跨文化交际(双语)试卷
跨文化交际试题答案(附翻译)

跨文化交际试题答案(附翻译)一、选择题1. 以下哪项不是跨文化交际的核心要素?A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 沟通技巧D. 民族风俗答案:D翻译:Which of the following is not a core element of intercultural communication?A. Linguistic differencesB. Cultural differencesC. Communication skillsD. Folk customs2. 跨文化交际中,以下哪项行为可能导致误解?A. 打招呼B. 鞠躬C. 直接拒绝D. 礼貌地表达意见翻译:In intercultural communication, which behavior may lead to misunderstandings?A. GreetingB. BowingC. Direct refusalD. Politely expressing opinions二、填空题1. 跨文化交际中的文化差异主要体现在____、____、____等方面。
答案:价值观、行为规范、语言使用翻译:The cultural differences in intercultural communication are mainly reflected in values, behavioral norms, and language use.2. 跨文化交际能力包括____、____、____等方面。
答案:知识、技能、态度翻译:Intercultural communication competence includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes.三、简答题1. 简述跨文化交际的重要性。
跨文化交际在全球化背景下具有重要意义。
以下是跨文化交际的重要性:(1)促进国际交流与合作:跨文化交际有助于不同国家和地区的人们相互了解,增进友谊,促进国际合作。
跨文化交流考试试题

跨文化交流考试试题一、选择题(每题 5 分,共 25 分)1、以下哪个是跨文化交流中最容易导致误解的因素?()A 语言差异B 价值观差异C 生活习惯差异D 宗教信仰差异2、在日本,人们见面时通常会()A 握手B 拥抱C 鞠躬D 亲吻3、当与来自西方国家的人交流时,直接询问他们的年龄通常被认为是()A 礼貌的B 不礼貌的C 友好的D 正常的4、伊斯兰教的重要节日是()A 圣诞节B 开斋节C 复活节D 感恩节5、在跨文化交流中,“OK”这个手势在不同国家可能有不同的含义。
在以下哪个国家,这个手势被视为不礼貌或具有侮辱性?()A 美国B 日本C 巴西D 法国二、填空题(每题 5 分,共 25 分)1、跨文化交流中的“高语境文化”通常是指像_____、_____这样的国家,信息更多地蕴含在语境和关系中。
2、西方人的姓名通常是名字在前,姓氏在后,而中国人的姓名则是_____在前,_____在后。
3、世界上使用人数最多的语言是_____,使用范围最广的语言是_____。
4、印度人大多信仰_____教,而泰国人大多信仰_____教。
5、不同文化中对于颜色的象征意义有所不同,在中国,红色通常象征着_____和_____。
三、简答题(每题 10 分,共 30 分)1、请简要说明跨文化交流中文化休克的含义及表现。
答:文化休克是指一个人进入到一个与自己原有文化环境差异较大的新环境时,在一段时间内出现的焦虑、失落、困惑、无助等一系列心理和生理上的不适反应。
表现可能包括情绪低落、孤独感强烈、对新环境的排斥、难以适应新的生活方式和价值观、沟通障碍等。
2、举例说明在跨文化商务交流中,应该注意哪些礼仪方面的差异?答:在跨文化商务交流中,礼仪方面的差异有很多。
比如,在德国,商务会面时守时非常重要,如果迟到会被视为不尊重对方;而在一些拉丁美洲国家,时间观念相对较宽松。
在日本,交换名片时要用双手,并微微鞠躬,且要仔细阅读对方的名片;而在美国,交换名片可能相对随意。
跨文化交际(双语)试卷

××学院试卷阶段测试2:Unit5-Unit8课程所属部门:人文学院课程名称:跨文化交际(双语)课程编号:考试方式:(A、闭)卷使用班级:人文学院班命题人:教研室(系)主任审核:主管领导批准:班级:学号:姓名:题号一二三四五六七八九十总分得分purpose of moving one's consciousness from the determinate to the indeterminate, freer state.Ⅱ. Make choices (Read the following situations and choose the appropriate answer(s). There may be more than one possible answer for each cultural puzzle. 本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分)ArraySituation :reading and relaxing by himself. He had been very busy at work during the week and had workedovertime. Saturday came and Jim rested himself in his most comfortable chair. Just as he started to read, the doorbell rang. He answered the door and to Ms surprise, Ms former Arabian co-worker, Magid, was standing at the door. They had been good friends at work, but had lost contact since Magid left. It was several months since they had saw each other.( )1. How do you think Jim felt?a) Jim probably had mixed feelings when he saw Magid. He was happy to See him, but felt disappointed that he couldn't spend the time alone.b) Jim was a little bit upset by the sudden dropping by of Magid.c) Jim was so happy to see Magid that he forgot about wanting to spend the day by Himself.Now read the situation from Magid's point of view.Situation :One Saturday morning, Magid was home and didn't have much to do. he thought about his friend, Jim, who he used to work with. it was a long time since they hadseen each other and Magid felt bad about this. He had told Jim that he would comeand visit him sometime, but several months had passed and he just couldn't find thetime. He remembered that Jim had told him,"Come and visit when you get thechance. I want to stay in touch with you."This Saturday morning seemed like a goodame to visit. He went to Jim's house and rang the doorbell. wnen Jim answered thedoor, he didn't look completely happy to see Magid. Then, after a few seconds, hesmiled and said,"Hi, Magid. Come on in."( )2.How do you think Magid felt?a) Magid was probably offended.b) Magid understood that Jim wanted to be by himself that day.C) Magid understood that Jim was a little bit upset because he dropped by without calling first. Now continue reading about what happened during the visit.Situation :Jim asked Magid to come into his home. They talked about what they had been doing since Magid left the company. Magid stayed about three hours and then said, 'I’d better go now." Jim got up and saw Magid out. They said goodbye to each other and Jim thanked Magid for coming. As they left each other, they both felt a little uncomfortable.( )3. Why do you think Magid was a little uncomfortable?a)Magid thought that Jim should have asked him to stay longer.b)Magid thought that he didn’t stay long enough.c) Magid couldn't understand why Jim thanked him for coming.( )4. Why do you think Jim was uncomfortable?a)Jim thought that Magid should have stayed longer. three hours was too short for a visit.b) Jim thought that Magid should have apologized for visiting without calling first.c)Jim thought that Magid had stayed too long and that he should have said something like, "I'm sorry if I've disturbed."( )5.What would you do if someone asks you a question that you feel too personal?a) You could say directly, don't want to answer that question."b) You could answer the question in a general way and then change the subject.c) You could explain that, in your culture, people usually don't ask such questions and that you feel uncomfortable answering it.( )6.Situation : An American invited a group of Japanese students over to Ms house. He and Ms wife had spent a great deal of time preparing food and getting the house ready. They were looking forward to the party and hoped that the Japanese would enjoy themselves. They came at about 8 : 00 at night and right away seemed to be enjoying themselves.There was a lot of dancing and singing and good conversation. Then, almost suddenly, one of the students said 'Thank you "to the hosts and said that it was time to go. After that, all of the Japanese began to get ready to leave. The American and Ms wife couldn't understand why this happened. They felt insulted because everyone left so early and at the same time.Can you explain what happened?a) The Americans must have done something that offended the Japanese.b) The Japanese were not having a good time.c) Japanese usually leave as a group and try not to stay too long so as not to offend their host.Ⅲ.Multiple choice (本题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分)Background : Janice, an American businesswoman, and Maya, a business. woman from Mexico, both work for the same company. Maya has just come to the U. S. To work in the American office of her company. Below are several situations involving Janice and Maya.In the following cultural puzzles, circle the letter before the nonjudgmental questions that will help Maya get the most helpful answers.( )1. Situation : Maya is introduced to Janice. Maya notices that Janice often smiles as she talks to the men and women in the company. In Maya's culture, a woman who smiles frequently when she talks to men is probably flirting. Maya asks a co-worker from her own culture :a) Janice is not a good woman, is she?b) Why does Janice flirt with strange men?c) What does it mean when an American woman smiles at a man?( ) 2.Situation : Maya and Janice are having lunch. Maya cuts her hand while she 'Tm sorry! Are you all right?" Later Maya says to a friend from her country:a) Why do Americans act like any problem is their fault?b) Do Americans feel that it is their fault when someone gets hurt using an American product?c) when I cut my hand, Janice said, Tm sorry. It wasn't her fault. Do most Americans apologize when it's not their fault?( ) 3.Situation : Maya sees the president of her company (an American) serve some coffee to a visitor. In her country, a company president would always ask a secretary to perform tasks like that. She asks Janice :a) I saw the company president serve coffee to a visitor. For me, that was very unusual. Does that seem unusual to you?b) Don't American secretaries like to take care of their bosses?c) Is the president's secretary sick?( ) 4.Situation : Maya visits Janice's house one Saturday afternoon. She is listening to aconversation the family is having. Janice, her husband and the children are discussing where to go for their summer holiday. Janice wants to go to New York City, but the children want to go camping instead. Janice listens carefully to the children's reasons,Later, Maya asks another American :a) Why do American children have so much power in the American family?b) Why do American parents let their children tell them what to do?c) Do Americans often let their children help make decisions?1. Read the following case and analyze why did that woman suddenly stop talking with Mark and turned to another man?Case 1 Personal SpaceMark had recently moved from Denmark to Sydney to work as a salesperson for a large Australian company. After three weeks, he was invited to join a local club. During the first few weeks at the club, Mark would either stand in the comer talking with someone or sit on a sofa listening to other people talk and chat. As time went by, he came to know most of the club members and seemed to enjoy talking with them. One day, at an evening party, one of the female members approached him. Mark immediately showed Ms interest by talking about the atmosphere of the party. At first, the conversation between them seemed to go quite smoothly, but as it progressed, the lady seemed to step further and further away from Mark as he had been gradually moving closer to her. The lady obviously seemed uncomfortable. As Mark was about to ask her questions regarding Australian social customs, another man standing nearby directed a glance toward the lady. She excused herself and went to talk with that man, leaving Mark standing alone and wondering why their conversation had come to such a sudden stop.2. Read the following case and answer:How could you explain to Li Hua's parents about the relationship between Li Hua and John? How could you explain to John Li Hua's parents' behavior?Case 2 I've Hot Considered Marriage YetJohn, 28 years old, an Australian studying Chinese in Beijing, met Li Hua at a dance party. LiHua, 22, took an instant liking to John the first time they met. As time went on, they saw more andmore of each other. After six months or so, Li Hua suggested that John meet her parents. Since this was the first time John had visited a Chinese family, he became quite nervous the moment he was introduced to Li Hua's parents, elder sister and sister-in-law. Soon after serving him some Chinese tea and fruit, Li Hua's mother began questioning John about his background, his family and relatives, as well as his economic status. John did his best to answer all of the questions, sometimes in broken Chinese. A few minutes later, Li Hua's father turned toward John, and asked a very direct question. He wanted John to tell him when he would marry Li Hua and where he was going to live and work. John, being a bit surprised at the question, replied that he hadn't thought about marriage. Li Hua's father got very upset and angry. He stamped his foot and asked John to leave. As John was about to leave, Li Hua's father warned him against seeing his daughter again. John left, without knowing what he had done to enrage the family,。
跨文化交际试卷

( ) 1. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateralcommunication and _________. A. successful communication B. verbal communicationC. bilateral communicationD. unsuccessful communication( ) 2. When you are invited for a western meal, you’re offered a second helping ,but you have already had enough. What would you say? “_________”. A. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful. B. No, I don’t want that. C. No, I don’t like it.D. That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks.( ) 3. Most Americans see themselves as separate _________, not asrepresentatives of a family, community or other group.A. independenceB. individualsC. customersD.cultures( ) 4. The _________ of a person is his or her family name. A. given name B. middle name C. surname D.initials( ) 5. Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between2015年12月江苏省高等教育自学考试跨文化交际一、 选择题(每小题1分,共10分)在下列各题中选出正确的选项,并将其字母标号填入题前的括号内。
《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)

《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical pianoconcert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Takethe word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postma n’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
跨文化交际考试试题附答案

《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improvedupon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successfulcommunication or cultural understanding.?Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist,Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are havingdinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'lllove it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at aBritish university for some months. It has not been totally successful.They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is ascientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child' s play, and I'm playingthe game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather importantexperiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several thingsrequire more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problemsand explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were studentsafterlater, year A Britain. in University Leeds at together graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year'sexchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classicalpiano concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up ontothe stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers duringthe playing of a particular musical item. This happened several timesduring the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stagesinging some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all thesequite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applaudedthe pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave whilethe pianist remained on the stage.?Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill thegap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spacesprovided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the words.?4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided onadifferent .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it wasdecided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still somethat needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people'srelationships in China.8. Mike! Meet Jane, the .9. Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know.10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face orhurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture,especially the system of which all members of the group areexpected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she receivedthe news that her husband had left her for another woman. 13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations.?Paper 3 Translation?Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Pleasewrite your translation on the answer sheet.?What do we mean by Intercultural Communications or IC? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academicand applied discipline that has developed internationally since the1950s. Sometimes called cross-cultural communications or comparative culture , scholars most often use the prefix inter with the word cultural to describe the interaction between cultures.On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examinethe political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. Onanother level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek tounderstandthe relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese Englishteachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learnthe basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other Englishspeaking countries.?But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinaryapplication of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, appliedlinguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attemptto understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact witheach other.?To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek tounderstand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. Aswe understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people,we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how itinteracts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the lastthirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical frameworkconsideringfor dimensions practical some and cultures comparing for the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level ofcomparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving muchattention is Nonverbal Communication.?Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20?In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist biasin the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabularyand grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of theworld as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role.Take the word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact applyto people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-orientedas it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairmanwere exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compoundof 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased toview this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed ofthese two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of 'cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman mightbe defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite suchconsiderations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitiveto the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive itas a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of womenin society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral termssuch as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to askquestions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?'Other changes advocated include the replacement of words suchas 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutralterms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer'.There is, however, continuing controversy about how far suchlanguagechanges should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idiomsas 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What aboutthose words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant,such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done somore in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postmanbeen?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here'postman' remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian andTurkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makesthroughits system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain thatmales who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speakEnglish!?Answer the following questions according to the above text:?15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' isgiven?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?? Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clientsusing a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid theconflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms,whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companiesbeing courted by their investment bankers.We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity, said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice presidentfor investment advice and products. While the development of thesystematicallyperformed being is analysis the human, is methodologyand automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks ina similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individualstocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over timehas not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as towhether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though,is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stockratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out verygenerously.People who run computerized selection systems criticizetraditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflictsof interest, as well as individual bias. I am very suspicious aboutopinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stockselection, said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely onthe selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factorsthat their developers believe have the greatest ability to predictshare prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earningsgrowth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to whichearnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems asmarketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on howa group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, asdo stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans,and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform themarket averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwabsystem or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-Scouter? Mark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG)according to the information provided in the text.?Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided forquestions.?21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better thanhumans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices. 答案及评分标准?Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
《跨文化交际》考试试卷及答案
《跨文化社交》考试一试卷Section I Listening Test[20 points]Part 1. Questions 1- 5 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to a panel discussion between two people on animal behavior. Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D for each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Madam Chair states that chimpanzee's altruism __________.A. is similar to that of beesB. may contain an element of self-interestC. is part of a group feeding systemD. is not a mutual-aid system2.Worker beeswork hard looking for food for 2 or 3 weeks, __________. A.and then die, leaving no offspringB. and then feed their offspringC. but die before feeding their offspringD. and then produce their offspring3.Chimpanzees who don't do their share of grooming are __________ by the group.A.criticizedB.acceptedC.exchangedD.rejected4.Male lions will cooperate in groups comprising __________. A.brothersB. brothers and sistersC. brothers and sisters and daughtersD. brothers and sisters and daughters and aunts5.Which of the following animals are being discussed in the conversation?A.bees,dogs, and lionsB.bees,chimpanzees, and fishC.bees,chimpanzees, and lions.D.chimpanzees , lions, and dogsPart 2. Questions 6-15 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to part of a lecture. As you listen, fill in the blanks with words from the lecture to complete the sentences that summarize the main points of the lecture. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Note: Each blank requires only ONE word.People communicate with one another all the time. Culture is regarded at the __6___ of communication challenges and it influences how people __7___ problems and participate in groups and in ___8___.One definition of culture given in the lecture is that "Culture refers to a group with which we share common experiences that __9___ how we understand the world."In the complex world, culture is one of the factors that act upon people. Anthropologists Keven Avruch and Peter Black explained that "culture provides the lens through which we view the world; the __10___ by which we order it; the _11___ by which the world makes sense."Since people coming from different cultural groups need to work together, cultural values sometimes __12___ and misunderstanding arises.The speaker mentioned six patterns of cultural differences which include: different communication styles, attitudes toward conflict, approaches to ___13____ tasks, decision making styles, attitudes toward __14___, and approaches to knowing.When talking about communication style, the speaker introduced two aspects: verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, __15___, seating arrangements, personal distance, and senseof time.This is the end of the Listening Test.Section II Communicative Competence[30 points]Questions 16-30: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.16. Which of the following statements is TRUE of collectivism? __________A. Collectivist cultures are described as "I" cultures.B. Members of collectivist cultures value open discussion of disagreement.C. Uniformity and conformity are stressedin collectivist cultures.D. Collectivists tend to draw attention to themselves and expressunique opinions.17.Just now I suddenly realized that I was totally to blame. I'll just have to face the music. The underlined part here means __________.A.to go to a concert and forget anything else by enjoying the musicB.to relax oneself by listening to the music aloneD. to go to seethe person who is in charge and ask what has gone wrong18. Which of the following statements is NOT true? __________A.Individualism can be traced to the philosophy of liberalism.B.The basic social unit in collectivist cultures is the autonomous self.C. Eastern collectivism is tied to Confucianism.D. Culture shock may occur at the individualist-collectivist divide, but the gap can be bridged.19. Bob is great! He always plays the game. The underlined part has the same meaning as__________.A.takes something as a game without caring too muchB.plays various gamesC.helps others when playing gamesD.behavesin a fair and honorable way20. Which of the following first names is shortened as "Bob"? __________A.RobertB.WilliamC.AlexanderD.Peter21. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the roots of English names? __________A."Forester" came from personal characteristics.B."Young" came from occupations.C."O'Patrick" came from family relationships.D. "Butler" came from places.22.If you received an English invitation to a formal western banquet but could not attend it, what would be an appropriate action? __________A. Ask a friend to attend the banquet for you.B. Ask a colleague to phone a refusal.C. Accept the invitation but then not attend.D. Write a reply informing the host/hostessthat you could not attend the banquet.23.Your American colleague has just had her hair dyed green. She is expecting your comment. What would you say appropriately? __________A. "Your hair is as green as tree leaves."24.Your classmate from Britain would like to borrow your computer this weekend. Unfortunately, you need to use it at the same time. How would you refuse the request politely? __________A. "Well, why don't you borrow one from someone else?"B. "Sorry, I cannot lend it to you."C. "Yes, but you need to give it back to me as soon as possible."D. "I'd love to, but I'm afraid I've got a lot of things to type up as well."25. Trying to explain rock music to your grandfather is just like dui niu tan qin ( 对牛弹琴)-playing violin to a bull. The corresponding English expression is __________. A.casting pearls before swineB. casting diamonds to a dogC. throwing pearls to a pigD. throwing diamonds to a goat26. Which of the following statements is TRUE of non-verbal communication? __________A. Non-verbal communication serves a variety of purposes.B. Non-verbal communication is less important than verbal communication.C. Since non-verbal communication is hard to interpret, it is important to reduce it to the minimum in cross-cultural communication.D. Non-verbal communication is not effective without verbal communication.27.The idiom "by the skin of one's teeth" means __________.A. very thinB. hard and flexibleC. only justD. one'ssenseof right and wrong28.What does the ring gesture (you form an "O" by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb) mean in Britain? __________A.Something is expensive.B.Something is good.C.Something is worthless.D.I will kill you.29. Which of the following statements is NOT true? __________A. Proxemics is the study governing how closely one person standsto another.B. All cultures draw lines between appropriate and inappropriate social distance for different relationships.C. Social distance has a wider range than public distance.D. The appropriateness of physical contact varies between cultures.30.If someone is said to be "economical with the truth", he/she __________A. has saveda lot of moneyB.does not tell the whole truthC. usesvery few wordsD. has recently diedSection III Reading Comprehension[30 points]Part 1. Questions 31- 35 are based on Passage1. (10 points)A handshake will be an acceptable greeting around the world. However, the strength, length, and duration of a handshake will vary by culture. Of course, Japanesewill still bow to each other and it is advisable for foreign visitors to bow slightly when shaking hands. Mexicans who know eachother will hug and East Europeans may kiss. In many European countries it is common to shake hands with everyone in the room before and after each businessmeeting.Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting. Variations include where to keep your cards, which languages the card should be in, and what to do with the business card once you have received it. One rule to follow: Always bring five times more cards than you think you will need. To explore the nuances of business card exchange, we will examine the exchange as carried out by an American in Japan.First, the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other. The Japanese side should have a logo or other marker. It is important that the company and title be prominently positioned. The cards should be kept in a card holder in the vest or jacket. Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocketbook. The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting.Cards are presented with the giver's name (Japanese side) facing the recipient. The card can be delivered by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a slight bow. On receipt of a card, it should be studied carefully to determine the status of the person. Since meetings usually involve more than one person, each card received should be placed on the table, like an open deck of cards, in front of the recipient so that the executive can tell who he or she is speaking with. The recipient should avoid shuffling the cards, placing them in one's wallet, or writing on them in the presence of the giver. The business card is the symbolic embodiment of the organization; therefore it should be treated with the utmost respect.As a general rule, use people's titles on international business assignments. Learn the appropriate titles for each country. People with Ph.D.s should always be referred to as 'Doctor'. In many countries, people will be referred to by their titles only. For example, "Chief Engineer, can you tell us how this operation works?" The use of first names in business also varies by country and age. Be alert to these differences.Questions 31-35: Decide whether the following statements are true, false, or not mentioned according to the passage. Write T for "true", F for "false", and NM for "not mentioned" on the Answer Sheet._______31. Generally speaking, in Europe you should shake hands with everybody at the beginning and the end of a meeting._______32. You should always take at least five more business cards than you expect to need on your business trips._______33. In Japan, the person's status should be clearly given on the card._______34. It is acceptable for an American to note something down on a Japanesebusiness cardto remind him of the person who gave it to him._______35. The Japanesebusiness card is more than just a reminder of who the person is. It also representsthe company he works for.Part 2. Questions 36-40 are based on Passage2. (10 points)Passage2In an effort to get over culture shock, there is value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of manmade physical objects, social institutions, ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. There is nothing in a newborn child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French, nor that it should eat with a fork in its left hand rather than in the right, or use chopsticks. All these things the child has to learn. Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which theytransmit to their young. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are, as far as the individual is concerned, beyond his/her awareness. It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.As we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment. But once learned, culture becomes a way of life, the sure, familiar, largely automatic way of getting what you want from your environment and as such it also becomes a value.People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable. To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group and its ways to the extent that any critical comment is taken as an affront to the individual as well as to the group. If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me. If you criticize me, you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. For instance, if an American does something odd or antisocial in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, it is now considered a national trait.Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. It is best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a characteristic of national groups. If a person criticizes some aspect of one's ownculture, one should listen but not enter into criticisms.Questions 36-40: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.36. According to the passage,which of the following choices is NOT mentioned as an element in acultural environment?A.social institutionsB.beliefsC.historyD.physical objects37. What is the writer's stand about culture?A. Parentsare responsible for transmitting culture to their children.B. Children are born with culture.C. Culture needs to be taught to young people.D. Culture builds up over time and guides young people to adjust to environment.38.According to the passage, what is NOT suggested by the writer as a symptom of ethnocentrism?A. Regarding cultures containing similar values as the best cultures.B. Regarding home culture is superior to other cultures.39. What is the writer's attitude towards ethnocentrism in the article?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferent40.What does the word "censure" mean in the article?A. praiseB. criticizeC. evaluateD. judgePart 3. Questions 41- 45 are based on Passage3. (10 points)Passage3The Chinese make a clear distinction between insiders and outsiders, and this distinction exists on all levels of interpersonal interaction. Insiders consist of people from two categories: automatic and selected. Automatic insiders include one's parents, siblings, relatives, colleagues, andclassmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at workor elsewhere. For example, a person is considered an insider at work after he or she has developeda special relationship by helping others and sharing information with others. The five common criteria of an insider are nice, trustworthy, caring, helpful, and empathetic.The distinction between an insider and an outsider provides specific rules of interaction in Chinese interpersonal relationships. Insiders often are treated differently from outsiders, and a person with insider status often enjoys privileges and special treatment beyond an outsider's comprehension. To illustrate, a Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider, but an outsider has to follow the rules. The insider-outsider distinction also involves moral implications. In the Chinese culture, moral judgments are not only cognitively but affectively based. Moral standstendto vary from one relationship to another.Family-centered "insider" relationships have two important implications for relationshipdevelopment with strangers. First, as King and Bond argue, the importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system make it difficult to develop personal relationships with strangers. In the Chinese culture, the transformation from a wai ren (outsider) to a zi ji ren (insider) involves an arduous and time-consuming process, because personal relationships often take a long time to develop. After relationships have been established, however, they tend to stay very solid. As a result, in order to overcome the inherent difficulty in relationship development, intermediaries are widely used for social relationship construction. Second, the Chinese and other collectivistic cultures tend to be particularistic in their utilization of value standards toward in-groups and out-groups. This particularistic principle of interpersonal relationships hinders interactions with outsiders becausevalue standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups, and most Chinese don't feel knowledgeable about dealing with outsiders.Questions 41-45: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41.According to the author, what are the five common criteria of an insider?42.How do automatic insiders differ from selected ones?43. What example does the author give to show that insiders are treated differently from outsiders?44. According to the author, what makes it difficult for a Chinese person to develop a personal relationship with a stranger?45. What might be an appropriate title for this passage?Section IV Communication Analysis[20 points]The following are two cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding. Your analysis should be about 100 words for each case. You may organize your analysis in accordance with the following procedure: why did the people involved behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggestto each party in the case?Note: Your writing ability will be assessed.Case 1 (10 points)Li Hong is a new teacher in a middle school. One day, one of her Chinese colleague Yang Zhen introduces her to their middle-aged foreign teacher Maggy.Yang: Li Hong, this is Maggy, our English teacher from America. And Maggy, this is Li Hong, ournew colleague.Li and Maggy: How do you do?Maggy: Your sweateris so smart.Li: Oh, it is only an old one, I bought it last year.Maggy: You are so young and smart, I am sure you are a good teacher.Li: No, no. I am just a newcomer, I should learn from you old teachers.Maggy looks surprised and thinks, "I am really so old?"Question 46: Why did Li and Maggy behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case? What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Li and Maggy to avoid miscommunication?Case 2 (10 points)Li has returned to China after a year in the States. He marries his childhood sweetheart, who has never traveled and speaks very little English. Li's best friend in the States, Bob, comes to visit China for the first time and is introduced to Wang Lan, the new wife of his best friend."Gee, it's great to meet you", says Bob, "Li talked about you all the time back in Houston!" , and kisses Wang Lan heartily on both cheeks. Wang Lan is shocked.Question 47: Why did Bob and Wang Lan behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case? What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Bob and Wang Lan to avoid miscommunication?《跨文化社交》考试参照答案[20 points]Section I Listening TestPart 1. (10 points, 2 points each.)Part 2. (10 points, 1 point each. 0.5 point off for each misspelling.)6.root7.approachmunities9.shape10.logic11.grammar12.conflictpleting14.disclosure15.gesturesSection II Communicative Competence [30 points](30 points, 2 points each.)16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A21. C 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. A26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. BSection III Reading Comprehension [30 points]31.T32.F33.NM34.F35.TPart 2. (10 points. Award 2 points to each correct answer.)36. C37.D38.A39.C40.BPart 3. (10 points) Award 2 points to each correct answer.41.The five common criteria of an insider are nice, trustworthy, caring, helpful, and empathetic.42.Automatic insiders include one's parents, siblings, relatives, colleagues, and classmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere.43.A Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider, but an outsider has to follow the rules.44. The importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system (or value standardsapplied to in-groups may not be readily adaptedto out-groups).45.In-Groups and Out-Groups in China; Interpersonal Relations in China; Relating Foreigners in China, etc.Section IV Communication Analysis[30 points]The sample answers given in this part are more detailed than required in order to lead you through the three steps.In the examination, the students' analysis for each caseshould be about 100 words. Question 46.Case 1 (10 points, 1 point for overall language quality.)1.Li Hong comes from a collectivist culture which emphasizes deference paid to people older than self and modesty displayed on the part of the young. Maggy comes from an individualistic culture which values assertivenessand free expression of feelings. (2 points)2.As a young and new teacher, Li Hong showed her respect to Maggy with a formal greeting. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li reacted in a typical Chinese way by overusing modesty in front of a teacher older than her. She displayed her humbleness by saying that her sweater was an old one and she should learn from Maggy, an old teacher. Li's responsesare perfect between Chinese people but terrible in cross-cultural situations like this. She did not realize that her expression of respect could be translated into offence since individualistic cultures do not associate as much deference with age as collectivistic cultures do. Therefore, Maggy, coming from an individualistic culture, was surprised when Li called her "old teacher". Maggy did not understand that the word "old" here meant as a compliment, meaning that she had richer teaching experience. Both Li Hong and Maggy communicated only from their cultural perspectives and thus caused miscommunication. (3 points)3.To avoid miscommunication, Li Hong and Maggy should learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li could simply reply "thank you". She could use her non-verbal language to show her respect to Maggy, for instance, with a smile, a handshake, etc. (2 points) As to Maggy, she could use fewer complimentary words or more objective questions to reduce Li's nervousness. She should also understand that one of the key values in collectivism is deference paid to experience and old age. (2 points)Question 47.Case 2 (10 points, 1 point for overall language quality.)1. Bob comes from an individualistic culture which features close body contact among personal relationships. Wang Lan comes from a collectivistic culture which does not feature open display of personal feelings through body contact. (2 points)2.In the case, Bob treated Wang Lan as a close friend and greeted her in a typical western way with hearty kisses on her cheeks to display the close friendship. However, with little knowledge of western greeting etiquette, Wang Lan was shocked since Bob's "rude" behavior was not in line with the Chinese ways of expressing close friendship. In Chinese culture, a hearty handshake willserve the purpose. It is the contrast of Bob's open expression of closeness through close body contact and Wang Lan's indirectness in expressing her feelings that caused miscommunication. (3 points)3.To avoid miscommunication, Bob and Wang Lan need to learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly. Bob should ask Wang Lan if he could kiss her to express his friendship or he could shake hands with Wang Lan instead. (2 points) Wang Lan needs to understand that the kisses were well meant and does not have to feel embarrassedor shocked. She could act more actively by extending her hand out first for a handshake rather than behave passively.(2 points)。
跨文化交际试题附答案
《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In eachof the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on whatis to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.?Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, whohas no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.?Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at aBritish universityfor some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situationin the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientificexperiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child' s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require moreinformed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the culturaldifferences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. Ayear later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year'sexchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano concertperformed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talkingand at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunchof flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened severaltimes during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singingsome songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the endof the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. Theaudience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.?Paper 2 V ocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill thegap ineach of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in youranswer sheet. Do not change the forms of the words.?4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still somethat neededexplanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationshipsin China.8. Mike! Meet Jane, the .9. Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know.10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting otherpeople by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially thesystem of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that herhusband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations.? Paper 3 Translation?Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write yourtranslation on the answer sheet.?What do we mean by Intercultural Communications or IC? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or goingoverseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developedinternationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called cross-cultural communications orcomparative culture , scholars most often use the prefix inter with the wordcultural to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is representedby culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems ofother countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek tounderstand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese Englishteachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How toteach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practicesof Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.?But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields likecultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is acomprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures andhow theyinteract with each other.?To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand traditionand modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoingnational characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from theoutside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirtyodd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparingcultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differencesbetween them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Anotherlevel of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attentionis Nonverbal Communication.?Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20?In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in theEnglishlanguage. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we usereflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men aredominant and women play a secondary role. Take the word 'chairman' for example.While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to bemale-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman wereexclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as acompound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceivecupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use ofchairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite suchconsiderationsother speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it ismade up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about theplace of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral termssuch as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as;'Who is chair of the committee?'Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman','fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker',fire-fighter' and 'police officer'. There is, however, continuing controversy about howfar such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditionalidioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those wordswhere the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in thewritten language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would bequite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation.Here 'postman' remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is amatter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kindsof sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would bedifficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than maleswho speak English!?Answer the following questions according to the above text:?15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph??Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using acomputerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interestthat have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analystshave oftenacted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers.We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity, said JerryChafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products.While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performedsystematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company touse a computer-driven rating system, several others, including V alue Line and ZacksInvestment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, andtheir ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been provedconclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people.What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand outfewer positivestock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out verygenerously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Streetanalysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. I amvery suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individualstock selection, said Samuel Eisenstadt, V alue Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on theselection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developersacompare models Most prices. share predict to ability greatest the have believecompany9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many trackthe extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems asmarketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group ofstocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on WallStreet, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocksthat will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or newmodels, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-Scouter?Mark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) accordingto the information provided in the text.?Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.?21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'ValueLine'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准?Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: V ocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
(完整版)跨文化交际与翻译真题_
(完整版)跨文化交际与翻译真题_跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业一、案例分析(答题说明:每题10分,合计10.0分。
)1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college.Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing?Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues.Bill: Oh, have a good time?Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way theytreated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I broughtthem back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and whatdo you think happened?Bill: What?Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just putthem away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them.I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken.参考答案:答题点:Gift giving in the West三、跨文化单选(答题说明:每题1分,合计15.0分。
跨文化交际试卷1
( ) 1. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and_________.A. successful communicationB. verbal communicationC. bilateral communicationD. unsuccessful communication( ) 2. When you are invited for a western meal, you’re offered a second helping , but you havealready had enough. What would you say? “_________”. A. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful. B. No, I don’t want that. C. No, I don’t like it.D. That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks.( ) 3. Most Americans see themselves as separate _________, not as representatives of afamily, community or other group.A. independenceB. individualsC. customersD. cultures( ) 4. The _________ of a person is his or her family name. A. given nameB. middle nameC. surnameD. initials( ) 5. Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between _________relatives in Britain.A. internal and externalB. old and young2015年12月江苏省高等教育自学考试跨文化交际一、 选择题〔每题1分,共10分〕在以下各题中选出正确的选项,并将其字母标号填入题前的括号内。
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××学院试卷阶段测试2:Unit5-Unit8课程所属部门:人文学院课程名称:跨文化交际(双语)课程编号:考试方式:(A、闭)卷使用班级:人文学院班命题人:教研室(系)主任审核:主管领导批准:班级:学号:姓名:题号一二三四五六七八九十总分得分purpose of moving one's consciousness from the determinate to the indeterminate, freer state.Ⅱ. Make choices (Read the following situations and choose the appropriate answer(s). There may be more than one possible answer for each cultural puzzle. 本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分)ArraySituation :reading and relaxing by himself. He had been very busy at work during the week and had workedovertime. Saturday came and Jim rested himself in his most comfortable chair. Just as he started to read, the doorbell rang. He answered the door and to Ms surprise, Ms former Arabian co-worker, Magid, was standing at the door. They had been good friends at work, but had lost contact since Magid left. It was several months since they had saw each other.( )1. How do you think Jim felt?a) Jim probably had mixed feelings when he saw Magid. He was happy to See him, but felt disappointed that he couldn't spend the time alone.b) Jim was a little bit upset by the sudden dropping by of Magid.c) Jim was so happy to see Magid that he forgot about wanting to spend the day by Himself.Now read the situation from Magid's point of view.Situation :One Saturday morning, Magid was home and didn't have much to do. he thought about his friend, Jim, who he used to work with. it was a long time since they hadseen each other and Magid felt bad about this. He had told Jim that he would comeand visit him sometime, but several months had passed and he just couldn't find thetime. He remembered that Jim had told him,"Come and visit when you get thechance. I want to stay in touch with you."This Saturday morning seemed like a goodame to visit. He went to Jim's house and rang the doorbell. wnen Jim answered thedoor, he didn't look completely happy to see Magid. Then, after a few seconds, hesmiled and said,"Hi, Magid. Come on in."( )2.How do you think Magid felt?a) Magid was probably offended.b) Magid understood that Jim wanted to be by himself that day.C) Magid understood that Jim was a little bit upset because he dropped by without calling first. Now continue reading about what happened during the visit.Situation :Jim asked Magid to come into his home. They talked about what they had been doing since Magid left the company. Magid stayed about three hours and then said, 'I’d better go now." Jim got up and saw Magid out. They said goodbye to each other and Jim thanked Magid for coming. As they left each other, they both felt a little uncomfortable.( )3. Why do you think Magid was a little uncomfortable?a)Magid thought that Jim should have asked him to stay longer.b)Magid thought that he didn’t stay long enough.c) Magid couldn't understand why Jim thanked him for coming.( )4. Why do you think Jim was uncomfortable?a)Jim thought that Magid should have stayed longer. three hours was too short for a visit.b) Jim thought that Magid should have apologized for visiting without calling first.c)Jim thought that Magid had stayed too long and that he should have said something like, "I'm sorry if I've disturbed."( )5.What would you do if someone asks you a question that you feel too personal?a) You could say directly, don't want to answer that question."b) You could answer the question in a general way and then change the subject.c) You could explain that, in your culture, people usually don't ask such questions and that you feel uncomfortable answering it.( )6.Situation : An American invited a group of Japanese students over to Ms house. He and Ms wife had spent a great deal of time preparing food and getting the house ready. They were looking forward to the party and hoped that the Japanese would enjoy themselves. They came at about 8 : 00 at night and right away seemed to be enjoying themselves.There was a lot of dancing and singing and good conversation. Then, almost suddenly, one of the students said 'Thank you "to the hosts and said that it was time to go. After that, all of the Japanese began to get ready to leave. The American and Ms wife couldn't understand why this happened. They felt insulted because everyone left so early and at the same time.Can you explain what happened?a) The Americans must have done something that offended the Japanese.b) The Japanese were not having a good time.c) Japanese usually leave as a group and try not to stay too long so as not to offend their host.Ⅲ.Multiple choice (本题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分)Background : Janice, an American businesswoman, and Maya, a business. woman from Mexico, both work for the same company. Maya has just come to the U. S. To work in the American office of her company. Below are several situations involving Janice and Maya.In the following cultural puzzles, circle the letter before the nonjudgmental questions that will help Maya get the most helpful answers.( )1. Situation : Maya is introduced to Janice. Maya notices that Janice often smiles as she talks to the men and women in the company. In Maya's culture, a woman who smiles frequently when she talks to men is probably flirting. Maya asks a co-worker from her own culture :a) Janice is not a good woman, is she?b) Why does Janice flirt with strange men?c) What does it mean when an American woman smiles at a man?( ) 2.Situation : Maya and Janice are having lunch. Maya cuts her hand while she 'Tm sorry! Are you all right?" Later Maya says to a friend from her country:a) Why do Americans act like any problem is their fault?b) Do Americans feel that it is their fault when someone gets hurt using an American product?c) when I cut my hand, Janice said, Tm sorry. It wasn't her fault. Do most Americans apologize when it's not their fault?( ) 3.Situation : Maya sees the president of her company (an American) serve some coffee to a visitor. In her country, a company president would always ask a secretary to perform tasks like that. She asks Janice :a) I saw the company president serve coffee to a visitor. For me, that was very unusual. Does that seem unusual to you?b) Don't American secretaries like to take care of their bosses?c) Is the president's secretary sick?( ) 4.Situation : Maya visits Janice's house one Saturday afternoon. She is listening to aconversation the family is having. Janice, her husband and the children are discussing where to go for their summer holiday. Janice wants to go to New York City, but the children want to go camping instead. Janice listens carefully to the children's reasons,Later, Maya asks another American :a) Why do American children have so much power in the American family?b) Why do American parents let their children tell them what to do?c) Do Americans often let their children help make decisions?1. Read the following case and analyze why did that woman suddenly stop talking with Mark and turned to another man?Case 1 Personal SpaceMark had recently moved from Denmark to Sydney to work as a salesperson for a large Australian company. After three weeks, he was invited to join a local club. During the first few weeks at the club, Mark would either stand in the comer talking with someone or sit on a sofa listening to other people talk and chat. As time went by, he came to know most of the club members and seemed to enjoy talking with them. One day, at an evening party, one of the female members approached him. Mark immediately showed Ms interest by talking about the atmosphere of the party. At first, the conversation between them seemed to go quite smoothly, but as it progressed, the lady seemed to step further and further away from Mark as he had been gradually moving closer to her. The lady obviously seemed uncomfortable. As Mark was about to ask her questions regarding Australian social customs, another man standing nearby directed a glance toward the lady. She excused herself and went to talk with that man, leaving Mark standing alone and wondering why their conversation had come to such a sudden stop.2. Read the following case and answer:How could you explain to Li Hua's parents about the relationship between Li Hua and John? How could you explain to John Li Hua's parents' behavior?Case 2 I've Hot Considered Marriage YetJohn, 28 years old, an Australian studying Chinese in Beijing, met Li Hua at a dance party. LiHua, 22, took an instant liking to John the first time they met. As time went on, they saw more andmore of each other. After six months or so, Li Hua suggested that John meet her parents. Since this was the first time John had visited a Chinese family, he became quite nervous the moment he was introduced to Li Hua's parents, elder sister and sister-in-law. Soon after serving him some Chinese tea and fruit, Li Hua's mother began questioning John about his background, his family and relatives, as well as his economic status. John did his best to answer all of the questions, sometimes in broken Chinese. A few minutes later, Li Hua's father turned toward John, and asked a very direct question. He wanted John to tell him when he would marry Li Hua and where he was going to live and work. John, being a bit surprised at the question, replied that he hadn't thought about marriage. Li Hua's father got very upset and angry. He stamped his foot and asked John to leave. As John was about to leave, Li Hua's father warned him against seeing his daughter again. John left, without knowing what he had done to enrage the family,。