国际知名报刊

Week01 Introduction◆. American Key NewspapersThe New York Times《纽约时报》1851 The Washington Post《华盛顿邮报》1877 Los Angles Times《洛杉矶时报》1881 USA Today《今日美国报》1983 The Wall Street Journal《华尔街日报》1889 The Christian Science Monitor《基督教科学箴言报》1908 International Herald Tribune《国际先驱论坛报》1963 ◆. American Key PeriodicalsTime《时代》周刊1923 Newsweek 《新闻周刊》1933 U.S. News & World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》周刊1948 Reader‟s Digest《读者文摘》月刊1922 Fortune 《财富》月/ 1978:双周刊1930 /magazines/fortune/Business Week《商业周刊》1929 Far Eastern Economic Review 《远东经济评论》1946 /◆. British Key NewspapersQuality papersThe Times 《泰晤士报》1785 Financial Times 《金融时报》1888 /home/rwThe Guardian 《卫报》1821 /The Daily Telegraph 《每日电讯报》1855 Popular papersDaily Express 《每日快报》Daily Mail 《每日邮报》Daily Star 《每日明星报》Daily Mirror 《每日镜报》The Sun 《太阳报》Mid-market papers◆. British Key PeriodicalsThe Economist《经济学家》1843 The Spectator《旁观者》1828 New Statesman《新政治家》◆.News AgencyAP (Associated Press) 美联社1848 UPI (United Press International) 合众国际社1907 Reuters路透社PA ( Press Association) 报纸联合社法新社：AFP (Agence France Press)塔斯社：TASS - ITAR-TASS News Agency (The Information Telegraph Agency of Russia)◆.Contents and format5 SECTIONS:A: International, Editorial, Opposite Editorial ( Op-Ed)B: MetroC: Business TodayD: Sports MondayE: ArtsObituaries/ Milestones/ TransitionWeather Classified Ads Auto ExchangeUpdated news: ◆.Political tendencyWeek 02 News and JournaleseNews Journalese HeadlineFeatures of headline Headline & background information Newsworthy information:Prominence Government Weirdness Shocking truth Currency Impact Timeliness Proximity Conflict◆. Prominence:information has prominence if it involves a well-known person or organization.◆.Government◆.Weirdness: information has weirdness if it involves somethingunusual or strange.◆.Currency:information has currency if it is related to some general topic a lot of people are already talking about.◆Impact: information has impact if it affects a lot of people.◆Timeliness: information has timeliness if it happened recently."Recently" is defined by the publication cycle of the news medium in which the information will appear.For "Newsweek," events that happened during the previous week are timely.For a daily newspaper, however, events that happened during the 24 hours since the last edition ofthe paper are timely.For CNN Headline News, events that happened during the past half hour are timely.◆Proximity:information has proximity if it involves something happened somewhere nearby.◆Conflict:information has conflict if it involves some kind of disagreement between two or more people.News that readers might be interested in:1.Politics and government2. Disaster3.Crime and courts4. Business5. Strike, demonstration and disputes6. War and terrorism7. Environment8. Famous people 9. Sports 10. entertainment◆What is news? Definition of newsWell, news is anything that's interesting, that relates to what's happening in the world, what's happening in areas of the culture that would be of interest to your audience.Kurt Loder, American journalist, b. 1945What you see is news, what you know is background, what you feel is opinion.Lester Markel, American journalist, 1894-1977Traits of American News:WeirdnessNegative newsOther definitions of newsTo a journalist, good news is often not news at all.Phil Donahue, American entertainer, b. 1935No news is good news.Ludovic Halevy, French author, 1834-1908For most folks, no news is good news; for the press, good news is not news.Gloria Borger, American journalist, b. 1952The real news is bad news.Marshall Mcluhan, Canadian communications theorist, 1911-1980Negative News is the real news◆What is Journalese? Journalesethe style in which newspapers are written (低劣的)新闻笔调, (文笔草率的)新闻文体The style of writing often held to be characteristic of newspapers and magazines, distinguished by clichés, sensationalism, and triteness of thought. Other definition of journaleseEnglish of a style featured by use of colloquialisms, superficiality of thoughtand reasoning, clever or sensational presentation of material, and evidences of haste in composition, considered characteristic of newspaper writing. Features of News HeadlinesOmission TenseAbbreviations & Acronyms WordingVoice Punctuations Journalistic CoinagesOmissionTensesThe frequent tenses used in the headline are the simple present, the simple future and the present progressive, whether it is of the past event, in order to add to its freshness and immediacy.Acronyms & AbbreviationsInitials or AcronymsShortened Words or AbbreviationsWordingShort, simple and concrete words are often applied in the headlines to create vividness and accuracy.VoicesPassive voice in the headline is often represented without the auxiliary verb ‘be’or ‘by’phrase. Only the bare past participle will do. Punctuations , ——：Comma is often functioned as the conjunction ‘and’.dash is often functioned as quotes, introducing the speaker or the source.Colon is often functioned as …saying‟ or the conjunction of link verb …be‟. Journalistic CoinagesJournalistic coinages are often made up of a phrase by saving some syllables in order to make a compound.Lead1.Functions and characteristics of the lead2. Types and features of the leadLeadThe "lead" in journalism is the first sentence or paragraph. It's used to hook the reader and draw them in to read the entire article or listen to the full story.Lead distinguishes news from other forms of literature. Usually lead refers to the first paragraph or first few paragraphs including the latest, foremost intriguing facts. It is either to summarize, or to outline, or to brief the news in order to lead the readers to the depth of the story. Western journalists regard the lead as the cream of the news as well as a show window of their writing style.Functions and characteristics of the leadSuccinctBeing brief, simple, plain, and concise, a lead is usually of about 25 words or at most 35 words by one sentence.InformativeA lead should tells of the essence of the news within the fewest words. IntriguingTry to attract the readers’interest through its wording.When Where Who What Why HowTypes and features of the leadChronological Order Form/ wiener Form : sports, crimes, obituaries Suspended Interest Form: FeaturesInterpretative Reporting Form: reasoning, answer seekingTypes and features of the leadSummary lead or roundup leadMain fact leadDescriptive leadDirect address lead or personal leadQuotation leadSuspense leadDelayed lead or multi-paragraph leadContrast leadQuestion leadAnecdotal leadCombined lead or multiple element leadLabel lead or empty leadThe Inverted Pyramid FormIn the order of descending importance★★★★★★★Intro containing most important or most interesting information★★★★★★More facts★★★★★Supporting information or background★★★Quotes or more facts of lesser importance★★More detail★Least significant informationDateline （电头）A phrase at the beginning of a newspaper or magazine article that gives the date and place of its origin.News AgencyAP (Associated Press) 美联社1848 UPI (United Press International) 合众国际社1907 Reuters路透社PA ( Press Association) 报纸联合社法新社：AFP (Agence France Press)塔斯社：TASS - ITAR-TASS News Agency(The Information Telegraph Agency of Russia)Newspapers not only carry stories sent by their correspondents or reporters, but also news dispatches provided by different news agencies, especially forthose local or district newspapers. Therefore, news dispatches are the major news source for most of the newspapers.News sourceOfficial官员；spokesman发言人；government official政府官员；Foreign Ministry spokesman外交部发言人；authorities权威人士；high-placed sources 高层消息灵通人士；sources人士；diplomatic ～；military～；police～；official～；reliable～；authoritative~; unimpeacheable ~; well-informed ~; well-placed ~; wired ~; sources close to …接近……(方面)的人士；quarters/circles方面／阶层；financial quarters金融界方面；the quarters concerned有关方面；educational circles; judicial circles; theatrical circles; observers; analysts; experts; witnesses; government statement政府声明；unconfirmed report未经证实的消息；document released by由……发布的文件。