移动通信技术发展趋势

移动通信技术发展趋势摘要：本文详细论述了现代移动通信技术的六大最新发展趋势:网络业务的数据化、分组化,网络技术的宽带化,网络技术的智能化,更高的频段,更有效利用频率,网络趋于融合、走向统一。

了解、掌握这些趋势对移动通信运营商和设备制造商均具有重要的现实意义。

关键词：移动通信 Internet 无线数据 IMT-2000 智能网网络融合一、移动通信的意义所在移动通信业务之所以发展迅猛主要是其满足了人们在任何时间。

任何地点与任何个人进行通信的愿望。

移动通信是实现未来理想的个人通信服务的必由之路。

在信息支撑技术、市场竞争和需求的共同作用下,移动通信技术的发展更是突飞猛进,呈现出以下几大趋势:网络业务数据化、分组化,网络技术宽带化,网络技术智能化,更高的频段,更有效利用频率,各种网络趋于融合。

了解、掌握这些趋势对移动通信运营商和设备制造商均具有重要的现实意义。

二、网络业务数据化、分组化无线数据——生机无限当前移动数据通信发展迅速,被认为是移动通信发展的一个主要方向。

近年来出现的移动数据通信主要有两种,一种是电路交换型的移动数据业务,如TACS、AMPS和GSM中的承载数据业务以及GSM系统的HSCSD;另外一种是分组交换型的移动数据业务,如摩托罗拉的DataTAC、爱立信的Mobitex和GSM系统的GPRS。

(1)应用驱动市场无线数据业务的主要驱动力在于用户的应用。

话音是单一的、易于被大众所接受的业务,然而无线数据则不同,无线数据最初的应用重点放在运输管理这样的专业市场。

近期无线数据业务的目标市场是销售人员或现场工程师这样的用户群。

从这些先发目标的应用中积累无线数据的经验,并从中受益。

在过去的十年里,传统的生活方式已经在迅速改变,人们更经常性地移动,职业和个人生活之间的分界变得模糊,人们需要不分时间、地点访问很重要的信息。

发生在用户身上的这种生活方式的改变将成为驱动无线数据业务发展的重要因素。

(2)因特网的影响和通信的其他领域一样,无线数据业务的一个最重要的驱动力来自Internet。

根据最近的研究,未来两年欧洲的因特网用户数量将翻一番。

在我国,因特网用户的年增长率将高达300%,显然用户在运动中接入因特网的需求将会增长。

为了满足接入因特网的需求,一个全球性的开放协议——无线应用协议(WAP)应运而生。

WAP为将Internet的信息内容以及增值业务传送到移动终端提供了一种开放的通用标准,实现了IP与GSM网络的桥接,是一个为厂商提供加速市场增长、避免网络割接、保护运营商投资的标准,WAP确保任何与WAP兼容的GSM手机都能工作。

GSM承载业务所提供的GSM数据速率最高只能达到9.6kbit/s。

国际上1998年引入的高速电路交换数据(HSCSD)技术将实现57kbit/s的数据速率,对要求连续比特率和传输时延小的应用是理想的,如会议电视、电子邮件、远程接入企业的局域网和无线图像。

1999年商用化的GPRS 是第一个GSM分组数据应用,将实现超过100kbit/s的数据速率。

对较短的“突发”类型业务是理想的,如信用卡认证、远程测量和远程事务处理。

EDGE(增强数据速率GSM改进模式)使用修改过的GSM调制方式来实现超过300kbit/s的数据速率。

EDGE会让 GSM运营商特别受益,他们不但可以赢得第三代移动通信的经营执照,还可以提供有竞争力的宽带数据业务。

对随时随地话音通信的追求使早期移动通信走向成功。

移动通信的商业价值和用户市场得到了证明,全球移动市场以超凡的速度增长。

移动通信演进的下一阶段是向无线数据乃至个人移动多媒体转移,这一进展已经开始,并将成为未来重要的增长点。

个人移动多媒体将根据地点为人们提供无法想像的、完善的个人业务和无线信息,将对人们工作和生活的各个方面产生影响。

在个人多媒体世界里,话音邮件和电子邮件被传送到移动多媒体信箱中;短信将成为带有照片和视频内容的电子明信片;话音呼叫将与实时图像相结合,产生大量的可视移动电话,还将实现移动因特网和万维网浏览。

像无线会议电视这样的应用将随处可见,电子商务将蓬勃开展。

对于运动中的用户还有随时随地的各种信箱和娱乐服务。

三、网络技术的宽带化在电信业历史上,移动通信可能是技术和市场发展最快的领域。

业务、技术、市场三者之间是一种互动的关系,伴随着用户对数据、多媒体业务需求的增加,网络业务向数据化、分组化发展,移动网络必然走向宽带化。

通过使用电话交换技术和蜂窝无线电技术,70年代末诞生了第一代模拟移动电话。

AMPS(北美蜂窝系统)、NMT(北欧移动电话)和TACS(全向通信系统)是三种主要的窄带模拟标准。

第一代无线网络技术的一大成就就是去掉了将电话连接到网络的用户线。

用户第一次能够在他们所在的任何地方无线接收和拨打电话。

第二代系统引入了数字无线电技术,它提供更高的网络容量,改善了话音质量和保密性,并为用户引入了无缝的国际漫游。

今天世界市场的第二代数字无线标准,包括GSM、MMPS、PDC(日本数字蜂窝系统)和IS95 CDMA等,均仍为窄带系统。

第三代移动系统,即IMT-2000,是一种真正的宽带多媒体系统,它能够提供高质量宽带综合业务并实现全球无缝覆盖。

2000年以后,窄带移动电话业务需求将依然很大,但随着Internet等高速数据通信及多媒体通信需求的驱动,宽带多媒体综合业务将逐步增长,而且就未来信息高速公路建设的无缝覆盖而言,宽带移动通信作为整个移动市场份额的子集将显得愈来愈重要。

四、网络技术的智能化移动通信需求的不断增长以及新技术在移动通信中的广泛应用,促使移动网络得到了迅速发展。

移动网络由单纯地传递和交换信息,逐步向存储和处理信息的智能化发展,移动智能网由此而生。

关于移动智能网的研究,早在1995年就已开始,刚开始并没有具体的标准协议出现,各厂商各自制定了自己的标准,并且据此进行了不少的研究工作,如Alcatel、Nortel、Ericsson等都先后推出了自己的初期产品。

这些工作为最终移动智能网标准的形成积累了经验。

1997年末,美国蜂窝电信工业协会(CTIA)制定了移动智能网的第一个标准协议——IS-41D协议。

1998年1月,欧洲电信标准研究所(ETSI)在GSM phase2+阶段引入了CAMEL协议(移动通信高级逻辑的客户化应用程序),当时的版本是Phase1。

1998年4月,ITU-T在新推出的智能网能力集一2标准中描述了移动接入的功能实体,称为CAMEL phase2标准。

伴随着移动网络向第三代系统的演进,网络的智能化程度也在不断地提升。

智能网及其智能业务是构成未来个人通信的基本条件。

五、更高的频段从第一代的模拟移动电话,到第二代的数字移动网络,再到将来的第三代移动通信系统,网络使用的无线频段遵循一种由低到高的发展趋势。

1981年诞生的第一个具有国际漫游功能的模拟系统NMT的使用频段为450MHz,1986年NMT变迁到900MHz频段。

我国目前的模拟TACS系统的使用频段也为900 MHz。

在第二代网络中,GSM系统的开始使用频段为900MHz,IS-95 CDMA系统为800MHz。

为了从根本上提高GSM 系统的容量,1997年出现了1800MHz系统,GSM 900/1800双频网络迅速普及。

2002年将投入商用的第三代系统IMT-2000则定位在2GHz频段。

六、网络趋于融合,走向统一技术的发展、市场需求的变化、市场竞争的加剧以及市场管制政策的放松将使计算机网、电信网、电视网等加快融合为一体,宽带IP技术成为三网融合的支撑和结合点。

未来的网络将向宽带化、智能化、个人化方向发展,形成统一的综合宽带通信网,并逐步演进为由核。

心骨干层和接八层组成、业务与网络分离的构架。

Mobile communication technological developmenttendencyAbstract: This article elaborated the modern mobile communication technology six big most recent development tendency in detail: The network service's digitization, the grouping, networking's wide band, networking's intellectualization, a higher frequency band, the more effective use frequency, the network tends the fusion, the trend unification. The understanding, grasps these tendencies has the vital practical significance to the mobile communication operator and the equipment manufacturer.Keywords ： Mobile communication Internet Wireless data IMT-2000 Intelligent network Network fusion1、Mobile communication's significance is atThe reason that the mobile service the development swift and violent was mainly it has satisfied the people in any time. Any place carries on the correspondence with any individual the desire. The mobile communication realizes in the future the ideal person-to-person communication service way that must be taken. In the information support technology, the market competition and under the demand combined action, the mobile communication technology's development is progresses by leaps and bounds, presents the following several general trends: The network service digitization, the grouping, the networking wide band, the networking intellectualization, a higher frequency band, the more effective use frequency, each kind of network tends the fusion. The understanding, grasps these tendencies has the vital practical significance to the mobile communication operator and the equipment manufacturer.2Network service digitization, groupingThe wireless data - - vitality infinite current migration data communication development is rapid, was considered that is a mobile communication development main direction. In recent years appeared the migration data communication mainly had two kinds, one kind was the circuit switching migration data traffic, like in TACS, AMPS and GSM load bearing data traffic as well as GSM system's HSCSD; Other one kind is the packet switching migration data traffic, like Motorola's DataTAC, Ericsson's Mobitex and GSM system's GPRS.2、application actuates the marketThe wireless data traffic's main driving influence lies in the user the application. The voice is sole, easy the service which is accepted by thepopulace, however the wireless data is different, the wireless data initial application key places transportation management such professional market. In the near future the wireless data traffic's target market will be the sales personnels or scene engineer such user group. Sends the goal from these in the application to accumulate the wireless data the first experience, and profits.In the past's ten years, the traditional life style rapidly was already changing, the people regularly migration, between the occupation and individual life's dividing line becomes fuzzy, the people need not to divide, the place visit very important information. Will occur will become the actuation wireless data traffic development on the user body's this kind of life style change the important attribute.（1）Internet's influenceAre the same with correspondence other domains, a wireless data traffic most important driving influence from Internet. According to the recent research, two year Europe's Internet user quantity will double in the future. In our country, the Internet user's yearly rate will reach as high as 300%, obviously the user will turn on Internet's demand in the movement to grow.In order to satisfy turns on Internet's demand, global open agreement - - wireless application protocol (WAP) arises at the historic moment. WAP was transmits the Internet information content as well as the value-added service to the mobile termination has provided one kind of open general standard, has realized IP and the GSM network bridge joint, was one provides accelerates the market for the manufacturer to grow, to avoid the network cleft grafting, protecting the standard which the operator invested, WAP guaranteed that any handset could work with WAP the compatible GSM.（2）data rate developmentThe GSM bearer service provides the GSM data rate is highest can only achieve 9.6kbit/s. Internationally in 1998 introduced the high-speed circuit exchange data (HSCSD) technology will realize the 57kbit/s data rate, to requested the continual bit rate and the transmission latency small application is ideal, like video-conference, email, long-distance turning on enterprise's local area network and wireless image. in 1999 commercialized GPRS was the first GSM integrated data application, will realize surpasses 100kbit/s the data rate. To short “arises suddenly” the type service is ideal, like the credit card authentication, the long-distance survey and the long-distance business process. EDGE (enhancement data rate GSM improvement pattern) uses hasrevised the GSM modulation system to realize surpasses 300kbit/s the data rate. EDGE will let the GSM operator profit specially, not only they may win the third generation mobile communication the management license, but may also provide has the competitive power wideband data service.Causes the early time mobile communication to the voice correspondence's pursue to move toward successfully anytime and anywhere. Mobile communication's commercial value and the consumer market obtained the proof, the whole world moved the market to grow by the unusual speed. The mobile communication evolution's next stage is and even moves the multimedia shifts personally to the wireless data, this progress already started, and will become in the future the important point of growth. Will move personally multimedia will supply is unable to imagine, consummation individual service and the wireless information according to the place for the people, will work to the people with life each aspect has the influence. In individual multimedia world, the voice mail and the email are transmitted to move in the multimedia mailboxes; The short note will become has the picture and the video frequency content electronic postcard; The voice call will unify with the real-time image, produces the massive visible mobile phone, will also realize moves the Internet and World Wide Web glances over. Wireless video-conference such application will find at everywhere likely, electronic commerce will develop vigorously. Also has each kind of mailbox and the entertainment anytime and anywhere regarding the movement in user serves.3、 Networking wide bandIn the telecommunications industry history, the mobile communication possibly is the technology and the market development quickest domain. The service, the technology, the market three between are one kind of interactive relations, follows the user to the data, multimedia service demand increase, the network service to the digitization, the grouping development, the motion network is moving toward the wide band inevitably.Through the use telephone exchange technology and the honeycomb radio technology, were born in the late 70s the first generation of simulation mobile phone. AMPS (North America honeycomb system), NMT (Northern Europe mobile phone) and TACS (omnidirectional communications system) is three kind of main narrow band mock standard. A first generation of wireless networking's great achievement removed has connected the telephone thenetwork the subscriber's line. The user first time can any place wireless receive which is in them and dials telephones.The second generation of system has introduced the digital radio technology, it provides the higher network capacity, improved the voice quality and the secrecy, and has introduced the seamless international roaming for the user. Today world market second generation of digital wireless standard, including GSM, MMPS, PDC (Japan digital cellular system) and IS95 CDMA and so on, still for narrow band system.The third generation moves the system, namely IMT-2000, is one kind of genuine wide band multimedia systems, it can provide the high grade wide band synthesis service and realize the global seamless cover. after 2000, the narrow band mobile phone service demand still will be very big, but along with Internet and so on high speed data correspondence and the multimedia correspondence demand's actuation, the wide band multimedia synthesis services will grow gradually, moreover the seamless cover which will construct on the future information superhighway says, the wide band mobile communication will take the entire migration market share the subset will appear more and more important.4、 Networking intellectualizationThe mobile communication demand grows as well as the new technology unceasingly in the mobile communication widespread application, urged the motion network to obtain the rapidly expand. The motion network by purely the transmission and the exchange information, gradually to the memory and process information's intellectualized development, the motion intelligent network lives from this.About the motion intelligent network's research, as early as started in 1995, just started the concrete standard agreement not to appear, various manufacturers have formulated own standard respectively, and has carried on many research works according to the above, like Alcatel, Nortel, Ericsson and so on successively have promoted own initial period product. These work to move the intelligent network standard the formation to gain in the experience finally.at the end of 1997, American honeycomb Telecommunication industries association (CTIA) has formulated the motion intelligent network first standard agreement - - IS-41D agreement. in January, 1998, European Telecommunications Standard Research institute (ETSI) stage has introduced the CAMEL agreement in GSM the phase2+ (mobile communication high-level logic customization application procedure), edition was Phase1. in April, 1998, ITU-T was promoting newly in intelligent network ability collection 2 standards described the motion turning on function entity, was called CAMEL the phase2 standard.Follows is moving the network to the third generation system's evolution, the network intellectualized degree unceasingly is also promoting. The intelligent network and the intelligent service constitutes in the future the person-to-person communication basic condition.5、Higher bandFrom the first generation of simulation mobile phone, to the second generation of numeric move network, to future third generation mobile communication system, the network use's wireless frequency band will follow one kind of trend of development again from low to high. in 1981 was born first had the international roaming function analogous system NMT use frequency band is 450MHz,1986 the year NMT vicissitude to the 900MHz frequency band. Our country present simulation TACS system's use frequency band is also 900 MHz. In the second generation of network, the GSM system's start use frequency band is 900MHz, IS-95 the CDMA system is 800MHz. To fundamentally enhance the GSM system's capacity, in 1997 presented the 1800MHz system, the GSM 900/1800 dual-frequency network popularized rapidly. in 2002 will invest commercial third generation system IMT-2000 to locate in the 2GHz frequency band.6、The network tends the fusion, moves toward the unificationThe technical development, market demand's change, market competition's aggravating as well as the market control policy's relaxation will make the computer net, the telecommunication network, the television network and so on to speed up bes in one friendly, the wide band IP technology becomes the support which and the combining site three nets fuse. Future network to the wide band, the intellectualization, the personalized direction will develop, forms the unified comprehensive wide band communications network, and gradually evolution for by nucleus. The heart backbone level and meets the skeleton which eight compositions, the service and the network separate.。