英美文学欣赏资料-3.romantic literature

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英美文学 (2)

英美文学 (2)

名词解释ke Poets 湖畔派诗人Who with Wordsworth from the trio of so-called Lake Poets2.Byronic Hero 拜伦式英雄A proud revolutionary figure of noble origin .Such a hero appears first in child Harold’s Pilgrimage .The figure is modalled on the life and personality of Byronic himself and make a Byron famous both at home and abroad.3.ode 颂A lyric poem of some length, dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung .4.Romanticism 浪漫主义Romanticism began in the year of 1798.This movement was a renewed interest in medieval literature. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with S.T. Coleridge. And it ended in the year of 1832 with the appearance of Walter Scott.十九世纪浪漫主义背景1、Historical background: Thomas Paine---“Declaration of Rights of Man”“liberty, equality and fraternity”.2、Ideologically: The principle of Ration was giving way to an individualized, free,liberty attitude toward life.3、Economically: Industrial Revolution .Agricultural society →Modernindustrialized one.十八世纪与十九世纪文学对比(between Neoclassicism and Romanticism)1.reason VS passion2.reason VS imaginationmercial VS natural4.industrial VS pastoral5.present VS past6.society VS individual7.order and stability VS freedom8.decorative expression VS simple and spontaneous expression十九世纪浪漫主义形式1.poetry2.drama3.dramatic poem十九世纪浪漫主义诗人派别划分1.Pre-romantic poets:(1)William Black(2)Robert Burns2.the elder generation:(1)Coleridge(2)Wordsworth(3)Southey共同点:1.radical youth 2.conservative old age 3.long life3.Satanic School:(1)Byron(2)Shelley(3)Keats共同点:1.rebellious 2.revolutionary romantic 3.short life华兹华斯1.主要创作对象:landless and homeless peasants. And the poor.2.写作特点:Simplicity and purity of the language.(simple&pure)3.反对:fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry.拜伦恰尔德哈洛德游记:1.四个诗章 four cantos2.内容:The first canto of the poem is devoted to Portugal and Spain. The secondcanto deals with Albania and Greece. The third canto begins and ends with the touching of the author to his daughter Ada. The fourth canto sings the beauty of Italy.唐璜:1.Don Juan, Byron’s greatest work, was written in the prime of 1818-1823.2.16个大部分分为三个小部分:(1)1-4:The author describes the glorious past.(2)5-8: It deeds with the present condition of the Greece.(3)8-16: It shows the author’s optimism towards the revolution.拜伦与雪莱对比:Byron:He stressed personal happiness and sorrow and believed the power of individual hero, but had a contempt for common people.Shelley: He had faith in the collective strength of people and he worked for the interest of the mass.雪莱西风颂1.主题:The poet express his envy for the boundless freedom of west wind and his wishes that his words spread among mankind.2.八个比喻济慈初读查普曼译荷马史诗比喻:本体----First looking into Chapman’s Homer喻体----(1)like a new planet swims into some watcher’s ken.(2) like explorer finds the Pacific.主题:It shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion.维多利亚女王时期1.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens. He describes the misery and suffering of common people especially the childhood.2.William Makepeace Thackeray’s novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society.3.批判现实主义作家相同点:(1)Their satirical portrayal of bourgeosie and the exposure of the greed andhypocrisy of the ruling classes.(2) Their profound humanism(3) These writers create positive characters.狄更斯:成名作:Pickwick Papers第一部:Oliver Twist第二部:The Old Curiosity Shop第三部:David Copperfield第四部:Hard Time第五部:A Tale of Two Cities第六部:Great Expectation萨克雷唯一代表作:名利场分标题含义:1.There is no male character in this novel.2.There is no positive character in this novel.。

自考《英美文学选读》(美)浪漫主义时期(4)

自考《英美文学选读》(美)浪漫主义时期(4)

IV. Walt Whitman Whitman is a giant of American letters. His Leaves of Grass has always been considered a monumental work which commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of American democratic ideals. He is the poet of the common people and the prophet and singer of democracy. ⼀。

⼀般识记 Whitman's life He was born in 1819 into a working-c1ass family and grew up in Brook1yn, New York. Son of a carpenter, Whitman left his schooling for good at eleven, and became an office boy. Later on he changed several jobs, one of which was in the printing office of a newspaper, which would be of great he1p in his literary career. By this early age he had a1ready shown his strong love for literature, reading a great deal on his own, especially the works of Shakespeare and Milton,and developed his potential for the writing career in the future. Before he was 17 years o1d he had already had his poems printed on a paper, although these early works were not comparable to his later and mature ones. However, Whitman did not become a professional writer directly henceforth, until an opportunity came up which sent him back to New York City,where he formal1y took up journalism and indulged himself in the excitement of the fast-growing metropolis. Feeling compe1led to speak up for something new and vital he found in the air of the nation, Whitman turned to the manual work of carpentry around 1851 or 1852, as an experiment to familiarize himself with the reality and essence of the life of the nation. At the same time, he widened his reading to a new scale and made it more systematic. After enriching himself simultaneously by these two very different, approaches, Whitman was ab1e to put forward his own set of aesthetic princip1es. Leaves of Grass was just the expression of these principles. ⼆。

英美文学选读笔记整理版英国Romantic

英美文学选读笔记整理版英国Romantic

Chapter 3 ------------The Romantic Period(英国)Romanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.Historical background:Rousseau’s ideas provided guiding principles for the French Revolution (1789-1794)The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one.Political reforms and mass demonstrations shook the foundation of aristocratic rule in Britain.Cultural background1.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought, French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Rousseau established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit. Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of English playwright William Wordsworth.2. The Romantics saw man essentially as an individual in the solitary state and emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.3. In the works of the sentimental writers, we note a new interest in literatures and legends other than those of Greece and Rome. It was in effect a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason.Features of the romantic literature1.Expressiveness: Instead of regarding poetry as “a mirror to nature”, the romantics hold that the object of the artist should be the expression of the artist’s emotions, impressions, or beliefs2. Imagination: Romantic literature puts great emphasis on the creative function of the imagination, seeing art as a formulation of intuitive, imaginative perceptions that tend to speak a nobler truth than that of fact, logic, or the here and now.3.Singularity: Romantic poets have a strong love for the remote, the unusual, the strange, the supernatural, the mysterious, the splendid, the picturesque, and the illogical.4. Worship of nature: Romantic poets see in nature a revelation of Truth, the “living garment of God”.5.Simplicity: Romantic poets tend to turn to the humble people and the everyday life for subjects, employing the commonplace, the natural and the simple as their materials6.The Romantic period is an age of poetry.The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.The major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott.Gothic novel was one phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernaturalWillam BlakePoints of view:1. Politically Blake was a rebel, mixing a good deal with the radicals like Thomas Paine. He strongly criticized the capitalists’cruel exploitation. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution and regarded it as a necessary stage leading to the millennium predicted by the biblical prophets.2. Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a contempt for the rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual’s imagination.His works: Poetical Sketches (1783)Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790)Songs of Innocence (1809)Songs of Experience (1794)1. Songs of Innocence (1809)It is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. In this volume, Blake, with his eager quest for new poetic forms and techniques, broke with the traditions of the 18th century. He experimented in meter and rhyme and introduced bold metrical innovations which could not be found in the poetry of his contemporaries2. Songs of Experience (1794)This volume of poetry paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A number of poems from the Songs of Innocence also find a counterpart in the Songs of Experience. The two books hold the similar subject matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ.ComparisonThe two “Chimney Sweeper”poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic circumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor, and an ideological circumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The previous one indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect of “illusory happiness”; the poem from the latter reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.Special features:Fight for freedom, especially for the inner spiritual freedom of the individual, is a major topic in his poetry.Blake writes his poems in plain, simple and direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beautyHe distrusts the abstractness and tends to embody his views with visual images.Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.The Tiger Give brief answers:In what sense can we say The Tiger is a poem about art/This poem is about the artistic creation. The tiger is a real and natural beast, but the image of the tiger is man made. It is the fruit of an artist s imagination .William Blake1. His workshe is a poet and an engraver. He is the first romantic poet.Childhood is central to his concernA. Songs of innocencea. a happy and innocent world, though not without evils and sufferings.b. visionB. Songs of experiencea. A world of miseryb. the nature of religion2. Distinctive featuresA. Visual imagesB. music beautyC. Symbolism in wide rangeWhat does the word "weep " meanHere weep means sweep, it is the child s lisping attempt at the chimney sweeper s street cry.The Tiger is a poem about art, about the adequacy of words and painting. Though the tiger is a real natural beast, the images and myths with which we surround it are the fruits of imagination.William wordsworth(1770-1850)Literary point of viewHe was strongly against the neoclassical poetry. He thought the source of poetic truth was the direct experience of the senses. Poetry originated from “emotion recollected in tranquility”. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also change the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.Special features:1. Wordsworth is regarded as a ‘worshipper of nature’. He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature.2. Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes.His works:1. Lyrical Ballads 1798This collection of poems is generally regarded as the landmark in English literature, for it started a poetical revolution by using the common, simple and colloquial language in poetry. The poems were written in the spirit and in the pattern of the early story-telling ballads. They are simple tales about simple life told in simple style and simple language to express the simple emotions in simple lyricism.2. The Preface to Lyrical Ballads 1802The Preface deserts its reputation as a manifesto in the theory of poetry. He claimed that the great subjects of poetry were “the essential passions of the heart”and “the great and simple affections”as these qualities interact with “the beautiful and permanent forms of nature”.Interpret the poemNature and man come together explicitly in this stanza when the speaker says that his heart dances with the daffodils.The poem moves from the sadly alienated separation felt by the speaker in the beginning to his joy in recollecting the natural scene. The emptiness of speaker s spirit is transformed into a fullness of feeling as he remembers the daffodils.Questions1. Why is lyrical Ballades is regarded as the landmark in English literature2. What is the significance of William Wordsworth s poetryA. two groups of his worksB. themesa. poems about nature the fusionb. poems about human life Lucy poemsC. featuressimple themes drawn from humble life expressed in the language of ordinary peopleNostalgicSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)His points of view:1. Politically he was first an enthusiastic supporter of the French Revolution. In his later period, he was a fiery foe of the rights of man, of Jacobinism. He insisted that a government should be based upon the will of the propertied classes only, and should impose itself upon the rest of the community from above.2. Religiously, he was a pious Christian. He would regard nature, poetry and faith as the source of human restoration.3. Artistically Coleridge thought that art was the medium between man and nature, poetry was the flower of all human knowledge and that the imagination was the means to unite the thoughts and passions. He believed that art was the only permanent revelation of the nature of reality. A poet should realize the vague intimations derived from his unconsciousness without sacrificing the vitality of the inspiration.4. Philosophically and critically, Coleridge opposed the limited and rationalistic trends of 18th-century thought. He courageously stemmed the tide of the of the prevailing doctrines derived from Hume and Hartley, advocating a more spiritual and religious interpretation of life, based on what he had learnt from Kant and Schelling.His literary achievements:His achievement as a poet can be divided into 2 remarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the conversational. Mysticism and demonism with strong imagination are the distinctive features of the demonic group. And the conversational group generally speaksmore directly of an allied theme: the desire to go home, not to the past, but to what Hart Crane beautifully called “an improved infancy”. His poetic themes range from the supernatural to the domesticColeridge is one of the first critics to give close critical attention to language, maintaining that the true end of poetry is to give pleasure “through the medium of beauty”. He sings highly Wordsworth’s “purity of language”, “deep and subtle thoughts”, “perfect truth to nature”and his “imaginative power”.His works:There are as many different interpretations of “Kubla Khan”as there are critics who have written about it. In the criticism of the last 50 years, one may distinguish, broadly, four major approaches to this poem: (i) interpretations of it as a poem about the poetic process; (ii) readings of it as an exemplification of aspects of Colerdgean aesthetic theory; (iii) Freudian analysis; and (iv) Jungian interpretations (Maintaining Jung's psychological theories, especially those that stress the contribution of racial and cultural inheritance to the psychology of an individual.Comment on the whole poem:1. Kubla Khan who ordered a pleasure-dome and elaborate gardens to be constructed in Xanadu, is often viewed as a type of artist. His creation is a precariously balanced reconciliation of the nature and the artificial. The description of Kubla’s palace and gardens illustrates the work of the arranging and ornamenting fancy.2. The poem reveals a dramatic conflict. In the first two stanzas, the poet describes both the marvelous and magnificent palace and supernatural mysteries. The ‘sacred river’that runs through them is the link that connects them. Here, the picturesque landscape is a symbol of life and the dark ‘caverns’are a symbol of death. And the ‘sacred river’runs into infinity of death. In the third stanza, the poet tries to reach a reconciliation of the natural and the artificial by religious spells.3. The spirit of the poem is cool and non-human. One feels no real warmth even in the sunny garden. The poet, who is half-present in the end, is dehumanized behind his mask. In this poem dwells the magic, the “dream”and the air of mysterious meaning. ChristabelPart IIt is the middle of the night by the castle clock, and the owls have awakened the crowing cockTu whit tu whooAnd hark, again the crowing cock,How drowsily it crew.Sir leoline, the Baron rich,Has a toothles mastiff bitchFrom her kennel beneath the rockShe maketh answer to the clockFour for the quarters, and twelve for the hourEver and aye, by shine and shower,Sixteen short howls, not over loudSome say, she sees my lady s shroud.Sir leoline is weak in health,And may not well awakened be,But we will move as if in stealth,And I beseach your courtesyThis night, to share your couch with me.A damsel with a dulcimerIn a vision once I sawit was ……1. What does mount Abora in line five refer to .2. what does this part describeit is a description of one part of the poet s dream in which a young girl is playing a dulcimer and singing. It revels the poet s longingfor a poetic world.3. Questions List his approaches to interpret kubla khanA. The poetic processB. aesthetic theoryC. Freudian analysisD psychological analysisWhat is Coleridge s contribution to English literatureA. assessment a poet , a critic,B. two groups of poemsa. demonic神诋诗------ themes , featuresb. Conversational------ themes , featuresC. writing techniquesa. dreamlike atmosphere, Gothic elements e.g. mysticism, demonismb. compelling conversational powersstructureThe first stanzas are products of pure imagination the pleasuredome of kubla khan is not a useful metaphor for anything in particular, however, it is a fantastically prodigious descriptive act. The poem becomes especially evocative when after the second stanza, the meter suddenly tightens the resulting lines are terse and solid, almost beating out the sound of the war drums. The fourth stanza states the theme of the poem as a whole where the speaker once had a vision of the damsel singing of Mount Abora, and the dangerous power of the vision.George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)Points of view:Politically Byron has a strong passion for liberty and an intense hatred for all tyrants.Artistically, Byron continued in the tradition of classicism that had been advocated by the writers of the Enlightenment in the 18th century.Major worksDon JuanDon Juan is a great comic epic, a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover. Byron invests in Juan the moral positives like courage, generosity and frankness, which, according to Byron, are virtues neglected by the modern society.Special features:Byron’s diction, though unequal and frequently faulty, has on the whole a freedom, copiousness and vigor.The glowing imagination of the poet rises and sinks with the tones of his enthusiasm, roughing into argument, or softening into the melody feeling and sentiments.Byron employed the Ottva Rima (Octave Stanza) from Italian mock-heroic poetry.Selected works1. “Song for the Luddites”This is one of the two poems written by Byron to show his consistent support or the Luddites The poet’s great sympathy for the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown“The Isles of Greece”(from Don Juan, Canto III)It is among Byron’s most effective poetical utterances on national freedomThis song consists of sixteen six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter, with a rhyme scheme of ababcc.1. His works and themesa. Childe Harold s pilgrimage -------a young wanderer questing for freedomb. Don Juan --------a panoramic view of different types of society2. Characterizationthe Byronic hero3. Featuresa. ideas revolt against neoclassical reason, and fight for freedomb. images Byronic heroc. artistic forms comic epicd. innovations ottva rimaA stream sometimes smooth, sometimes rapid and sometimes rushing down in cataractsDon Juan: Dedication1 Bob Southey! You're a poet--Poet-laureate,2 And representative of all the race;3 Although 'tis true that you turn'd out a Tory at4 Last--yours has lately been a common case;5 And now, my Epic Renegade! what are ye at?6 With all the Lakers, in and out of place?7 A nest of tuneful persons, to my eye8 Like "four and twenty Blackbirds in a pye;questions1. What does the tree of Liberty in the poem song for the luddites refer toIt means that the democratic movement of the working people will develop prosperously like a growing tree.2. What is the Byronic heroNarrative poems Political Corruption Religious Hypocrisy Moral degeneracyPercy bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)Major works:Proemtheus Unbound (1819)The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as “the most perfect of my products”.The main idea running through this dramatic poem is that of freedom—the freedom of democracy“Ode to the West Wind”(1819)The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becomes an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, and its universality. The whole poem has a logic of feeling, a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”The poem is written in the terza rima form Shelley derived from his reading of Dante.In Defence of Poetry (1822)It is Shelley’s chief work of literary criticism. His emphasis is on the universal and permanent forms, qualities, and values that all great poems, as products of imagination, possess in common.Special featuresHis poetry has a great variety of poetical style. It is sometimes very rich and joyous and full of colors and odors, and sometimes marked by purity and austerity.His poetry is rich in myth, symbols and classical allusions. For him subtleties of diction were the heart and soul of poetry. His verse is particularly rich in terms describing the elements: fire, air, water, wind, and earth.His poetry has a strong dramatic power.His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech, which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us.Selected readings: “Ode to the West Wind”1. The keynote in the poem is Shelley’s ever-present wish for himself and his fellow men to share the freedom of the west wind2. Shelley’s west wind is a symbol of “spirit”, which is a dynamic, universal force that is both destructive and constructive.3. The stanza Shelley invents for this ode is a highly complicated fusion of the sonnet and of terza rima, with a rhythm scheme ofaba bcb cdc ded eeShelley“the heart of all hearts”1. His works and themesa. Men of England ----Against Political oppression and economic exploitationb. Ode to the West Winda. theme Destructive and constructiveb. structure logic,c. form terza rima2. Featuresa. erudite,b. figures of speech e.g. personification, metaphorOde to the west wind by John MansfieldIt’s a warm wind, the west wind, full of birds criesI never hear the west wind but tears are in my eyes.For it comes from the west lands, the old brown hillAnd April s in the west wind, and daffodils.John Keats (1795-1821)Selected reading: “Ode on a Grecian Urn”:1. Main idea:In this poem Keats shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion. The poet has absorbed himself into the timeless beautiful scenery on the antique Grecian urn: the lovers, musicians and worshippers carved on the urn exist simultaneously and for ever in their intensity of joy.The poem can be divided into two parts, with the first 4 stanzas as part I, and the last stanza as part II. In the first part, Keats looks at the urn subjectively; in the second part he looks at it objectively. As a result of both ways of observation, he is finally able to see it as “a friend to man, to whom thou say’st / Beauty is truth, truth beauty.”Comprehension:In the 2nd stanza, the word “therefore”in the second line concludes a poetic argument in which silence, having symbolized the timeless and unmoving, is succeeded by music as an expression of activity and passion.In the 3rd stanza, there is a relaxation of tension, a blurring of the fineness and accuracy of the registration, and a certain hectic and feverish quality, panting, and cloyed, burning and parching, return too sharply and too immediately to the poet’s personal life.The 4th stanza blends the natural word in “green alter”with the traditional piety of ordinary people implicit in the little town and the emptied streets.In the 5th stanza, Keats is seeing the urn as a piece of fine art objectivelyAs a beautiful vase, it lures Keats into an impersonal experience of beauty.Comment on the poemThe poem can be divided into two parts, with the first 4 stanzas as part I, and the last stanza as part II. In the first part, Keats looks at the urn subjectively, i.e. that is the beauty created by the art; in the second part he looks at it objectively, i.e. the urn takes the poet back to reality, the human world of agony.The theme of the poem is the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human life.1. His works and themesa. ode to a nightingale contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agonyb. ode on a Grecian urn contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human life2. Features: empathicWilliam Blake ---------visual images, symbolism in wide range William Wordsworth --------simplicitySamuel Taylor Coleridge ------------demonism, conversational powersGeorge G. Byron------------- ideas, images, artistic forms, innovationsP. B. Shelley ----------- erudite, figures of speech John Keats --------- empathicJane Austen (1755-1817)Characterization:Major works: Pride and Prejudice (1813)The novel is noted for its vividly depicted characters of almost all kinds of people of the landed gentry class. The characters reveal themselves gradually in their dialogues or conversation; through their letters –as in the case of Collins and Lydia; and in their actions –Lydia’s flirtatious behavior, Miss Bingley’s neglect and hostility to Jane in London. Characters are revealed by comparison and contrast with others.(i) Wickham serves as a contrast to Darcy by appearing to have all the good qualities, while Darcy really has them.(ii) Miss Bingley looks like, and seems to have the manners of, a lady, while Elizabeth often does “unladylike”things.(iii) Mr. Collins’s courtship of Elizabeth, and then Charlotte, adds comedy to the novel.(iv) Lady Catherine and Mrs. Bennet balance each other in their desire to marry off their daughters and in their respective vulgarities Special features:1. Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men and women in love.2. She writes within a narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the moral setting, physical setting and social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the 19th-century England, all concerning three or four landed gentry families with the trivial incidents of their everyday life.3. Her novels are surprisingly realistic, with keen observation and penetrating analysis. She keeps the balance between fact and form as no other English novelist has ever done.4. Austen uses dialogues to reveal the personalities of her characters. The plots of her novels appear natural and unforced. Her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone comes alive.5. Her language, which is of typical neoclassicism, is simple, easy, naturally lucid and very economical.1. WorksSense and Sensibility Pride and Prejudice2. Story and Themesa. human beings in their personal relationsb. love and marriagec. the provincial life of the late 18th century Englandd. maturity achieved through the loss of illusion3. Features : brought the modern novel to its maturitya. structure deftb. irony sharpc. characterization vividd. style lucidQuestions1. Brief questionMake a comment on pride and prejudicea. storyb. themec. characterizationd. importance2. Topic discussionComment on Jane Austen s literary creation and literary achievementsJane Austen s contribution to English literaturewhy do we say that Jane Austen brought modern novel to its maturity。

英美文学史之英国文学 浪漫主义

英美文学史之英国文学  浪漫主义

英美文学史5浪漫主义俩个时期的代表人物:第一代:布莱克、彭斯、华兹华斯第二代:拜伦、雪莱、济慈The Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主义----Romantic writing emphasizes emotionsand feelings instead of reason and logic . 浪漫主义强调的是情感和感觉而不是理性和逻辑。

The time begins with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads(1798),ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832)浪漫主义开始的标志是华兹华斯的《抒情诗集》(他和S.T Coleridge联合发表的)发表,结束于斯科特的去世。

一.俩大派别:Lake poets湖畔派诗人(又称:Escapist poets逃避诗人Negativepoets消极诗人): Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治Satanic poets魔鬼派(又称:Active poets积极诗人) :Lord Byron拜伦、Shelley雪莱、Keats济慈二.William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯-----poet-laureate桂冠诗人Lake poets湖畔派诗人(又称:Escapist poets逃避诗人Negative poets消极诗人):Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治作品:I wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独的漫游,像云朵一样(选自The Daffodils《黄水仙》)She Dwelt Among theUntrodden Ways她居住在人迹罕至的地方(mourning悲伤的、Dwelt居住)补充了解:1.其他作品Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺、The Prelude序曲(自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry)、The Excursion、the Lucy poems《露西诗》2.Symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.符号是用来代表抽象事物的概念His style:simplicity and purity of the language,love of nature,fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry.简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌。

英美文学复习资料

英美文学复习资料

英美文学复习资料,欢迎转载和补充,没有版权。

Term definition1.A ballad(歌谣) is a story told in song, usually in 4-linestanzas(诗的一节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed.When it was chanted(吟唱) by ballad-singers, the audience joined a refrain(重复) which usually followed each stanza.2.Pentameter(五步格诗)isa common pattern of beats in Englishpoetry in which each line consists of 5feet.3.Epic(史诗) is a longand exalted(高尚的)narrativepoem,usually on a serious subject centered on a heroic figure.4.Romance is aliterary genre(流派)in verse or in prose popular inthemiddle ages. It deals with legendary , supernatural oranonymous(无个性特征的)subjects and characters. Theromance of the middle ages was a form of chivalric(骑士的)and romantic literature.5.Chivalry(骑士精神)is the code of manners and moralsof aknight.6.Blank verse is a succession of unrhymed iambic(短长格的)pentameters primarily an English form and has been used in the loftiest(崇高的) epic and dramatic versefromShakespeare and Milton to the present.7.Sonnet is a poem of 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameter,restricted to a definite rhyme scheme. There aretwoprominent types: the Elizabethan, or Shakespearean sonnet.8.Stanza is a groupof lines whose pattern is repeated throughoutthe poem.9.Meter isthe result of stresses recurring(循环的)at fixed intends.10.Alliteration(押头韵)is a poetical form, in which certainaccented(带口音的) words in a line begin with the same consonant(和谐的) sounds.11.Heroic couplets are two rhyme iambic pentameter lines whichwas made popular by pop in the18c. This form is oftenused in epics and heroic dramas. Alexander emptied these heroic dramas withgreat effort.12.Spenserian Stanza is a special verse form that consists of eightiambic pentameter linesfollowed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.13.Renaissance(文艺复兴)refers to the period between the14th and mid-17th centuries. It, in essence, is a historical period inwhich the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid ofthose feudalist ideas in medieval (中世纪的)Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressedtheinterests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the earlychurch from the corruption of the Roman Catholicchurch.14.The metaphysical(玄学派诗歌的) poetry is a school of poetrythatappeared at about the beginning of 17th century, represented by JohnDonne. The works of the metaphysical poetry arecharacterized, generallyspeaking, by mysticism(神秘主义)in content and fantasticality in form.15.EnlightenmentMovement isa progressive intellectualmovement, a furtherance(促进) of theRenaissance, with its purpose to enlighten the whole world with the light ofmodern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlightenerscelebrated reason,equality, and science, with AlexanderPope, Joseph Addison, Jonathan Swift,Daniel Defoe, and Henry Fielding as the famous representatives.16.Classicism isa literary tendency of a revival of interestin the old classical works.According to the classicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled afterthe classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers (Homer,Virgil,Horace, Ovid, etc.). They believed that the artistic ideas should be order,logic, restrained emotion, andaccuracy, and that literature should be judgedin terms of its service to humanity.17.Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in Englishliterature of themiddle and later decades of the 18th century, represented by Thomas Gray. Itjustly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross(恶劣的)social injustices brought about by the bourgeois revolutions. Itembracesa pessimistic(悲观主义的)outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by asincere sympathy forthe poverty-stricken, expropriated(被征地的)peasants.Short Answer Questions1.features of Beowulf: The most striking feature in itspoeticalform is the use of alliteration. Other feature of Beowulf are the use ofmetaphors(隐喻) and of understatements (保守的陈述).P52.artisticfeatures of Piers the Plowman:Itis written in theform of a dream vision, and the author tells his story underthe guise of having dreamed. The poem is also anallegory(预言)which uses symbolism to relate truth but isa realistic picture of medieval(中世纪的)England. P153.Christopher Marlowe’sliterary achievement s: He reformedthe English drama and perfected the verse ofdramatic works.Marlowe’s dramatic achievements lies chiefly in hisepical(叙述诗), and attimes lyrical(抒情诗),verse. His work paved the way for the play of the greatestEnglish dramatist—Shakespeare. P554.the popularforms of drama before the reign ofElizabeth :Miracle plays, morality plays,interludes(幕间节目)andclassical plays—such were forms of dramaprevailing until the reign ofElizabeth. P475.the fourperiods of Shakespeare’s dramatic career : Thefirst period is the period ofhis apprenticeship(学徒)in play-writing, as a newcomer to London, madeexperiments ina number of dramatic forms. The second period is hismatureperiod, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. Thethird period is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. P60-66 6.the a greatcomedies and 4 great tragedies of Shakespeare :AMidsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It andTwelfth Night have been called Shakespeare’s “great co medies”. Four greattragedies of Shakespeare areOthello,King Lear, Macbeth, and Hamlet. P67 P807.features of Shakespeare’sdrama : Shakespeare’s dramas arereflect the realistic world. Shakespeare’s dramaticcreation often used themethod adaptation. Shake speare’s long experience with the stage and hisintimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master handforplaywriting. P91-938.the image ofSatan: Satan is a real hero in ParadiseLost whowas obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell, he isthe spirit questioning the authority of God. P1089.a summery ofJohn Milton: Milton was political in both hislife and his art, he wrote thegreatest epic in English literature. Milton is a master of the blank verse(无韵诗),he is agreat stylist(文体学家)and has always been admired for his sublimity(崇高) of thought andmajesty(威严)ofexpression. P11110.Henry Fielding’s views on realistic novel: Theexactobservation and study of real life was the basis of Fielding’s work, the centreof Fielding’s workingphilosophy was Man, the profound knowledge of humannature displayed in his novels. P16911.the character of Robinson Crusoe : Robinson Crusoe, a dogand two cats, somecannibals(食人族), a young Negro Friday, the captain of anEnglish ship. 151-15212.rules of classical creation : Rimed couplet(对句) insteadof blank verse, the three unities oftime, palce, and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation oftypes rather than individuals—these weresome of standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following theancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric, ordramatic, andeach class should be guided by some peculiar principles. Prose should beprecise, direct and flexible.P47 Work Analysis1.Please mak e an analysis of “Hamlet” andthe character ofHamlet: Hamlet is considered the summit of Shakespeare’sart.The story comes from an old Danish legend. Before Shakespeare, Thomas Kydhad written a play on the same subject. It was a tragedy of “blood andthunder.” But under Shakespeare’s pen, the medieval story assumed a newmeaning. Hamlet is neither a frail and weak-minded youth nor athought-sickbook-worm. In the play nobody thinks of him that way. Though he is deprived ofhis right to the throne, he is still loved and respected by everyone. Hamlet isa humanist,a man who is free from medieval prejudices andsuperstitions.Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with thesame eagerness. Hisintellectual genius is outstanding. P84-872.the theme and characters of Shakespeare’s A Merchant of Venice : This is a great irony and comedy. The script is the subject of praise love, friendship and love, at the same time also reflects the business of early capitalism and thebourgeoisie sharks conflict between the performance of the authors of bourgeois society, money. Legal and religious issues such as the humanistic ideas. It plays an important literary achievement, this Shylock is the shape of the mercenary, ruthless typical image of sharks. Bassanio is a man loved Portia deeply, he could do anything for her. Portia is beautiful, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency. Antonio cherished his friendship and bear death for Bassanio , take everything from shylock without a single complain. Shylock is an avaricious money-lender, he is a Jew of pride and deep religious instincts.P683.the story,theme, and characters of John Milton’s ParadiseLost: Story The fallen angels led by freedom-loving Satanwho rose against God himself were finally defeated, Satan goes to Eden to persuade Eve to breakGod’s command, and Eve and Adam were both deprived of immortality and exiledformParadise and doomed to anearthly life full of hardship and sufferings. The main idea of the poem is arevolt against God’s authority. In Paradise lost God is no better than a selfish despot, his long speeches arenever pleasing, his Archangel is a bore,his angels are silly. Satan is by far the most striking character in the poem, Satanis a real heroin Paradise Lost whowas obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell, he is the spiritquestioning the authority of God. Adam and Eve craving for knowledge, adds aparticular significant characters. This longing forknowledge opens beforemankind a wide road to an intelligent and active life.P107-1084.structure andan analysis of Gulliver’s Travels: Inthe firstpart Gulliver describes hisshipwreck in Lilliput where the tallest people were six inches high, the secondpart is the voyage to Brobdingnag is described, the third part is a satire onphilosophers and projectors, the last partGulliver’s satire is of thebitterest. Swift hated all kinds of oppression—political, economical and religious,hecherished a great love for the peoplethat he wrote in the second part of Gulliv er’stravels.Swift’s Gulliver’s travels gives an unparalleled(前所未有的)satiricaldepiction(描写) of the vices of hisage. In many of his other famous works he addresses himself to thecommonpeople. And this is strikingly shown in hispamphlets(小册子) on Ireland.P141-1425.thecharacterization of Tom Jones : TomJones, the foundling , is a handsome young man. He is frank and open, kind,disinterested,and ,tough quick-tempered, devoid of malice. Blifil issober,discreet(谨慎的) and pious(虔诚的)beyond his age, extremely “careful ofhis money”, and skilled in bringing himself into favor with his patron by arespectful appearance and ready flattery. Sophia Western, the heroine of the book,is the “Somersetshire(索美塞夏特)angel.” Sheis her father’s “little darling,” and she returns al l his affection withangelic tenderness. Squire Western, Sophia’s father, is a boorish old huntingsquire. All his thoughts and interests are concentrated “ether in the field,the stable, or the dog-kennel. ” Partridge is Tom’s companion in his adventureson t he road, and an English Sancho Panza. He is a Jack-of-all-trades—schoolmaster, clerk, barber, surgeon and tailor.P165-168。

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(3)-3

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(3)-3

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(3)-32. 识记His Literary CareerIn 1807, a volume of Byron’’s poems, Hours of idleness, was published. In 1809, he wrote a satirical reply to a harsh review in the Edinburgh Review in heroic couplets, entitled English Bards & Scotch Reviewers. The publication in 1812 of the first two cantos of Childe Harold’’s Pilgrimage, a poem narrating his travels between 1809 & 1811 in Europe, brought Byron fame. In the following two years. He had written a number of long verse-tales, generally known as the Oriented Tales, with similar kind of heroes. In 1816, he wrote the third canto of Childe Harold & the narrative poem The Prisoner of Chillon. From 1816 to 1819, he produced, among other works, the verse drama Manfred (1817), the first two cantos of Don Juan (1818-1819), & the fourth & final canto of Childe Harold (1818)。

英美文学选读第三章笔记Romantic period

英美文学选读第三章笔记Romantic period

第三章I.Multiple choice1.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as the thoughtthat designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to seethe individual as the very center of all life and all experience在文學歷史上,浪漫主義認為個人應是生命及實踐的中心。

我們還可以說浪漫主義是將人們的注意力從外部世界---社會文明移到內部世界---人類自已的精神文明的實質2.The Romantic Period is an age of poetry. Blake ,wordsworth,coleridge,Byron, Shelley and Keats are the marjor poets. Theystarted a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regardas the peotic revolution浪漫主義是詩歌的時代,代表詩人有布萊克,華茲華斯,科勒律治,拜倫,雪萊及濟慈. 他們發起了對新古典主義的反判,這便是後世所稱“詩人革命”3.In the romantic period, Poetry is the most prosperous 繁榮literary form浪漫主義時代也是詩歌的時代4.in the following writings by William Blake, which marks his entry intomaturity?Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂與地獄的結合一詩標志著威廉布萊克創作上的成熟, 該詩創作於法國大革命高潮期間,並擔負諷喻與革命預言的兩重角色,在這首詩中,布萊克探索了對立事物之間的關系,吸引與排拆,理智與精力,愛與恨等對立事物都對人類生存有著舉足輕重的作用,布萊克認為生活就是不斷的對立沖突,如給與和索取,善與惡,天真純樸與經驗世故,肉體與精神等,他認為沒有對立的矛盾,就不會有社會與個人的進步,婚姻對布萊克意味著矛盾的調和,並非一方從屬另一方5.The declaration that “ I know that This World is a World ofImagination&Vision” and that “ the Nature of my work is visionary orimaginative” belong to which of the following writingWilliam Blake生活在革命啟示光輝中的布萊克熱切的宣布:“我認為人世凡塵是一個充滿想象與幻想的世界,我的作品也如人世凡塵一樣充滿想象與幻象6.In William Blake’s peotry, the father (and any other in whose he saw theimage of the father such as God&his Priest, &King) was usually a figure oftyranny 專治7.the Lone of literature in “Songs of Experience” by William Blake is doleful經驗之歌描寫了一個充滿苦難,貧窮,疾病與戰爭的世界而天真之歌描寫了一個愉快而純潔的世界,盡管著這世界偶有苦難與罪惡8.William Wordsworth is reagrades as a “worshipper of nature”華爾華茲從少年時代,他就對大自然充滿愛戀, 被稱為“大自然的膜拜者”,我如行雲獨自遊“一詩是英國詩中的奇葩,把我們帶入華茲華斯詩歌宗旨的核心9.Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I wandered lonely as a cloud 我如行雲獨自遊posed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802 威斯敏斯特橋上有感C.The Solitary Reaper 孤獨的收割者D.The Chimney Sweeper 掃煙窗的孩子william black10.Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems aboutnature and poems about human life按照主題,華的短詩可以分為兩大類,關於自然的關於人類生活的11.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English Poetry?Iyrical Ballads(抒情歌謠集) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and WilliamWordsworth科勒律治合作的抒情歌謠集, 革命與獨立則成為抒情歌謠集中成功的結論,這在英國詩歌歷史上也是第一次12.Coleridge’s peoms”the rime of the ancient mariner, christabel and kublakhan are known as Demonic group包括他的三部代表作古航海家之歌,克麗斯特貝爾以及忽必烈汗這些詩歌的顯著特點,便是神秘與想象,詩歌的背景都設在詩人的記憶與夢幻之中,故事的發生,發展與絲毫不受理性的羈絆,這類詩歌的他作目的是將詩人自覺的意識與神的寬恕相調和13.Place me on Sumium’s marbled steep 讓我登上蘇尼姆大理石般的懸崖Where nothingSave the waves and I 那裡隻有海浪與我May hear our mutual murmurs sweep 能聽彼此的喃喃低語掠過There,swan like, let me sing and die 在那裡,象天鵝一樣,讓我歌唱後死亡A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine 一個奴棣的國家永遠不是我的國家Dash down you cup of Samian wine 把那杯薩莫斯的酒摔下These lines are taken fromThe Isles of Greece Byron拜爾的西臘島, 節選自唐璜14.“Don Juan” is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19thcentury唐璜是19世紀初斯的著名諷刺史詩15.In his lyrics 抒情詩such as “Ode 頌to Liberty”” Ode to Naples”, PercyBysshe Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred towardtyranny 專治,暴政雪萊對自由的渴望及對暴政的憎惡都體現在詩作中,如自由頌,那不勒斯頌16.Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere 狂野的精靈,你吹遍四方Destroyer and preserver 毀滅者和保存者,Hear, O hear! 聽啊聽Two lines are found inOde to the west wind by shelley 西風頌,雪萊17.In Shelley’s “ To a Skylark”致雲雀the bird , suspended between realityand poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the Poet Both celestial rapture and human limitation18.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic dramaPrometheus Unbound雪萊最有造詣的作品是他的四幕詩劇—解放了的普羅米修斯, 詩劇源於希臘神話及古希臘悲劇家埃斯庫羅斯的劇作“被縛的普羅米修斯”,普羅米修斯為人類的生存盜取天火,被刀神之王宙斯拴縛在高加索山上,飽受折磨,雪萊在序言中指出,他雖然沿用埃斯庫羅斯的情節,卻改變了普羅米修斯與宙斯和解的結局,而是將暴君趕下寶座,換來新生的宇宙天地,詩中普羅修斯與天帝的鬥爭表現了法國大革命失敗後,英國與歐洲資產階級革命家對封建反動勢力的不滿與反抗情緒。

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(2)-3

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(2)-3

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(2)-32) The PreludeWordsworth is a poet in memory of the past. To him,life is a cyclical journey. Its beginning finally turns out to be its end. His philosophy of life is presented in his masterpiece The Prelude. It opens with a literal journey whose goal is to return to the vale of Grasmere. The journey goes through the poet’’s personal history,carrying the metaphorical meaning of his interior journey & questing for his lost early self & the proper spiritual home. The poem charts this growth from infancy to manhood. We are shown the development of human consciousness under the sway of an imagination united to the grandeur go nature. Later books of The Prelude describe Wordsworth’’s experiences in France,his republicanism,his affair with Annette Vallon,his “substantial dread” during the Terror & his continuing support of the ideals underlying the Revolution. The concluding description of the ascent of Snowdon becomes a symbol of the poet’’s climb to the height of his inspired po wers & to that state of vision in which,dedicating himself to humanity,he becomes one of the “ Prophets of Nature.”4.领会Characteristics of Wordsworth Poems & His Achievements.William Wordsworth is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry,the focal poetic voice of the period. His is a voice of searchingly comprehensive humanity & one that inspires his audience to see the world freshly,sympathetically & naturally. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry,the poetry of the growing inner self,but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language & by advocating a return to nature.5. 应用:Selected Readings1) I Wandered Lonely as a CloudWordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of nature.” He can penetrate to the heart of things & give the reader the very life of nature. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature,& one that takes us to the core of Word sworth’’s poetic beliefs. Wordsworth wrote this beautiful poem of nature after he came across a long belt of gold daffodils tossing & reeling & dancing along the waterside. There is a vivid picture of the daffodils here,mixed with the poet’’s philosophica l & somewhat mystical thoughts.The poem consists of four 6-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter with a rhyme scheme of ababcc in each stanza. The last stanza describes the poet’’s recollection in tranquility f rom which this poem arose. The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude2) Composed upon Westminster Bridge,September 3,1802This sonnet,written on the roof of a coach as Wordsworth was on his way to France,was published in Poems in Two V olumes,1807. The poem presents the speaker’’s view of London in the early morning. The speaker is not only profoundly touched by its beauty & tranquility of the morning,but even surprised to realize that London is part of Nature just as much as is his own beloved Lake Country.Wordsworth is regarded as a “ worshipper of nature.” Even in this poem,though he is looking at London,he is thinking of home where the sun steeps in his first splendor,valley,rock,or hill.”The poem is written after the pattern of the Italian sonnet. The octave recreates theexperience of London at morning,and the sestet enlarges on his reaction to the scene. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abbaabba,cdcdcd.3) She Dwelt Among the Untrodden WaysThis is one of the “Lucy poems,” written in 1799. The “Lucy Poems” describe with rare elusive beauty of simple lyricism & haunting rhythm a young country girl living a simple life in a remote village far from the civilized world. They are verses of love & loss which hold within their delicate simplicity a meditation on time & death which rises to universal stature.4) The Solitary ReaperWordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys & sorrows of the common people are his themes.”The Solitary Reaper” is an example of his literary views. It describes vividly a young peasant girl working alone in the fields & singing as she works. The plot of the little incident is told straightforwardly in stanzas 1,3,& 4. Stanza 2,with its comparison of the girl’’s song to the cuckoo & the nightingale cannot be dismissed as vaguely ornamental comparisons. They are much more than that,& the impression of the girl’’s singing on the traveler is heightened through these comparisons.This poem is an iambic verse. Most of the lines in the poem are octosyllabics. The rhyme-scheme for each stanza is ababccdd.。

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再干一杯友情的酒, 为了往昔的时光,
你来痛饮一大杯, 我也买酒来相陪。
干一杯友情的酒又何妨? 为了往昔的时光。
我们曾邀游山岗, 到处将野花拜访。
但以后走上疲惫的旅程, 逝去了往昔的时光!
我们曾赤脚瞠过河流, 水声笑语里将时间忘。
如今大海的怒涛把我们隔开, 逝去了往昔的时光!
忠实的老友,伸出你的手, 让我们握手聚一堂,
And fare thee weel, my only Luve, 再见吧--我唯一的爱人, And fare thee weel a while! 我和你小别片刻; And I will come again , my Luve, 我要回来的,亲爱的, Tho' it were ten thousand mile. 即使是万里相隔。
• Simplicity in language and free poetic
forms.
Romantic Achievements
Poetry
--- Lakers (the first generation): Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey
--- Revolutionary poets (the second generation) Byron, Shelley, Keats.
但我定要回来, 哪怕千里万里!
Auld lang Syne
by Robert Burns
Should auld acquaintance be forgot And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, And auld lang syne!
Romantic period.
2. Cultural background
• The Romantic Movement: negative attitude towards
the existing social and political conditions. Core --- reaction against neoclassicism Time --- 1798~1832
For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll take a cup o' kindness yet For auld lang syne
And there's a hand, my trusty fiere! And gie's a hand o' thine! And we‘ll take a right gude-willie waught,(大口吞饮, 苏格兰) For auld lang syne
一朵红红的玫瑰
啊,我的爱人象朵红红的玫瑰, 六月里迎风初开,
啊,我的爱人象支甜甜的曲子, 奏得合拍又和谐。
我的好姑娘,多么美丽的人儿! 请看我,多么深挚的爱情!
亲爱的,我永远爱你, 纵使大海干涸水流尽。
纵使大海千涸水流尽, 太阳将岩石烧作灰尘,
亲爱的,我永远爱你, 只要我一息犹存。
珍重吧,我唯一的爱人, 珍重吧,让我们暂时别离,
• As fair thou art, my bonnie lass,
你是那么美,漂亮的姑娘,
So deep in love am I: 我爱你那么深切;
And I will love thee still, my dear, 我要爱你下去,亲爱的,
Till a' the seas gang dry: 一直到四海枯竭。
Novels: Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice
Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe (historic Novels)
William Blake 威廉·布莱克
• Little school education,
widely read
• an engraver • Married Catherine
• Note of Melancholy: A gloomy mood of
melancholy and loneliness, resulting from the frustration of their efforts in revolting against the established code and convention.
and creative power.
• Individual freedom free from
formalism, tradition, and conformity.
• Worship of Nature: External nature
became a persistent subject of poetry.
--- increasing mechanization; development of industry
--- disparity between the rich and the poor
--- Luddite riots: workers’ disturbances
• The Reform Bill (1832): signify the end of
Thomas Paine: “The Right of Man”-- fight against tyranny
French Revolution
Bastill e
• Population shifts: Enclosure→
Urbanization.
• Industrial revolution
We twa hae run about the braes, An pou'd the gowans fine But we've wander'd mony a weary fitt, Sin' auld lang syne
We twa hae paidl'd in the burn, Frae morning sun till dine; But seas between us braid hae roar'd, Sin auld lang syne
• His language is simple and
placid and song-like.
• Simplicity and sincerity and
love to the laboring people and patriotism are also reflected in his poems.
Boucher, a worthy wife
• Died in 1827
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll take a cup o' kindness yet For auld lang syne
And surely ye'll be your pint stowp! And surely I'll be mine! And we'll take a cup o' kindness yet, For auld lang syne
For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll take a cup o' kindness yet For auld lang syne
往昔的时光
老朋友哪能遗忘, 哪能不放在心上?
老朋友哪能遗忘, 还有往昔的时光?
为了往昔的时光,老朋友, 为了往昔的时光,
Romantic English Literature
1. Historical background
Romanticism – a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassicism reason
• French Revolution
• Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,
一直到四海枯竭,亲爱的, And the rocks melt with the sun; 到太阳把岩石烧裂; I will luve thee still my dear, 我要爱你下去,亲爱的, When the sands of life shall run. 只要是生命不绝。
A Red, Red Rose红红的玫瑰
O MY Luve's like a red, red rose 啊,我爱人象红红的玫瑰, That's newly sprung in June: 它在六月里初开; O my Luve's like t9;s sweetly play'd in tune! 美妙地演奏起来。
--- the storming of Bastille --- Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity --- Rousseau: glorify human nature; claim for
social democracy --- response in Britain
• 一花一世界
• 一沙一天国,
• 君掌盛无边,
• 刹那含永劫。

—宗白华
• 佛曰:一花一世界,一草一天
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