机械工程专业英语 李光布 饶锡新 主编 p7-p9 READING MATERIAL 课文翻译
机械工程专业英语翻译华中科技大学版李光布
1.机械设计过程机械设计的最终目标是生产一种满足客户需求的有用产品，而且这种产品安全，高效，可靠，经济，实用。
当回答这个问题时，广泛地思考，我将要设计的产品或系统的客户是谁？在产品设计之前，了解所有客户的期望和期望是至关重要的。
营销专业人员经常被用来管理客户期望的定义，但是设计师可能会把他们作为产品开发团队的一部分。
许多方法被用来确定客户想要什么。
一种被称为质量功能部署或QFD的流行方法寻求（1）识别客户期望的所有特征和性能因素，以及（2）评估这些因素的相对重要性。
QFD过程的结果是产品的一组详细功能和设计要求。
考虑设计过程如何配合为客户提供令人满意的产品所必须发生的所有功能以及在产品的整个生命周期中为产品提供服务也很重要。
事实上，重要的是考虑产品在使用寿命后如何处置。
影响产品的所有这些功能的总和有时被称为产品实现过程或PRP。
PRP中包含的一些因素如下：•营销功能来评估客户的要求•研究确定可在产品中合理使用的可用技术•可以包含在产品中的材料和组件的可用性•产品设计和开发•性能测试•设计文件•供应商关系和采购职能•考虑全球材料采购和全球营销参加工作的技能•物理工厂和设施可用•制造系统的能力生产计划和生产系统的控制•生产支持系统和人员•质量体系要求•销售操作和时间表•成本目标和其他竞争性问题•客户服务要求•产品在生产，操作和处置过程中的环境问题•法律要求•金融资本的可用性你可以添加到这个列表吗？您应该能够看到，产品的设计只是综合过程的一部分。
在本文中，我们将更加注意设计过程本身，但必须始终考虑设计的可生产性。
产品设计和制造过程设计的同时考虑通常被称为并行工程。
2.机械设计所需的技能产品工程师和机械设计师在日常工作中使用广泛的技能和知识。
这些技能和知识包含在以下容中：•素描，技术制图和计算机辅助设计•材料的性质？材料加工*和制造过程•化学的应用，如腐蚀防护，电镀和喷漆静力学动力学材料的强度，运动学和机制流体力学，热力学和传热•流体动力，电气现象的基本原理和工业控制•材料和机械系统的实验设计和性能测试•压力分析•齿轮，皮带传动，链传动，轴，轴承，键，花键，联轴器，密封件，弹簧，连接（螺栓连接，铆接，焊接，粘接），电动机，直线运动等机械元件行为的专业知识装置，离合器和制动器•创造力，解决问题和项目管理口头沟通，听力，技术写作和团队合作技巧3.功能，设计要求和评估标准第1节强调了在开始设计机械设备之前仔细确定客户的需求和期望的重要性。
机械工程专业英语复习资料
AC=alternative current交流AGV=Automated Guided Vehicle自动导引小车AGVS= Automated Guided Vehicle System自动导引小车系统AMT=advanced manufacturing technology先进制造技术ANSI=American National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会APT=Automatically Programmed Tools自动数控程序BOM=Bill of Material物料清单CAA=Computer Aided Analysis Process计算机辅助分析过程CAD=Computer-Aided Design计算机辅助设计CADD=Computer-Aided Design Drafting计算机辅助设计制图CAE=computer aided engineering计算机辅助工程CAM=Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机辅助制造CAIT=computer aided testing and inspection计算机辅助实验与检测CAPP=Computer Aided Process Planning计算机辅助工艺设计CHP=chemical Polishing 化学抛光CIM=Computer integrated manufacturing计算机集成制造CBN=Cubic Boron Nitride立方氮化硼CMM=Coordinate Measuring Machine三坐标测量机CNC=computer numerical control电脑数字控制DC=direct current直流DNC=Direct Numerical Control直接数字控制DOF=degrees of freedom自由度DXF=data exchange format数据交换格式ECM=Electrochemical Machining电解加工EBM=Electron beam machining电子束加工EDM=Electrical Discharge Machining电火花加工EGM= enhanced graphics module增强型图形模组FA=factory automation工厂自动化FDM=Fused Deposition Modelling熔融沉积成型FEA=Finite element analysis有限元分析FMC=flexible manufacturing component柔性制造单元FMS=Flexible Manufacturing System柔性制造系统Finite-element有限元Four-bar linkage四连杆机构GNC=graphical numerical control图形数控GT=Grease Trap润滑脂分离器HPM=hard-part machining硬态切削HSS=High-Speed-Steel高速钢IGES=initial graphic exchange specification初始图形交换规则ISO=International Standardization Organization国际标准组织IT=International Tolerance(grade)国际公差JIT=Just in Time准时生产LBM=Laser beam machining激光切削加工LED=light-emitting diode发光二级管LMC=least material condition最小实体状态LOM=Laminated Object Manufacturing叠层实体制造技术MMC=maximum material condition最大实体状态MATL=material材料MC=machining center加工中心NC=Numerical Control数字控制NMP=Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes特种加工技术PCB=printed circuit boards印刷电路板PLC=Programmable Logic Controller PLC控制PKW=parallel kinematics machine并联机床QTY=quantity required需求数量RGV=rail guided vehicle有轨自动导引小车RPM=Rapid Prototype Manufacturing快速成型技术SL= Stereo Lithography光固化成型SLA=Stereo Lithography Apparatus立体印刷技术/光固化立体造型SLS=Selective Laser Sintering选择性激光烧结USM=Ultrasonic Machining超声波加工VNC=voice numerical control声音控制WEDM=Wirecut Electrical Discharge Machining电火花线切割加工WJM/C=water-jet machining/cutting水射流切削3D PRINT 3D打印一、将下列单词译成汉语Mechanism（机械，机构，机构学）configuration（外形，构造，结构）displacement（位移）velocity（速度）acceleration（加速度）gear（齿轮）sprocket（链轮）pulley（带轮）kinematician /dynamics（运动/动力学，力学）kinematician（运动）cam凸轮camshaft凸轮轴accuracy精度dependability可靠性pulley滑轮flywheel飞轮crank曲柄sprocket链轮axle心轴spindle主轴clutche离合器brake制动shaper牛头刨床planer龙门刨pulley皮带轮flywheel飞轮spindle轴clutche离合器crank曲柄sprocket链轮axle车轴brake制动warpage配气机构coolant冷却剂二、将下列词组译成汉语kinematic chain（运动链）skeleton diagram（草图，示意图，简图）Gear system/Cam system（齿轮传动系统/凸轮系统）uniform motion/nonuniform motion（匀速运动/非匀速运动）nonlinear motion（非线性运动）kinematic analysis（运动分析）schematic diagram（运动简图）textile machinery（纺织机械）Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（运动设计/运动合成）machinedesign（机械设计）Gear trains/ Cam mechanisms（轮系，齿轮传动链/凸轮机构）dynamic force/inertia force/ static force（动力/惯性力/静力）relative velocity/ absolute velocity（相对速度/绝对速度）angular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetalacceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度/向心加速度/速度矢量）binary link/ ternary link（二杆组/三杆组）the basecircle（基圆）the pitch curve（啮合曲线）the contact force（接触力）the intermittent motion （间歇运动）the common normal（公法线）the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）the involute profiles （渐开线齿形）the spurgear（直齿轮）the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）the face gear（端面齿轮）the radial distance （径向距离）the addendumcircle（齿顶圆）The tooth thickness（齿厚）the tooth space（齿间隙）the cap screws（螺钉）the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）theengineering graphics（工程力学）mechanical design（机械设计）the installation techniques（安装技术）the bolted joint（螺栓连接）the hardened washers（强化垫圈）the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）theantifriction bearing（减摩轴承）the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）the rolling contact （滚动接触）the sliding contact（滑动触电）the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）the machining tolerances（加工公差）the fatigue loading （疲劳载荷）the radial loads（径向负荷）the thrust loads逆负荷the ball bearing球轴承the roller bearing滚子轴承the single-row bearings单沟轴承thedouble-row bearing双沟轴承the needle bearing滚针轴承the bearing life轴承寿命The rating life额定寿命the axis of rotation旋转轴The helix angle螺旋角a right-hand helix 右旋a left-hand helix左旋an involute helicoids螺旋面an involute curve渐开线theshaft centerlines轴中心线worm gear蜗轮the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮right angle直角worm gearing蜗杆传动the lead angle导角shaftangle轴线角度bending load弯曲载荷tension load张力负荷compression load压缩负载torsional load扭转负荷the bending moment弯矩the bending stress弯曲应力the shot peening喷丸法the actuating force工作力the coefficient of friction摩擦系数Anelectromagnetic coil电磁线圈the magnetic circuit磁路the design specifications中国设计规范the industrial engineering工业工程the machining industry加工行业the machine shops机器商店machine tool机床angular displacements角位移The electric motor电机transmission Linkage传输连接the cutting force切削力the static loads静态负荷the dynamic loads动态载荷the grinding wheel砂轮lubricating oil润滑油the cutting fluids切削液protective guards防护装置the cutting tool刀具the range of feeds进给量enginelathes普通车床turret lathes六角车床the boring machine镗床the drilling machines钻床the milling machines铣床the broachingmachines绞孔机；拉床the sawing machines锯床the cylindrical grinder外圆磨床the centreless grinders无心磨床the surface grinders平面磨床the chemical milling铣削the ultrasonic machining超声波加工a toolholder刀架a compound rest复式刀架the feed screw丝杆the feed rod光杆The feed box进给箱power feed进给the full depth大切削深度thread cutting螺纹切削a chasing dial螺纹指示盘the forward stroke冲程the return stroke回程the clapper box摆动刀架thehydraulic shaper液压牛头刨床the universal machines通用机械universal joints万向节Tracer milling仿形铣the master pattern模型the acceleration of gravity重力加速度conducting material导电材料non-conducting material绝缘材料三、将下列短语译成汉语1.Plane and spatial linkages（平面和空间连杆）2.constrained kinematic chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（约束运动链/非约束运动链）3.closed-loop linkage（闭环运动链）4.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）5.slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑块机构）6.internal combustion engine（内燃机）7.the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（机构运动分析）8.degree of freedom of the mechanism（机构自由度）9.kinematic analysis process /kinematic synthesis process（运动分析步骤/运动合成步骤）10.input angular velocity（输入角速度）11.input angular acceleration（输入角加速度）12.automatic packaging machinery（自动包装机）13.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）14.mechanical analog computer（机构模拟计算机）15.dead-center position（死点位置）16.crank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄摇杆机构/双摇杆机构/双曲柄机构）17.maximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量组成/输出的最大力或力矩）18.output motion variables/input motion variable（输出运动变量/输入运动变量）19.absolute angular positions（绝对角位置）20.velocity polygon method（速度的多边形的方法）21.instantaneous center method/instant center method（瞬心法/即时瞬心法）22.inertia-force analysis of mechanisms and machines（机构和机器的惯性力分析）23.one and the same coordinate system /inertia frame of reference（惯性参考系）24.systematic design of mechanisms（机械设计的系统）25.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）26.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）27.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构28.a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件29.a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例30.a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比31.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率32.the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮33.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮34.the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮35.the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮36.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮37.the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉38.the fillister head screws槽头螺钉39.the flat head screws 平头螺钉40.the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。
《机械工程专业英语》李光布饶锡新Lesson2CarbonandAlloySteel..
Lesson 2 Carbon and Alloy SteelTEXTSteel is probably the most widely used material for machine elements because of its properties of high strength, high stiffness, durability and relative ease of fabrication. The term steel refers to and alloy of iron, carbon, manganese and one or more other significant elements. Carbon has a very strong effect on the strength, hardness and ductility of any steel alloy. The other elements affect hardenability, toughness, corrosion resistance, machinability and strength retention at high temperatures. The primary alloying elements present in the various alloy steels are sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium.1.Importance of CarbonAlthough most steel alloys contain less than 1.0% carbon, it is included in the designation because of its effect on the properties of steel. As Figure 1.2illustrates, the last tow digits indicate carbon content n hundredths of a percent.As carbon content increases, strength and hardness also increase under the same conditions of processing and heat treatment. Since ductility decreases withincreasing carbon content, selecting suitable steel involves some compromisebetween strength and ductility.As a rough classification scheme, a low-carbon steel is one having fewer than30 points of carbon (0.30%). These steels have relatively low strength but goodformability. In machine element applications where high strength is not required, low-carbon steels are frequently specified. If wear is a potential problem,low-carbon steels can be carburized to increase the carbon content in the veryouter surface of the part and to improve the combination of properties.Medium-carbon steels contain 30 to 50 points of carbon (0.30%-0.50%).Most machine elements having moderate to high strength requirements withfairly good ductility and moderate hardness requirements come from this group.High-carbon steels have 50 to 95 points of carbon (0.50%-0.95%). The high carbon content provides better wear properties suitable for applications requiringdurable cutting edges and for applications where surfaces are subjected to constant abrasion. Tools, knives, chisels, and many agricultural implement components are among these uses.2.Stainless SteelsThe term stainless steel characterizes the high level of corrosion resistance. To be classified as a stainless steel, the alloy must have a chromium content of at least 10%. Most have 12% to 18% chromium.The three main groups of stainless steels are austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. Austenitic stainless steels fall into the AISI 200 and 300 series. They are general-purpose grades with moderate strength. Most are not heat-treatable, and their final properties are determined by the amount of working. These alloys are nonmagnetic and are typically used in food processing equipment.Ferritic stainless steels belong to the AISI 400 series, designated as 405, 409, 430, 446, and so on. They are magnetic and perform well at elevated temperatures, from 1300℉to 1900℉(700℃-1040℃). They are notheat-treatable, but they can be cold-worked to improve properties. Typical applications include heat exchanger tubing, petroleum refining equipment, automotive trim, furnace parts, and chemical equipment.Martensitic stainless steels are also members of the AISI 400 series, including 403, 410, 414, 416, 420, 431 and 440 types. They are magnetic, can be heat-treated, and have higher strength than the AISI 200 and 300 series, while retaining good toughness. Typical uses include turbine engine parts, cutlery, scissors, pump parts, valve parts, surgical instruments, aircraft fittings, and marine hardware.3.Structural SteelsMost structural steels are designated by ASTM numbers established by American Society for Testing and Materials. The most common grade is ASTMA36, which has a minimum yield point of 36000 psi (248MPa) and is very ductile. It is basically a low-carbon, hot-rolled steel available in sheet, plate, bar, and structural shapes, such as wide-flange beams, American standard beams, channelsand angles.Most wide-flange beams are currently made using ASTM A992 structural steel, which has a yield point of 50 ksi to 65 ksi and a minimum tensile strength of 65 ksi. An additional requirement is that the maximum ratio of the yield point to the tensile strength is 0.85. This is a highly ductile steel, having a minimum of 21% elongation in a 2.00-inch gage length. Using this steel instead of the lower strength ASTM A36 steel typically allows smaller, lighter structural members at little or no additional cost.Hollow structural sections (HSS) are typically made from ASTM A500 steel that is cold-formed and either welded or made seamless. Included are round tubes and square rectangular shapes. There are different strength grades can bespecified. Some of these HSS products are made from ASTM A501 hot-formed steel having properties similar to the ASTM A36 hot-rolled steel.Many higher-strength grades of structural steel are available for use in construction, vehicular, and machine applications. They provide yield points in the range from 42 000 psi to 10 000 psi (290 MPa-700MPa).4.Tool SteelsTool steels refers to a group of steels typically used for cutting tools, punches, dies, shearing blades, chisels and similar uses. The numerous varieties of toolsteel materials have been classified into seven general types. Whereas most uses of tool steels are related to the field of manufacturing engineering, they are also pertinent to machine design where the ability to maintain a keen edge underabrasive conditions is required. Also, some tool steels have rather high shockresistance which may be desirable in machine components such as parts formechanical clutches, pawls, blades, guides for moving materials and clamps.READING MATERIALThe final properties of steels are dramatically affected by the way the steels are produced. Some processes involve mechanical working, such as rolling toa particular shape or drawing through the dies. In machine design, many bar-shaped parts, shafts, wire and structural members are produced in these ways. But most machine parts, particularly those carrying heavy loads, are heat-treated to produce high strength with acceptable toughness and ductility.Carbon steel bar and sheet forms are usually delivered in the as-rolling condition, that is, they are rolled at an elevated temperature that eases the rolling process. The rolling can also be done cold to improve strength and surface finish. Cold-drawn bar and wire have the highest strength of the forms, along with a very good surface finish. However, when a material is designated to be as-rolled, it should be assumed that it was hot-rolled.1.Heat TreatingHeat treating is the process in which steel is modified its properties by different elevated temperatures. Of the several processes available, those most used for machine steels are annealing, normalizing, through-hardening (quench and temper), and case hardening.Figure 1.3 shows the temperature-time cycles for these heat treating processes. The symbol RT indicates normal room temperature, and LC refers to the lower critical temperature at which the ferrite transformation begins during the heating of the steel. At the upper critical temperature (UC), the transformation is complete. These temperatures vary with the composition of the steel. For most medium-carbon (0.30%—0.50%) steels. UC is approximately 1 500°F(822℃). References giving detailed heat treating process data should be consulted.1)AnnealingFull annealing (Figure 1.3(a)) is performed by heating the steel above the upper critical temperature and holding it until the composition is uniform. Then the steel is cooled very slowly in the furnace until its temperature is below the lower critical temperature. Slow cooling to room temperature outside the furnace completes the process. This treatment produces a soft, low-strength form of the material, free of significant internal stresses. Parts are frequentlycold-formed or machined in the annealed condition.Stress relief annealing (Figure 1.3 (b)) is often used following welding, machining, or cold forming to relieve residual stresses and thereby minimize subsequent distortion. The steel is heated to approximately 1 000 °F to 1 200 °℉(540℃—650℃), held to achieve uniformity, and then slowly cooled in still air to room temperature.NormalizingNormalizing (Figure 1.3 (c)) is similar to annealing, but at a higher temperature, above the transformation range where austenite is formed, approximately 1 600 ℉(870℃). The result is a uniform internal structure in the steel and somewhat higher strength than annealing produces. Machinability and toughness are usually improved over the as-rolled condition.2.Through-Hardening and Quenching and TemperingThrough-hardening (Figure 1.3(d)) is accomplished by heating the steel to above the transformation range where austenite forms and then rapidly cooling it in a quenching medium. The rapid cooling causes the formation of martensite, the hard and strong form of steel. The properties of the martensite forms depend on the alloy’s composition. An alloy containing a minim um of 80% of its structure in the martensite form over the entire cross section has high hardenability. This is an important property to look for when selecting a requiring high strength and hardness steel. The common quenching media are water, brine, and special mineral oils. The selection of a quenching medium depends on the required cooling rate. Most machine steels use either oil or water quenching.Tempering is usually performed immediately after quenching and involves reheating the steel from a temperature of 400℉to 1 300℉(200℃—700℃) and then slowly cooling it in air to room temperature. This process modifies the steel’s properties. Tensile strength and yield strength decrease with increasing tempering temperature, whereas ductility improves, as indicated by an increase in the percent elongation. Thus, the designer can tailor the propertiesof the steel to meet specific requirements. Furthermore, the steel in its as-quenched condition has high internal stresses and is usually quite brittle. Machine parts should normally be tempered at 700 ℉(370℃) or higher after quenching.(a)full annealing (b) stress relief annealing(c) normalizing (d) quenching and tempering(through-hardening)Figure 1. 3 Heat treatments for steels3. Case HardeningIn many cases, many parts require only moderate strength although the durface must have a very high hardness. In gear teeth, for example, high surface hardness is necessary to resist wearing as the mating teeth come into contact several million times during the expected life of the gears. At each contact, a high stress happens at the surface of the teeth. In this condition, case hardening is used. The surface (or case) of the part is given a high hardness to a depth of perhaps 0.010 in to 0.040 in (0.25 mm—1.00 mm), although the interior of the part (the core) is affected only slightly, if at all. Theadvantage of surface hardening is that as the surface receives the required wear-resisting hardness, the core of the part remains in a more ductile form which is resistant to impact and fatigue. The most used processes of case hardening are flame hardening, induction hardening, carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding, carbo-nitriding.。
机械工程专业英语翻译华中科技大学版李光布修订稿
机械工程专业英语翻译华中科技大学版李光布集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]1.机械设计过程机械设计的最终目标是生产一种满足客户需求的有用产品，而且这种产品安全，高效，可靠，经济，实用。
当回答这个问题时，广泛地思考，我将要设计的产品或系统的客户是谁？在产品设计之前，了解所有客户的期望和期望是至关重要的。
营销专业人员经常被用来管理客户期望的定义，但是设计师可能会把他们作为产品开发团队的一部分。
许多方法被用来确定客户想要什么。
一种被称为质量功能部署或QFD的流行方法寻求（1）识别客户期望的所有特征和性能因素，以及（2）评估这些因素的相对重要性。
QFD过程的结果是产品的一组详细功能和设计要求。
考虑设计过程如何配合为客户提供令人满意的产品所必须发生的所有功能以及在产品的整个生命周期中为产品提供服务也很重要。
事实上，重要的是考虑产品在使用寿命后如何处置。
影响产品的所有这些功能的总和有时被称为产品实现过程或PRP。
PRP中包含的一些因素如下：营销功能来评估客户的要求研究确定可在产品中合理使用的可用技术可以包含在产品中的材料和组件的可用性产品设计和开发性能测试设计文件供应商关系和采购职能考虑全球材料采购和全球营销参加工作的技能物理工厂和设施可用制造系统的能力生产计划和生产系统的控制生产支持系统和人员质量体系要求销售操作和时间表成本目标和其他竞争性问题客户服务要求产品在生产，操作和处置过程中的环境问题法律要求金融资本的可用性你可以添加到这个列表吗？您应该能够看到，产品的设计只是综合过程的一部分。
在本文中，我们将更加注意设计过程本身，但必须始终考虑设计的可生产性。
产品设计和制造过程设计的同时考虑通常被称为并行工程。
2.机械设计所需的技能产品工程师和机械设计师在日常工作中使用广泛的技能和知识。
这些技能和知识包含在以下内容中：素描，技术制图和计算机辅助设计材料的性质材料加工*和制造过程化学的应用，如腐蚀防护，电镀和喷漆静力学动力学材料的强度，运动学和机制流体力学，热力学和传热流体动力，电气现象的基本原理和工业控制材料和机械系统的实验设计和性能测试压力分析齿轮，皮带传动，链传动，轴，轴承，键，花键，联轴器，密封件，弹簧，连接（螺栓连接，铆接，焊接，粘接），电动机，直线运动等机械元件行为的专业知识装置，离合器和制动器创造力，解决问题和项目管理口头沟通，听力，技术写作和团队合作技巧3.功能，设计要求和评估标准第1节强调了在开始设计机械设备之前仔细确定客户的需求和期望的重要性。
机械工程专业英语第二版必考翻译(完整版)
机械工程专业英语第二版必考翻译(完整版)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：1.With low-power machinery or vehicles the operator can usually apply sufficient force through a simple mechanical linkage from the pedle or handle to the stationary part of the brake. In many cases, however, this force must be multiplied by using an elaborate braking system.（P5）用低能机器或传力工具，操作者通过向踏板或把手的一个简单机械连接构件作用足够的力量到车闸固定的部分。
大多数情况，然而，用一个详细（复杂）的车闸系统使这个力量成倍增加。
2. The fundamental principle involved is the use of compressed air acting through a piston in a cylinder to set block brakes on the wheels. The action is simultaneous on the wheels of all the cars in the train. The compressed air is carried through a strong hose from car to car with couplings between cars; its release to all the separate block brake units, at the same time, is controlled by the engineer. (Braking Systems)（P5）相关的基本原理是使用压缩气体，通过气缸内的活塞将闸块压在车轮起作用。
(完整版)机械工程专业英语
Lesson11、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time.对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。
他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。
静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个引述，动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析。
2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action.作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。
力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离，力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。
3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum.力学涉及两种类型的量，标量和矢量。
机械工程专业英语(李光布_华中科技大学出版社)课后答案
《机械工程专业英语》翻译李光布饶锡新主编华中科技大学出版社Lesson11 numerical controlIntroductionOne of the most fundamental concepts in the area ……………………数控就是用一个穿孔的纸带或存储的程序来控制机床，美国电子工业协会对数字控制所下的定义为：“一个各项工作都有在各点上直接插入的数字来控制的系统，该系统必须至少能够自动解释这些数字中的部分。
”生产某个零件所需要的数据被称作这个零件程序数控比先前的手工操作生产更多的机械设备，数控机床能够自动的生产不同种类的零件，并且这些零件都有各种各样复杂的加工工艺过程，数字控制使得制造者们可以承担产品的加工，其产品的加工从经济的观点上看使用人工控制机床和加工过程是不太可行的的当一个孔被钻或冲出后，刀具向上撤回快速移动到下一个位置，重复这个步骤，路线沿着一个位置到另一个位置在某一方面是很重要的，他必须挑选一个是经过的时间减少、更有效（的路线）。
点对点的系统主要用于钻床、冲床和连续的铣工序中最近对DNC（现在表示分布式数字控制）的定义涵盖了“使用主计算机作为控制系统，来管理大量的带有机载微型计算机的独立的计算机数控机床”的含义。
这种系统提供了更大的存储和计算机能力来灵活的克服直接数控的缺陷。
计算机数字控制是由控制微型计算机作为机器集成的部分或某种设备一部分的系统（如机载计算机）。
零件程序由编程者事先准备好，该程序应结合由绘图软件包和加工仿真中获得的信息，从而确保零件没有程序缺陷。
机器操控者可以很容易的通过手工对机载计算机进行控制，操作者能够直接对程序进行修改，并为不同的零件制定和存储程序Lesson14 CAMTEXT1.introductionComputer-aided manufacturing involves the use of ……………………计算机辅佐制造的含义是：使用计算机和计算机技术来协助产品制造的所有环节，其中包括加工工艺和生产的辅助设计、加工、生产计划制定、管理和质量控制等！由CAD开发的数据库首先被存储，然后由CAM做进一步的处理，转化为对生产设备和材料处理设备进行操作和控制所必须的数据和命令，对产品的质量进行自动的检测和测试！CAD\CAM的出现对制造业有很大的影响，标准化生产的发展和设计努力、试验和原型工作的减少。
机械工程专业英语
机械工程专业英语第一课机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering一、专业英语概述1. 什么是翻译：翻译就是将一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
机械工程英语翻译就是将机械工程学科的英语原著由原作语言(source language)用译文语言(target language)忠实、准确、严谨、通顺、完整地再现出来，使人们能够借助汉语译文准确无误地了解英语机械工程著作所阐述的工程技术内容和科学理论。
机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering2. 翻译例句例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.例2. The tolerance should not be so big.例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 例4. Connect the black pigtail with thedog-house.例5. The importance of computer in the use of manufacturing can not be overestimated.机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.错误译法：控制中心，吸烟自由。
正确译法：控制中心，严禁吸烟。
例2. The tolerance should not be so big.a. 此公差不应给这么大。
（机械学）b. 忍耐力不会有这么大。
(关于人体的耐受性)c. 抗毒性不会有这么强。
（医学）例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 错误译法：狗驾驶员使轮子停转。
专业译法：止动器使轮子停止旋转。
《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译
机械工程专业英语教程第一课：机械工程简介Introduction to Mechanical EngineeringSection 1: OverviewMechanical engineering is a diverse and dynamic field that encompasses the design, development, and operation of machinery, structures, and systems. This branch of engineering plays a crucial role in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, and energy.Section 2: Responsibilities and SkillsAs a mechanical engineer, your responsibilities will include designing and analyzing mechanical systems, conducting tests and experiments, and supervising the manufacturing process. You will also need to have a strong understanding of physics, mathematics, and computer-aided design (CAD). Additionally, problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well in teams are essential.Section 3: Career OpportunitiesA degree in mechanical engineering can open up a wide range of career opportunities. You could work in research and development, product design, manufacturing, or projectmanagement. Mechanical engineers are in demand in almost every industry, ensuring a stable and rewarding career path.Section 4: University CoursesTo become a mechanical engineer, it is essential to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering from a reputable university. The curriculum typically includes courses in engineering principles, materials science, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanical design. Additionally, practical training through internships or cooperative education programs is crucial for gaining hands-on experience.Section 5: ConclusionMechanical engineering offers a challenging and rewarding career for those with a passion for solving problems and a desire to create innovative solutions. With the right education and skills, you can embark on a successful journey in the field of mechanical engineering. Remember, the possibilities are endless in this ever-evolving discipline.第二课：机械设计基础Fundamentals of Mechanical DesignSection 1: IntroductionIn this lesson, we will explore the fundamentals of mechanical design. Mechanical design involves the creation and development of physical systems and components that meet specific requirements and specifications. This processrequires a deep understanding of materials, mechanics, and engineering principles.Section 2: Design ProcessThe design process typically follows a systematic approach that includes several stages. These stages include problem identification, conceptual design, detailed design, manufacturing, and testing. Each stage involves various activities such as brainstorming, prototyping, and evaluation.Section 3: Design ConsiderationsDuring the design process, there are several important considerations to keep in mind. These include functionality, efficiency, reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It is also crucial to consider the environmental impact and sustainability of the design.Section 4: Tools and SoftwareTo aid in the design process, engineers use various tools and software. Computer-aided design (CAD) software allows for precise modeling and simulation of mechanical systems. Finite element analysis (FEA) software helps in analyzing the structural integrity and performance of designs.Section 5: Case StudyTo further understand the application of mechanical design principles, we will examine a case study. This real-world example will demonstrate how the design process isimplemented to solve a specific problem and achieve desired outcomes.Section 6: ConclusionMechanical design is a critical aspect of mechanical engineering. It requires a combination of creativity, technical knowledge, and attention to detail. By mastering the fundamentals of mechanical design, you will be well-equippedto tackle complex challenges and contribute to the development of innovative solutions.以上是《机械工程专业英语教程》的课文翻译。
机械工程专业英语-007[10P][203KB]
2.
Q: When do 2 and 2 make more than 4?
A: When they make 22.
Humor
But the teacher cried
The six-year-old John was terribly spoiled . His father knew it, but his grandma doted on him. He hardly left her side. And when he wanted anything, he either cried or threw a temper tantrum. Then came his first day of school, his first day away from his grandmother's loving arms. When he came home from school, his grandma met him at the door. "Was school all right?" she asked, "Did you get along all right? did you cry?" "Cry?" John asked. "No, I didn't cry, but the teacher did!"
长句的译法
b）顺序法：英语长句的叙述层次基本上与汉语相同时，可以按英语的顺序 ，依次译出。如：
A broaching line which produces a completely broached (linking) rod and cap every 12 seconds comprises two linked standard Cincinnati (company name辛辛那提) chain broachers, one a 30 by 114 and the other a 30 by 120 machine, with specially designed automatic loaders, locating devices and work transfer equipment. 每隔12秒钟完成一副连杆体和连杆帽的全部拉削工序的拉削自动线，是由两台辛辛 那提普通链式拉床连结而成的。一台是30X114，另一台是30X120。自动线上备有 专用的自动上料、定位和工件输送装置。
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机械设计是设计并且/或者选择机械组成部分和汇集他们的过程实现一个期望作用。
当然，机械零件一定是适合的，必须一起很好适合，并且必须安全地和高效率地执行。
设计师必须考虑到时被设计的元素的不仅表现，而且它必须协调的元素。
为了说明如何机元素必须与较大的机械设计让我们结合的设计考虑小型拖拉机速度减速器的设计。
假定，要完成的速度减少，你决定要设计双-减少、齿轮减速机。
您指定四个齿轮、三轴、六个轴承和一套住房在正确的关系彼此举行的各个元素。
减速机的主要元素是:
输入的轴是连接到电源，其输出轴的旋转速度为 2 000 rpm 的汽油发动机。
灵活的耦合是受雇，尽量减少与对齐方式的困难。
齿轮，A 和 B 的拳头对导致中间轴齿轮的齿数的比例成正比的速度在减少。
齿轮 B 和C 是装载到中间轴和旋转 ai 的速度相同。
在每个齿轮的中心和安装传输扭矩齿轮与轴之间的轴之间的接口使用一个密钥。
齿轮、 C 和 D，第二对进一步降低至 295 rpm 的齿轮 D 和输出轴的速度，290 rpm 的范围。
输出轴是执行链链轮。
链传动最终是拖拉机的要连接到驱动轮。
三个轴的每个支持的两个球轴承，使它们超静定和允许的部队并强调使用标准的力学原理分析。
轴承的住房，要附加到框架的拖拉机在举行。
请注意举行每个轴承内, 圈与轴一起旋转而在外圈举行固定式的方式。
海豹是输入和输出轴，禁止污染物进入住房上。
如何安装，活跃的元素的详细信息润滑，并对齐，只建议在这一阶段的设计过程来证明可行性。
一个可能的装配过程可能如下所示：
开始通过他们各自的轴上放置齿轮、钥匙、垫片和轴承
然后插入其轴承座住房的左侧的输入的轴。
将中间轴的左端接合齿的齿轮 A 和 B 同时插入到其轴承座
安装中心轴承支持为在右侧的输入轴轴承提供支持。
通过放置其左进中心轴承同时从事齿轮 C 和 D.支持的座位支撑安装输出轴
安装右侧盖房屋同时将最后两个轴承放在自己的座位。
确保仔细的轴的对齐方式。
地方齿轮润滑剂在下半部分的房屋。
这样，他们跨越齿轮和房屋的一般配置的齿轮、轴承的位置安排也是设计决策。
设计过程理性无法继续执行，直到这种决定，就。
时的整体设计从概念上，可以进行速度减速机中的个别机器元素的设计。
你应该认识到您已经通过呈现这种素描作了许多设计决策。
首先，选择齿轮而不是螺旋齿轮、蜗杆和蜗轮或锥齿轮。
事实上，其他类型的速度减少设备——带传动、链驱动器或其他许多人——可能是欣赏。
1.齿轮
对于齿轮副中，你必须在每个齿轮的牙齿、变桨直径、面宽和材料及热处理工艺沥青（大小）指定齿的数。
这些规格取决于力量的注意事项和磨损的齿轮齿数和议案要求（运动学）。
你也必须承认必须以确保正确位置齿轮、足够的扭矩（通过键）转递能力从齿轮轴向和安全矿井设计的方式在轴上安装齿轮。
2.轴
有设计齿轮副下, 一步你会考虑轴设计。
由于在齿轮轮齿的受力情况下，轴加载中弯曲和扭转。
因此，它的设计必须考虑强度和刚度，和它必须允许安装的齿轮和轴承。
不同直径的轴可用于提供针对的坐的齿轮和轴承的肩膀。
可能有 keyseats 切成轴。
输入和输出轴将超越的房屋，允许耦合与发动机和驱动桥。
必须考虑的耦合的类型，因为它会产生巨大的影响作用的轴应力分析。
输入和输出轴上的密封保护内部组件。
3.轴承
接下来是轴承的设计。
如果要使用收费接触轴承，你将很可能从制造商的目录，选择商业上可用轴承而不设计一项独特。
你必须第一次设计。
此外必须考虑转速和合理的设计和生活的轴承与轴都要装入其兼容性。
例如，轴分析的基础上，您可以指定在每个轴承座位置，以确保安全压力水平最低的允许直径。
轴承选为支持特定部分的轴，然后，必须有孔 (内直径) 安全，轴的直径不小于。
当然，轴承不应远远大于必要。
当选择特定轴承时，必须指定直径或在轴承座位置和公差轴，根据轴承制造商的建议，以实现正确的操作和轴承的寿命。