国际贸易 第12_17章
国际贸易 Sec12
多边主义、区域主义、单边主义
图12.3 上报WTO/GATT的区域自由贸易协定数目, 1949 -1998
数据来源：WTO (世界贸易组织)
单边主义(unilateralism)
指举足轻重的特定大国，不考虑大多数国家和 民众的愿望，单独或带头退出或挑战已制订或 商议好了的维护国际性、地区性、集体性和平、 发展、进步的规则和制度，并对全局或局部的 和平、发展、进步有破坏性的影响和后果的行 为与倾向。 单边主义的本质是无视甚至破坏现有的集体性 的规则和制度。
自由贸易区其他好处
自由贸易区增加了区域内的竞争，并且降低了 价格从而导致福利的增加
自由贸易区增加了区域内的竞争，从而降低了 生产的成本 自由贸易区增加了市场的规模，使得规模经济 成为可能 自由贸易区将增加对区域内的投资
区域经济一体化是当前世界经济发展的重要潮流。各国 签订各种区域贸易协定本质上是基于区域经济一体化中 贸易创造与贸易转移效果带来的经济持续发展效果。区 域经济一体化的一个重要特征，是在区域成员国之间， 相互取消商品贸易的障碍，而降低关税和减少非关税壁 垒，导致产生贸易创造效应。 事实上，区域经济合作不但不能阻止贸易保护主义，相 反，有形与无形的保护主义在衍生着，种种保障措施、 反倾销措施、反补贴措施、绿色贸易壁垒、技术贸易壁 垒不断增加，随着自由贸易区的增加和扩大，产品由向 一国出口转而向另一国出口的现象十分常见，成为国际 贸易中的一种常态，影响到一国的出口和整个国际经济 秩序和国际贸易自由化的目标。
欧洲经济一体化对经济贸易的可能影响
1、对商品市场的影响。 “贸易创造”部分来自专业化分工和比较优势的 发挥，另一部分来自市场扩大带来的“规模经 济”。 “贸易转移”是一些非成员国产品仍有关税和非 关税壁垒而失去竞争能力，不得不退出欧盟市场。 2、劳动力和资本市场所受影响。 劳动力和资本作为特殊商品也有“贸易创造”和 “贸易转移”：欧盟内的资本和劳动力会通过自 由流动而获得更有效合理的利用；另外，非成员 国的劳动力和资本可能会在某种程度上失去竞争 优势而被排挤出欧走共同体市场。
第12章国际贸易实务实验案例
发盘操作
操作要求 请根据客户来函要求，写一封发盘信函电，
告知对方基本交易条件。发盘有效期为十天。 交易的基本条件：保险按发票金额加成 10%投保一切险及战争险；支付方式为即 期信用证。装运期为六月底前装运。
发盘操作
229.18
231.47
T503
white
110×100× 50
135
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206.71
229.18
231.47
Terms of Packing: 4DOZ in one carton and then in 20’container. Terms of Shipment: before the end of May. Terms of Payment: L/C payable by draft at sight. Terms of Insurance: for 110% of the invoice value, against All Risks & War Risk as per P.I.C.C. dated 01/01/1981. Our quotation remains valid for ten days. We are looking forward to your favorable news. Yours sincerely, Tom Wang Sales Manager
金率-预期利润率） ＝[(1107.6923+23.7222)/(1-3%-
6%)]/6.15 ＝1131.4145/0.91/6.15 ＝202.16美元/打
还价核算操作
CFRC3＝（实际成本+国内费用+出口运费）/（1-佣金 率-预期利润率）
《国际贸易》课后习题第17章
精品行业资料，仅供参考，需要可下载并修改后使用！《国际贸易》课后习题第十七章第17章一、选择题1、总需求曲线（D）。
A当其他条件不变时，政府支出减少时会右移；B当其他条件不变时，价格水平上升回左移；C当其他条件不变时，税收减少会左移；D当其他条件不变时，名义货币供给增加会右移。
2、若价格水平下降，则总需求（A）。
A 增加；B 减少；C 不变；D难以确定。
3、当价格水平下降,总需求曲线（C）。
A向左移动；B向右移动；C不变；D难以确定。
4、扩张性财政政策对总需求的影响是（AD）。
A同一价格水平对应的总需求增加；B同一总需求水平对应的价格提高；C价格水平提高，总需求增加；D价格水平提高，总需求减少。
5、扩张性货币政策的效应是（BC）。
A价格水平提高；B总需求增加；C同一价格水平上的总需求增加；D价格水平下降，总需求增加。
6、松货币紧财政的政策搭配能使总需求曲线（D）。
A向左移动；B向右移动；C不变；D难以确定。
7、松财政紧货币的政策搭配能使总需求曲线（）D。
A向左移动；B向右移动；C不变；D难以确定。
8、水平区域的劳动供给曲线表示（A）。
A工资不影响劳动供给；B工资对劳动供给影响最大；C劳动供给不影响工资；D劳动供给对工资影响最大。
9、总供给曲线向上移动的原因是（C）。
A工资提高；B价格提高；C技术进步；D需求增加。
10、在水平总供给曲线区域，决定产出增加的主导力量是（B）。
A供给；B需求；C工资；D技术。
11、在水平总供给曲线区域，决定价格的主导力量是（A）。
A供给；B需求；C产出；D以上均正确。
12、在垂直总供给曲线区域，决定价格的主导力量是（B）。
A供给；B需求；C产出；D以上均正确。
13、根据总供求模型，扩张性财政政策能使价格水平（A）。
A提高；B减少；C不变；D难以确定14、根据总供求模型，扩张性货币政策能使价格水平（A）。
A提高；B减少；C不变；D难以确定。
15、若扩张总需求政策的产出效应最大，则表明总供给曲线是（A）。
国际贸易理论与实务 各章复习题参考答案
《国际贸易实务与案例》教材复习题参考答案第一章绪论复习题一、判断题1．√；2．√；3．√；4．×；5．√二、单项选择题1．A；2．D三、简答题1．国际贸易与国内贸易的不同点主要体现在哪些方面？答：主要体现在以下5点：1．语言环境不同国内贸易在一个法定语言环境下进行商品交易，基本没有语言障碍。
由于各国法定语言不同使国际贸易首先遇到的困难就是语言问题，由于历史的原因，为了各国交易者之间沟通的便利，英语就成为了国际贸易的通用语言。
国际贸易工作者必须通晓国际贸易实务英语语言。
2．法律环境不同国内交易处在同一个法律框架之下，交易双方遵循共同的法律准则。
由于各国（地区）有自己独立的立法权，各有自己的法律规范，交易各方均不得违背自己国家的法律。
这给国际贸易带来了法律方面的障碍，为了解决这个问题，联合国等权威组织和国际商会等民间机构出台了有关的国际公约和国际惯例，如《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》、国际商会《跟单信用证统一惯例》等。
因此，国际贸易所使用的法律规范更多，更为广泛。
3．货币不同国内贸易一般必须使用本币进行交易，这是一个法定货币所规定的。
国际贸易则需要使用二十几种国际通行货币，这些货币一般是自由兑换货币。
也就是说，绝大多数国家在对外贸易中不能够使用本币，而要使用外币。
这对该国参与国际贸易的企业来说，不仅要将本币兑换成外币，而且要承担着汇兑风险。
也就是国际贸易比国内贸易多出了一块风险，即汇兑风险，也称外汇风险或汇率风险。
4．度量衡不同国际上常用的有四大度量衡制度，即公制、美制、英制和国际单位制，各国通常根据自身情况选择一种作为本国度量衡制度。
而国际贸易的出口方所提供的货物不能仅仅按照自己的度量衡来加工，而要按照进口国的度量衡加工，以方便进口国用户使用。
5．政策障碍多各国政府常因保护国内产业和资源的原因，而对进出口货物采取各种各样的限制或鼓励措施，如关税、配额、许可证、出口补贴、出口信贷、繁琐的进出口通关环节等等，而国内贸易则不采用这些措施。
国际贸易选择题完整版附答案
国际贸易选择题完整版附答案第⼀章国际贸易概论第⼆章国际贸易的利益单选题：1.通常所说的国际贸易额是指（）。
A 世界出⼝总额B 世界进⼝总额C ⼀国进出⼝总额D 国际贸易量2.某年世界出⼝贸易额为3.5万亿美元，进⼝贸易额为3.7万亿美元，服务贸易额为7000亿美元，当年国际贸易总额为（）万亿美元。
A 7.9B 3.5C 7.2D 3.73.以⼀定时期不变价格为标准计算的国际贸易额可以反映国际贸易的实际流量，是因为（）。
A 它以商品计量单位表⽰B 它以货币⾦额表⽰C 它只计算有形贸易D 它剔除了价格变动的影响4.经济发展⽔平不同的国家之间进⾏的国际分⼯是（）。
A 替代型国际分⼯B 混合型国际分⼯C ⽔平型国际分⼯D 垂直型国际分⼯5.⼀国经济发展⽔平越⾼，在它的出⼝商品结构中（）所占的⽐重通常也越⼤。
A 初级产品B ⼯业制成品C ⼯业原料D 都不是6. 开放贸易给购买进⼝商品的消费者带来的收益的绝对值（）。
A ⼤于该种商品的国内⽣产者的损失B ⼩于该种商品的国内⽣产者的损失C 等于该种商品的国内⽣产者的损失D 不可度量多选题：7.反映国际贸易地理⽅向的指标有（）。
A 各国的出⼝额占世界出⼝总额的⽐重B 各国的进⼝额占世界进⼝总额的⽐重C 各国的制成品出⼝额占世界出⼝总额的⽐重D 各国的制成品进⼝额占世界进⼝总额的⽐重E 各国的进出⼝总量占世界进出⼝总量的⽐重8.第⼆次世界⼤战后，世界各国统计商品进出⼝额时，⼀般对（）。
A 出⼝商品按离岸价计算B 出⼝商品按到岸价计算C 进⼝商品按离岸价计算D 进⼝商品按到岸价计算E 进出⼝商品均按到岸价计算9.按参加分⼯各国的经济发展⽔平来分，国际分⼯可分为（）。
A 产业内国际分⼯B 产业间国际分⼯C 垂直型国际分⼯D ⽔平型国际分⼯E 混合型国际分⼯第三章国际贸易分⼯理论单选题：1.晚期重商主义也称贸易差额论，主要政策主张是（）。
A 禁⽌货币出⼝B 禁⽌贵重⾦属外流C 奖出限⼊，包装贸易出超D 由国家垄断全部货币贸易2.假设英国⽣产每单位酒需要劳动⼈数⽐美国少40⼈，⽣产每单位呢绒⽐美国少10⼈，则下列错误的是（）。
国际贸易实务练习题
国际贸易实务练习题第一章导论选择题：1、国际货物买卖合同的主体是（A）A、货物B、买方和卖方C、双方的权利与义务D、中间商2、以下（C）具有订约能力A、未成年人B、精神病人C、法人代表D、酗酒者3、合同的权利与义务不包括（D）A、合同的标的B、货物买卖的价格C、买卖双方的义务D、合同的有效性4、我国法律认可的进出口贸易合同形式是（Ｂ）。
Ａ、口头形式合同Ｂ、书面形式合同Ｃ、行为形式合同Ｄ、其他形式合同5、在进出口贸易实际中，对当事人行为无强制性约束的规范是（Ｃ）。
Ａ、国内法Ｂ、国际法Ｃ、国际贸易惯例Ｄ、合同公约第二章货物的质量选择题1．对一些质量不稳定的初级产品，在规定品质条款时，其灵活制定品质指标常用（A）A．品质机动幅度B．品质公差C．交货品质与样品大体相等D．规定一个约量2．对工业制成品交易，一般在品质条款中灵活制定品质指标，通常使用（A）A．品质公差B．品质机动幅度C．交货品质与样品大体相等D．规定一个约量3、凡凭样品买卖，如合同中无其他规定，则卖方所交的货物（C）。
A.可以与样品大致不异B.许可合理的公差C.必须与样品一致D.可以与样品不同4、卖方根据买方来样复制样品，寄送买方并经其确认的样品，被称为（B E）。
A、复样B、回样C、原样D、确认样E、对等样品5、在国际贸易中，质量稳定、容易掌握的产物适合于（A）A、凭样品买卖B、凭规格买卖C、凭等级买卖D、凭产地名称买卖6、若合同规定有质量公差条款，则在公差范围内，买方（A）A、不得拒收货物B、可以拒收货物C、可以要求调整价格D、可以拒收货物也可以要求调整价格7.凡货、样不能做到完全一致的商品，一般都不适宜凭（D）买卖。
A.规格B.号码C.标准D.样品8、凭说明书和图样买卖，一般适用于（C）A、一些品质稳定的产品B、经过科学加工的初级产品C、机器、电器和仪表等技术密集产品D、有独特加工工艺的传统农副产品9、对于大批交易的散装货，因较难掌握商品的数量，通常在合同中规定（B）A、品质公差条款B、溢短装条款C、立即装运条目D、仓至仓条目10我某出口公司拟出口一批服装，在洽谈合同条目时，就服装的款式可要求买方提供（A）A、样品B、规格C、商标D、产地11、按照先有商品的实际品质进行买卖叫做（B）A、凭样品成交B、看货买卖C、凭规格买卖D、凭产地买卖第三章货物的数量1、在国际贸易中，买卖商品是按重量计价的，若合同未明确规定计算重量的办法时，按惯例，应按（A）。
(完整版)国际贸易期末习题及答案
第一章国际贸易概述一、单选题1、国际分工与国际贸易理论的创始者是（）A 、李嘉图B、赫克歇尔C、里昂惕夫D、亚当.斯密2、从世界范围看，世界各国之间货物与服务交换的活动称为（）A、国际贸易B、对外贸易C、多国贸易D、双边贸易3、联合国编制和发表的世界各国对外贸易额的资料以（）A、欧元表示B、美元表示C、本国货币表示D、日元表示4、各国在进行货物贸易统计时对于出口额的资料以（）A、FOB计价 B 、CIF计价C、CFR计价D、EXW计价5、某年世界出口贸易额为1.6万亿美元，进口贸易额为1.7万亿美元，该年国际贸易额为（）A、3.3万亿美元B、1.6万亿美元C、1.7万亿美元D、1.5万亿美元6、真正能够反映一个国家对外贸易实际规模的指标是（）A、对外贸易量B、对外贸易额 C 、对外贸易依存度D、对外贸易值7、以货物通过国境为标准统计进出口的是（）A、无形商品贸易B、过境贸易C、总贸易体系D、国境贸易8、在专门贸易体系中，作为进出口统计标准的是（）A、海关结关 B 、货物通过国境C、交纳税费D、订立合同9、我国出口一批货物给香港某公司，该香港公司又将这批货物转卖给美国某公司，这个贸易现象对香港而言称为（）A、间接进口B、间接出口C、转口贸易D、易货贸易10、当一国的出口额大于其进口额时，称为（）A、国际收支逆差B、国际收支顺差C、对外贸易逆差D、对外贸易顺差11、2003年，美国的进出口额为2万亿美元，GDP为10万亿美元，因此，美国当年的对外贸易系数约为（）A、2%B、4%C、10% D 、20%二、多选题1、贸易国家进行对外货物贸易统计所采用的统计制度包括（）A、直接贸易体系B、总贸易体系C、专门贸易体系D、货物贸易体系E、服务贸易体系2 、下列产品属于初级产品的有（）A、矿物燃料B、动植物油脂C、饮料及烟类D、机械及运输设备E、塑料制品3、按照世界贸易组织的分类，服务行业包括的部门有（）A、通讯B、家电制造C、银行D、建筑E、交通第二章国际贸易的利益一、单选题1、国际分工产生和发展的基础是（）。
国际贸易实务双语教程(第版)答案
第一章练习答案Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To see out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens,copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV. Case Study.Batteries called “white elephant” exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, but in United States no one was interested in the goods. Why?Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. Please try to find out some cases about cultural differences in doing international business. (Open)VI. Please determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALES. Then put T for TRUE or F for FALES in the bracket at the end of each statement.1. ( T )2. ( F )3. ( F )4. ( T )5. ( F )6. ( T )7. ( T )8. ( F )9.（T ）10.（T）11.（F）12.（F）13.（T）14.（T）15.（F）Ⅶ.Translate the following into English1.Trade is often said to be the "engine" of development. Although this analogy is too simple, itdoes illustrate the importance of foreign trade in economic development. Although the healthy growth of exports is not always sufficient for rapid and sustained economic growth, it is undeniable that there is a positive and close link between the two. The role of trade development in economic growth is manifested in many ways. Among them are: the benefits of professional division of labor, the role of international competition in promoting domestic economic efficiency and the ability to pay for the import of goods needed for development, as well as more generally , the encouragement of investment and entrepreneurship.2.International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced by one country withgoods and services produced by another country. In addition to the visible trade, that is, the import and export of goods and cargos, there are also invisible trade, which refers to the exchange of labor between countries. Countries such as Greece and Norway, which have vast maritime fleets and provide transport services, reflect a form of invisible trade. For some countries, invisible trade is just as important as raw materials and commodity exports for some other countries. In both cases, these countries can make money to buy the goods they need.3.International trade is varied in a variety of ways. Underwriting refers to the seller , in aparticular area and within a certain period of time , to give foreign customers the exclusive right to sell the designated commodity trade. In this deal, the goods are taken over by the underwriter, sold on their own and are self-financing. This is different from a commission-only agent, and because the underwriter enjoys a franchise in a particular area, making it distinct from the general sale and purchase agreement.4.No country in the world can produce all the products it needs, so all countries participate inthe international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes , a country can buy goods and services abroad from a barter, which refers to the exchange of onegood for another and not for money. Barter trade by itself is not enough to meet the needs ofa country's imports. However, as a mode of trade, it is attractive to developing countries thathave a shortage of foreign exchange or shortage of inflow of foreign capital to meet the demand for foreign trade.Ⅷ. Multiple Choices1-5 D D A D B 6-10 A A A B A第二章练习答案Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions1.Please tell us the procedures of international trade.The procedures of an export or import business are so complicated that it may take quite a long time to conclude a transaction. Varied and complicated procedures have to be gone through in the course of export or import transaction. From the very beginning to the end of the transaction, the whole operation generally undergoes four stages: preparing for exporting or importing, business negotiation, implementation of the contract, and settlement of disputes(if any). Each stage covers some specific steps. Since the expo rt and import trades are two sides of the same coin, and one country’s export is another country’s import.2.What are the parties involved in export and import transaction?The parties who are involved in export and import transactions are numerous and can be described as variously. The basic parties are the buyer who purchases the goods and the seller who provides the goods.3.What are the specialists involved in export and import transaction?Many specialists may be involved in export and import transaction, including:(1) A shipping agent and /or foreign forwarder (forwarding agent) will take responsibility for the documentation and arrange for the goods to be shipped by air, sea, rail or road. These services may be carried out by the supplier’s own export department, if they have the expertise.(2) Airlines, shipping lines, railway companies or haulage contractors will actual transport the goods.(3) Both the importer’s and exporter’s banks will be involved in arranging payments if a letter of credit or bill of exchange is used.(4) Customs and Excise officers may need to examine the goods, check import or export licensing and charge duty and /or V AT.(5) A chamber of Commerce may need to issue a Certificate of Origin, if this is required by the importer’s country.(6) An insurance company insures goods in transit.(7) A lawyer if a special contract has to be drawn up.4. What are the documents needed in export and import transaction?An import/export transaction usually requires a lot of complicated documents because it is difficult to make many different arrangements when one firm is dealing with another on the other side of the world. The number and type of documents needed depend on the specific requirements of the exporter and importer. Generally, the documents needed include:(1) Bill of Lading.(2) Commercial Invoice.(3) Proforma Invoice.(4) Consular Invoice.(5) Packing List.(6) Weight Memo.(7) Certificate of Inspection.(8) Certificate of Origin.(9) Insurance Policy (Certificate).(10) Sales Contract.(11) Sales Confirmation.II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T 11. T 12.F 13. T 14. F 15.TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:Messrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:Dear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight,but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely,VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Case StudyQuestions:(1) What is your opinion? Give the reasons to support your opinion.(2) How to prevent such dispute?(1) The first letter of Company A and Company B can be considered as an offer, during which Company A made a request for packaging. While Company B modified the terms of the offer, which can be considered as a counter offer or a new offer. After the counter offer was issued by Company B, Company A did not reply. Although it indicated that it was bound by the offer of the company B, yet Company A did not expressly accept to Company B,(2)At this time , the contract is not established. Therefore, Company B refused to honor the contract on this ground. Company A would fall into the passive status. In order to avoid this situation, Company A, in receipt of the B Company's offer, should promptly accept it.Ⅸ.Multiple Choices1. BCE2. AB3. BCD4. ABE5. ADE6. BCDE7. CD8. ABC9. ABC 10. ABC第三章练习答案Unit 3 Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsI. Translate the followings from Chinese into English:1 terms of payment2 written form of contract3 execution of the contract4 sales contract5 purchase confirmation6 terms of transaction7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract13 the contracting parties 14 special clause15 general terms and conditionsII. Answer the following questions in English:1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions abroad; written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contract is indicated in the title; 2) the contract proper. It is the main part of a contract; 3) the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer; 4) the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.5 It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance,commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.III. Translate the following into Chinese:合同是在双方达成协议的基础上制定的，而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。
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国际贸易第12~17章1、按国际贸易惯例，佣金一般是按（）为基础进行计算的。
[单选题] *A保险金额B运输金额C发票金额(正确答案)D预估金额2、关于折扣的计算，下列说法不正确的是（）。
[单选题] *A 折扣的计算一般按实际发票金额乘以约定的折扣率，即为应减除的折扣金额B折扣的计算不存在按FOB 或FCA价还是按CIF 或CIP价计算的问题(正确答案) C 折扣的计算存在按FOB 或FCA价还是按CIF 或CIP价计算的问题D折扣额=发票金额＊折扣率3、就卖方承当的费用而言，正确的是（）。
[单选题] *A、FOB>CFR>CIFB、 FOB>CIF>CFRC、 CIF>CFR> FOB(正确答案)D、CIF>FOB>CFR4、一般情况下，在以FOB贸易术语成交的合同中，货物的价格构成是（）。
[单选题] *A货物成本(正确答案)B货物成本+运费C货物成本+保险费D货物成本+运费+保险费5、在一般情况下，按CIR贸易术语成交的合同中，不应计入货物价格的是（）。
[单选题] *A货物成本B运费C 保险费D各项出口税费(正确答案)1、按CIF价条件成交，卖方报价中应包括（）。
*A进货成本价(正确答案)B国内费用(正确答案)C国外运费(正确答案)D国外保险费(正确答案)E净利润(正确答案)2、在进出口合同中，单价条款包括的内容是（）。
*A计量单位(正确答案)B单位价格金额(正确答案)C计价货币(正确答案)D贸易术语(正确答案)E大写金额3、下列单价条款对佣金描述正确的有（）。
*A每公吨150美元CIF上海包括20%的佣金(正确答案)B每公吨150美元CIF上海，每公吨付佣金3美元(正确答案)C每公吨150美元CIF C2%上海 D每公吨150美元CIF上海，包含佣金(正确答案) E每公吨150美元CIF C上海1、我国从汉堡进口货物，如按FOB条件成交，需由我方派船到汉堡口岸接运货物;而按CIF条件成交，则由出口方洽租船舶将货物运往中国港口，可见，我方按FOB 进口承担的货物运输风险比按CIF进口承担的风险大。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)2、CIF价格构成中的保险费是以FOB价格为基础计算的。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错3、CIF和CIP 中的卖方都有义务订立运输合同并支付运费，因此，卖方有义务向买方提交提单。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错4、FOB班轮条件下的装船费用和CIF班轮条件下的卸货费用都是由卖方负担。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)1、根据《UCP500》的解释，信用证的第一付款人是（）。
[单选题] *A开证人B开证行(正确答案)C议付行D通知行2、国外开来的不可撤销信用证规定，汇票的付款人为开证行，货物装船完毕，开证行没有撤销信用证，但出口人闻悉申请人已破产倒闭，则（）。
[单选题] *A由于付款人破产，货款将落空B开证行得悉申请人破产，虽货已装船，仍可撤回信用证，受益人未能取得货款C只要单证相符，受益人仍可从开证行取得货款(正确答案)D待付款人财产清算后可收回货款3、承兑是（）对远期汇票表示承担到期付款责任的行为。
[单选题] *A付款人(正确答案)B收款人C出口人D议付行4、信用证上若未注明汇票的付款人，根据《UCP500》的解释，汇票的付款人应该是（）。
[单选题] *A开证人B开证行(正确答案)C议付行D出口人5、债权人出具汇票委托银行向债务人收取货款的支付方式称为（）。
[单选题] * A汇付B银行保函C托收(正确答案)D信用证6、信用证体现了（）。
[单选题] *A信用证的开证申请人与开证银行之间的契约关系B开证银行与信用证受益人之间的契约关系(正确答案)C信用证开证申请人与开证银行之间的契约关系，又体现了开证银行与信用证受益人之间的契约关系D信用证开证申请人与付款银行之间的契约关系7、一份信用证若经过一家银行保证对符合信用证要求的单证履行付款义务时，这份信用证就成为（）。
[单选题] *A不可撤销信用证B不可转让信用证C 保兑信用证(正确答案)D议付信用证1、对于信用证与合同关系的表述正确的是（）。
*A信用证的开立以买卖合同为依据(正确答案)B信用证的履行不受买卖合同的约束(正确答案)C有关银行只根据信用证的规定办理信用证业务(正确答案)D合同是审核信用证的依据(正确答案)2、在国际贸易中，常用的支付方式有（）。
*A预付B汇付(正确答案)C托收(正确答案)D信用证(正确答案)3、信用证支付方式的特点是（）。
*A信用证是一种银行信用(正确答案)B信用证是一种商业信用C信用证是一项不依附于买卖合同的独立文件(正确答案)D信用证是一种单据的买卖(正确答案)4、汇付可分为（）。
*A电汇(正确答案)B信汇(正确答案)C票汇(正确答案)D汇票5、汇票的三个当事人是（）。
* A收款人(正确答案)B受票人(正确答案)C开证申请人D受益人E出票人(正确答案)6、T/T电汇适用于（）。
*A随订单付现(正确答案)B定金或余款(正确答案)C货到付款(正确答案)D预付货款(正确答案)E付款交单7、信用证的主要当事人有（）。
* A议付行(正确答案)B通知行(正确答案)C开证行(正确答案)D开证申请人(正确答案)E受益人(正确答案)1、汇付结算方式属于顺汇法，托收和信用证结算方式属于逆汇法。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错2、只有银行承兑汇票才可在贴现市场上贴现。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)3、信用证是一种银行开立的无条件承诺付款的书面文件。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)4、汇票和票汇的区别是:前者是支付工具，后者是支付方式。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错5、汇票、本票和支票都有即期和远期的两种。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)6、信用证是开证行应进口人的申请向出口人开立的。
当出口人按信用证规定向开证银行要求付款时，开证银行应先征得进口人的同意。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错1、仲裁裁决的效力是（）。
[单选题] *A终局的，对争议双方具有约束力(正确答案)B非终局的，对争议双方不具有约束力C有时是终局的，有时是非终局的D一般还需法院最后判决2、发生（），违约方可援引不可抗力条款要求免责。
[单选题] *A战争(正确答案)B世界市场价格上涨C生产制作过程的过失D货币贬值3、在出口国检验、进口国复验这种检验条款的规定方法（）。
[单选题] *A对卖方有利B对买方有利C照顾了买卖双方的利益(正确答案)D对保险公司有利4、国际货物买卖中，当交易双方就商品品质发生争议未能协商解决，而提交仲裁或进行司法诉讼时，（）是仲裁机构或法院进行裁决的重要依据。
[单选题] *A卫生检验证书B保险单C品质检验证书(正确答案)D海运提单5、在我国，出具不可抗力事件证明的机构是（）。
[单选题] *A商品检验检疫局B海关C公证机构D中国国际贸易促进委员会(正确答案)6、在我国的进出口合同中，关于仲裁地点的规定，我们应力争（）。
[单选题] * A在中国仲裁(正确答案)B在被告国仲裁C在双方同意的第三国仲裁D在对卖方有利的国家仲裁7、中国国际经济仲裁委员会是我国的（）。
[单选题] *A官方性常设仲裁机构(正确答案)B民间性常设仲裁机构C官方临时仲裁机构D民间性临时仲裁机构8、判定为不可抗力事故的原则是（ D ）。
[单选题] *A意外事故必须发生在合同签订之后(正确答案)B不是因为合同双方当事人自身的过失或疏忽导致C由于合同双方当事人自身的过失或疏忽导致 D、 A和B9、交易一方认为对方未能全部或部分履行合同规定责任与义务而引起的纠纷是（）。
[单选题] *A 争议(正确答案)B违约C索赔D理赔1、在国际贸易中，解决争议的方法主要有（）。
*A友好协商(正确答案)B调解(正确答案)C仲裁(正确答案)D诉讼(正确答案)2、在国际贸易中，根据损失的原因和责任不同，受损方可向（）提出索赔。
* A买方(正确答案)B保险公司(正确答案)C承运人(正确答案)D卖方(正确答案)3、仲裁与诉讼的区别有（）。
*A仲裁以争议双方当事人自愿为基础，而诉讼具有强制性(正确答案)B仲裁的手续较为简单，而诉讼的手续比较复杂(正确答案)C仲裁对双方的关系影响较小，而诉讼较伤和气(正确答案)D仲裁的费用较低，而诉讼的费用较高(正确答案)4、不可抗力事故引起的法律后果是（）。
*A遭遇事故的一方可要求损害赔偿B遭遇事故的一方可要求解除合同(正确答案)C遭遇事故的一方可要求延期履行合同(正确答案)D遭遇事故的一方可要求交付替代货物5、商检证书的作用有（）。
*A 是证明卖方所交货物符合合同规定的依据(正确答案)B是海关放行的依据(正确答案)C 是卖方办理货款结算的依据(正确答案)D是办理商品和理赔的依据(正确答案)6、某出口商按合同规定交了货，并向进口商提交了清洁提单，进口商收到货后，因外包装受损而导致包装内商品损坏，进口商应向（）。
*A船公司(正确答案)B保险公司(正确答案)C 卖方D买方7、在对外索赔与理赔工作中（）是很关键的问题。
*A 保护好受损货物B设法核实对方的财产C收集好索赔的依据(正确答案)D掌握好索赔期限(正确答案)1、仲裁协议必须在双方争议发生之前签订，否则仲裁机构不予置理。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)2、商检证书的主要作用之一是通过对商品进行检验，以确定卖方所交货物的品质、数量、包装是否与合同的规定相符。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错3、凡属法定检验范围的商品，在办理进出口清关手续时，必须向海关提供商检机构签发的检验证书，否则，海关不予放行。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错4、当事人将争议提请仲裁机构仲裁时，必须提交书面的仲裁协议，否则，仲裁机构不予受理。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错5、在进出口业务中，进口人收货后发现货物与合同规定不符时，在任何时候都可以向供货方索赔。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)6、我方与外商签订一笔进口合同，不久该商品价格猛涨，外商援引不可抗力条款电传要求解除合同，我方只好同意。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)7、以装运港检验机构出具的证书为议付单据，以目的港检验结果为索赔依据，这种做法对买卖双方均有好处。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错1、出口报关的时间应是（）。
[单选题] *A备货前B装船前(正确答案)C装船后D货到目的港后2、审核信用证的依据是（）。
[单选题] *A合同及《UCP500》的规定(正确答案)B一整套单据C开证申请书D商品发票3、信用证修改通知书的内容在两项以上者，受益人（）。
[单选题] *A要么全部接受，要么全部拒绝(正确答案)B可选择接受C必须全部接受D只能部分拒绝4、商品发票的抬头人一般是（）。