国家概况--美国部分.doc
美国国家概况
第一节美国国家概况【国名】美利坚合众国（The United States of America）【国旗】星条旗。
呈横长方形，长与宽之比为１９∶１０。
主体由１３道红、白相间的宽条组成，７道红条，６道白条；旗面左上角为蓝色长方形，其中分９排横列着５０颗白色五角星。
红色象征强大和勇气，白色代表纯洁和清白，蓝色象征警惕、坚韧不拔和正义。
１３道宽条代表最早发动独立战争并取得胜利的１３个州，５０颗五角星代表美利坚合众国的州数。
１８１８年美国国会通过法案，国旗上的红白宽条固定为１３道，五角星数目应与合众国州数一致。
每增加一个州，国旗上就增加一颗星，一般在新州加入后的第二年７月４日执行。
至今国旗上已增至５０颗星，代表美国的５０个州。
每年６月１４日为“美国国旗制定纪念日”。
在这一天，美国各地举行纪念活动，以示对国旗的敬重和对合众国的热爱。
【国徽】主体为一只胸前带有盾形图案的白头海雕（秃鹰）。
白头海雕是美国的国鸟，它是力量、勇气、自由和不朽的象征。
盾面上半部为蓝色横长方形，下半部为红、白相间的竖条，其寓意同国旗。
鹰之上的顶冠象征在世界的主权国家中又诞生一个新的独立国家——美利坚合众国；顶冠内有１３颗白色五角星，代表美国最初的１３个州。
鹰的两爪分别抓着橄榄枝和箭，象征和平和武力。
鹰嘴叼着的黄色绶带上用拉丁文写着“合众为一”，意为美利坚合众国由很多州组成，是一个完整的国家。
【国花】玫瑰花，象征着美丽、芬芳、热忱和爱情。
１９８５年经参议院通过定为国花。
【国石】蓝宝石【国鸟】白头海雕（秃鹰）。
美国是世界上最先确定国鸟的国家。
白头雕最早出现于美国的旗帜上是在独立战争期间。
１７７６年７月４日第二次大陆会议发表了《独立宣言》并决定新生的美国必须有一个特殊的国徽。
１７８２年６月２０日，美国国会通过决议，把北美洲特有的白头海雕作为美国的国鸟，并把这种鸟作为国徽图案的主体。
白头雕外观美丽、性情凶猛，头上有丰满的羽毛，它的最大特点是两头白，即白头白尾。
美国概况
美国概况I.简要介绍【General Introduction】一、地理位置【Location】美利坚合众国【The United State of America】，又叫美国【the States/the US/USA】或者山姆大叔【Uncle Sam】美国主要大陆面积地处北美洲中部，北部与加拿大接壤，南部与墨西哥接壤。
美国大陆东临大西洋【the Atlantic Ocean】，西面太平洋【the Pacific Ocean】，南部则是墨西哥湾【the Gulf of Mexico】。
二、美国国旗【American National Flag】美国国旗最初于1777年7月14日面世，国旗上有13条条纹，象征着美国最初的13个州，现在的美国国旗上有50颗星星，象征着现在美国的50个州，美国国旗总共有三种颜色：白色、红色、蓝色。
II.地理【Geography】美国的国土面积是930万平方公里，国土面积位居世界第四，位于俄罗斯、加拿大、中国之后。
美国是由50个州组成的联邦共和制国家。
美国最大的州是阿拉斯加【Alaska】，最小的州是罗德岛【Rhode Island】，美国大陆最大的州是德克萨斯州【Texas】，阿拉斯加和夏威夷于1959年成为美国第49和第50个州，是晚加入的两个州。
美国的大湖区与密西西比水系相连接，构成了世界上最大的内陆淡水水体，同时它也是世界上最大的水路运输通道。
一、地理区域【Geographical Regions】包括夏威夷在内，美国可分为八个自然区域【physical region】，分别是：1.新英格兰地区【New England】2.大西洋中部诸州【the Mid Atlantic States】3.中西部地区【the Midwest】4.南部地区【the South】5.大平原地区【the Great Plain】6.落基山脉和山间地区【the Rockies and Intermountain Region】/ 美国西部地区【the American West】7.太平洋沿岸地区【the Pacific Coast】8.新建州【the New States】1. 新英格兰【New England】新英格兰地区是由东北部的6个州组成的，分别是：缅因州【Maine（位于美国东北角的州）】、新罕布什尔州【New Hampshire】、佛蒙特州【Vermont】、马萨诸塞州【Massachusetts】、罗德岛州【Rhode Island】、康涅狄格州【Connecticut】。
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)(word文档良心出品)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英语国家概况——美国篇
Los Angeles
the second largest city
4 times larger in area than San Francisco
Important electronic center
atomic research center
industry—tires, automobiles & aircrafts
(1)
the eastern part
(2)
(3)
the western part
the Great Plains
——five
Great Lakes
River
——Mississippi
——
The Great Lakes (freshwater) Lake Superior Lake Huron Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake Michigan Niagara Falls between Lake Erie & Lake Ontario on U.S.- Can. navigation linkage of many industrial areas
50 states mainland - 48 states detached territory - Alaska offshore islands - Hawaii Washington D.C. a federal district of Columbia
Three distinct areas
——
The Mississippi River (the father of waters) longest in North America originate from the Lake Itasca (in MN) to the Gulf of Mexico 3780km long 3 million skm of drainage area
英语国家概况(修订版谢福之)美国部分.doc
对错题Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territor y.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropica l zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rain fall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boro ughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyla nd are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of l iving.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were f ounded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible na tion.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in orde r to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible fo r the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of po wers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the co urts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.( T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America. (T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, locati on and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 81.central, east, west2.483.Alaska4.the Mississippi River5.in New England6.California7.Europe8.western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 91.Jamestown, Virginia2. French and British3.the people of the 13 colonies4. the Second Continental Congress5. Emancipation Proclamation6.Neutrality7. Roosevelt8. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.17892. tries to give3. guarantees citizens of4. six, two5.the Secretary of State6.making laws8.electors elected by the votersChapter 111.ore2. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. diplomatic authority4.Alexander Hamilton5.Refrigerator6.Unemployment Pension7.Agribusinesses maintain a8.ServicesChapter 121.elementary2.politics and business education3.Harvard University4.research institutions5. working for communities6. The New York Times7.(PBS)8.July 4thChapter 8 geography and people1. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolita n centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2．Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants wouldls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wini ng the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to enco urage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to redu ce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 10 government1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state w hich they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than s even years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret laws b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cas es that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions ?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full empl oyment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system whi ch gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress t he need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of aborti on they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 11 economy1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specia lized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in Am erica had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industr ies , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its ow n economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nation s.Chapter 12 education , media and holidays1. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public se rvice , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have ma de extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayf lower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not en ough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and t hen they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.简答题（2）Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in waves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Recently,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward di fferent cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society s hould create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants sh ould keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural societ y.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their planta tions and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.W hat’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were again st it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,bu t also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.Bysharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a pow erful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American electio n?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.T o win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make spe eches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will b e the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solv e the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they b ecome President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,Eisenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20th century.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic developm ent.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development.I n the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history.Presiden t Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State E mergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession.The Reagan admini stration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interes t rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the count ry’s economic development on its right course,In all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and a ccessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The sec ond ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand wh at is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
美国概况(1)
美国概况美国（The United States of America），简称美，位于北美洲中部，是北美洲的主要国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
美国的首都是华盛顿特区，其最大城市是纽约市。
美国是一个多元化的国家，拥有众多的民族、文化和宗教。
一、地理位置美国横跨北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北界加拿大，南接墨西哥。
总面积超过9.8万万平方公里，是世界上第三大国家。
美国拥有丰富的自然资源，包括广袤的森林、富饶的农田、丰富的矿产资源以及辽阔的河流和湖泊。
二、历史与政治美国的历史可以追溯到公元前15000年左右的旧石器时代。
15世纪末，欧洲航海家开始探索新大陆，并在16世纪初建立了殖民地。
1776年，美国宣布独立，成立了第一个宪法共和国。
19世纪，美国经历了西部扩张和内战的时期。
20世纪，美国逐渐崛起为世界上最强大的经济和军事大国。
美国是一个联邦制共和国，政府分为三个独立的分支：行政、立法和司法。
总统是国家的最高行政官员，由选举产生。
国会是立法机构，由参议院和众议院两个议院组成。
最高法院是最高司法机构，负责解释和适用宪法。
三、社会与文化美国是一个多元化和移民国家，拥有丰富的文化和社会背景。
美国社会的核心价值观是个人自由、平等和追求幸福。
宪法保障了公民的基本权利，包括言论自由、宗教信仰自由和集会自由。
美国是一个多种族和多文化的国家，由于历史上的移民潮，美国人口中包括来自世界各地的不同族裔。
这种多样性在美国的食物、音乐、艺术和节日中得到了充分体现。
美国也是全球影视和音乐产业的重要中心。
四、经济与科技美国是全球最大的经济体之一，拥有发达的市场经济和先进的科技产业。
美国的经济以服务业为主导，包括金融、医疗、教育和信息技术等。
美国是世界上许多科技公司的总部所在地，引领着全球创新和技术发展的潮流。
美国是全球军事强国之一，拥有先进的军事科技和强大的军事力量。
美国在国际事务中发挥着重要的作用，是联合国的创始成员国之一，也是北约和世界贸易组织的重要成员。
《英语国家概况》美国篇The United States of America
The United States of AmericaPart 1The Country and The American IdentityCommon-sense Knowledge1、全称：The United States of America (美利坚合众国)2、简称： the United States;the U.S.; America.3、National Anthem：《星条旗永不落》 "The Star-Spangled Banner（同时可以叫做国旗）"1931年被美国国会正式定为国歌。
4、National Flower：Rose5、Jet lag: About 16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours (east of America).（了解）6、The Capital: Washington D.C.为纪念美国国父乔治-华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布Christophe而定名7、绰号：山姆大叔（Uncle Sam）Location1、Canada on the north； Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south ；Atlantic Ocean on the east； Pacific Ocean on the west.2、The largest country in the world：Russia，Canada， China，America，brazil，Australia.3、50 states in totalAlaska—the largest ；Rhode Island (罗德岛州)—the smallest ；Texas（德克萨斯州）—the largest on the mainland4、著名城市Boston是Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州的首府5、两边两座山，中间一条河。
美国概况第1章
美国概况第一章☆国旗美国国旗是星条旗(the Star-Spangled banner)，旗面左上角为蓝色星区，区内共有9排50颗白色五角星，以一排6颗、一排5颗交错。
星区以外是13道红白相间的条纹。
50颗星代表美国50个州，13道条纹代表最初北美13块殖民地。
据华盛顿说：红色条纹象征英国，白色条纹象征脱离它而获得自由。
更普遍的说法认为，红色象征勇气，白色象征自由，蓝色则象征忠诚和正义。
美国的地理概况：美利坚合众国 (United States of America) 从大西洋到太平洋，几乎横跨整个北美洲大陆，面积仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中华人民共和国，排名第四。
它的领土还包括北极边缘的阿拉斯加以及远在太平洋赤道地区的夏威夷。
美国广大土地上包含各种自然景观。
从佛罗里达温暖的海滩到阿拉斯加寒冷的北国地带；从中西部平坦广阔的大草原到终年为冰雪覆盖的落矶山脉，其中尤其享誉全球的是壮观的大峡谷、伟大的密西西比河，及声如雷鸣的尼加拉大瀑布。
面积比较大约有俄罗斯的一半大；大约相当于非洲面积的十分之三；大致相当于南美的一半（或者比巴西稍大一点）。
☆美国独立战争，也称“北美独立战争”。
指1775年波士顿人民在美国莱克星顿与英军交战拉开独立战序幕到1783年英军在法国签订《巴黎条约》投降的战争。
美国独立战争既是一次民族独立战争，又是一次资产阶级革命。
☆国务卿威廉．西华买下阿拉斯加了：1867年3月30日在1867年3月30日，国务卿威廉．西华(William H. Seward) 同意从俄国手中以7百万美金的代价买下阿拉斯加地区。
你是否觉得用来购买这片没经过探索的土地的代价太过于昂贵了呢？在那个时候，有人批评西华疯了，并称这个为「西华的蠢事」。
因为以这么高的代价买下这个「西华的冰柜」，以及安德鲁．詹森的「北极熊的花园」，西华遭到各界的嘲笑。
但是西华很久以前就想要买下阿拉斯加了。
阿拉斯加的幅员广大，可以让美国领土扩大20％。
英美国家概况(美国部分)Unit 10 Land, People, and Natural Resources
2. The Variety of the Land
Interior Lowlands
Moving eastward from the Rocky Mountains and stretching to the Appalachians is a huge area of lowland plains.
1. What do you know about the land features of the USA?
2. Which area does America’s “breadbasket” refer to? Explain the reasons.
3. What climates does the USA have?
The United States of America
The United States of America
Unit 10
Land, People, and Natural Resources
Warming-up Activities
Think about these questions before we start:
University of International Business and Economics Press
2. The Variety of the Land
Mountains and Valleys of the Pacific Region The Pacific region extends from California to Alaska and includes Hawaii. It is home to the country’s greatest mountain ranges, its highest (and “tallest”) mountains, and some of the continent’s most stunning scenery.
英语国家概况-美国部分【清晰完整版】
Chapter 13 geography 地理位置I. Location and size1. The full name of the United States is the United States of America. The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in America. Alaska borders on northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。
2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。
3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
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英语国家概况第十三章美国地理位置GeographyChapter: 13 geography 地理位置1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。
（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）2。
The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。
3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
4。
The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。
5。
The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。
（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）6。
The Mississippi River is the largest river in American,over 6000 kilometers.The Mississippi has been called "father of waters"or "old man river"密西西比河是美国最长河流，有被称作“众水之父”或“老人河”。
7。
The Ohio river has been called the American Ruhr,As in Germany, the area along the river is rich in valuable deposits of high-grade coking coal and is well known for its steel industry.The river provides cheap water transportation for raw materials.俄亥俄河被称作美国的鲁尔河，就像德国一样，沿河有丰富的高品千周的焦煤，并且因其钢铁而著名。
另外，该河还为原材料提供了廉价的水路运输。
8。
On the Pacific side there are two great rivers:the Colorado in the south and the Columbia ,which rises in Canada.太平洋沿岸有两大河：科罗拉多河及哥伦比亚河。
9。
The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.格兰德河是美国和墨西哥之间的开然界河（本细节考选择和简答可能性大）10。
the most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior,which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan ,the only entirely in the U.S.,Lake Huron,Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.美国最重要的湖泊是五大湖：苏必利尔湖，密歇根湖，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖，其中，苏必利尔湖为世界最大淡水湖，密歇根湖完全是美国境地内。
11。
美国气候概述1) A humid continental climate(湿润的大陆性气候）is found in the north-eastern part of the country.2) In the south-eastern United States you can find a humid subtropical climate.(湿润的亚热带气候---东南部）3）The Pacific northwest is favored with a maritime climate海洋性气候--太平洋西北岸）4）The southern part of the Pacific coast in California（加州太平洋沿岸南部）has a Mediterranean climate (地中海式气候）with warm,dry summers and moist winters.12。
Many factors besides latitude influence the climate in the United States.Perhaps the most important forces are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,the Gulf of Mexick ,and the Great Lakes.影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西泮，墨西哥湾，五大湖。
13。
Traditionally from the east to the west the United States can be divided into seven geographical regions.美国从东到西可分为七个地理区。
14。
New English is made up of six states of the Northeast .Becaust of its stony soil it is not noted for its agriculture .Dairying is the most inportant farm activity,New English is also well-known for its position in education,Many famous universities and colleges such as Yale,Harvard,thd Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) are located here.新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成，由于土壤多石，不利于农业生产，乳制品业是最重要的农业活动，许多重点大学如耶鲁大学，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都坐落于此。
15。
New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees,which came to stand for alll American.新英格兰人最初曾被称作“美国佬：这一名称，后来渐渐指所有的美国人。
（选择）16。
The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the united states.大西洋中部各州的人口占美国总人口的1/5。
17。
The soil is rich,the rain usually pientiful and the growing season long,These factors make the Midwest America''s most important agricultural area .It is also a major manufacturing region and the nation''s leading center of heavy industry.中西部地区是美国最重要的农业区，也是主要的制造业区各最主要的重工业区。
18。
Chicago,the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industral and commercial center of the area.芝加哥是五大湖最大最忙的港口，也是该地区最大的工商业中心。
19。
Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world.Omaha is known as the agricultural capital of the United states.底特律被称作“汽车之都，奥马哈被称作农业之都。
20。
Dry farming ,irrigation farming,and the cattle and sheep herding are the main cativities of the Great Plains of the American West.旱地农业，灌溉农业和牛羊牧业是美国西部大平原地区的主要活动。
21。
Colorado has been called the steel city of the west ,Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains.科罗拉多市被称作“西部钢城”，丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市。