigh””.and ““soldierChimney-sweeper”” and10. Please analyze the images ofPlease analyze the images of ““Chimney-sweeperChimney-sweeper: to expose the hypocrisy of the churchSolider’’s sigh: they are forced to fight for their country, but their blood runs along the palace wall.SoliderThe war is full of cruelty. So they give the sigh。
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PartⅤ The 17th centuryThe Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Donne1 What are the characteristics and representatives of the English literature of the revolution period, the metaphysical period and restoration period?A.The revolution period, Puritans believed in simplicity of life and disapproved ofthe sonnets and the love poetry, and they influence in general tended to suppressed literary art.Representatives：John Milton，John BunyanB.The metaphysical （玄学派）period, the style became spiritual gloom. Representatives：Donne and Herbert；John MiltonC．The restoration period, the literary was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical.Representatives：John Dryden2 In “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《告别：莫忧伤》”, why does the speaker forbid mourning when his going to pass away and leave his lover? Why and what are the two conceits （比喻）that he uses to describe their perfect love?A.Although they may leave each other, yet they love is firm and forever, and soul lovers cannot be separated by distance and death. Besides，death is natural just like earthquake.B. First conceit（like gold to airy thinness beat）, their souls are like gold, it can expand and their love still exit.Second conceit(as stiff tein com, they are like compasses are two), one moving and anther stay and wait for the companion.3 In “Death be not proud”(死神莫骄妄), what will happen to us when we die？why does the speaker say that “death should not be proud”? When will death die?A. It will be rest and sleep flow with much pleasure when we die，and our souls will be released.B.Because it is a slave of fate, chance, kings and desperate man and death is together with poison,war,sickness and opium or charms. And these things can make us sleep like the death, and the effect is better than death. Death for people is a soul’s delivery, and after death people will feel free and pleased. Although people die, yet they wake eternally, and their souls are exiting forever.C.When people’s short sleep past, people wake eternally, and death n o longer exist and death will die.John Milton1 In what way is John Milton a staunch(坚定的)revolution fighter and a great poet?A.When he was in Italy, he heard the trouble sprung up in England, and he gave up his plan for travelling and went back to England. After he return to England, he opposed the monarchic party and gave all his energy to the writing of pamphlets小册子dedicated to the people’s liberties.B.After finishing the university course，he thought he was born to be a poet.So for five years he lived at home in his father’s country house at Horton about 20 miles from London,writing poetry and studying hard,in order better to fit himself for his work.He worked for 7years upon Paradise Lost.And he also wrote Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.The three works made him a great poet.2What is the theme of Paradise Lost ?What is the basic idea of Paradise Lost? Theme:The basic idea:the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom.3 In Paradise Lost, why was Satan punished by God driven out of heaven and at last into hell? What did he want to do for revenge? And what was his reason? What is the allegorical meaning of the poem?A.Because Satan led the mutinous(反叛的) angels to rise against God himself but inthe battle with the hosts of angels that remained true to God, they were finally defeated.B.Satan wanted to ruin God’s precious creation (man).C.So he wanted to tear Adam and Eve away from the influence of God and to makethem instrumental in his struggle against God’s authority.D.God represents authority and tyranny on earth,he has strong rights to controlanything .Satan represents the power of revolting against authority and desire for freedom.3 In the Sonnet On His Blindness, what is the double meaning of “talent”? What is “mine” question? And what is the answer given by patience? What is the theme of the Sonnet?A.The “talent” means :ability and a kind of currency unitB.Question is that God does not give us light, and why I will bear it?(‘Doth Godexact day-labor,light denied?’)C.Patience answers that God does not need gift, and go and climb without rest orstand and wait is also a service.(‘God doth not need either man’s work or his own gifts;who best bear his mild yoke,they serve him best)D.Theme:If you have talents,you should make full use of it. and your pain will bediminished and you will be peaceful and calm.You can use your talent to live a meaningful life.John Banyan1 What is “allegory”? In what way is Banyan The Pilgrim’s Progress is allegory? What are the literal meaning and symbolic meaning of the work?A.Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which the characters, actions or settingsrepresent abstract ideas general truth or moral qualities, and a story that has two meanings, literal and symbolic.B.The literal meaning: Christian’s pilgrimage from the city of Destruction to theHoly CityThe symbolic meaning:religious people,people should follow Christian’sexample.And it reflects the society and culture.2 In the part Vanity Fair, what is the Vanity Fair? What are sold and brought atthe VF? What do Christian and his companion Faithful want to buy? How are they treated as a fair? What is the meaning of this excerpt?A.Vanity fair is a name of a town and there is a fiar kept.B.Everything in vanity is can be sold and brought,such asjouses,ladns,trades,places…….C.Christian and his companion want to buy “truth”D.They was mocked and taunted,and were taken and beaten by the people in thevanity.And the people in fair besmeares(玷污) them with dirt,and put them with dirt,and put them into the cage.E.“Vanity”means emptiness or worthlessness,and hence the fair is an allegory ofthe worldliness(俗气) and the corruption of the religious life through theattractions of the world.And Banyan described the world that lost truth and were full of selfishness and corruption.PartⅥ The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandDaniel Defoe1 What does Enlightenments Movement mean? What do you know about the English literature of the Enlightenment?The Enlightenments Movement on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisies against feudalism.Nearly all writers frequented the coffeehouses and matters discussed there became subjects of literature. And the literary leaders emphasized formality or correctness of style. The reign of classicism is Addison, Steele, and Pope, and their verse became the ambition of aspiring young authors. Beside, the modern novels became popular: realist, psychological, satirical and sentimental novels. And the revival of romanticism or pre-romanticism.2 What story does the novel Robinson Crusoe tell? What is the theme and style? Why do we say that Robinson Crusoe is the representative of the raising bourgeois?The story is about Robinson was lost in an island, and he was alone and finally survive.The theme: a man’s struggle against nature for survival by self-reliance and man’s determination to improve his livelihood by labor.The style: simple, direct, fact-based story and characterization and smooth, easy and colloquial language.Robinson is fighting with difficulties and does not give in, and he struggles against nature for survival. Just like the enterprising Englishman fighting the survivals of feudalism and develop the bourgeois relations.Jonathan Swift1 What kind of writer is JS?What are his major works?A.JS is a supreme master of devastating satire.( He was a posthumous (遗腹子)child,and people looked upon him as a servant, he had a bitter, unhappy early life. After he entered the strife（争斗）of party politics, he soon became a veritable（名副其实的）dictator, and he was courted and flattered, and he was arrogant. But when the Tories went out of power his position was uncertain, and the last years he was anguish and grief. )B.Major works:The tale of a Tub ,The battle of the Books, Gulliver’s Travels2 How many past does Gulliver travelers consist of? What satirize in the novel? Include four parts, the voyage, the Brobdingnag, the flying island and the Houyhnhnms.The story is an immortal classic of satire, a penetrating anatomy of human nature揭露人性丑恶, and a satirical description of the vices of his age.2What are the structure ,the significance and the style of it?见笔记3 What are Gulliver’s experien ces in Lilliput and Brobdingnag described in the selecting readings?A.In Lilliput, Gulliver is shipwrecked, and the Lilliputians bind the sleeping Gulliverhand and foot. Gulliver has to convince them, then he goes to the war but theofficials conspire against him and charge him with high treason. Finally, Gulliver escapes in a boat and goes back to England.B.In Brobdingnag, people are good-natured and they treat Gulliver kindly, theylook him as a plaything. And the king often interrogates Gulliver on European affairs. At last, the travelling-box takes him to the seashore, and he was picked up by a English trip.PartⅦ The Age of EnlightenmentJoseph Addison1 What is the Addison’s contribution to the two papers The Tatler and The Spectator?Addison was a better writer than Steele and he made The Tatler a great success, and he also helped with the anther newspaper. Addison gave many ideas and thoughts to the two papers and made the paper become very and interesting and popular.2 What are the poems contain form and style on the two papers?The form is little and familiar essays.The style is clean, wholesome, gentle humor, courtesy and good breeding.Henry Fielding1 What are the m ajor features of Henry Fielding’s novels?Criticism of social relations, hypocrisy and lack of spirituality, and vivid positive and negative characters, besides, direct, vigorous, hilarious, coarse and realistic style.2 What good quality does Tom Jones display in chapter 20 of book4 and chapter 14 of book 12?Tom was brave and kind, when Sophia was in dangerous, Tom saved her and got hurt, but he cared about nothing but Sophia’s health, although he was hurt, he also thought about others not himself. And in another story, Tom was clever and friendly, he would like to help other people, even it may be put him in danger.Thomas Gray1 In the poem Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓畔哀歌》, what are the contents of the poem?what are the poet thoughts and feelings about the dead buried in the churchyard? How does he describe grooms in the poem?A.见笔记本B.He shows his respect，praise and symapthy for the poor and the ordinary,but mocksthe great ones who despise(鄙视) the poor and bring havoc（骚乱）on them.C.The author selects natural phenomena to reflect the mood and display the emotion of man借情抒景，寓情于景P250William Blake1 In the poem The Tiger, what is the Blake feeling about the tiger? What is his feeling about the Maker of tiger? What does he want to say by asking the question’did he who made the lamb made thy’? does he ask about God and about the order of nature and the social order in reality?A.To the poet, the tiger means power and strength, and it makes people scared andfrightened.B.He is praising the skill and courage of the maker of the tiger.So the Marker isgreat.Symbolically,Blake is praising the French Revolutin and the violentrevolutionary forces.C.The poet is confused, the Marker have made tiger already, why then created thelamb. The tiger id ferocious ,violent and powerful,but the lamb idpeaceful,innocent and midl.But the maker create them both,which symbolizes the disordered society.There are the rich and the poor.And the poor is deprived by the rich.2 In the poem The Chimney Sweeper, is the chimney sweeper happy?what is the little CS fate? Who are responsible for his sad fate?A. No, he is not happy,although the little chimney sweeper was positive and believed that everything will be fine.B. His fate is to die because of the harsh condition.C.Parents make their children be a tool to earn money, and do not protect them, but the God, the Priest and the King do not help those children.Robert Burns 彭斯1In the poet My Heart’s in the Highlands, where is the speaker now? Where is his heart? Why does he have such a strong love for highlands?A.He is not in his homeland.B.His heart is in the highlands,in his homeland.C.Because highlands mean the birthplace of valour (勇气),the country of worth, andeven the birthplace of him,he compliment his country and show his strong love and homesickness for his home.2In A Red, Red Rose, how does the speaker describe this love’s loveliness? How does he describe his deep love for her?A.He uses simile(明喻) and metaphor(暗喻). He describes his love as red rose.B.In the second part of the poem the speaker uses seas, rocks, sun and sands tometaphor his deep love. He also uses overstatement(夸张手法).。