新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5-课文翻译

新编大学英语综合教程
Unit 5 课文翻译
Passage A
Before You Read
What do you know about the cultural conflict between China and the West？
conflict：[ˈkɒnflɪkt , kənˈflɪkt] n.冲突;争执;争论;矛盾;不一致。

v.(两种思想、信仰等)冲突，抵触。

Cultural:[ˈkʌltʃərəl]adj. 与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的。

你对中西文化冲突了解多少
Differences between American and Chinese Classes
美国和中国的课堂差异
We hear about the informality in American classes from time to time. For instance, American professors/teachers do not dress up very formally and they generally call students by their first names. Students can speak out in class, where they do not even need to raise their hands. In addition, in many schools, students can eat or drink during class. American students sometimes argue with their teachers in class, give teachers suggestions on things that need changing, or even criticize their ideas.
hear about 得知; 听到关于
from time to time 不时地;间或;偶尔
For instance 例如;譬如。

speak out 公开表白; 大胆说出In addition 另外;加之;除…之外
我们不时听说美国课堂上的不正式。

例如，美国的教授/老师穿得不太正式，他们通常称呼学生的名字。

学生可以在课堂上大声说话，甚至不需要举手。

此外，在许多学校，学生可以在课堂上吃或喝。

美国学生有时在课堂上和老师争论，对需要改变的事情给老师建议，甚至批评他们的想法。

In contrast, the relationship between teachers and students in China can be quite formal. It is not common for students to call their teachers by their first names. Rather, we address them with “ Prof. ” or “ Mr. ” or “Ms.” , and we seldom challenge the teachers' ideas. We're taught from the first day of kindergarten that we should sit up straight and obey all the disciplines. In most cases, we just sit there and are passively crammed with information. Some students may be excellent note-taker, but on the whole, they do not take too many initiatives in learning.
In contrast 相反on the whole 大体上说;总的说来
相比之下，中国的师生关系可能相当正式。

学生直呼老师名字的并不常见。

相反，我们用“教授”“先生”或“女士”来称呼他们，我们很少挑战老师的想法。

从上幼儿园的第一
天起，我们就被教导要坐直，遵守所有的纪律。

在大多数情况下，我们只是坐在那里，被动地塞满了信息。

有些学生可能记笔记得好，但总的来说，他们在学习上没有太多主动性。

The learning processes for American and Chinese students are also at polar cards. For the former American students tend to learn what they believe is useful and interesting, whereas the later focus more on learning information for the sake of learning.
processes 过程; 做事方法;审阅，审核，处理; 数据处理; 列队行进; 缓缓前进。

polar 英[ˈpəʊlə(r)]adj.极地的; 南极(或北极)的; 磁极的; 完全相反的; 截然对立的。

former 以前的; 昔日的; 前; 前者的; 模型; 样板; 构成者; 创造者; 起形成作用的人; 线圈架
tend to 倾向于; 有助于
focus 集中; 调节焦距; 聚焦; 中心点; 焦距，调焦; 焦点，中心点，源。

for the sake of 为了…起见
美国和中国学生的学习过程也表现得完全相反。

对于前者，也就是美国学生来说，他们倾向于学习他们认为有用和有趣的东西，而后者（也就是中国学生）更注重为了学习而学习信息。

In class, American teachers also want their students 100%
attention, and this means to look directly at them, or have eye contact. It's important to have eye contact because they believe this is to show respect and attention. If you don't have eye contact with an American, it's very likely that they may interpret this as a sign of disrespect, lacking self-confidence, or even deceit.
eye contact 眼神接触; 目光交流
contact with 与…有交往
interpret 诠释; 说明; 把…理解为; 领会; 口译
disrespect 不尊敬; 无礼; 轻蔑
self-confidence 自信。

deceit 欺骗，欺诈; 诡计
在课堂上，美国老师也希望他们的学生集中100%的注意力，这意味着直接看着他们，或者进行眼神交流。

眼神交流很重要，因为他们相信这是为了表示尊重和关注。

如果你和一个美国人没有眼神交流，他们很可能会认为这是一种不尊重，缺乏自信，甚至是欺骗的表现。

But here in the Chinese culture, we're not used to looking at the other person directly in the eyes. This practice-an “abrupt”one in the Chinese culture-would usually bring on discomfort, embarrassment or even misunderstanding, especially when it occurs between the opposite sexes. In the Chinese class, it's not necessary to stare at the teacher all the time in order to show
respect or attention.
used to 曾经。

bring on 引起，导致; 放马过来
stare at 瞪着看。

all the time 一直; 一直;始终
in order to 为了;以便;目的在于; 要想……
但在中国文化中，我们不习惯直视对方的眼睛。

在中国文化中，这种“突兀”的行为通常会带来不适、尴尬甚至误解，尤其是在异性之间。

在中国的课堂上，没有必要为了表示尊重或关注而一直盯着老师看。