专业英语阅读
专业英语八级阅读附答案
专业英语八级阅读附答案专业英语八级阅读精选附答案Reputation is often got without merit and lost without fault.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业英语八级阅读精选附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Passage 8 (Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System)These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society'. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn't bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest', and ‘might is right' are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy' read ‘meritocracy'; inother respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life'. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.[B] Equality means money.[C] There is no such society as classless society.[D] Nature can't give you a classless society.2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can't get rid of inequality because ___________[A] the principle ‘survival of the fi ttest' exists.[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.3. Who can obtain more rapid success ___________[A] those with wealth.[B] Those with the best brains.[C] Those with the best opportunities.[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because ___________[A] money decides everything.[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.[D] Wealth is used for political ends.5. According to the author, class divisions' refers to ___________[A] the rich and the poor.[B] Different opportunities for people.[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.[D] Genius and stupidity.Vocabulary1. discredit 损害，破坏，败坏(某人的名声)，不可信2. monarch 国王，女皇，君主政体3. millennium 千年the millennium 千僖年4. bear out 证实5. level out (升跌之后)呈平稳状态6. meritocracy 英才管理，英才教育，能人统治7. knack 技巧，诀窍8. perpetuate 使永久，永存或持续9. indiscriminate 不加鉴别的，不加分析的，任意的10. boil down 归结为……难句译注1. Close examination doesn't bear out the claim.【参考译文】深入探索证实此断言不确。
英语专业阅读试题及答案
英语专业阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AIn the past few years, the popularity of e-books has grown rapidly. This trend has been driven by the convenience and portability of e-books, as well as their affordability. However, some people still prefer traditional paper books for various reasons.1. Why has the popularity of e-books increased in recent years?A. Because they are more affordable.B. Because they are more convenient and portable.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.2. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of e-books.B. The advantages of e-books.C. The preference for traditional paper books.D. The growth of e-book sales.BThe article discusses the importance of sleep for maintaininggood health. It explains that sleep is essential for the body to recover from daily activities and to consolidate memories. Lack of sleep can lead to various health problems, including a weakened immune system and a higher risk of chronic diseases.3. What is the main purpose of the article?A. To explain the benefits of sleep.B. To promote a sleep product.C. To discuss the causes of sleep disorders.D. To argue against the use of sleeping pills.4. According to the article, what are the consequences of not getting enough sleep?A. Improved memory and concentration.B. A stronger immune system.C. A higher risk of chronic diseases.D. Enhanced physical performance.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. With just a few clicks, we can now connect with people around the world and 5. a vast amount of knowledge.5. A. acquireB. accessC. achieveD. assess6. The internet has also made it easier for us to 6. newskills and hobbies.A. learnB. teachC. practiceD. demonstrate三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）Translate the following sentences into English.7. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。
专业英语四级(阅读)-试卷148
专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷148(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：11，分数：30.00)1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：We're always being told by the Department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. But it's not clear where the evidence for this comes from and a large study by the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition(EPIC)two years ago of the dietary intake of more than 400, 000 people found only a weak link between eating fruit and vegetables and a reduction in overall cancer risk. There's no evidence it reduces breast or prostate cancer. Even so, how could anyone argue against eating more fruit and vegetables? Well, it depends what fruit you're eating. A review article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal warns that a chemical in grapefruits can interact fatally with certain medicines. Even apple juice, the staple of many breakfast tables, may reduce our absorption of some drugs. Parents also often think fruit juice is a healthy alternative to soda drinks but juices contain sugar and calories too—as much as a glass of Coke(160 calories)—so should be drunk in moderation. Grapefruit has also been linked to an increase in breast cancer. A study in the British Journal of Cancer(BJC)of 500, 000 postmenopausal women found that eating a quarter of the fruit a day increased the risk by 30%. There is one good reason for not eating grapefruits—they taste sour. But they are unlikely to increase your risk of breast cancer: further research in the BJC showed no increase of breast cancer in pre- or post-menopausal women who tuck into grapefruits or drink juice. Grapefruit contains a type of chemical called furanocoumarin(also found in Seville oranges and limes but not Valencia or other sweet oranges), which, by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4, stops the breakdown of some prescription drugs. So the concentrations of these drugs rise and can have serious side-effects, including kidney damage, heart block(where no electrical impulses pass through the heart and it can stop beating), and deep vein thrombosis(which occurred when an oral contraceptive was taken by a woman who also ate grapefruit three days in a row). Patient information leaflets should tell you what foods to avoid with which drugs. If in doubt, ask your doctor. So you don't need to eat less fruit, and may still need to eat more. Another paper from the EPIC study found a 22% reduction in deaths from heart attacks in people who ate eight portions of fruit and vegetables a day compared to those who ate three or fewer. The way the study is designed, however, means that it can only suggest a link—it can't prove one.（分数：6.00）(1).EPIC conducted a research two years ago to______.（分数：2.00）A.prove that people should eat five portions of fruit a dayB.find a way to reduce the overall cancer riskC.make sure the right amount of fruit eaten every dayD.investigate the relation between eating fruit and reducing cancer risk √解析：解析：推理题。
2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读(二)考试真题及答案7
2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读（二）考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Reading Comprehension.(50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.1、Passage OneIts early August and the countryside appears peaceful. Planting has long been finished and the fields are alive with strong, healthy crops. Soybeans and wheat are flourishing under the hot summer sun, and the corn, which was knee-high by the fourth of July, is now well over six feet tall. Herds of dairy and beef cattle are grazing peacefully in rolling pastures which surround big, ted barns and neat, white farmhouses. [Everything as far as the eye can see radiates a sense of prosperity.]Welcome to the Midwest-one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world.The tranquility of the above scene is misleading. Farmers in the Midwest put in some of the longest workdays of any profession in the United States. In addition caring for their crops and livestock, theyhave to keep up with new farming techniques, such as those for combining soil erosion and increasing livestock production. It is essential that farmers adopt these advances in technology if they, want to continue to meet the growing demands of a hungry world.Agriculture is the number one industry in the United States and agricultural products are the countrys leading export. American farmers manage to feed not only the total population of the United States, but also millions of other people throughout the rest of the world. Corn and soybean exports alone account forapproximately 75 percent of the amount sold in world markets.This productivity, however, has its price. Intensive cultivation exposes the earth to the damaging forces of nature. Every year wind and water remove tons of rich soil from the nations croplands, with the result that soil erosion has become a national problem concerning everyone from the farmer to the consumer.Each field is covered by a limited amount of topsoil, the upper layer of earth which is richest in the nutrient and minerals necessary for growing crops. Eversince the first farmers arrived in the Midwest almost 200 years ago, cultivation and,consequently, erosion have been depleting the supply of topsoil. In the 1830s,nearly two feet of rich, black top soil covered the Midwest. Today the average depth is onlyeight inches, and every decade another inch is blown or washed away.This erosion is steadily decreasing the productivity of valuable cropland. A United States Agricultural Department survey states that if erosion continues at its present rate, corn and soybean yields in the Midwest may drop as much as 30 percent overthe next 50 years.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.The underlined sentence in Para. 1 implies that ____.A.the Midwest is the most prosperous in the USB.the Midwest is the most fertile in the worldC.the Midwest is expecting a good harvestD.the Midwest is within reach of prosperity2、What does the author say about the farmers in Para. 2?A.They live a tranquil but industrious lifeB.They work very hard and learn new skills.C.They work longer hours during week days.D.They have to compete with farmers in other countries.3、From Para. 3, we can learn that ____.A.American farmers feed almost three quarters of the world populationB.75 percent of corn and soybeans in the world market come from the USC.American agricultural exports have a share of 75% in the global marketD.corn and soybeans take up about three quarters of American agricultural exports4、According to Para. 4, ______.A.soil deterioration is becoming a serious problemB.climate change reduces the area of the croplandsC.customers have to pay more for agricultural productsD.high productivity comes along with damaging forces of nature5、The purpose of this passage is _______.A.to show the necessity to improve farming methodsB.to persuade farmers to adopt new farming techniquesC.to inform people of the side effect of intensive cultivationD.to intensify people's awareness of land erosion in the US6、Passage TwoLike many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Carand Driverand Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the查看答案。
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语阅读(二)》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语阅读（二）》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】Jenny complained that the hospital ________ her too much for the treatment.A.expendedB.paidC.costD.charged2.【单选题】It rained hard yesterday, ______ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB.whichC.asD.it3.【单选题】It is difficult to ________ the implication between the lines.A.get toB.get withC.get atD.get down4.【单选题】The two girls competed with each other ______ the highest mark.A.forB.withC.toD.against5.【单选题】Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A.persuadeB.pursueC.persistD.proceed6.【单选题】They are eager _______ abroad.A.travelB.travelledC.to travelD.travelling7.【单选题】Is it Shakespeare Theatre _______ you are going to watch the play The Merchant of Venice?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.as8.【单选题】The new discovery _______ be of great service to mankind.A. is bound toB.is bound forC.be bound toD.be bound for9.【单选题】Water is composed _______ hydrogen and oxygen.A. ofB.withC.forD.about10.【单选题】It took me a month to get rid _______ the cough.A.forB.asC.ofD.over11.【单选题】Charles Smith, ______ was my former teacher, retired last year.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as12.【单选题】At any rate I did not succeed _______ myself understood by you.A.makingB.madeC.to makeD.in making13.【单选题】She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes。
英语专业学生阅读参考书目(教育部的书目)
英语专业学生阅读参考书目一、英国文学1.Kingsley Amis: Lucky Jim2.Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice3.Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre4.Emily Bronte: Wuthering Height5.Lewis Carroll: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland6.Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express7.Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim8.Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe9.Charles Dickens: David Copperfield10.Sir Arthur C. Ddyle: Adventure of Sherlock Holmes11.George Eliot: Middlemarch12.E.M.F Gorster Howards End: A Passage to India13.John Fowles: The French Lieutenant's Woman14.John Galsworthy: The Man of Property15.William Golding: Lord of the Flies16.Graham Greene: The Human Factor17.Thomas Hardy: Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure18.Aldous Huxley: After Many a Summer19.James Joyce: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man20.Charles Lamb Tales from Shakespearedwrence: Sons and Lovers22.Doris Lessing: The Grass Is Singing23.W.Somerset Maugham: The Moon and Sixpence, Of Human Bondage24.Iris Murddoch: The Black Prince25.George Orwell: Nineteen Eighty-four26.Salman Rushdie: Midnight Children27.Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe28.C.P.Snow Thed: Affair29.Muriel Spark: The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie30.Robert Louis Stevenson: Treasure Island31.Johathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels32.William M.Thackeray: Vanity Fair33.Evelyn Waugh: A Handful of Dust34.Oscar Wilde: The Picture of Dorian Gray35.Virginia Woolf: Mrs Dalloway, To the Lighthouse二、美国文学1. Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio2. James Baldwin: Go Tell It on the Mountain3.Saul Bellow: Seize the Day, Henderson the Rain King4.William S. Burroughs: The Naked Lunch5.Willa Cather: My Antonia6.Stephen Crane: The Red Badge of Courage7.Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie, An American Tragedy8.Ralph Ellison: Invisible Man9.William Faulkner: Go Down, Moses, The Sound and the Fury10.F.Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby11.Alex Haley: Roots12.Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter13.Joseph Heller: Catch-2214.Ernest Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises, The Old Man and the Sea15.James Jones: From Here to Eternity16.Maxine Hong Kingston: The Woman Warrior17.Harper lee: To Kill a Mockingbird18.Sinchlair Lewis: Main Street19.Jack London: The Call of the Wild, Martin Eden20.Norman Mailer: The Naked and the Dead21.Carson McCullers: The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter22.Margaret Mitchell: Gone with the Wind23.Toni Morrison: The Bluest Eye24.Vladimir Nabokov: Lolita25.J. D. Salinger: The Catcher in the Rye26.Erich Segal: Man, Woman and Child27.Upton Sinclair: The Jungle28.John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath29.Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom's Cabin30.William Styron: Sophie's Choice31.Mark Twain: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn32.Alice Walker: The Color Purple33.Robert Penn Warren: All the King's Men34.Edith Wharton: The Age of Innocence35.Herman Wouk: The Winds of War36.Richard Wright: Native Son三、加拿大文学1.Morley Callaghan: That Summer in Paris2.Northrop Frye: The Great Code3.Margaret Laurence: The Stone Angel4.Stephen Leacock: Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town5.Malcolm Lowry: Under the Volcano6.Hugh MacLennan: The Watch That Ends the Night7.L. M. Montgomery: Anne of Green Gables四、澳大利亚文学es Franklin: My Brilliant Career2.Thomas Keneally: Shindler's Ark3.Alex Miller: The Ancestor Game4.Henry Handel Richardson: The Fortunes of Richard Mahony5.Christina Stead: The Man Who Loved Children6.Randolph Stow: To the Islands7.Patrick White Voss: The Tree of Man五、中国文化1.Yung Ming: My Life in China and America2.Tcheng Ki Tong: The Chinese Painted by Themselves3.Ku Hung Ming: The Spirit of the Chinese People4.Fei Hsiao Tung: Peasant Life in China5.Lin Yu Tang: My Country and My People6. A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Classical Poetry7. A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Classical Prose8. A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Classical Fiction9. A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Modern Poetry10.A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Modern Prose11.A Retrospective of Chinese Literature: Modern Fiction。
专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.44% required hospitalization. Based on that data, published in PLoS Medicine, Lipsitch anticipates far fewer deaths from 2009 H1N1than was initially believed. By the end of the flu season in the spring of 2010, Lipsitch predicts, anywhere from 6,000 to 45,000 people will have died from H1N1 in the U.S., with the number most likely to end up between 10,000 and 15,000. Those estimates are far below the death toll of the 1957 flu, which killed 69,800 people in the U.S., according to government figures, and smaller also than the early predictions for the2009 H1N1 flu deaths, which ranged from 30,000 to 90,000. It is not clear, however, that past pandemics are an appropriate gauge for evaluating the current flu or that the new projections are based on complete data. The eventual death toll of 2009 H1N1 may be less grim than the outcomes of previous pandemics, but it should be noted that 90 years ago, and even 40 years ago, health officials lacked the antiviral therapies and nationwide vaccination capabilities that are available today. That may have contributed to pandemics having a more devastating effect on the health of past populations. The new estimates are also less alarming than those provided—also by Lipsitch—to the President’s Council of Advisers on Science and Technology last summer near the start of the pandemic. At the time, researchers had only patchy data on the number of people infected by, and seeking treatment for, the new flu. The initially bleak prediction of the impact of H1N1—with up to 50% of the U.S. population becoming infected in the fall and winter of 2009, resulting in as many as 90,000 deaths—was based on modeling of previous pandemics. Fortunately, the worst case scenario did not come to pass. “The worst case consistent with the data we have now is a lot milder than the worst case consistent with the data we had in the summer or spring,”Lipsitch says. Still, Lipsitch and other health officials acknowledge that the 2009 H1N1 pandemic is not over. What worries health officials most is that as both seasonal and H1N1 flu viruses circulate among the population, the two strains could recombine into a more virulent and aggressive version that could cause more widespread illness and even death. How viruses behave once they nestle into a host is completely unpredictable, but scientists know that in a lab dish, seasonal and H1N1 flu strains mix and match readily. “I’m thinking we may have dodged a bullet here if in fact we don’t get a more severe wave coming on the heels of the current wave,”says Redlener. “But we’ll see what happens.” A second wave could still prove more deadly than the seasonal flu, especially for young children. To date, 189 children have died of influenza in the U.S., the majority of them related to H1N1 infection, and that number is already higher than the total number of pediatric deaths attributed to flu in 2008. Lipsitch says that if current trends hold,H1N1 may end up causing as many influenza deaths, if not more, than the seasonal flu, which kills about 36,000 Americans each year. Instead of hitting the elderly the hardest, though, most of the deaths may be among young children and infants.6．What can be inferred from the passage?A．It is not as severe as experts expected.B．It is likely to have a second wave of H1N1.C．It is not likely to have a second wave of H1N1.D．No one knows for sure whether there will be a second wave of H1N1.正确答案：D解析：此题是推理判断题。
专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. READING COMPREHENSIONPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1) The schoolmaster was leaving the village, and everybody seemed sorry. The miller at Cresscombe lent him the small white tilted cart and horse to carry his goods to the city of his destination, about twenty miles off, such a vehicle proving of quite sufficient size for the departing teacher’s effects. For the schoolhouse had been partly furnished by the managers, and the only cumbersome article possessed by the master, in addition to the packing-case of books, was a cottage piano. (2)The blacksmith, the farm bailiff, and the schoolmaster himself were standing in perplexed attitudes in the parlour before the instrument. The master had remarked that even if he got it into the cart he should not know what to do with it on his arrival at Christminster, the city he was bound for, since he was only going into temporary lodgings just at first. (3) A little boy of eleven, who had been thoughtfully assisting in the packing, joined the group of men, and as they rubbed their chins he spoke up, blushing at the sound of his own voice: “Aunt have got a great fuel-house, and it could be put there, perhaps, till you’ve found a place to settle in, sir.”(4) “A proper good notion,” said the blacksmith. (5) “Sorry I am going, Jude?” asked the master kindly. (6) Tears rose into the boy’s eyes, for he was not among the regular day scholars, who came unromantically close to the schoolmaster’s life, but one who had attended the night school only during the present teacher’s term of office. The regular scholars, if the truth must be told, stood at the present moment afar off, like certain historic disciples, indisposed to any enthusiastic volunteering of aid.(7) The boy awkwardly opened the book he held in his hand, which Mr. Phillotson had bestowed on him as a parting gift, and admitted that he was sorry. (8) “So am I,” said Mr. Phillotson. (9) “Why do you go, sir?” asked the boy. (10) “Ah—that would be a long story. You wouldn’t understand my reasons, Jude. You will, perhaps, when you are older.”(11) “I think I should now, sir.”(12) “Well—don’t speak of this everywhere. YoUKnow what a university is, and a university degree? It is the necessary hallmark of a man who wants to do anything in teaching. My scheme, or dream, is to be a university graduate, and then to be ordained. By going to live at Christminster, or near it, I shall be at headquarters, so to speak, and if my scheme is practicable at all, I consider that being on the spot will afford me a better chance of carrying it out than I should have elsewhere.”(13) The boy Jude assisted in loading some small articles, and at nine o’clock Mr. Phillotson mounted beside his box of books and other IMPEDIMENTA, and bade his friends good-bye.(14) “I shan’t forget you, Jude,” he said, smiling, as the cart moved off. “Be a good boy, remember; and be kind to animals and birds, and read all you can. And if ever you come to Christminster remember you hunt me out for old acquaintance’ sake.”(15) The cart creaked across the green, and disappeared round the corner by the rectory-house. The boy returned to the draw-well at the edge of the greensward, where he had left his buckets when he went to help his patron and teacher in the loading. There was a quiver in his lip now and after opening the well-cover to begin lowering the bucket he paused and leant with his forehead and arms against the framework, his face wearing the fixity of a thoughtful child’s who has felt the pricks of life somewhat before his time. The well into which he was looking was as ancient as the village itself, and from his present position appeared as a long circular perspective ending in a shining disk of quivering water at a distance of a hundred feet down. There was a lining of green moss near the top, and nearer still the hart’s-tongue fern. (16) He said to himself, in the melodramatic tones of a whimsical boy, that the schoolmaster had drawn at that well scores of times on a morning like this, and would never draw there any more. “I’ve seen him look down into it, when he was tired with his drawing, just as I do now, and when he rested a bit before carrying the buckets home! But he was too clever to bide here any longer—a small sleepy place like this!”1．The schoolmaster held a perplexed attitude towards his piano, because it became a ______ under his current condition.A．white elephantB．black sheepC．dark horseD．busy bee正确答案：A解析：原文第一段和第二段提到小学老师要离开的时候，最为笨重的物件就是一架竖式钢琴，而老师表示这件东西即使弄上车，他刚到目的地的时候也没有地方安顿它，所以大家都感到有些一筹莫展。
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➢Teaching Writing Skills Based on a Genre Approach to L2 Primary School Students: An Action Research
2020/3/21
12
Introduction Writing
• 引言
引言又叫前言、绪论、引子、绪言等。 其作用是向读者揭示文章的主题、目的 和总纲，便于读者了解本文所论述课题 的来龙去脉。
18
Keywords Writing
• 关键词 关键词是从论文的题名、摘要和正文中 选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容 有实质意义的词汇。 关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容 特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供 读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键 词，另起一行，排在“摘要”的左下方。
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Title Writing
• 标题应准确、简练 <=15 words 标题中的冠词可以省略 “study on, investigation on”等可以省去 名词短语作前置定语或作状语可省略介 词使用 名词与介词的搭配使标题显得地道凝练 名词+of+A+介词+B
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在资料工作中可作为编制题录、索引和检索 的主要依据。
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Title Writing
• 标题一般采用短语形式 名词短语
Design and Realization of Radio Frequency Identification System 动名词短语
Encouraging Young Learners to Learn English Through Stories 不定式短语 介词短语
Conduct experiment and write paper
Edit and submit paper
Get published
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2
Structure of Academic Paper
• Title
• Abstract
• Keywords
• Contents
• Introduction
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Abstract Writing
• 摘要的写作内容
研究动机/问题陈述
• 阐述研究背景
且/或
• 概括研究内容
且/或
• 说明研究目的
研究方法/研究步骤
• 描述所用的研究方法 且/或
• 概述主要步骤
研究结果/研究发现
• 概括主要的研究结果
研究结论/研究意义
• 阐明研究结论
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13Biblioteka Introduction Writing
• 引言的写作内容 研究背景 相关研究现状/成果 前人研究中存在的问题 提出论文要研究的问题 阐述研究问题的思路和方法 简述论文的结构
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Conclusion Writing
• 结论
结论又称结束语、结语。它是在对研究结果 进行理论分析和讨论的基础上, 通过严密推 理形成的富有创新性和指导性的，且与引言 相互呼应的概括总结。结论不是研究结果的 简单重复，而是对研究结果更深入一步的认 识，将研究结果升华成新的总观点。大多数 科技论文的正文都以结论为结尾，也有的论 文将结论的内容融入讨论中。
• Body
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• Bibliography/References
• Notes (Endnotes, Footnotes)
• Appendix
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• Author
3
Title Writing
• 标题的作用
从总体的角度, 用简明、精当的词语反映论 文的主要内容和作者所要强调的思想,引导读 者去发现并准确地把握论文的 “要领” ；
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➢级联隧道二极管放大器应用的探索 译1: Investigation on the Application of the Cascaded Tunnel-Diode Amplifier
译2：Application of Cascaded TunnelDiode Amplifier
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Conclusion Writing
• 结论的写作内容 总结研究内容 总结研究成果及研究意义 提出未来的研究建议 指出研究的局限
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Abstract Writing
• 摘要
摘要是在题目之后，正文之前的概括性 描述整篇论文内容的一段文字。摘要是 全文中受阅读最广的部分，读者一般会 在阅读完摘要之后判断究竟是否有阅读 全文的必要。因此一篇好的摘要一定要 提炼出整篇文章的精华，并用最简洁最 精炼的语言表述出来，才能吸引读者注 意力。
译：Superiority of Electronic Telescopes to Optical Telescopes
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Title Writing
• 多用专业术语及关键性词汇 • 不要使用缩略语形式和符号 • 可根据实际需要编写副标题
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Title Writing
7
➢一种基于等距线的碰撞检测算法 译1:Algorithm for Detection of Isometric-line-based Collision
译2:Isometric-line-based Collision Detection Algorithm
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➢电子望远镜对光学望远镜的优越性
• 标题的格式 标题中每个词的首字母均大写，某些
虚词小写（≥5个字母的虚词首字母大 写）
首字母大写，其余单词字母均小写 （专有名词除外）
所有字母均大写
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Title Writing
中文主标题与副标题之间用破折号 而英文常用冒号
➢Service telephone call openings: a comparative study on five European languages
Academic Communication English
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Process of Paper Writing and Publishing
Select a topic
Collect and analyze materials
Conceive paper structure and experimental methods