材料成型级控制工程专业英语阅读
材料成型及控制工程 英语
材料成型及控制工程英语Materials forming and control engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the use of various materials in manufacturing processes. It involves the design, fabrication, and control of various forming processes used in manufacturing.Step 1: Material SelectionThe first step in materials forming and control engineering is material selection. Different materials have different properties, and it is important to select amaterial that is suitable for the intended application. The material selection criteria include strength, durability, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and the abilityto withstand high temperatures.Step 2: Material ProcessingAfter material selection, the next step is material processing. The forming process depends on the type of material being used, the quantity required, and the desired shape. Some of the common forming processes include casting, forging, rolling, sheet metal forming, and extrusion. The process used is determined by the material's properties and the desired outcome.Step 3: Material ControlThe third step in materials forming and control engineering is material control. Material control involves monitoring the production process to ensure that the desired outcome is achieved. Various techniques are used to control the material, such as temperature control, pressure control,and humidity control.Step 4: Quality ControlQuality control is essential in materials forming and control engineering. It ensures that the materials produced meet the desired standards. This involves inspecting the materials to ensure they meet the required specifications and performing tests to determine if the materials are fit for use.Step 5: Material RecyclingFinally, recycling is an essential aspect of materials forming and control engineering. Recycling materials reduces the need for raw materials, reduces waste, and conserves energy. Materials that can be recycled include metals, plastics, glass, and paper.In conclusion, materials forming and control engineering is a vital component in the manufacturing industry. Itinvolves selecting the appropriate materials, processing them through various forming processes, controlling the process, and ensuring the materials meet the desired quality standards. Recycling the materials is also an essential aspect of the process, as it conserves energy, reduces waste, and minimizes the need for raw materials. The production of high-quality materials is essential in ensuring the success of the manufacturing industry.。
材料成型及控制工程专业英语-_3.PRINCINPLES_OF_PLASTIC_FORMING
亚结构（substructure），泛指晶体内部的错位排 列和分布；特指晶体划分为取向差不大（从秒到度 数量级）的亚晶粒，其晶粒间界可以归结为错位的 行列或网络(见位错)。
终轧温度 （finish-rolling temperature）是指热轧 板带离开最后一道精轧机时的温度；而之后的卷取 温度是指板带到达卷取机时的温度，这两个温度对 热轧板带成材后的金相组织、晶粒大小有着极大影 响，从而对其机械性能影响巨大。
dynamic softening 动态软化
static recovery 静态回复 recrystallization 再结晶 thermally activated 热激活的 dislocation density 位错密度
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CHAPTER 3
PRINCIPLES OF PLASTIC FORMING
3.2 Subgrain and Dislocation Strengthening
precipitation沉淀物
tow phase region 两相区
restoration index回复指标
systematic study 系统研究
microalloyed steel 微合金钢
linear dependence 线性关系 misorientation 取向错误 perpendicular垂直的，正交的 axis轴，轴线
这些问题的答案决定了材料在进入下一个和随后的加工过程 时的结构，从而影响材料的流动应力和所需要的作用力。并 最终确定的热加工产品的结构和性能。
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CHAPTER 3
PRINCIPLES OF PLASTIC FORMING
材料成型及控制工程专业英语阅读翻译
第 5 章塑料成型及模具5. 1. 1 注塑模具5.1.1 一般注塑成型技术的处理器的持续发展的要求越来越多。
注塑成型过程中最重要的问题无疑是正确的注射。
因为设计成型形状的影响不大，如有的建设最多样化的注塑部件的机器。
高效的生产主要取决于注塑模具。
模具的耐久性取决于他们的护理和治疗。
由于总是硬化和地面的运动部件和模具型腔，他们之间产生500000和100000000张。
为了便于建设，降低制造成本，注塑模具成为标准化.一些公司提供基本现成的方形或圆形，立即使用. 只需插入标准或卸料板模具设计的基础，那么，必须安装到基础。
5.1.2 个基本模具结构5.1.2.1 工作原理注塑模具基本上由两个半形. 模具的一半包含浇道衬套和热流道系统，喷射系统。
成型部分是设在分界线另一半的房子。
5.1.2.2 单或者多腔模具要成立一个关于在注塑模具型腔的选择计算，需要准确掌握的材料，要处理的注塑机和模具。
蛀牙和相对整机成本decrease.The 生产对于一个给定的成型零件所需的时间越来越多的模具成本增加，取决于壁厚，注射速度，回收率，冷却dolded 材料所需的时间，冷却模具的能力和保压时间期限，如必要的附带倍，射血时间，延迟时间等。
因此，决定确定的腔数取决于：（1）尺寸（成型零件的数量，交货时间顺序）（2）形状的模具零件（尺寸质量要求）（3）注塑机（锁模力，塑化和注射容量）（4）模具成本有几个已知的程序计算腔的经济。
不幸的是，他们是如此不同，这是不可能的凝结。
作为一个例子：理论最大。
腔数是F2必须等于或比F1小。
F1是: 注塑模具的注射模成型车间成型车间，造型车间注塑成型注射成形的研磨（地上，地下）磨削，磨光单型腔模具单型腔注射模的多腔腔达到词语和术语的最大数量模多型腔注射模的阻尼力夹紧力; 合模力塑化（使）成为可塑;（使）可塑注射容量注射容量。
5.1.3 三板式注射模具三板式注射模具是具有两个分型面的注射模具，这种模具带有浇口，也就是直浇道在模型中和塑件相分离。
材料成型及控制工程专业英语及翻译【范本模板】
最新消息1-2the benefits of civilization which we enjoy today are essentiallydue to the improved quality of products available to us 。
文明的好处我们享受今天本质上是由于改进质量的产品提供给我们。
the improvement in the quality of goods can be achieved with proper design that takes into consideration the functional requirement as well as its manufacturing aspects. 提高商品的质量可以达到与适当的设计，考虑了功能要求以及其制造方面.The design process that would take proper care of the manufacturing process as well would be the ideal one。
This would ensure a better product being made available at an economical cost.设计过程中,将采取适当的照顾的生产过程将是理想的一个.这将确保更好的产品被使可得到一个经济成本.Manufacturing is involved in turning raw materials to finished products to be used for some purpose. 制造业是参与将原材料到成品用于某些目的。
In the present age there have been increasing demands on the product performance by way of desirable exotic properties such as resistance to high temperatures, higher speeds and extra loads。
材料成型及控制工程专业英语--2.-HEAT-TREATMENT-OF-STEEL
▪The role of heat treatment in modern mechanical engineering can not be overestimated.▪The changes in the properties of metals due to heat treatment are of extremely great significance.热处理在现代机械工程中的作用不可能评价的过高。
由热处理而产生的性能改变是特别重要的。
☐2.1.1 temperature and time 温度和时间The purpose of any heat treating process is to produce the desired changes in the structure of metal by heating to a specified temperature and by subsequent cooling.▪任何热处理的目的都是（通过）将金属加热到一定的温度并(随后)冷却,以使金属组织产生所需变化。
☐2.1.1温度和时间Therefore, the main factors acting in heat treatment aretemperature and time, so that any process of heattreatment can be represented in temperature-time ( t-r ) coordinates.▪因此，热处理的主要因素是温度和时间，所以任何热处理工艺都以用温度-时间为坐标轴进行表示。
☐热处理工艺主要有以下几个参数：加热温度t max ，既合金加热的最高温度；在加热温度下的保温时间；加热速率和冷却速率。
▪Heat treatment conditions are characterized by the following parameters: heating temperature t max , i.e. the maximum temperature to which an alloy metal is heated; time of holding at the heating temperature ; heating rate and cooling rate .▪☐如果以不变速率加热或冷却，则温度和时间的关系可以具有不同倾斜角的直线。
《材料成型及控制工程专业英语阅读》翻译系列11.1
《材料成型及控制工程专业英语阅读》翻译CHAPTER 11 CASTING铸造工艺的主要分类依据是其所应用的铸造种类。
这些铸型是型砂、塑料粘结壳型、永久型和半永久型金属型。
压铸用金属型、石膏型、熔模铸造铸型。
11.1 各种铸造工艺砂型的第一步是制作一个金属的或木质的模样，模样就是将要制成的铸件的复制品，但尺寸要比铸件的稍大一些。
模样通常是由两个或多个部分组成，从而能容易地从铸型中被取出来。
为了制作铸型，型砂被压实并填充在模样的四周，而型砂是放在一个像箱子似的容器也就是沙箱里的。
沙箱内充满砂型之后，撤出模样，就留下可一个与成品铸件形状相似的型腔。
如果铸件上有中空的部位，例如：车轮里的一个轴心孔，那么型腔里的孔洞形状的地方必须填上型砂。
这些制空的形状就是所谓的型芯。
用于铸件和型芯的型砂是由粘土和颗粒粘结剂混合成的。
如果砂型经过了烘干，那么就称之为干砂型：如果是在潮湿的状态下使用，则成为湿型砂。
干砂型比湿砂型具有更大的强度，更大的抗腐蚀能力和抗碎性。
填充型砂之前，在模样的表面覆上一层细的沙也就是所谓的面纱。
这样可以提高砂型铸件的表面质量。
塑性粘结壳型铸件是砂铸的一种改进形式。
一个金属模样加热到350℉左右（175℃），然后夹放到一个充满细砂和热固树脂的箱子上面。
当箱子倒过来，它里面的物质就掉落在热模样上，那么树脂受热就会软化。
这样，就在模样的周围形成以薄壳层的铸件材料。
然后箱子转回到其初始的位置，未反应的树脂和砂型就从模样上掉下来。
当树脂有足够的时间充分（完全）固化之后，这么壳层就剥落下来。
最终的铸型由两片相配的壳层组成，壳层紧紧地靠在一起，且四周是由沙箱中的金属颗粒支撑物所包围，而使用这种颗粒物提高了冷却和凝固速度。
永久型和半永久型的铸件是由金属制成的。
如果需要永久型铸型甚至使用金属型芯。
半永久型使用砂型芯。
铸型的两部分通常紧紧地铰接在一起，并使用螺钉装置紧固。
铸型图层或涂料由耐火材料，像石墨或三氧化二铁这样的润滑剂和粘结剂组成，其有助于铸件从铸型中取出。
材料成型及控制工程专业英语--1.MATERIALS-AND-THEIR-PROPERTIES解析
1.1 Metals and Non-metalsWords and termsdefinite－确定的、明确的defect－缺陷plastic deformation塑性变形stress concentrator 应力集中点self-strengthening自强化the tip of a crock裂纹尖端☐Among numerous properties possessed by materials，their mechanical properties，in the majority of cases，are the most essential and therefore，they will be given much consideration in the book．☐在一些主要应用场合，机械性能是材料的各种性能中最重要的性能，因此，本书中将重点讨论。
▪consideration 考虑，需要考虑的事项，报酬☐All critical parts and elements，of which a high reliability （可靠性）is required，are made of metals, rather than of glass，plastics or stone.☐由于各种关键零部件的可靠性要求高，均用金属而不是玻璃、塑料或石头制造。
▪is required 翻译时将英文中的被动语态，改译为汉语中的主动语态。
▪rather than 而不是☐As has been given in Sec.1-1，metals are characterized by the metallic bond（金属键），where positive ions （正离子）occupy the sites of the crystal lattice （晶格）and are surrounded by electron gas（电子云）．☐正如Sec1-1中所说，金属主要由金属键组成（其特征主要……）。
材料成型及控制工程专业外语阅读
3. 1. 1 Dynamic Structural Change
During the deformation of austenite at hot-working temperatures and constant strain rate, the characteristic form of stress-strain curve observed is illustrated in Fig. 3. 1. These curves are for low-alloy steels,tested in torsion,but are similar to those obtained for other steels in the austenitic condition tested in torsion,tension,or compression. After initial rapid work-hardening the curves go through a maximum associated with the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The peak in flow stress occurs after some low fraction of recrystal lization has taken place so the strain to the peak (εp) is always greater than the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization (εc).
It can be seen from Fig.3.1 that εp increases systematically with Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z),independent of the particular combination of strain rate (ε) and temperature (T/K) in the relationship Z = εexp Qdef/RT
材料成型及控制工程 答案B-06专业英语(3)
2、The power supply provides a voltage potential between the electrode and the die block such that, when the gap between the two is sufficiently small, a spark passes through this gap.（6分）
模块和电极都接通电源就会有电压，当电极和模块之间的间隙足够小时，电压会产生电火花击穿这个间隙。
3、The most important problem in the process of injection molding is undoubtedly the correct design of the injection mold, because the molding shop has little influence, if any, on the construction of the machine.（6分）
因为成型车间没什么影响，即使有，也是注塑机的结构的影响。因此，注射成型工艺最重要的问题无疑是正确设计模具。
4、The flywheel , which is driven by an electric motor and “V” belts, stores energy that is used only during a small portion of the crank revolution, namely during deformation of the material.（6分）
飞轮由电机和三角皮带驱动，飞轮积聚的能量仅在曲柄转动的小部分范围，即材料变形的时候才释放出来。
材料成型及控制工程专业英语版介绍-完整版-狂砍幸福
Material molding and control engineering research through the hot working to change the microstructural structure, macro properties and surface shape, the hot working process of the relevant technological factors on the influence of the materials, solve the molding process development, molding equipment, process optimization theory and method. The die design theory and method, the mould manufacturing of material, heat treatment, processing methods. This subject is the development of national economy of pillar industry.This specialized raise has materials science and engineering theory basis, material molding process and control engineering, mould design and manufacture professional knowledge, can in machinery, mould, material molding manufacture engaged in scientific research, application development, technology and equipment for the design, manufacturing and operation management, the advanced engineering and technical personnel and management personnel. This major is divided into two training module:(1)welding forming and control:Training to adapt to the needs of society, grasp the basic theory of welding forming, metal material welding, welding inspection, welding methods and equipment, welding production management comprehensive knowledge of the senior technical personnel.(2) the mold design and manufacturing:Master the material plastic forming the basic theory, the die design and manufacture, die computer-aided design, materials such as plastic processing production management comprehensive knowledge of the senior technical personnel.The professional bachelor's, master's with PhD degree of engineering and architecture, students can choose to further study. Students can to machinery manufacturing, automotive and shipping manufacture, metal and rubber and plastic materials processing, etc and welding material molding, engaged in the mould design and manufacturing, and related control of the production process, technical development, scientific research, business management, trade marketing, etc. This major wide employment, the market demand, the employment situation is good.Material molding and control engineering is the predecessor of the metal casting professional. The early liberation, China's metal materials professional belongs to the discipline of the machinery, metal forming belong to major in mechanical engineering. Due to the needs of the development of the industry, our country in the early days of the steel smelting level and scale improve soon, corresponding promoted the metal especially steel molding the professional development. Beijing steel institute (now the Beijing science and technology university), wuhan iron and steel institute, shenyang mechanical engineering college is China's earlier a batch of metal forming research institutions. Other universities in the mechanical engineering also have metal casting molding subject, these professional training for our country in the early days of a large number of socialist construction personnel. The-60-s, under the help of the Soviet union, China's rapid development of industry, the corresponding molding the professional have gained great achievements, all kinds of machine manufacturing needs a lot of metal parts, and these parts of the strength and hardness and size requirement enhances unceasingly, metal forming level and therefore get improved a lot.At present, the material molding and control engineering has become one of the components materials to an important process, the modern industrial development on parts of the performance requirements more and more high, some application of materials depends not only on the material itself all sorts of function, but also on its mechanical properties can be processed. Therefore, material molding industry has been accompanied by the development of new high technology ceaselessly. In the 90 s, China has built a large number of modern material molding enterprise, make our country material processing standards have been raised, some export added value of products improve. At present our country some enterprise production of stamping, stretch forming parts already exported to Japan motor corporation the company of affiliation, Toshiba corporation the company of affiliation, Fuji, motor, kawasakiheavy industries, wu mountain instrument corporation and other enterprise. By cold forming, hot extrusion process of copper pipe production has been exported to the United States, Germany and Australia and other countries.Our country material molding and control technology is still needs further development, computer control forming technology in our country at present is still in the initial stage, and in this industry the technology level of our country in the world still is backward, and our country to this domain product demand is big rise, thereby material molding field would be in the next few years for considerable development. 21 century information industry, material industry, the energy industry will be the national production of the three pillar industries, and material molding and control technology material industry is one of the important parts, it would involve all fields of national production.。
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材料成型级控制工程专业英语阅读材料成型级控制工程专业英语阅读1.2.1 Plain Carbon Steel 普通碳钢Hot-rolled steel delivered （供给）by steelmaking works as rolled sections(bars, beams，sheets．tubes，etc) is the most wildly used material for manufacture of various machines，machine tools, building structures，consumer goods，etc．Delivered steel should have the properties as specified by State Standards（国家标准）．钢铁制造车间供给的热轧钢主要为棒材、柱材、板材、管材等，热轧钢是制造各种机械、机器工具、建筑结构和消费品中应用最广泛的材料。
所供给的钢应具有国家标准规定的各种性能。
In the RSSU．Plain carbon steels are classified into three groups：A, B and C，depending on their application.在RSSU中，普通碳钢根据其用途分为A、B、C三类。
A: If a steel is to be used for making products without hot working (welding, Forging．Etc.). Its structure and properties in the final product will be the same as delivered from the rolling mill．In that case the user requests for a steel of warranted（保证）mechanical properties，while the chemical composition is not guaranteed（保证、担保）．A:如果钢在制造产品的过程中没有进行热加工（焊接、锻造等），则最终产品的组织和性能将与轧厂提供的相同。
这种情况下，用户只需要求材料应有的机械性能，而不必保证其成分。
B: If a steel is to be subjected to hot working(forging，stamping，etc)，its initial structure and mechanical properties will be changed.In that case the composition of the steel will be of prime importance for the user，since it determines the conditions of hot working and the final mechanical properties of steel products．Now a steel of warranted composition is delivered to the user.B.如果钢要进行热加工（锻造、冲压等），则其初始组织和机械性能将会改变。
此时/在这种情况下，钢的成分对用户来讲是最重要的，因为它(成分)决定了热加工的条件，钢制品的最终机械性能。
因此，提供给用户的钢应保证其成分含量。
C: If a steel is to be welded．the user wants to know the composition of the steel．since it determines the properties of the metal in the zone subjected to thermal effect of weld（焊接热影响区）．The user is also interested in the initial mechanical properties of the metal，since these properties will remain the same in portions not subjected to welding．In that case the metal is delivered with warranted composition and mechanical properties.C．如果钢要进行焊接，则用户需要知道钢的成分，因为成分决定钢焊接时热影响区的性能。
用户也会对钢材的原始机械性能感兴趣，因为未焊接的部分的性能是原始性能。
这种情况下，供给用户的钢应具有规定的成分和机械性能。
General-purpose plain steels are not alloyed．Some alloying elements may sometimes be present in them occasionally and their content（含量） is limited．非特殊用途/一般用途的普通钢不是合金钢。
一些合金元素偶尔会出现，其含量受限制。
The presence of silicon and manganese may be due to the steel—making process(the necessity of deoxidation脱氧)．Surphur （硫）and phosphorus（磷） are harmful impurities（杂质） in steel and their content should be minimized as it may affect the quality of steel．在钢冶炼过程中由于脱氧的需要，会出现硅和锰。
硫、磷是钢中有害的杂质，应尽可能减少其含量，它们会影响钢的质量。
The principal element whose content is responsible for the properties of steels is carbon影响钢性能最主要的元素是碳。
1.3Non-ferry AlloysAlthough ferrous alloys ale used in the majority of metallic applications in current engineering designs，non—ferrous alloys play a large and indispensable role in our technology. As compared to ferrous alloys，the list of non—ferrous alloys is，of course，long and complex．We shall briefly list the major families ofnon—ferrous alloys and their key attributes．尽管现代工业设计中，铁合金是主要应用的金属，但是非铁合金在当前科技中也起着很大并不可替代的作用。
当然，与铁合金相比，非铁合金的种类多且复杂。
我们将简要介绍几种非铁合金及其主要特征。
Aluminum alloys are best known for low density and corrosion resistance. Electrical conductivity，easy of fabrication，and appearance are also attractive features．Because of these，the world production of aluminum roughly doubled in one recent 10 year period．Ore reserves for aluminum are large (representing 8％of the earth’s crust) and aluminum can be easily recycled铝合金以其低密度和腐蚀抗力而闻名。
电导率、易加工以及好的外观也是其具有吸引力的特征。
基于以上特点，近10年来铝合金的产量几乎翻了一番。
铝矿石的产量很大（占地壳的8％），并且铝是可以回收的。
Magnesium alloys have even lower density than aluminum and，as a result，appear in numerous structural applications such as aerospace designs．Aluminum is a fcc material and therefore has numerous (12) slip systems, leading to good ductility．By contrast．magnesium is hcp with only three slip systems and characteristic brittleness．镁合金的密度比铝合金的还低，因此，设计航空飞行器时大量的结构件用镁合金。
铝合金是面心立方结构金属，因此，有12个滑移系，使其延展性好。
相反，镁合金是密排六方结构，仅有3个滑移系，易脆断（具有脆性）。
Titanium alloys have become widely used since World WarⅡ．Before that time，a practical method of separating titanium metal from reactive oxides and nitrites was not available. Once formed, titanium’s reactivity works to its advantage．A thin tenacious oxide coating forms on its surface, giving excellent resistance to corrosion. This “passivation” w ill be discussed in detail later. Titanium alloys，like Al and Mg，are of lower density than ion. Although more dense than Al or Mg，titanium alloys have a distinct advantage of retaining strength at moderate service temperatures, leading to numerous aerospace design applications. Titanium shares the hcp structure with magnesium leading to characteristically low ductility. However，a high temperature bcc structure can be stabilized at room temperature by certain alloy additions such as vanadium.二战以后钛合金被广泛应用，在此之前，还没有通过活性氧和硝酸盐分离钛金属的工艺。