(完整版)中国文化概论句子翻译
中国文化概论重点整理(完整版)
中国文化概论绪论一、学习中国文化概论的目的和意义1、有助于更加准确地认识我们民族自身。
（1）文化是民族的根本和灵魂；（2）文化存，则民族存；文化亡，则民族亡。
（3）她能告诉你：我是谁、从哪里来、到哪里去。
2、有助于增强我们的民族自信心和自尊心。
（1）中国文化不仅是东方文明的奇葩，而且还是世界文明的瑰宝；（2）传统文化教育的缺失，好比心灵的雾霾，会造成我们精神世界的浮躁、迷失、荒芜甚至幽暗。
3、有助于更加准确而深刻地认识我们当前的国情。
（1）文化的核心是价值观；（2）优秀的传统文化，是民族凝聚力的根本，是国家和民族的精神命脉；（3）文化是综合国力的重要表现。
4、有助于开阔我们的文化视野，提高文化素质。
（1）传统文化不是一个点，而是一个面；（2）传统文化是理想，是道德，是价值，是精神，是孝悌忠信礼义廉耻，是已所不欲勿施于人，是己立立人己达达人。
（3）缺乏民族文化滋养的人，是肤浅的，空心的，片面的，没有根基的，难以走远的。
5、有助于以理性态度和务实精神去继承传统，创造中华民族更加美好的未来。
（1）传承不是为了复古，继往是为了开来；（2）对文化的盲目自信和妄自菲薄都会种下苦果。
（3）源远才能流长，根深才会叶茂。
二、文化的涵义1、文化是一个内涵丰富、外延宽广的多维概念。
“文”的本义是指各色交错的纹理。
《周易》：“物相杂，故曰文”。
物体的形状、线条、色彩相互交错就是“纹”。
在此基础上，“文”字又有许多引申出十几种意义。
主要有三：其一，引申为文字、文章。
在此基础上又引申为诗词曲赋。
其二，引申为古代的礼乐制度，在此基础上又引申为法令条文。
其三，引申为精神修养，即文明，在此基础上又引申为文采。
子曰：质胜文则野，文胜质则史。
文质彬彬，然后君子。
“化”主要指事物动态变化的过程。
本意有三：一是变化，二是生化，三是造化。
《庄子·逍遥游》中的“化而为鸟，其名曰鹏”，中的“化”即指变化。
《周易》中“男女构精，万物化生”，雌雄构精，于是生成各种动物及某些植物。
中国文化概论重点资料(全)
中国文化概论重点资料（全）一绪论0.1.1.“文化”名称的来源。
1.“文”:①“文”的本义是“错画”,也就是花纹。
引申为后天形成的品德、修养,与表示“文先天素质的“质”相对。
在政治领域里,引申为“文治教化”。
②《论语雍也》曾说：“胜文则野。
文胜质则史。
文质彬彬,然后君子。
”2.“化”的本义:改易。
①易学著作《周易系辞上》说:“在天成象,在地成形,变化见矣”这里指的是自然的生成演化。
3.文化:①最早合成一《说苑·指武》:“凡武之兴,为不服也;文化不改,然后加诛。
②中国经典的“文化”是指人的后天修养与精神、物质的创造。
③翻译: culture。
0.1.2.广义文化与狭的定义。
1. (1)广义文化:是人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和。
①《大不列颠百科全书》定义:文化等同于“总体的人类社会遗产”。
②《苏联大百科全书》定义“文化是社会和人在历史上一定的发展水平,它表现为人们进行生活和活动的种种类型和形式,以及人们所创造的物质和精神财富。
”(2)狭义文化:狭义的文化又称人文文化,专指人类的精神创造,它注重人的心态部分。
狭义文化的定义不但适用于人类文化学,且适用于民族文化学、国别文化学等较为具体的范围。
2.理解广义文化定义的三个要点：(1)广义文化是与人类及人类的创造活动相联系的,是以人为中心的概念。
(2)广义文化是一个历史概念,它涵盖人类历史的全过程,是一个传承发展的综合概念。
(3)广义文化的外延涵盖物质创造和精神创造的全部。
0.1.3.各种与文化相关概念的正名。
1.文化产品:广义的文化产品指人类创造的一切提供给社会的可见成品,既包括物质产品,也包括精神产品。
例如农具。
狭义的文化产品专指精神产品,纯粹实用的生产工具、生活器具、能源资材等,一般不称为文化产品。
2.文化观念:诸如价值观、人生观、审美观等等3.文化现象:指人类文化发展过程中呈现出的某种外部状态和联系。
文化现象包括文化事象。
中国文化概论英文版Unit3答案
Unit 3 Harmony----The Fundamental Spirit of Chinese Culture Warm-up Activity1)Haibao.2)Better City, Better Life. Created from the Chinese character " 人," which meanspeople, the mascot manifests the concept that a good life should be created by all the people. The world should be supported by "people," and people should have harmonious relationships with nature and society, so that the life in cities would be better.3)The audio tapescript:Haibao: Mascot of Shanghai EXPOLike the mascots for huge worldwide events such as Olympics and World Cup, Haibao, the mascot of World Expo is very important for interpreting the theme and expressing the culture.Created from the Chinese character " 人," which means people, the mascot embodies the character of Chinese culture and echoes with theme of World Expo Shanghai "Better City,Better Life."The structure of Chinese character , in which two strokes support each other, manifests the concept that a good life should be created by all the people, the core to push the city development as well as the most creative part in the urbanization. The world should be supported by "people," and people should have harmonious relationships with nature and society, so that the life in cities would be better.Hair: the hair of the mascot is like the wave of the sea, which represents its open character and stated the character of its birth place Shanghai.Face: its cartoon expression shows its confidence and friendly character.Eye: big, round eyes show his anticipation of the city.Blue: the color shows its latitude and imagination, which represents the rising and potential China.Body: its round body represents a well-off life, which is also lovely and cute.Fist: he thumbs up to show the appreciation and warm welcome to the friends from all over the world.Big feet: he stands steadily on the big feet and embraces the world with big arms, which shows China have the ability and faith to host a successful Expo.Section A. Cultural TreasuresTask. Answer the following quesations based on the passage below. Reference for the discussion questions:1.退避三舍。
中西文化
英汉互译《中国文化概论》英汉互译：P28 Task 5 ；P64 Task 1 ；P65 Task 2课文里的句子：P61 11，13；P62 15，16；P63 19，20问答题红字部分为期末复习范围，其余的可作为各章复习的要点参考Chinese cultureSection 1 Some Traits of Chinese Culture1. What are the influences of China’s natural barriers on Chinese culture? P7第三段。
natural environment is responsible for Chineseculture in the following major aspectsfirstly ,it allows a vast living space for large numbers of tribes to survive, to move and to intermingle in the north and south of China. secondly, it nurtures a continentalculture looking inward , farming culture bent on soil, discouraging the emergence of an adventurous sea-faringpeople. thirdly, the natural barriers within the vast territories block easy communication to help create cultures, subcultures and unintelligent dialects.2. What is the traditional worldview of Chinese people? P13第一段“in terms of ... one’s lot”In terms of their worldview and philosophy of life ,the Chinese developed a rational notion of seeking for harmony and maintaining equilibrium as well as an optimistic sentiment to be content with one's lot.3. What are the national traits of Chinese people?P13第三段“the ultimate...a settle life.”The ultimate motive in seeking for harmony and maintaining equilibrium is to maintain stability-one of Chinese people's major traits.with little aggressiveness they are inclined to be satisfied with a simple and placid life. they seldom lose control of themselves, neither over-delighted,nor over-sorrowful,but imbued with persistence.they have a serene and sober dignity,and an optimistic attitude to grievances and disasters.they are skillful in dissolving injustice and calamity with tolerance and humor4. What is the nature of ancient Chinese society?P14第二段第一句以及划线部分。
《中国文化概论》知识点梳理
中国文化概论绪论一、填空题1、人类文化发展过程中呈现的某种外部状态和联系，通常称为（文化现象）2、与英文Culture对译的汉语是(文化)3．“凡武之兴，为不服也；文化不改，然后加诛”出自(《说苑?指武》)4. 人类文化发展过程中呈现出的某种外部状态和联系是（文化现象）5、中国文化属于（国别文化、多民族构成的共同体文化、东方文化）6、广义文化：是人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造、并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和。
7、当一种现象以同样的形式反复出现时，其中就含有规律性，成为某一时期、某一国家文化发展中带有典型和标志作用的事情，这些现象称为(文化事象)8、中国文化又称(中华文化、华夏文化、炎黄文化))9、文化传统除了延续性的特点外，还具有（稳定性）10、中国文化属于（国别文化、多民族构成的共同体文化、东方文化）11、贯穿于民族和国家各个历史阶段的各类文化的核心精神被称为（文化传统）12．学界把一些不属于狭义文化的事物中所具有的人文特性称为(文化内涵)二、名词解释1、文化思潮：某种文化观念及与之相关的文化事象，在某一特定时期，在一定背景下，对社会产生广泛影响，为多数人所赞同和奉行，其形成的潮流是文化思潮。
2、狭义文化：狭义文化又称人文文化，是某一社会集团（民族或阶级）在长期历史的发展中经传承累积而自然凝聚的共有的人文精神及其物质体现总体系。
3、文化内涵：不属于侠义文化的事物中所具有的人文特征，成为事物的文化内涵。
4、文化政策：指定一定的时代，一定的社会条件下，行政机构对文化领域的问题所颁布的相关规定和对策原则。
5、中国传统文化：以中国文化为源头、中国境内各民族共同创造的、长期历史发展所积淀的文化。
6、.狭义文化：是某一社会集体（民族或阶层）在长期历史发展中经传承累计而自然凝聚的共有的人文精神及其物质体现总体体系。
7、广义文化：广义文化是人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和。
8、文化事象：当一种现象以同样的形式反复出现时，其中就含有规律性，成为某一历史时期，某一国家(民族或地域)文化发展中带有典型和标志作用的事情，这些现象成为文化事象。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture《中国文化概论》讲义-chapters 1-8
Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。
(完整word版)中国文化概论
一、文化总论1．为什么文化是“自然的人化”？人类从茹毛饮血茫然于人道的直立之兽演化而来，逐渐形成与天道联系而有区别的人道，就是文化创造的过程。
这个过程中,主体是人,客体是自然，文化便是人与自然、主体与客体在实践中的对立统一物.这里的自然，不只是自然界，还是人的自然属性。
文化是改造自然社会的活动，也改造着改造者自身，即实践者的人。
人创造了文化,同样文化也创造了人。
文化的实质性含义是人化或人类化，是人类主体通过社会实践活动,适应、利用、改造自然界课题的逐步实现自身价值观念的过程。
这一过程的成果体现，既反映在自然面貌、形态、功能的不断改观，更反映在人类个体与群体素质的不断提高和完善。
总而言之，凡是长约本能的，人类有意识地作用与自然界和社会的一切活动及结果，都属于文化，即“自然的人化”就是文化。
2．文化结构的四层次说包括哪些内容?物质：由人类加工自然创制的各种器物，即“物质的知识力量”构成的物态文化层。
制度：由人类在社会实践中建立的各种社会规范、社会组织构成的制度文化层。
风俗习惯：由人类在社会实践，尤其是在人际交往中约定俗成的习惯性定势构成的行为文化层。
思想与价值:由人类社会实践和意识活动中长期氤氲化育出来的价值观念、审美情趣、思维方式等构成的心态文化层。
这是文化的核心部分.具体而论，心态文化又可以再区分为社会心理和社会意识形态两个子层次。
依据与社会存在关系的疏密程度，我们又可以将社会意识形态区别为基层意识形态和高层意识形态.二、中国文化（一）文化背景1．中国传统社会的农耕经济有哪些特点?（1）持续性。
循环式的复苏和进步周而复始，使农业自然经济长期延续(2）多元成分结构。
从纵的方面讲，它始终保留着各个历史发展阶段的经济成份；从横的方面讲，它是与自给自足的自然经济联系在一起的。
中国的农耕经济并不仅仅是农业生产,它还包含着手工业、商业等多方面的经济成份。
到了封建社会晚期，商品性农业和为市场而生产的手工产品更在农家经济中占据重要地位。
（完整版）中国文化概论句子翻译
（完整版）中国文化概论句子翻译Unit 11.天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of four seasons and the growth of all living things.2.生生之谓易。
Continuous creation of life is change.3.天地之大德曰生The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating.4.获罪于天，无所祷也。
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5.仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.6.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7.父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9.己所不欲，勿施于人。
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Unit 1
1.天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？
Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of four seasons and the growth of all living things.
2.生生之谓易。
Continuous creation of life is change.
3.天地之大德曰生
The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating.
4.获罪于天，无所祷也。
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.
5.仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.
6.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.
7.父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.
8.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.
9.己所不欲，勿施于人。
Do not do towards others anything you would not want to be done to you.
10.子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。
A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.
11.礼之用，和为贵。
The role of li is to maintain harmony among people.
12.知之者不如好知者，好知者不如乐知者。
Simply knowing the highest standard of virtue(i.e.,love of people) is not as good as setting it as one’s goal. Setting is as one’s goal is not as good as enjoying practicing of it.
Unit 2
1.顺应自然Follow the way of nature.
2.无为而无不为Act through non-action.
3.大巧若拙Great ingenuity appears to be stupidity.
4.以柔弱胜刚强Overcome the strong by being weak.
5.兼爱Love for all.
6.上善若水The greatest virtue is like water.
7.人往高处走，水往低处流。
Humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.
8.无欲则刚
One is invincible because he desires nothing and contends for nothing.
9.返璞归真Return to the state of a newborn baby.
Unit 3
1.先计而后战
Planning before going to war.
2.百战不殆
One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy.
3.兵以诈立
The army survives by treachery.
4.利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。
Tempt the enemy with gains, attack the enemy when they are in disorder, be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength, avoid the enemy when they are stronger, (further) aggravate the enemy when they are angry, cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are prudent, tire the enemy when they are at rest, sow discord among the enemy when they are united.
5.攻其不备，出其不意。
Attack the enemy at an unexpected time and place.
6.不战而屈人之兵。
Winning a war without fighting it.
7.乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。
Chaos compares with order, cowardice with bravery, and weakness with strength.
8.兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。
The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.
Unit 5
1.天以阳生万物，以阴成万物。
Heaven creates life through yang and nurtures life through yin.
2.生之性便是仁
The nature of life is love.
3.亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物。
(One should) love one’s family, love the people, and love all things in the world.
4.民吾同胞，物吾与也。
All people in the world are my brothers and all beings in the world are my campanions.
5.仁者以天地万物为一体。
Those with love regard themselves as the same as other licing things in the world.
6.我图娱悦，彼在囚牢，何情何理，而必屈物之性以适吾性乎。
It is unreasonable to keep them in a cage just to please myself, to oppress their nature to suit my nature.
7.万物之生意最可观。
Life and its state of being is most worthy of appreciation.。