高级英语第二册第三版 第三课Inaugural Address修辞汇总
高级英语2第三版 张汉熙 课后答案
Q ALESSON 1 PUB TALK AND KING’S ENGLISHQ B:1.2.3.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．4. In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．5.6.7.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．III:1.No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.2.It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper.3.Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.4.Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place.5.The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.6.We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time.7.The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide.8.I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.9.Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.10.We would never have talked about Australia, or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.IV A:1.on the rocks： metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks2． get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression “You got out of bed the wrong way”． It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed．)3．on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring． It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting．4． turn up one’s nose at：scorn；show scorn for5．into the shoes：metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression)， think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant，i． e． as if one were a Saxon peasant6 .come into one’s own： receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition657．sit up at：(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice ofIV B:1．ignorant指缺乏知识，可以是就整体而言(如 an ignorant man)，也可以是就某一具体方面或问题而言(如 ignorant of the reason of their quarrel对他们争吵的起因毫无所知)；illiterate意为缺乏文化修养，尤指读写能力的缺乏； uneducated指没有受到正规的、系统的学校教育；unlearned意为学问不富(未必无知)，既可指一无所长，又可指某一方面所知有限，如unlearned in science，意为对科学懂得有限，但对其他学科，如文学、哲学等，倒可能是很精通的。
(完整版)高级英语第二册第三版第三课InauguralAddress修辞汇总
1.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.。
高级英语第二册修辞复习
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1.The conversation had swung from Australian convicts of the 19th century to theEnglish peasants of the 12th century. Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The conversation was on wings.—metaphor2.As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual education, we ought to thinkourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. —metaphor3.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries-Auden once said that all a writerneeds is a pen, plenty of paper and "the best dictionaries he can afford"--but I agree with the person who said that dictionaries are instruments of common sense.—metaphor4.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips andslides in conversation.—alliteration5.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the great minds aresupposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century Paris, but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food and the wine. —synecdoche6.Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.—metaphorLesson 3 Inaugural Address1Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assurethe survival and the success of liberty—parallelism3United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.—antithesisLesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy1Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. —metonymy4Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis 5It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Butch, my roommate at the University of Minnesota. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. —hyperbole, simile6One more chance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. —synecdoche7Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor 8"1 may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. —transferred epithetLesson 5 The Sad Young Men1The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan ona country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting ”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor3The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916, the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy4Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it), by the movies and magazines (which made it attractively naughty while pretending to denounce it), and by advertising (which obliquely encouraged it by 'selling everything from cigarettes to automobiles with the implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible).—metonymy5Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor 6These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but toemigrate to Europe where “they do things better.”—personification, metonymy, synecdoche7The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphorLesson 6 Loving and Hating New York1The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscanini’s NBC Symphony once played now sit empty most of the time, while sitcoms cloned and canned inHollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways fromCalifornia. — alliteration and metaphor2Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood.— metonymy3New York was never Mecca to me. —metonymy4Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.—personification 5So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—metonymy6The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.—euphemism7Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.—personificationLesson 8 The Future of the English1Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness. —metaphor, personification2Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show – a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full colour. —metaphor3As it is they are like a hippopotamus blundering in and out of a pets’ tea party —simile4But it is worth noting along the way that while America has been for many years the chief advocate of 'Admass', America has shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into early graves. —transferred epithet5Yes, Englishness is still with us. But it needs reinforcement, extra nourishment, especially now when our public life seems ready to starve it. —metaphor6There are English people of all ages, though far more under thirty than over sixty, who seem to regard politics as a game but not one of their games – polo, let us say.—metaphor7And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson 10 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American1When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my “place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America, I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be very crippling too; and, anyway, a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persistent—as rain, snow, taxes or businessmen.—simile6In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, not the statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphor。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
19. …causing rampaging floods… violent
共勉： Let's not cry about what's gone. We' ll just start all over.
Lesson2
Marrakech 刘彩虹
Figure of speech
• 1、 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.(P1) —Contrast(对比) • 2、They rise out of the earth，they sweat and starve for a few years.(P3) • ---Alliteration(头韵)
• 10、 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.（P26）
• 7、She accept- ed her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.(P19) -----Alliteration(头韵)
（word完整版）高级英语InauguralAddress中英笔记
（word完整版）高级英语InauguralAddress中英笔记L4. Inaugural Addressinaugural (adj.) : of an inauguration就职(典礼)的;1. We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signify ing renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebear s prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.1.今天我们庆祝的不是政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利。
这象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开端，表示了一种更新，也表示了一种变革。
因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前，宣读了我们的先辈在170多年前拟定的庄严誓言。
signify (v.) : be a sign or indication of；mean表明；意味almighty (adj.) : having unlimited power；all—powerful有无限权力的；全能的forebear (n.) : an ancester 祖先，祖宗prescribe (v.) : set down as a rule or direction；order；ordain；direct命令；指示；规定，订立2.The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe,1the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.2. 现在的世界已大不相同了，人类的巨手掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困，又能毁灭人间的各种生活的力量。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
• 2、The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (P2)
Lesson 1
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
马莺歌
Figures of speech
1. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,” he said. 封舱 安然度过
采取果断行动以迎接困难
7. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. 有条理地
8. …asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks.待到结束
Inaugural Address 【结构、修辞、文章特点】
• change -- the change from Eisenhower to
Kennedy
(para1)
❤metaphor
torch （para3）
• ideals
• duty • revolution
(⊙o⊙)
• responsibility --- of keeping human rights
5.Specific comment on the speech
– Kennedy was an eloquent speaker. He is specially trained. This speech is very powerful and wonderful. He lays his emphasis on the successful appeals to the emotion of the listeners.
❤antithesis
• United we can do everything.
Divided we can do nothing. (para6)
• instruments of war-- weapons, bombs, for waging wars
• instruments of peace -- machines, tools for
❤parallelism
• Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. （Para14）
• Let both sides ×4 （para15-18）
❤alliteration
• Both sides overburdened…yet both racing ... (para13)
高级英语 Inaugural Address 笔记整理
L4. Inaugural Addressinaugural (adj.) : of an inauguration就职(典礼)的;1. We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signify ing renewal,as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath庄严的誓言our forebear s prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.1.今天我们庆祝的不是政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利。
这象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开端，表示了一种更新，也表示了一种变革。
因为我已在你们和全能的上帝面前，宣读了我们的先辈在170多年前拟定的庄严誓言。
signify (v.) : be a sign or indication of；mean表明；意味almighty (adj.) : having unlimited power；all—powerful有无限权力的；全能的forebear (n.) : an ancester 祖先，祖宗prescribe (v.) : set down as a rule or direction；order；ordain；direct命令；指示；规定，订立2.The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebear s fought are still at issue around the globe,1the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.2. 现在的世界已大不相同了，人类的巨手掌握着既能消灭人间的各种贫困，又能毁灭人间的各种生活的力量。
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1.Metaphor（暗喻）
1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.
2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.
4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.
6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.
7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world
2.Antithesis（对照）
A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.
2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.
And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can do
for your country.
3.Parallelism（排比）
1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and
unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.
2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.
3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.
4.Repetition（重复）
1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.
2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:
4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.
5.Alliteration（头韵）
1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...
2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,
3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...
4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.
6.Rhyme（尾韵）
...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..
7.Synecdoche（提喻）
...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...
8.Climax（渐升）
All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.。