《电子信息工程专业英语翻译》
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 12 译文
Unit 12 生物识别技术Unit 12-1第一部分：指纹识别在所有的生物技术中，指纹识别是最早期的一种技术。
我们知道，每个人都有自己独特的、不可变更的指纹。
指纹是由手指表皮上的一系列峰谷组成的。
指纹的独特性是由这些峰谷的形状以及指纹的细节点所决定的。
指纹的细节点是指纹局部凸起处的一些特性，这些特性出现在凸起的分叉处或是凸起的截止处。
指纹匹配技术可以被分为两类：基于细节的指纹匹配技术和基于相关性的指纹匹配技术。
基于细节的指纹匹配首先要找出细节点，然后在手指上对应出与它们相关的位置，如图12.1所示。
但是，使用这种方法存在一些困难。
要精确地提取指纹的细节点是很困难的。
而且，这种方法不能很好地考虑指纹峰谷的整体形状。
基于相关性的指纹匹配技术可以解决部分基于细节的指纹匹配方法存在的问题，但它也存在一些自身的缺陷。
基于相关性的匹配技术需要给出已注册过的特征点的精确位置，并且该方法会受图像平移和旋转的影响。
图12.1 基于细节的指纹匹配基于细节的指纹匹配技术在匹配不同大小的细节模型时（未注册过的）会存在一些问题。
指纹上局部的凸起结构不能完全由指纹细节实现特征化。
我们可以尝试另一种表达指纹的方法，它可以获得更多的指纹局部信息并且得到固定长度的指纹编码。
于是，我们只需要计算两个指纹编码之间的欧几里得距离，匹配过程有望变得相对简单。
研发对于指纹图像中噪声更稳健并能实时提供更高精度的算法是重要的。
商用指纹（身份）认证系统对给定的错误接受率要求具有很低的错误拒绝率。
在这点上，任何一项简单的技术都很难实现。
我们可以从不同的匹配技术中汇总多个证据从而提高系统的总体精确度。
在实际应用中，传感器、采集系统、性能随时间的变化是关键因素。
为了评价系统性能，我们有必要对少数使用者在一段时间内进行现场试验。
每天我们可以从法医鉴定、出入口控制、驾驶证登记等多个方面的应用中采集并保存大量的指纹。
基于指纹的自动识别系统需要把输入的指纹与数据库中大量的指纹进行匹配验证。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社nglish for IT and EE-08
(bps) of transmitted information in the sense that going to a
higher information rate requires a higher frequency. Thus, the first observation from the frequency line would be that, for optical carriers, which have frequencies in the hundreds of THz, information bandwidth is in some sense free. 信息的带宽在 某种意义上是 免费的 因此在较高的信息率要求较高 的频率这层意义上，要考虑传 输信息的每个bps成本问题
与用于信息传输的光学技术 的潜力有关的
仔细研究表8.1中的频率表可以看到各种用于信息传 A frequency line which gives the wavelengths , the frequencies
, and the photon energy p for the various regions of the frequency
9
2
As wavelengths decrease to approach the size of circuit
components, circuit elements are no longer lumped, and leads
can act as reflective components and/or antennas and lumped
电子信息工程专业英语英译汉翻译
1 The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.晶体管开启了现代电脑工业的革命2 The storage cell only requires one capacitor and one transistor, whereas a flip-flop connected in an array requires 6 transistors.存储单元仅需要一个电容和晶体管，并而不像触发器整列那样需要6个晶体管3 There has been a never ending series of new op amps released each year since then, and their performance and reliability has improved to the point where present day op amps can be used for analog applications by anybody.从此以后每年都有新系列的运放发布，他们的性能和可靠性得到了提升，如今任何人都能用运放来设计模拟电路。
4 This is capable of very high speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry.它具有高速转换能力，从而能适应高速采样速率，但它的基本形式非常耗电。
5 During the “on” period , energy is being stored within the core material of the inductor in the form of flux.在”on”阶段，能量以涌浪形式存储在电感的核芯材料里面6 The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost.频率合成器的设计目标是取代系统中多个振荡器，从而减小板卡面积和成本。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-09
定理规定：采样频率必须 定理规定： 大于两倍的信号带宽
信息科学与电子工程专业英语
Part I
Digital Signal Processing
New Words
sub-field 分领域，子领域 sub分领域， sensor array 传感器阵列 algorithm 算法 purposepurpose-designed 针对目的设计的 integrated circuits 集成电路 wavelet 小波 informed 有知识的，有见闻的 有知识的， crosscross-correlation 互相关 discretization 离散化 partition 分割，分区 分割， sonar 声呐 biomedical 生物特征的 abbreviate 缩写，缩略 缩写， applicationapplication-specific 面向应用的 autocorrelation 自相关 baseband 基带 spatial domain 空间域 interval 间隔 quantization 量化 finite set 有限的集
当灵活性和快速开发比大批量生产的 成本更重要时，DSP算法也可以用现 成本更重要时，DSP算法也可以用现 场可编程门阵列来实现。 场可编程门阵列来实现。
9
4 DSP domains
In DSP, engineers usually study digital signals in one of the following domains: time domain (one-dimensional signals), (onespatial domain (multidimensional signals), frequency domain, autocorrelation domain, and wavelet domains. They choose the domain in which to process a signal by making an informed guess (or by trying different possibilities) as to which domain best represents the essential characteristics of the signal.3 他们按某些依据来猜测（或试验不同的可能 他们按某些依据来猜测（ 性）那一个域能够最好地表示信号的本质特 性来选择在其中进行信号处理的域。 性来选择在其中进行信号处理的域。
专业英语(电子与信息工程类)翻译
1.As data networks advanced…also grew more complex.由于数据网络从面向终端的系统向分组交换、计算机与计算机连接的方向发展, 执行网络功能所必需的协议也变得愈来愈复杂。
2.An additional bit called a parity bit…during transmission.在每个字符的后面有时还包括一个称为奇偶校验位的附加位, 它们测试数据位在传输过程中是否被意外改变。
3.As already stated, with…downlink（FDD paired bands）.如前所述, 在非对称通信量应用中, TD-SCDMA利用可用频谱的效率比其他3G标准高, 因为它在只利用一个频带（TDD单一频带）而不是两个独立的频带（FDD成对频带）进行上行与下行通信。
4.Although often simpler to implement, …digital modulation.虽然光纤系统的模拟调制易于实现, 但其效率较低, 且要求在接收端有比数字调制高得多的信噪比。
5.At present, the bandwidth…electronics （）is possible.目前传输100km的几吉赫兹的调制信号和传输300km的几百兆赫兹的调制信号都是可能的, 因此光纤系统的可用带宽并没有得到充分利用。
6.Both TD-SCDMA deployments-TSD…unpaired bands awarded.TD-SCDMA的两种部署——TSM和TDDCLR的数据速率、频谱利用率、覆盖率、移动性和可靠性等性能是一样的, 并基本上为所有取得非成对TDD频段牌照的运营商所采用。
7.Crossbar sw itching was carried…selection for all calls.纵横制交换由一个称为标志器的特定电路控制, 标志器提供整个号码的公共控制并选择所有呼叫的路由。
电子信息工程专业英语课文翻译(第3版)
电子信息工程专业英语教程第三版译者:唐亦林p32In 1945 H. W。
Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods. Until this time, feedback analysis was done by multiplication and division，so calculation of transfer functions was a time consuming and laborious task. Remember, engineers did not have calculators or computers until the ’70s。
Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system’s stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive. Feedback system design was still complicated, but it no longer was an art dominated by a few electrical engineers kept in a small dark room。
Any electrical engineer could use Bode's methods find the stability of a feedback circuit，so the application of feedback to machines began to grow。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译
Cooperative Peer-to-Peer Streaming:An Evolutionary Game-TheoreticApproachYanChen,StudentMember,IEEE,BeibeiWang,StedengMember,IEEE,W.SabrinaLin,Member,IEEE,Yongle Wu,Student Member,IEEE,and K,.J.Ray Liu,Fellow,IEEE Abstrac t—While peer-to-peer(P2P)video streaming systems have achievedpromising results,they introduce a large number of unnecessary traverse links,which consequengly leads to substantial network inefficiency.To address this problem and achieve better streaming performance,we propose to enable cooperation among “group peers,”which are geographically neighboring peers with large intra-group upload and download bandwidths.C onsidering the peers’selfish nature,we formulate the cooperative streaming problem as an evolutionary game and derive,for every peer,the evolutionarily stable strategy(ESS),which is the stable Nash equilibrium and no one will deviate from.Moreover,we propose a simple and distributed learning algorithm for the peers to converge to the ESSs. ed from the peer’sown padtWith the propo sed algorithm,each peer decides whether to be an agent who downloads data from the peers outside the group or a free rider who downloads data from the agents by simply tossing a coin,where the probability of being a head for the coin is learned from the peer’s own past payoff history.Simulation results shou to the traditional non-cooperative P2P schemes,the proposed cooperative scheme achieves much better performance in terms of social welfare,probability of real-time streaming,and video quality(source rate). IndexTerms—Coopreative streaming,distributed learning,evolutionary,game theory,peer-to-peer(P2P),replicator dynamics.ⅠIntroductionWith the rapid development of signal processing,communication, and networking technologies,video-over-IP applications become more and more popular and have attracted millions of users over the Internet.One simple solution to video streaming over Internet is the client-server service model,where the video is streamed directly from a server to clients.However with the client-server service model, the upload bandwidth of the server grows proportionally with the number of clients, whice makes the large-scale video streaming impractical.To reduce the workload of the server,peer-to-peer(P2P)service model is proposed, where a peer not only acts as a client to download data from the network,but also acts as a server to upload data for the other peers in the network.The upload bandwidth of the peers reduces the workload placed on the server dramatically,which makes large-scale video streaming possible,Recently,several industrial large-scale P2P video streaming systems have been developed,includingCoolstreaming,PPLive,PPStream,UUSee,and Sopcast. Studies show that these systems can support hundreds of thousands of users simultaneously.While P2P video streaming systems have schieved promising results, they have several drawbacks. First, there are a large number of unecessary traverse links within a provider’s network.As observed in ,each P2P bit on the Verizon network,As observed in,each P2P bit on the Verizon network traverses 1000 miles and takes 5.5 metro-hops on average,Second,there is a huge number of cross Internet service provider traffic,The studies showed that 50％-90％of the existing local pieces in active peers are downloaded externally.Third,the differences in playback time among peeers can be as high as 140s,and the lag can be greater if the source rate is higher,Fourth,most of the current P2P systems assume that all peers are willing to contribute their resources.however,this assumption may mot be true since the P2P systems are self-organizing networks and the peers are selfish by nature.Note that the selfish peers will act as free-riders if being free-riders can improve their utilities.译文：对等网络流：进化论的赛局的方法杨晨，学生；王蓓蓓，学生；塞布丽娜林，IEEE成员；永乐吴，学生；永乐刘，学生摘要：而对等网络视频流系统取得了很有前途，但这样的技术引进大量不必要的导线连接,从而导致实质性的网络无效率。
电子信息类专业英语翻译
1.This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate，then flies back to scan another line directly below the previous one and so on，until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scannedin the desired sequence．电子束以均匀的速率扫描每一行，然后飞速返回去扫描下一行，直到把被扫描的图像按所希望的顺序分割成行。
2.The technical possibilities could well exist，therefore，of nation-wide integrated transmission network of high capacity，controlled by computers，interconnected globally by satellite and submarine cable，providing speedy and reliable communications throughout the word因此，在技术上完全可能实现全国性的集成发送网络。
这种网络容量大，由计算机控制，并能通过卫星和海底电缆实现全球互联，提供世界范围的高速、可靠的通信。
3.Transit time is the primary factor which limits the ability of a transistor to operate at high frequency．渡越时间是限制晶体管高频工作能力的主要因素4.The intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance measured from the source of the sound.声强与到声源的距离的平方成反比。
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For Information Science and Electronic Engineering
Unit 3
EM Fields, Antenna and Microwaves
Part I
Electromagnetic Field
New Words
vicinity 邻近，附近 charge 电荷 photon 光子 atom 原子 catastrophe 大灾难，大祸 emission 发射，散发 incident 入射的 electrodynamics 电动力学 gravitational 重力的
stationary 静止的，不变的 quantum 量子 oscillate 振荡 ultraviolet 紫外线的 photoelectric effect 光电效应 metallic 金属的 eject 喷射，强制离开 dynamics 动力学 entity 实体
1
Theቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱelectromagnetic field is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction. It is one of the four fundamental forces in the nature (the others are gravitation, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction)
例如，振荡电荷产生电场和磁场，可 看成平滑的、连续的波动方式。
5
In this case, energy is viewed as being transferred continuously through the electromagnetic field between any two locations. For instance, the metal atoms in a radio transmitter appear to transfer energy continuously. This view is useful to a certain extent (radiation of low frequency), but problems are found at high frequencies (see ultraviolet catastrophe). This problem leads to another view.
从经典的角度，电磁场可认为是光滑、连 续的场，以波动方式传播；而从量子力学 的角度，场可看作是由光子组成的。
4 Structure of the electromagnetic field
The electromagnetic field may be viewed in two distinct ways. Continuous structure: Classically, electric and magnetic fields are thought of as being produced by smooth motions of charged objects. For example, oscillating charges produce electric and magnetic fields that may be viewed in a “smooth”, continuous, wavelike manner.
the Lorentz force law.
电荷和电流与电磁场相互作用 的方式由麦克斯韦方程组和洛 伦兹力定律所描述。
3
From a classical point of view, the electromagnetic field can be regarded as a smooth, continuous field, propagated in a wavelike manner, whereas from a quantum mechanical point of view, the field can be viewed as being composed of photons.
The ultraviolet catastrophe, also called the Rayleigh-Jeans catastrophe, was a prediction of early 20th century classical physics that an ideal black body at thermal equilibrium will emit radiation with infinite power.
电磁场在空间无限延伸， 并描述电磁相互作用。
2
The field can be viewed as the combination of an electric field
and a magnetic field. The electric field is produced by
stationary charges, and the magnetic field by moving charges
(currents); these two are often described as the sources of the
field. The way in which charges and currents interact with the
electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell’s equations and