电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社EnglishforITandEE
课文参考译文 (5)-信息科学与电子工程专业英语(第2版)-吴雅婷-清华大学出版社
Unit 5 多址技术Unit 5-1第一部分：多址技术：频分多址、时分多址、码分多址多址方案用于使许多用户同时使用同一个固定带宽的无线电频谱。
在任何无线电系统中分配的带宽总是有限的。
移动电话系统的典型总带宽是50MHz，它被分成两半用以提供系统的前向和反向连接。
任何无线网络为了提高用户容量都需要共享频谱。
频分多址（FDMA）、时分多址（TDMA）、码分多址（CDMA）是无线系统中由众多用户共享可用带宽的三种主要方法。
这些方法又有许多扩展和混合技术，例如正交频分复用（OFDM），以及混合时分和频分多址系统。
不过要了解任何扩展技术首先要求对三种主要方法的理解。
频分多址在FDMA中，可用带宽被分为许多个较窄的频带。
每一用户被分配一个独特的频带用于发送和接收。
在一次通话中其他用户不能使用同一频带。
每个用户分配到一个由基站到移动电话的前向信道以及一个返回基站的反向信道，每个信道都是一个单向连接。
在每个信道中传输信号是连续的，以便进行模拟通信。
FDMA信道的带宽一般较小（30kHz），每个信道只支持一个用户。
FDMA作为大多数多信道系统的一部分用于初步分割分配到的宽频带。
将可用带宽分配给几个信道的情况见图5.1和图5.2。
时分多址TDMA将可用频谱分成多个时隙，通过分配给每一个用户一个时隙以便在其中发送或接收。
图5.3显示如何以一种循环复用的方式把时隙分配给用户，每个用户每帧分得一个时隙。
TDMA以缓冲和爆发方式发送数据。
因此每个信道的发射是不连续的。
待发送的输入数据在前一帧期间被缓存，在分配给该信道的时隙中以较高速率爆发式发送出去。
TDMA不能直接传送模拟信号因为它需要使用缓冲，因而只能用于传输数字形式的数据。
由于通常发送速率很高，TDMA会受到多径效应的影响。
这导致多径信号引起码间干扰。
TDMA一般与FDMA结合使用，将可用的全部带宽划分为若干信道。
这是为了减少每个信道上的用户数以便使用较低的数据速率。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-07
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Fixed Service Satellites (FSS) use the C band, and the lower band, portions of the Ku bands. They are normally used for broadcast feeds to and from television networks and local affiliate stations, as well as being used for distance learning by schools and universities, business television, videoconferencing, television, videoconferencing, and general commercial telecommunications.4 FSS satellites are also used to distribute national cable channels to the central control units. 它们通常用于向电视网和加盟地方台 units. 馈送或收集广播节目， 馈送或收集广播节目，也用于中小学 和大学的远程教学、商业电视、 和大学的远程教学、商业电视、视频 会议和一般商用通信。 会议和一般商用通信。
New Words
abbreviate 缩略，简写成 缩略， elliptical orbit 椭圆轨道 submarine 海底的，潜水艇 海底的， analogous 模拟的，类似的 模拟的， constellation 星座图，星罗棋布 星座图， affiliate 会员，分支机构 会员， diameter 直径 headend 数据转发器 transponder 转发器，应答器 转发器， amateur 业余爱好，业余的 业余爱好， geostationary orbit 对地静止轨道 complementary 互补的，补充的 互补的， relay 中继，接力 中继， disturbance 扰动，干扰 扰动， geosynchronous 地球同步的 limelight 众人注目的中心 free-tofree-to-air TV 不加密不收费电视 ambiguous 模糊的，混淆的 模糊的， spacespace-borne repeater 天空转发器 dialup 拨号
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-10
如果信号是立体声的，内存就 如果信号是立体声的， 乘以二， 乘以二，因为立体声实际上用 了两个信号
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This equation can be used to demonstrate why transmitting highhigh-quality audio across the Internet requires compression. CD audio uses 16-bit stereo sampled at 44,100 Hz. This means 16that one minute of CD audio uses 44,100×16×60×2 = 44,100×16×60× 84,672,000 bits, or slightly over 10 megabytes.
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This replaces all bitcodes with unique bitcodes of varying length according to the frequency of the pattern occurrence.4 For instance, the most commonly occurred bit pattern would be encoded as ‘01’, while the next common would be ‘010’ and the next would be ‘011’, and so on.
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A standard 56 kbps modem would take 84,672,000/57344 = 1477 seconds or about 25 minutes! 25 minutes is a long time to wait for one minute of audio, so an alternative is imperative. imperative. That alternative was MPEG Audio Layer 3, or MP3.
English for IT and EE-11
于是图像的一部分可以进行抑制运 动模糊的处理， 动模糊的处理，而另一部分可以作 改进色彩渲染的处理。 改进色彩渲染的处理。
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The amplitudes of a given image will almost always be either real numbers or integer numbers. The latter is usually a result of a quantization process that converts a continuous range, say, between 0 and 100%, to a discrete number of levels.4
信息科学与电子工程专业英语
Technical English
For Information Science and Electronic Engineering
信息科学与电子工程专业ng
信息科学与电子工程专业英语
Part I
TwoTwo-Dimensional Digital Images
一幅二维离散空间中的数字图像 a[m, n]是由二维连续空间中的模拟 图像a 通过采样得到的。 图像a(x, y)通过采样得到的。采样 过程常称为数字化。 过程常称为数字化。
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The mathematics of that sampling process will be described later. For now we will look at some basic definitions associated with the digital image. The effect of digitization is shown in Figure 11.1.
电子信息工程专业英语英译汉翻译
1 The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.晶体管开启了现代电脑工业的革命2 The storage cell only requires one capacitor and one transistor, whereas a flip-flop connected in an array requires 6 transistors.存储单元仅需要一个电容和晶体管，并而不像触发器整列那样需要6个晶体管3 There has been a never ending series of new op amps released each year since then, and their performance and reliability has improved to the point where present day op amps can be used for analog applications by anybody.从此以后每年都有新系列的运放发布，他们的性能和可靠性得到了提升，如今任何人都能用运放来设计模拟电路。
4 This is capable of very high speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry.它具有高速转换能力，从而能适应高速采样速率，但它的基本形式非常耗电。
5 During the “on” period , energy is being stored within the core material of the inductor in the form of flux.在”on”阶段，能量以涌浪形式存储在电感的核芯材料里面6 The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost.频率合成器的设计目标是取代系统中多个振荡器，从而减小板卡面积和成本。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-09
定理规定：采样频率必须 定理规定： 大于两倍的信号带宽
信息科学与电子工程专业英语
Part I
Digital Signal Processing
New Words
sub-field 分领域，子领域 sub分领域， sensor array 传感器阵列 algorithm 算法 purposepurpose-designed 针对目的设计的 integrated circuits 集成电路 wavelet 小波 informed 有知识的，有见闻的 有知识的， crosscross-correlation 互相关 discretization 离散化 partition 分割，分区 分割， sonar 声呐 biomedical 生物特征的 abbreviate 缩写，缩略 缩写， applicationapplication-specific 面向应用的 autocorrelation 自相关 baseband 基带 spatial domain 空间域 interval 间隔 quantization 量化 finite set 有限的集
当灵活性和快速开发比大批量生产的 成本更重要时，DSP算法也可以用现 成本更重要时，DSP算法也可以用现 场可编程门阵列来实现。 场可编程门阵列来实现。
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In DSP, engineers usually study digital signals in one of the following domains: time domain (one-dimensional signals), (onespatial domain (multidimensional signals), frequency domain, autocorrelation domain, and wavelet domains. They choose the domain in which to process a signal by making an informed guess (or by trying different possibilities) as to which domain best represents the essential characteristics of the signal.3 他们按某些依据来猜测（或试验不同的可能 他们按某些依据来猜测（ 性）那一个域能够最好地表示信号的本质特 性来选择在其中进行信号处理的域。 性来选择在其中进行信号处理的域。
电子信息工程专业英语(第三版)词汇表
a portion of 一部分a variety of各种各样的a mass of 大量的AC abbr. Alternating Current 交流电accide ntal adj.意外的accumulator n.累加器acquisiti on n.获取，采集acquisition time 采集时间acquisition time 采集时间activate vt .激活active adj.有源的actuator n 致动器，执行器add-o n n.附件administration邮电管理局address vt.从事，忙于address gen erator 地址产生器address poin ter 地址指针addressing mode 寻址模式adjustme nt n 调整，调节ADSL abbr. Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loo非对称数字用户线adverse adj不利的，相反的AFG Arbitrary Function Generator 任意函数发生器aggregate v.聚集，合计AGP Accelerated Graphic Port 加速图形接口akin adj.同族的，类似的algorithm n.算法alias ing n.混叠现象alkali ne adj.碱性的all in all 总而言之all of a sudde n 突然allocate vt.分配allocate vt.分配allow for 虑及，体谅allow for 虑及，酌留alpha nu mericadj.包括文字与数字的alter v.改变alter native n .选择 ALU abbr Arithmetic Logic Unit 算术逻辑单元alumi nium n 岭铝ambie ntadj.周围的 n.周围环境an alogous adj.类似的 an cillary adj.辅助的，副的an guish n 痛苦，苦恼analogyn.类似，类推an gular freque ncy 角频率anno tati on n.标注，注角军antenna n.触角，天线anti-aliasing filter抗亍昆叠滤波器anti-aliasing filter 抗混叠滤波器applia nee n.用具，器具applia nee n.用具，器县applicati on in terface 应用程序接口approach n.方法appropriate adj.适当的approximati on n.近似（值）approximati on n.逼近，近似值archive vt.存档n.档案文件arena n.竞技场，舞台arena n.竞技场舞台arise from 由…引起；从…中产生arithmetic n算数array n.阵列，数组array n.数组，阵列artificial adj.不自然的as a consequenee 因此匕as always 照常as opposed to ..与...相反as yet到目前为止ASIC abbr. Application Specific Integrated Circuit专用集成电路ASIC Applicati on Specific In tegrated CircuitASIC Applicatio n-Specific I ntegrated Circuit^ 用集成电路assembler n 汇编器assembly Ian guage 汇编语言assig nment n.赋值ASSP abbr. Application Specific Standard Product专用标准器件ASSP Applicatio n-Specific Sta ndard Part专用标准器件assume vt 假定asynchronous adj.异步的asynchronous adj.异步的atte nu ator n.衰减器audiophile n.高保真音响爱好者auditorium n.会堂，礼堂auditory system 听觉系统automatic variable 自动变量automotive adj.汽车的AWG Arbitrary Waveform Ge nerator 任意波形发生器B(be) known as …称作......(be) capable of具备••…的能力(be) equivalerit to 相当于... ,等价于 ...(be) proportional to 与•…成比例back bias 反向偏压backplane n.背叛backside n.背部，后方bar graph条形图bargai n n.交易，协议，廉价品barrier n.隔板，势垒，阻挡层base station 基站base stati on 基站baseba nd n.基带baud n 波特be concerned with •对•…关心be encumbered with 为…•所累be mad e up of由…•组成be referred to as.... 被称作...be thought of as 被认为....beam splitter 分光镜behavioral syn thesis 行为综合ben eficial adj.有益的，受益的Bessel filter贝塞耳滤波器biased adj.加偏压的，有偏向的bill of materials 材料单BIOS abbr. Basic Input Output System基本输入输出系统bipolar adj.双极性的bit vector位向量bland adj.平淡的block diagram 方框图blow up 爆炸，放大blur v使…•模糊BNC bayo net neill-co ncelman 同轴电缆卡环形接头boast v.夸耀Bode plot伯德图bond n.接头Boolean variable 布尔变量boost n.升压，放大bootn.启动，引导，自举boot sector弓丨导扇区bootstran.引导程序pbootstraloader引导装入程序pbrake n.刹车branch instruction分支指令brief adj.短暂的bring up 捉出，引出browse v.浏览budget n.预算budget n.预算budgetary adj.预算的buffer n 缓冲器buffer r 1.缓冲器，缓冲区buildi ng block构件，模块built-in adj.内置的bulky adj.体积大的bulky adj谷量大的，体积大的bun chin.聚束ngbus in terface 总线接口bus in terface 总线接口by one ' s(own) bootstraps 通过自己的努力by way of 经由；作为Ccable n.电缆cable modem 线缆调制解调器cable TV 有线电视cache n.高速缓存CAD Computer Aided Desig n 计算机辅助设计calculable adj.可计算的，能预测的calculation-intensive algorithm 运算密集型算法camcorder n.便携式摄像机can did adj.非排演的，偷拍的capacitive adj.电容性的capacitor n.电容器capacity n.容量，电容capture v .记录，输入carrier wave 载波cascade n 级联cathode n.阴极cauldr on n.大锅炉CB citizens'band 民用波段CCD Charge Coupled Device 电荷耦合器件CD Compact Disc 光盘cell n.细胞，蜂房，电池cellular adj.蜂窝状的characterizati on n.描述，表征charge pump 电荷泵chat n.聊天Chebyshev Type l filter切比雪夫1型滤波器chip rate码片速率chro minance n.色度circular adj.圆形的，循环的circular adj.循环的，环形的circular buffer循环缓冲区class n.类clear-cut adj .界限分明的clever adj.精巧的，灵巧的，巧妙的clich e n空话，套话，废话clock jitter 时钟抖动clump n.块，团CMOS abbr. Compleme ntary Metal-Oxide-Semico nducto互补金属氧化物半导体vi.碰撞，抵触concerned adj.有关的adj.并发的con curre nt process 并发进程con diti onal adj.条件的con diti oning n 调节，调整con duct v 传导con ductivity n.传导性，传导率con figure vt.配置，设定con flict n .冲突，抵触con forma nee n.顺应，一致conjugate adj .共轭的con seque ntly adv.从而，因此con sist of...由…•组成con solidated adj 。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-03
随着时间的推移，人们认识到 随着时间的推移， 电场和磁场是电磁场这一整体 的两个部分。 的两个部分。
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Once this electromagnetic field has been produced from a given charge distribution, other charged objects in this field will experience a force (in a similar way that planets experience a force in the gravitational field of the Sun). If these other charges and currents are comparable in size to the sources producing the above electromagnetic field, then a new net electromagnetic field will be produced.3 如果另外这些电荷和电流的大小与 产生上述电磁场的源是可比的， 产生上述电磁场的源是可比的，那 么将产生一个新的净电磁场。 么将产生一个新的净电磁场。 电磁场中其它带电 体就会受到一个力 的作用
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The electromagnetic field is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction. It is one of the four fundamental forces in the nature (the others are gravitation, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction) 电磁场在空间无限延伸， 电磁场在空间无限延伸， 并描述电磁相互作用。 并描述电磁相互作用。
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For Information Science and Electronic Engineering
Unit 2
Integrated Circuits
Part I
The Integrated Circuit
transistor 晶体管
New Words
topology拓扑，布局
flip-flop触发器，双稳态多谐振荡器 die印模，模子
silicon 硅
valve阀
phosphorous 磷的
insulate绝缘，隔离
bipolar 有两极的，双极的
doping掺杂(质)
base基极
germanium锗
emitter发射极
boron硼
drain漏极
field-effect场效应
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This figure shows both the silicon structures of these elements and their graphical symbolic representation as would be seen in a circuit diagram. The BJT shown is an NPN transistor, because it is composed of a sandwich of N-P-N doped silicon. When a small current is injected into the base terminal, a larger current is enabled to flow from the collector to the emitter.
Collector Emitter Base
N P N
Source
Gate
N P
Drain N
Base
Collector
Emitter BJT
Gate
Drain
Source FET
Anode P N
Cathode
Anode
Cathode Diode
图2.1给出了双极型晶体管 和场效应晶体管的图示。
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查阅大学化学书中的元素周期表，你会查到半 导体是介于金属与非金属之间的一类元素。
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They are called semiconductors because of their ability to behave as both metals and nonmetals. A semiconductor can be made to conduct electricity like a metal or to insulate as a nonmetal does. These differing electrical properties can be accurately controlled by mixing the semiconductor with small amounts of other elements.
diode二极管
collector集电极
slab厚片，板层
gate栅极
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source源极 protrude突出 solder焊接，焊料
New Words ceramic陶瓷 complementary互补的，补充的
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Digital logic and electronic circuits derive their functionality from electronic switches called transistor. Roughly speaking, the transistor can be likened to an electronically controlled valve whereby energy applied to one connection of the valve enables energy to flow between two other connections.1
可使半导体像金属那样导电，或者像非 金属那样绝缘。
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This mixing is called doping. A semiconductor can be doped to contain more electrons (N-type) or fewer electrons (P-type). Examples of commonly used semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Phosphorous and boron are two elements that are used to dope N-type and P-type silicon, respectively.3
由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们 的（各种）功能
粗略地说，晶体管好似一种电子控制阀，由此加在阀 一端的能量可以使能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。
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By combining multiple transistors, digital logic building blocks such as AND gates and flip-flops are formed. Transistors, in turn, are made from semiconductors. Consult a periodic table of elements in a college chemistry textbook, and you will locate semiconductors as a group of elements separating the metals and nonmetals.2
N型硅半导体掺入磷元素，而P型硅半 导体掺入硼元素。
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A transistor is constructed by creating a sandwich of differently doped semiconductor layers. The two most common types of transistors, the bipolar-junction transistor (BJT) and the field-effect transistor (FET) are schematically illustrated in Figure 2.1.