华东地区农村水库型水源地水质安全保障模式及应用论文

华东地区农村水库型水源地水质安全保障模式及应用论文
华东地区农村水库型水源地水质安全保障模式及应用论文

华东地区农村水库型水源地水质安全保

障模式及应用论文

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中图分类号:文献标志码:A文章编号:

1672-1683(2015)001-0042-05

The mode of water safety guarantee of reservoir water source and its application in East China

KOU Hai-qun

(Xinjian County Environmental Monitoring Station,Nanchang 330100,China)

Abstract:The agricultural nonpoint pollution has threatened the water quality protection of headwater in protect the water quality of water source,it is important to control nonpoint pollution in the protection zone of headwater area of a reservoir at the paper,the main problems of water source are diagnosed,the proposed protection target of Reservoir Water Source is to deal with water quality change of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from non-point source Mode of Water Safety Guarantee of Reservoir Water Source is aerobic -anoxic-biochemical and articifial wetland combined

process,process removal of ecological ditches purification technology and a complex pre-dam systems,have realized that the removal of the total pollutant could up to more than 40%,total removal rates of SS,TN,NH3-N and TP and COD were more than 90%,the pollution load entered into water source,could effectively cut into,the quality of water source had been significantly the same time,the species and coverage of water source plants were increased,abundant biodiversity,enhanced the structural stability of breeding,habitat,feeding environment have become better and better,which provide a scientific basis for the water safety protection of water source.

Key words:water source of reservoir;water safety;guarantee mode;engineering demonstration ;water quality improvement

饮水安全是当前我国环境保护的首要任务。随着工业化、城镇化进程的不断加快,水资源开发利用强度不断加大,地表水体污染日益严重,地表水源地水质安全现状堪忧,农村饮水困难和饮水不安全问题尤为突出。目前,我国农村饮水不安全人口大约为3亿人,其中饮用水水质不达标人口占%,存在缺水问题

(水量、方便程度和保证率不达标)人口比重达到438%,农村饮水安全是确保全国饮水安全的重中之重[1-3]。

随着社会和经济的快速发展,农村集中式供水源地成为农村供水的主要方式,特别是在经济发达地区,湖库在农村集中供水水源中占重要地位,是农村供水水源的发展方向[4]。但是,我国南方河网地区水环境污染和水生态破坏的趋势仍没有得到有效遏制,使得农村地表水源地面临严峻的威胁,华东河网地区水资源总量较为丰富,但区域经济快速发展与农村饮用水源保护冲突现象明显,缘于水质型缺水的水源地严峻形势已经成为影响区域生态安全和可持续发展能力的重要限制因子,因此,水源地水质安全保障正在被视为确保农村生活饮用水安全的首要环节[5-7]。目前,农村面源污染主要体现在初期来水,污染物浓度高,负荷大,需要净化处理,而后期来水水量较大,污染程度低可直接排放进入水源地,加之我国农村地表水源地水质安全保障普遍存在重视程度低[8-10],因此针对水库型水源地的保护模式研究,系统保护方案和工程少、技术集成应用不足等突出问题,对水源地面源污染防控更是缺少针对面源突发性、间歇性、多途径等特征的系统技术手段,难以满足污染防控新形

势的要求[11-13],致使农村饮用水源地保护效果不甚理想。因地制宜地研发低成本、高效率、易操作的水源地污染防控技术体系成为解决农村饮水安全技术的主要发展方向[14-15]。因此本研究以农村水库型水源地为研究对象,从水源地综合调查入手,全面摸清农村水库型水源地自然特征和污染

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