年哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法
中亚五国的民族状况与民族政策

(四)积极提倡民族和睦和共同发展
中亚地区民族构成的主体结构是由俄罗斯人与所在国 的原住民族组成,因而各国民族政策的核心内容便是如 何解决所在国的俄罗斯人问题。哈萨克斯坦的国家管 理机构从建立之日起就将发展民族间相互合作与交流 确定为自身的工作方向。纳扎尔巴耶夫认为有必要建 立一种促使民族间相互理解与联合的非官方机构以作 为民族问题的领导组织。这样的组织应吸收所有民族 团体的代表、社会知名人士、专区级以上的行政专员 为其成员,并与各种社会组织、民族文化中心协同工作, 为防止任何地区可能发生的民族对立和社会对立而努 力。
《塔吉克斯坦宪法》第8条规定:“宗教组织与国家分离, 不得干预国家事务。禁止以挑起种族、民族、社会和 宗教冲突为目的,或者煽动暴力推翻宪法制度和组织武 装集团的社会团体建立及活动”。中亚除党, 而且由于伊斯兰复兴党在塔吉克斯坦已造成了旷日持 久的内战,因而更加强化了其它国家抑制宗教势力干预 政治的决心。
2.在对待民族意识上 一方面,强调用国家意识代替民族意识,淡化民族 观念、民族自我意识。如哈萨克斯坦提出用“哈萨克 斯坦人”这个概念,强调各民族具有共同的利益,各 民族自身的利益都应服从这一利益。 但另一方面,又提出“国家权力归单一民族”。如 哈萨克斯坦的宪法规定“国家权力归独立自决的哈萨 克族所有”;土库曼斯坦宪法规定“保护土库曼族的 民族价值和利益并加强其主权是国家基本法的宗旨”; 其他各国也有类似规定。 这实际上造成了主体民族意识与国家民族意识相等, 主体民族利益与国家民族利益相等的事实,从而在客 观上制造了主体民族与非主体民族之间的隔阂,阻碍 着统一民族意识的形成。
(二)坚持国家同宗教分离、保证信仰自由 在国家同宗教分离和保障公民信仰自由方面,中亚各国 的宪法都相应作出了明确的规定。《哈萨克斯坦宪法》 第5条规定:“禁止建立旨在暴力改变宪法制度、破坏共 和国的完整、危害国家安全以及挑起社会、种族、民 族、宗教、阶层和民族仇视的社会组织及其活动,也禁 止成立未经法律规定的军事武装”(第3款)。“外国宗 教组织在共和国境内的活动以及外国宗教中心对共和 国内宗教组织领导人的任命,需经共和国有关国家机关 同意”(第5款)。《吉尔吉斯斯坦宪法》第8条第3、第4 款规定:“宗教和一切宗教活动同国家相分离。在吉尔吉 斯共和国不允许:……以宗教为基础建立政党,宗教组织 追求政治目的和任务;宗教组织工作人员和宗教人士干 预国家机关的活动”。
哈萨克斯坦宪法全文

哈萨克斯坦宪法全文哈萨克斯坦共和国是民曱主的、世俗的、法制的和社会的国家,其最高价值为人、人的生命、人的权利和自曱由。
以下是店铺为你整理的哈萨克斯坦宪法全文,希望大家喜欢!哈萨克斯坦宪法全文1995年哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法(一九九五年八月三十日经全民公决通过)第一章总则第一条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国是民曱主的、世俗的、法制的和社会的国家,其最高价值为人、人的生命、人的权利和自曱由。
2.共和国的基本原则是:社会和睦和政治稳定、发展经济造福全民、哈萨克斯坦爱国主义、通过民曱主方式包括通过共和国全民公决或者通过议会表决解决国家生活中的最重大的问题。
第二条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国是单一制国家,实行总统制。
2.共和国在其全部领土上享有主曱权。
国家保障自己领土的完整、不可侵犯和不可分割。
3.共和国的行政区划、首都的设置及其地位由法律规定。
4.哈萨克斯坦共和国和哈萨克斯坦两种名称含义相同。
第三曱条1.人民是国家权力的唯一源泉。
2.人民直接通过共和国全民公决和自曱由选举行使权力,同时也可以通过授权国家机关行使自己的权力。
3.任何人不得摄取哈萨克斯坦共和国的权力。
攫取权力行为将受到法律追究。
总统以及在宪法权限内的共和国议会有权代表人民和国家。
4.共和国的国家权力是统一的,并在宪法和法律的基础上,根据宪法规定的立法、行政和司法三权分立、相互制衡的原则实施。
第四条1.宪法、与之相关的法律、其他规范法令、国际条约和共和国其它义务以及共和国宪法委员会和最高法院的规范决定为哈萨克斯坦的现行法律。
2.宪法具有最高的法律效力,在共和国全境必须执行。
3.共和国批准的国际条约优先于共和国的法律并直接生效,但为实施国际条约需另行颁布法律的情况除外。
4.一切法律和共和国参加的国际条约都应公布.正式公布涉及公民曱权利、自曱由和义务的规范法令是贯彻的必要条件。
第五条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国承任意识形态和政治的多元化。
但不允许将社会制度和国家制度混同,国家机关中不得建立政党组织。
各国国家宪法日活动

各国国家宪法日活动美国:学校推爱国午餐每年的9月17日,这是美国宪法正式签署的纪念日,也是美国的宪法纪念日。
当天,一般会举办新公民的naturalization ceremony(入籍仪式)。
在重要的周年纪念日,美国总统还会发表讲话。
同时,美国联邦机构还会为雇员提供有关宪法的教育和训练材料,一些接受联邦拨款的教育机构也必须举行有关美国宪法的教育项目。
比如学校组织学生做讲座、阅读宪法、进行宪法知识小测试,还有的学校分发宪法小册子,在学校餐厅提供由红、白、蓝三色装点的patriotic lunch(爱国午餐)。
俄罗斯:选美活动每年的12月12日是俄罗斯的宪法日。
2005年起,宪法日同时成为休息日。
宪法日对于俄罗斯人民有着非比寻常的意义。
俄罗斯一般会组织多种多样的庆祝活动,从presidential speeches(总统演讲)到mass pageant (群众游行),甚至是beauty pageant(选美活动)都可能进行。
比如2008年,为纪念俄罗斯联邦宪法通过15周年,俄罗斯举行Miss Constitution ——“宪法小姐”选举活动。
俄罗斯“2008宪法小姐”总决赛于当年12月12日在莫斯科红场举行,选出了该国第一届“宪法小姐”。
而在2013年时,总统普京还选择宪法日这一天在联邦委员会发表annual state-of-the-nation speech(年度国情咨文)。
哈萨克斯坦:艺术家登台献艺1995年8月30日,哈萨克斯坦举行全民公决通过了现行的宪法。
哈政府决定将每年8月30日作为国家“宪法日”。
当天,哈萨克斯坦会举行各种活动庆祝“宪法日”。
今年8月30日,在阿斯塔纳,庆祝活动从早上10点正式开始,一直持续到晚上11点,该国著名表演艺术家和团体纷纷登台献艺。
阿拉木图则举行了road cycling(自行车公路赛)、Kazakh traditional wrestling(哈萨克式摔跤)、广场晚会等活动。
哈萨克斯坦推动宪法改革

哈萨克斯坦推动宪法改革 文/孙祁2022年6月6日,哈萨克斯坦中央选举委员会主席努尔兰·阿布迪罗夫在一次简报会上透露,哈萨克斯坦宪法修正案在全民公决投票中以77.18%的支持率通过。
他认为,改革有助于保持“权力机构平衡”,将落实“强大的总统、强大的议会、负责任的政府”的国家建设之“关键公式”。
据悉,此次哈萨克斯坦宪法修正案涉及对现行宪法的35处修订和补充,将涵盖限制总统权力、扩大议会作用、议会下院改为混合选举制度、降低政党注册门槛、成立四个新的州级行政单位等方面内容。
哈萨克斯坦将从超级总统制向总统制共和国转型今年6月3日,哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫就修宪公投发表电视讲话,他号召公民积极参与投票。
据称,这是哈萨克斯坦历史上首次通过全民公投来决定宪法修正案(以下简称“修正案”),是对哈社会公民成熟度和政治意识的一次评估,是在该国建立发达民主社会的重要一步。
公投将明确国家和社会未来方向,并据此奠定第二共和国(国家模式的革新)。
托卡耶夫表示,今年3月发表的国情咨文提出了全面政治改革的方案,其主要目的是推进哈萨克斯坦国家民主化,扩大人民参与国家管理事务的可能性,并提升政府效率;哈萨克斯坦也将借此顺利转型为拥有强有力议会的总统制共和国。
修正案中有关总统权力变化的内容是哈萨克斯坦各界最为关注的问题。
托卡耶夫在电视讲话中强调,此次修宪不是为了加强总统特权和权力,而是为了促进权力机构之间的相互制衡,保护所有公民的利益、权利和自由。
全体人民对宪法修正案所做出的自由抉择,将成为奠定全新的、公正的哈萨克斯坦的基石。
5月12日,哈萨克斯坦司法部副部长穆卡诺娃曾表示,修正案共包含12个部分的内容,其中多项内容涉及对总统职权的限制,包括禁止总统近亲担任高级政治职务和准公共部门负责人、总统在行使权力期间不能是任何政治党派的成员等。
她表示,修正案旨在减少总统权力,彻底改变原有的超级总统制度。
哈萨克斯坦参议院议长阿什姆巴耶夫此前(5月5日)也曾表示,改革的实质是加强民主、扩大公民参与国家事务决策的机会,并借助宪法的改革摒弃超级总统制度。
中华人民共和国政府和哈萨克斯坦共和国政府关于中哈国界管理制度的协定

中华人民共和国政府和哈萨克斯坦共和国政府关于中哈国界管理制度的协定文章属性•【缔约国】哈萨克斯坦•【条约领域】外交•【公布日期】2006.12.20•【条约类别】协定•【签订地点】北京正文中华人民共和国政府和哈萨克斯坦共和国政府关于中哈国界管理制度的协定(中文本)中华人民共和国政府和哈萨克斯坦共和国政府(以下称双方),遵循领土和国界不可侵犯的国际法原则,在相互尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利和和平共处原则基础上,决心并共同致力于将两国国界建设成为永久和平、世代友好的边界。
为维护两国国界的稳定和边境地区的安宁,本着互相尊重、互信、平等、友好、合作的精神处理边界事务,双方议定如下:第一章定义第一条为本协定的目的,使用以下定义:(一)“国界”、“边界”、“国界线”具有相同含义,是指分隔中华人民共和国和哈萨克斯坦共和国之间领陆和领水的界限,及沿该线划分上空和底土的垂直面。
(二)“划界文件”,是指划定中华人民共和国和哈萨克斯坦共和国间边界的法律文件,包括两国间的国界协定,以及中华人民共和国、哈萨克斯坦共和国与第三国国界交界点的协定。
(三)“勘界文件”,是指国界勘定后形成的国界线勘界议定书、边界地图、界标登记表、界桩坐标和高程一览表、界标位置略图、岛屿归属一览表等文件。
(四)“联检文件”,是指边界联合检查后形成的、作为勘界文件补充文件的国界线联合检查议定书、边界地图、界标登记表、界桩坐标和高程一览表、界标位置略图、岛屿归属一览表等文件。
(五)“界标”,是指竖立在国界线上或国界线两侧,在实地标示国界线走向,且其地理坐标已实地测定并记载于勘界文件或联检文件中的标志,可分为基本界标、辅助界标等。
(六)“边界通视道”,是指在实地国界线两侧一定宽度范围内通过清除树木、灌木及其他植被开辟的通道,目的是使国界线和相邻界标间保持通视。
(七)“边境地区”,是指毗邻国界的中华人民共和国的县(市)和哈萨克斯坦共和国的区。
哈萨克斯坦共和国外国人出入境和外国人在哈萨克斯坦共和国居留条例

法律调整外国人在哈萨克斯坦共和国居留的一些问题哈萨克斯坦共和国政府决议,2000年1月28日,第136号哈萨克斯坦共和国外国人出入境和外国人在哈萨克斯坦共和国居留条例1. 总则1. 本条例根据《哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法》、《哈萨克斯坦共和国居民迁移法》、1995年6月19日的哈萨克斯坦共和国总统令即《外国人在哈萨克斯坦共和国法律地位法》制定,规定了下列秩序:1) 哈萨克斯坦共和国外国人出入境2) 外国人在哈萨克斯坦共和国临时逗留和长期居留的手续办理3) 外国人在哈萨克斯坦共和国领域内的迁移和过境4) 外国人在哈萨克斯坦共和国居留期限的延长和缩短及被驱逐出境。
2. 本条例也适用于无国籍人士,如果哈萨克斯坦共和国的法令未作其他规定。
3. 因私邀请外国人来哈萨克斯坦共和国的接待组织和个人应保证及时向外国人说明哈萨克斯坦共和国法律和本条例规定的权利和义务,执行现行的、与外国人相关的法律法规及承担法律规定的、及时为外国人办理在哈萨克斯坦共和国居留、迁移的证件和在其规定的居留期限届满之前办理出境证件的责任。
由内务部门协同国家安全部门负责监督外国人、无国籍人士以及哈萨克斯坦共和国官员和公民遵守本条例的要求。
2. 哈萨克斯坦共和国外国人出入境4. 如果哈萨克斯坦共和国批准的国际条约没有制定其他程序,外国人应持有护照或替代证件(以下称护照),出示哈萨克斯坦共和国签证,经由对国际和旅行线路开放的、位于国境上的关口进入和离开哈萨克斯坦共和国。
外国人护照有效期应超过签证有效期至少6个月。
5. 哈萨克斯坦共和国外国人入境签证和入出境签证由哈萨克斯坦共和国外交部,哈萨克斯坦共和国外交部的国外机关、领事机关和哈萨克斯坦共和国的专门授权代表机构签发。
6. 在哈萨克斯坦共和国境内的外国人出境签证和出入境签证由哈萨克斯坦共和国内务部及其授权的地方内务机关签发。
护照在哈萨克斯坦共和国外交部及其代表机关登记注册的外国人出境和出入境签证,由这些机关签发。
2021哈萨克斯坦1995年宪法产生的背景、特征及作用范文2

2021哈萨克斯坦1995年宪法产生的背景、特征及作用范文 宪法是一个国家的根本大法,是国家政权统治阶级的意志和根本利益的体现,是维护和巩固统治阶级专政的重要工具,集中反映出该国最为基本的政治制度和法律制度,了解一个国家的宪法制度,基本可以把握这个国家的基本发展方向。
本文试就哈萨克斯坦 1995 年宪法产生的历史背景、特征及作用进行较为系统的梳理、分析与评价。
一、哈萨克斯坦法律体系概述 哈萨克斯坦法律体系属罗马-日耳曼法系(大陆法系),与意大利、法国、德国、奥地利等国家法系一脉相承。
它有别于以司法判例作为法律基本史料的英吉利法系(英美法系)。
罗马-日耳曼法系属成文法等级构建统一体系。
在罗马-日耳曼法系的史料里具有法律效力的成文宪法(基本法)占据首要位置。
1998年 3 月 24 日颁布的哈萨克斯坦《规范法律条文法》[1](P7)中规定,哈萨克斯坦共和国的宪法具有最高法律效力。
在宪法的框架之下,其他的规范法律条文按照以下等级排列:(1)修改和补充宪法的法律;(2)哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法法律和具有宪法法律效力的总统令;(3)哈萨克斯坦共和国法典;(4)哈萨克斯坦共和国法律和具有法律效力的总统令;(5)哈萨克斯坦共和国议会和其两院的规范决议;(6)哈萨克斯坦共和国总统的规范法令;(7)哈萨克斯坦共和国政府的规范法令;(8)哈萨克斯坦共和国部长和中央国家机关其他领导的规范法令,哈萨克斯坦共和国中央国家机关和中央选举委员会的规范法律决议;(9)中央国家机关各部门领导的规范法令;(10)下议院(地方代表机关)的规范法律决定,地方政府(地方执行机关)的规范法律决议,地方政府领导的规范法律决定。
如果在不同级的标准法律条文中出现矛盾之处,以上一级的条文规范为准;如果在同一级的规范法律条文里出现相抵触条款,则以最新发布的条文为准。
哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法委员会和最高法院的规范法令不在以上等级范围之内。
哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法委员会的规范法令必须以哈萨克斯坦共和国的宪法为依据,而且任何规范法律条文都不能违背宪法。
哈萨克斯坦民法典总则

Источник: ИС ПАРАГРАФ, 25.06.2009 11:30:08 THE CIVIL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTANTHE GENERAL PARTTHE 27th DECEMBER 1994Almaty 1994(the document has been amended by the 2.03.01)as amended by:1) Edict No. 2447 Having the Force of A Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts. August 31, 1995 (Article 3);2) Edict No. 2489 Having the Force of A Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Edict Having the Force of Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the State Registration of Legal Entities". October 5, 1995 (Articles: 106, 107, 109);3) Edict No. 2835 Having the Force of A Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of An Addendum to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (GENERAL PART). January 27, 1996;4) Law No. 30 - I of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. July 15, 1996 (Articles: 38, 41, 42, 43, 50, 59, 62, 77, 93);5) Law No. 50-I of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. December 7, 1996 (Article 86);(6) Law No. 68 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Recognition as Invalid of the Edict of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Having the Force of a Law "Concerning Bankruptcy" and Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. January 21, 1997. (Articles: 49, 51, 52, 53, and 54);(7) Law No. 80 of 5th March 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of An Addition and Amendments to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part). (Articles: 129, and 135).(8) Law of No. 132 19th June 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Article 41).(9) Law of No. 134 19th June 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Effective from the 1st of July 1997. (Articles 45, 49, 85, 182);(10) Law No. 144 of 2nd July 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Articles 19, 21);(11) Law No. 154 of 11th July 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Banking Activity. (Articles: 2, 10, 34, 41, 42, 44, 50, 55, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 106, 107, 130, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 144, 187, 199, 200, 207, 282, 291, 301, 302, 303, SYMBOL 167 \f "Times New Roman CE" 4 of Chapter 18 (Articles 329-336), Articles: 341, 353, 366, 387);(12) Law No. 211 of 2nd March 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part), and to the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the Implementation of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part)". (Articles 3, 21, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 48, 49, 50, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 110, 117, 118, 119, 125, 132, 141,152, 155, 156, 159, 162, 182, 188, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 200, 202, 207, 209, 221, 223, 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 240, 243, 251, 253, 261, 269, 281, 287, 291, 293, 299, 301, 311, 325, 328, 339, 344, 348, 350, 354, 357, 358, 364, 368, 370, 372, 390, 401, 403, 404,);(13) Law No. 221 of 22nd April 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Article 41, 60, 77, 79, 81, 84);Amendments to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part). (Article 52, 53, and 55);(15) Law No. 282 of 10th July 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Joint-Stock Companies. (Article 34, 41, 42, 50, 58, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 130, 136, 139);(16) Law No. 283 of 10th July 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (Article 10);(17) Law No. 320 of 16th December 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of the State-Owned Legal Entities (Articles 34, 35, 44, 50, 104, 105 replaced, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207 replaced) effective from the 1st of January 1999;(18) Law No. 436 of 16th July 1999 of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (Article: 62, 77, 107, 282). Published on the 3rd August 1999;(19) Law No. 440 of 16th July 1999 of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Taxation. (Article 38). Effective from the date of publication;(20) Law No. 472 of 4th November 1999 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Functioning of Public Enterprises. (Articles 44 and 192). Effective from 1st January 2000;(21) Law No. 96 of 8th November 2000 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Appraisal of Property. (Article 319);(22) Law No. 128 of 18th December 2000 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Insurance and Insurance Activities. (Article 45, 49, 86, 306). Effective from 23rd December 2000;(23) Law No. 141 of 15th January 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Grain Procurement Enterprises. (Article 3) Effective from 23rd January 2001; and(24) Law No. 162 of 2nd March 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions To Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of the Banking Activity. (Article 192, 206, 328, 331). Effective from 12th March 2001.SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONSChapter 1. Regulation of Civil Rights RelationsArticle 1. Relations Regulated by Civil Legislation1. Civil legislation shall regulate commodity-money relations and other property relations based on the equality of the participants, and also personal non-property relations which are associated with property relations. Citizens, legal entities, state, and also administrative and territorial units shall be participants of the relations regulated by civil legislation.2. Personal non-property relations not associated with property relations, shall be regulated by civil legislation, unless it is otherwise provided for by legislative acts or ensues from the essence of a personal property relation.3. Civil legislation shall apply to family relations, labour relations and relations associated with the use of natural resources and the protection of the environment, which meet the requirements of paragraph 1 of this Article, in the cases where those relations are not regulated respectively by legislation concerning family, labour, use of the natural resources and protection of the environment.4. Civil legislation shall not apply to property relations which are based on the administrative or any other power subordination of one party by the other, including tax and other budget relations, except for the cases provided for by legislative acts.Article 2. The Fundamental Principles of Civil Legislationof Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Banking Activity.1. Civil legislation is based on the recognition of the equality of the participants of the relations regulated thereby, inviolability of property, freedom of agreement, prohibition of arbitrary interference in somebody's private affairs, indispensability of the free exercise of civil rights, and provision for the restitution of violated rights and their defence in the court.2. Citizens and legal entities shall acquire and exercise their civil rights by their will and in their interests. They shall be free in establishing their rights and obligations on the basis of agreements and in specifying any conditions in their agreements, which do not contradict legislation.3. Goods, services and monetary resources funds shall be unrestrictedly transferred and circulated in the entire territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Restrictions in the circulation of goods and services shall be introduced in accordance with legislative acts, where it is necessary for ensuring safety, protection of life and health of people, protection of the natural environment and valuable cultural assets.Article 3. Civil Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstanas amended by (1) Edict No. 2447 Having the Force of Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts. August 31, 1995;(12) Law of No. 211 of 2nd March 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part), and to the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concerning the Implementation of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (General Part)"; and(23) Law No. 141 of 15th January 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Grain Procurement Enterprises.1. The civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall consist of the present Code, laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted in accordance with it, other laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, edicts of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan having the force of laws, decrees of the Parliament, and decrees of the Senate and Majilis (legislative acts), as well as edicts of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, decrees of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan which regulate relations indicated in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 1 of the present Code.2. In case of a contradiction between the provisions of civil law which are contained in the acts of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, except for those indicated in paragraph 3 of Article 1 of the present Code, and the provisions of the present Code, then the provisions of this Code shall apply. Provisions of civil law containing in legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan which are contradictory to the provisions of the present Code, may apply only after the introduction into the Code of the appropriate amendments.3. The relations associated with the formation, reorganisation, bankruptcy and liquidation of banks and grain procurement enterprises, supervision of banking activities and their auditing, supervision of activities of grain procurement enterprises, licensing of certain types of banking transactions performance of transactions in warehouse warrants of grain procurement enterprises, shall be regulated by this Code inasmuch as this does not contradict the legislative acts that regulate the banking business and activities of grain procurement enterprises.Relations between banks and their clients, as well as relations between clients through banks, shall be regulated by civil legislation in accordance with the procedure established in paragraph 2 of this Article.4. Civil relations may be regulated by tradition, including the tradition of business operation, unless those contradict the civil legislation which is effective in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.5. Ministries and other central executive bodies, local representative and executive bodies, may issue acts which regulate civil relations, in the cases and within the limits provided for by the present Code, and by other acts of civil legislation.6. The rights of the citizens and legal entities which are established by the present Code and any other legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan may not be restricted by the acts of the bodies of thestate administration and local representative and executive bodies. Such acts shall be invalid from the moment of their adoption and must not be applicable.7. Foreign individuals and legal entities and also stateless persons shall have the right to acquire the same rights and they shall be obliged to fulfil the same obligations which are provided for by civil legislation for the citizens and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, unless legislative acts stipulate otherwise.8. When an international treaty, to which the Republic of Kazakhstan is a signatory, establishes different rules than those contained in the civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the rules of the indicated treaty shall apply. The international treaties to which the Republic of Kazakhstan is a signatory, shall apply to civil relations directly, except for the cases where it ensues from a treaty that its application requires the issuing of a domestic act of the Republic.Article 4. The Effect of Civil Legislation in Time1. Civil legislation acts shall not have retroactive force and they shall apply to relations which arise after their entering into force. The legal force of a civil legislation act shall apply to relations which arose prior to its enactment in the cases where it is directly provided for by it.2. With regard to relations which arose prior to the entering into force of a civil legislation act, it shall apply to the rights and obligations which arise after its entering into force. Relations of parties to an agreement concluded prior to the enactment of civil legislation act shall be regulated in accordance with Article 383 of this Code.Article 5. Application of Civil Legislation by Analogy1. In the cases where the relations provided for by paragraph 1 and 2 of Article 1 of this Code are not regulated directly by legislation or an agreement of the parties and tradition applicable to such relations does not exist, those provisions of civil legislation shall apply, which regulate similar relations (analogy of a law), unless this contradicts their essence.2. When it is impossible in the indicated cases to use the analogies of law, the rights and obligations of the parties shall be defined on the basis of the general fundamentals and the spirit of civil legislation as well as the requirements of good faith, reasonableness and fairness (analogy of law).Article 6. Interpretation of Civil Legislation Provisions1. Provisions of civil legislation must be interpreted literally. Where the possibility exists of different understanding of the words used in the text of legislative provisions, preference shall be given to that understanding which is consistent with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the fundamental principles of civil legislation which are outlined in this Chapter, and first of all in Article2.2. When establishing the precise meaning of a provision in civil legislation, it shall be required to consider the historic conditions under which it was introduced and its interpretation in judicial practice, unless it violates the requirements specified in paragraph 1 of this Article.Article 7. The Foundations for the Emergence ofCivil Rights and ObligationsCivil rights and obligations shall arise on the fundamentals which are specified in legislation and also from actions of citizens and legal entities which, although not specified in it, but by virtue of the general fundamentals and the spirit of civil legislation, give rise to civil rights and obligations.In accordance with this, civil rights and obligations shall arise as follows:1) out of agreements and any other transactions provided for by legislation, and also from transactions which although are not specified in it, do not contradict legislation;2) form the administrative acts which give rise to civil rights consequences by virtue of legislation;3) from court decisions which establish civil rights and obligations;4) as a result of creating or acquiring assets on the bases which are not prohibited by legislative acts;5) as a result of creating inventions, industrial samples, works of science, literature and art and any other results of intellectual activity;6) as a result of causing harm to any other person, and equally as a result of the unfair acquisition or saving of assets at the expense of another person (unfair enrichment);7) as a result of any other acts of citizens and legal entities;8) as a result of events to which legislation conditions the emergence of civil rights.Article 8. The Exercise of Civil Rights1. Citizens and legal entities at their discretion shall exercise civil rights which belong to them, including the right to their protection.2. The refusal of citizens and legal entities to exercise their rights shall not entail the cessation of those rights, except for the cases which are provided for by legislative acts.3. The exercise of civil rights must not violate the rights and the interests of any other subjects under legislation, and it must not do any harm to the environment.4. Citizens and legal entities must act in good faith, reasonably and fairly when exercising their rights, and comply with the requirements which are contained in legislation, with the moral principles of the society, while entrepreneurs must also comply with business ethics rules. This obligation may not be excluded or restricted by any agreement. The good faith, reasonableness and fairness of the acts of participants in civil rights relations shall be presumed.5. Acts of citizens and legal entities which aim to cause harm to any other person, at the abuse of rights in any other form and also at an exercise of a right in contradiction to its intention. In the case of a failure to comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs 3 to 5 of this Article the court may deny a person the protection of his right.Article 9. Protection of Civil Rights1. The protection of civil rights shall be exercised by the court, arbitration tribunal or the judgement of third party by way of: recognition of rights; restitution of the position which existed prior to the violation of the right; putting an end to behaviour which violates the right or create the threat of its violation; awarding the execution of an obligation in kind; compensation of losses; damages; recognition of the transaction as invalid; compensation of moral losses; termination or alteration of legal relations; the recognition as invalid or void of an act which does not comply with legislation of a body of the state administration or of a local representative or executive body; imposition of a fine on the state body or official for impeding a citizen or a legal entity to acquire or exercise a right, and also in the other manner as provided for by legislative acts.2. The appeal for protection of a violated right to a body of power or administration shall not prevent an appeal to the court with an action to protect a right, unless legislative acts specify otherwise.3. In the cases which are specifically provided for in legislative acts, the protection of civil rights shall be carried out directly by actual or legal acts of the person whose right is violated (self-defence).4. The person whose right is violated may require the entire restitution of the losses inflicted on him, unless legislative acts or the agreement do not stipulate otherwise. The expenditure shall be understood to mean losses, which are incurred or must be incurred by the person whose right is violated, the loss or the damage to his property (real damage) and also lost profit which this person would have received under the normal conditions of the turnover, should his right have not been violated (lost profits).5. The losses which are inflicted upon a citizen or a legal entity as a result of issuing by a governmental body of an act which does not comply with legislation, or by any other state body, and also by acts (failure to act) of the officials of those bodies, shall be subject to compensation by the Republic of Kazakhstan or by the relevant administrative and territorial unit.6. When emergence of the legal consequences of a violation is related to the guilt of the violator his guilt shall be presumed, except for the cases where legislative acts stipulate otherwise.Article 10. The Protection of the Rights ofEntrepreneurs and Consumersas amended by (3) Edict No. 2835 Having the Force of Law of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of An Addendum to the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (GENERAL PART). January 27, 1996];(11) Law of 11th July 1997 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Issues of Banking Activity; and(16) Law No. 283 of 10th July 1998 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Concerning the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.1. Entrepreneurship is the activity of citizens and legal entities, taken on the initiative, irrespective of the form of ownership, which is aimed at the earning of profits or personal net income by way of satisfying the demand for goods (work, services) which is based on the private property (private entrepreneurship) or under the right to business authority of a state-owned enterprise (state entrepreneurship). Entrepreneurial activity shall be carried out on behalf of, under the risk, and under the property liability of the entrepreneur.2. The state shall guarantee the freedom of entrepreneurial activities and it shall ensure its protection and support.3. The rights of entrepreneurs who carry out the activities which are not prohibited by legislation shall be protected as follows:1) by the possibility to carry out entrepreneurial activities without obtaining anyone's permission, except for the types of activity which are subject to licensing;2) by a simple procedure for the registration of any type of entrepreneurship in any sphere of the economy by one registering authority by way of a arrival;3) by restricting, through legislative acts, those audits which are carried out by the state bodies;4) by a compulsory termination of entrepreneurial activities based only upon the decision of the court of law, which is passed on the basis provided for by legislative acts;5) by establishing through legislative acts of the lists of operations and types of goods and services which are prohibited for private entrepreneurship, or restricted for export and import;6) by holding the state bodies, officials and any other persons and organisations responsible for loss to the entrepreneurs and for illegal impediments to their activities;6-1) by prohibiting to executive, supervisory and monitoring bodies, to enter into contractual relations with entrepreneurial entities for the matter of performing the obligations which are the function of those bodies.7) by any other means provided for by legislation.4. The manufacture and sale of certain types of goods, work and services, because of considerations of national security; ensuring law and order; protection of the environment; property and lives and health of citizens must be carried out in accordance with the State licences. The list of such goods, work and services shall be defined by legislative acts or in accordance with the procedure established by them.5. A commercial (entrepreneurial) secret shall be protected by law. The procedure for identifying the information which constitutes a commercial secret, the methods of its protection and also the list of information which must not be included among commercial secrets shall be established by legislation.6. The protection of the rights of consumers shall be ensured by the means which are envisaged by this Code or any other legislative acts. In particular, each consumer shall have the right: to freely enter agreements to purchase goods and to use work and services; to proper quality and safety of goods (work, services);to full and reliable information on goods (work, services); and the right to join public associations of consumers.Article 11. Prohibition of Abusing the Freedomof Entrepreneurship1. Monopolistic activities and any other activities aimed at restricting or eliminating legal competition or the extraction of unreasonable advantages by the restriction of rights and legitimate interests of consumers, shall not be allowed.2. Except for the cases provided for by legislative acts, the use by entrepreneurs of civil rights for the purpose of restricting competition, shall not be allowed, in particular:1) the abuse by entrepreneurs of their dominant position in the market to restrict or terminate the production or reserve from circulation of any goods in order to create shortages or increase the prices;2) entering into and implementing by persons who carry out similar entrepreneurial activities of agreements concerning prices, subdivision of markets, elimination of any other entrepreneurs or any other conditions which materially restrict competition;3) commission of unfair acts which are aimed at restriction of the legitimate interests of a person who performs similar entrepreneurial activities and of consumers (unfair competition), in particular, the misleading of consumers with regard to the manufacturer, designation, method and place of manufacture, quality or any other properties of goods of other entrepreneurs, by way of unfair comparison of goods in advertising and in any other information, copying external design of somebody else's goods and by any other methods. The remedies to control unfair competition shall be established by legislative acts.Chapter 2. Entities in Civil Rights§ 1. Citizens of the Republic ofKazakhstan and Other Physical PersonsArticle 12. The Definition of a Physical PersonCitizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, citizens of other states, as well as stateless persons shall be understood to be physical persons. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to any physical persons, unless it is otherwise established by this Code.Article 13. The Legal Capacity of Citizens1. The capacity to have civil rights and bear obligations (civil rights capacity) shall be recognised as equal in all citizens.2. The legal capacity of a citizen shall arise at the moment of his birth and it shall cease with his demise.Article 14. The Principal Contents of the Legal Capacity of aCitizenA citizen may have, under his right of ownership , properties including foreign currency, both within the boundaries of the Republic of Kazakhstan and beyond its boundaries; inherit and bequest property; move freely in the territory of the Republic and select the place of residence; freely leave the boundaries of the Republic and return to its territory; engage in any activities which are not prohibited by legislative acts; create legal entities independently or with other citizens and legal entities, enter into any transactions which are not prohibited by legislative acts and participate in obligations; have the right to intellectual property with regard to inventions, works of science, literature and art and any other results of intellectual activity; claim the compensation for financial and moral damage; have any other property rights and personal rights.Article 15. The Name of a Citizen1. A citizen shall acquire and exercise the rights and obligations under his name including the surname and the proper name and at his discretion - the patronymic name.2. Legislation may provide for cases of anonymous acquisition by citizens of the rights and execution of obligations, or the use of a pen name (fictitious name).3. The name which is received by a citizen at his birth and also the change of the name shall be subject to registration in accordance with the procedure established by legislation concerning the registration of civil status acts.4. A citizen shall have the right to change his name in accordance with the procedure established by legislative acts. The change of name shall not be the basis for the cessation or alteration of his rights and obligations which are acquired under the former name, anonymously or under a pseudonym.5. A citizen shall be obliged to take appropriate steps to notify his debtors and creditors of a change of his name and he shall bear the risk associated with the consequences which are caused by those persons' unawareness of the change of his name.6. A citizen who has changed his name shall have the right to require the introduction of the appropriate amendments into the documents formulated for his former name.。
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年哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法1995年哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法(一九九五年八月三十日经全民公决通过)我们——哈萨克斯坦人民,由共同的历史命运联系起来,在世代居住的哈萨克土地上建立自己的国家体制,承认自己是热爱和平的公民社会,忠于自由、平等与和睦的理想,希望在国际社会中占据体面的位置,意识到自己对当代和子孙后代所肩负的重大责任,凭借拥有的主权,通过本宪法。
第一章总则第一条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国是民主的、世俗的、法制的和社会的国家,其最高价值为人、人的生命、人的权利和自由。
2.共和国的基本原则是:社会和睦和政治稳定、发展经济造福全民、哈萨克斯坦爱国主义、通过民主方式包括通过共和国全民公决或者通过议会表决解决国家生活中的最重大的问题。
第二条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国是单一制国家,实行总统制。
2.共和国在其全部领土上享有主权。
国家保障自己领土的完整、不可侵犯和不可分割。
3.共和国的行政区划、首都的设置及其地位由法律规定。
4.哈萨克斯坦共和国和哈萨克斯坦两种名称含义相同。
第三条1.人民是国家权力的唯一源泉。
2.人民直接通过共和国全民公决和自由选举行使权力,同时也可以通过授权国家机关行使自己的权力。
3.任何人不得摄取哈萨克斯坦共和国的权力。
攫取权力行为将受到法律追究。
总统以及在宪法权限内的共和国议会有权代表人民和国家。
4.共和国的国家权力是统一的,并在宪法和法律的基础上,根据宪法规定的立法、行政和司法三权分立、相互制衡的原则实施。
第四条1.宪法、与之相关的法律、其他规范法令、国际条约和共和国其它义务以及共和国宪法委员会和最高法院的规范决定为哈萨克斯坦的现行法律。
2.宪法具有最高的法律效力,在共和国全境必须执行。
3.共和国批准的国际条约优先于共和国的法律并直接生效,但为实施国际条约需另行颁布法律的情况除外。
4.一切法律和共和国参加的国际条约都应公布.正式公布涉及公民权利、自由和义务的规范法令是贯彻的必要条件。
第五条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国承任意识形态和政治的多元化。
但不允许将社会制度和国家制度混同,国家机关中不得建立政党组织。
2.社会组织在法律面前一律平等。
国家不得非法干涉社会组织的事务,社会组织也不得非法干涉国家事务,不得将国家机关的职能赋予社会组织,国家也不得向社会组织提供拨款。
3.禁止建立旨在以暴力改变宪法制度、破坏共和国的完整、危害国家安全以及挑起社会、种族、民族、宗教、阶层和民族仇视的社会组织及其活动,也禁止成立未经法律规定的军事武装。
4.在共和国内禁止其他国家的政党、工会和建立在宗教基础上的政党的活动,也禁止外国法人和公民、其他国家和国际组织对政党和工会组织提供资助。
5.外国宗教组织在共和国境内的活动以及外国宗教中心对共和国内宗教组织领导人的任命,需经共和国有关国家机关同意。
第六条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国承认国有制和私有制,并同样保护它们。
2.财产及其使用应造福于社会。
产权的主体与客体、财产所有者行使自身权利的范围与限度及其权利维护的保障由法律规定。
3.土地、矿藏、水资源、植物界和动物界以及其他自然资源均系国家财产。
在法律规定的原则、程序和范围内,土地也可以私有。
第七条1.哈萨克语为哈萨克斯坦共和国的国语。
2.在国家组织和地方自治机构中,俄语与哈萨克语一样,平等地正式使用。
3.国家要努力为学习和发展哈萨克斯坦人民的各种语言创造条件。
第八条哈萨克斯坦共和国尊重国际法的原则和准则,奉行各国之间合作和睦邻友好关系、平等和互不干涉内政、和平解决国际争端,不首先使用武力的政策。
第九条哈萨克斯坦共和国拥有国家的象征:国旗、国徽和国歌。
它们的制定和正式使用程序由宪法法律规定。
第二章人和公民第十条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国国籍的获得和终止须依法进行。
国籍是统一和平等的,不论其获得的依据如何。
2.共和国公民在任何条件下都不得被剥夺国籍,不得剥夺改变自己国籍的权利,也不得被驱逐到哈萨克斯坦境外。
3.共和国公民具有的其他国家的国籍不予承认。
第十一条l.哈萨克斯坦共和国公民不得被引渡到外国,如果共和国国际条约没有作出另行规定。
2.共和国保证其公民在境外受到保护和监护。
1.哈萨克斯坦共和国承认并保证根据宪法人应拥有的权利和自由。
2.人的权利和自由为天赋的,是绝对的和不可剥夺的,它们决定着法律和其他规范法令的内容和运用。
3.共和国公民因为具有国籍而享受权利并承担义务。
4.外国人和无国籍者在共和国内享有为公民规定的权利和自由并承担义务,如果宪法、法律和国际条约没有另外作出规定。
5.实施人和公民的权利和自由不应损害他人的权利和自由、践踏宪法制度和社会公德。
第十三条1.每个人都享有被确认为法律主体的权利,有权以任何不违背法律的方式保护自己的权利和自由,包括必要的自卫。
2.每个人都有为自己的权利和自由进行诉讼辩护的权利。
3.每个人都有得到专业司法协助的权利。
在法律规定的情况下,可无偿得到司法协助。
第十四条l.在法律和法院面前人人平等。
2.任何人都不应由于出身、社会、职务和财产状况、性别、种族、民族、语言、宗教、信仰、居住地点等原因或因任何其他情况而受到歧视。
第十五条1.每个人都有生存权。
2.任何人都无权随意剥夺他人生命。
死刑规定是依法对犯有特别严重罪行的人采用的一项极端措施,同时向被判决者提供请求赦免的权利。
第十六条1.每个人都享有人身自由的权利。
2.只有在法律规定的情况下并经法院或检察官批准方可进行逮捕和拘留,但需向被捕者提供司法申诉权利。
未经检察官批准,拘留时间不得超过72小时。
3.每个被拘留、逮捕和被指控犯罪的人,都有权自相应的被拘留、逮捕和指控之日起得到律师(辩护人)的帮助。
第十七条1.人的尊严不受侵犯。
2.任何人不应遭受刑讯、暴力以及其他残酷的或有损人的尊严的对待或惩罚。
第十八条1.每个人都享有个人生活不受侵犯、保护个人和家庭隐私、维护自己荣誉和尊严的权利。
2.每个人都享有保守个人储蓄和存款、通信、电话交谈、邮政、电报及其他通讯秘密的权利。
只能在法律直接规定的情况下并按法律程序方可限制这种权利。
3.国家机关、社会团体、公职人员和大众传播媒体应保障每个公民都能了解涉及其权利和利益的文件、决议和信息来源。
第十九条1.每个人都有权决定和是否说出自己的民族、党派和宗教属性。
2.每个人都有使用本族语和文化以及自由选择交际、教育、学习和创作的语言的权利。
1.保障言论和创作自由。
禁止进行书刊检查。
2.每个人都享有自由获取和以不为法律禁止的手段传播信息的权利。
属于哈萨克斯坦共和国国家机密范畴的情报类别由法律规定。
3.禁止宣传或鼓动用暴力改变宪法制度、破坏共和国的完整、危害国家安全,也禁止宣传或鼓动战争以及社会、种族、民族、宗教、阶层、氏族的优越感和祟尚残酷与暴力。
第二十一条1.每个在哈萨克斯坦共和国领土上合法居住的人,都享有在其领土上自由迁徙和自由选择居住地的权利,法律另有规定的除外。
2.每个人都享有出国的权利。
共和国公民也享有不受阻碍返回共和国的权利。
第二十二条1.每个人都享有信仰自由的权利。
2.信仰自由权利的运用不应影响或限制普通人和公民的权利以及公民应尽的义务。
第二十三条l.哈萨克斯坦共和国公民享有自由结社的权利。
社会团体的活动由法律加以调节。
2.军人、国家安全机构和护法机构的工作人员以及法官不得加入政党和工会,也不得支持某个政党。
第二十四条1.每个人都享有劳动自由以及自由选择工作和职业类别的权利。
强制劳动只有在法院作出判决或处于非常状态和军事状态时方可实施。
2.每个人都有选择符合安全和卫生要求的劳动条件、不受任何歧视地获取劳动报酬和因失业获得社会保护的权利。
3.承认个人和集体有权以合法的方式包括罢工来解决劳动纠纷。
4.每个人都有休息权。
对按劳动合同工作的人员,须保证他们的工作时间、休息日、节假日和带薪年度休假。
第二十五条1.住宅不受侵犯。
不得剥夺住宅,法院判决除外。
只有在法律规定的情况下并按法律程序,方可潜入、检查和搜查住宅。
2.哈萨克斯坦共和国要不断创造条件,以保证居民享有住房。
对于法律中规定的需要住房的公民,根据法律规定的标准从国家住房基金中拨款,按可接受的价格为其提供住房。
第二十六条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国公民可以拥有任何合法取得的私人财产。
2.产权,其中包括继承权,受到法律保证。
3.任何人都不得被剥夺自己的财产,法院判决的除外。
在法律规定的特殊情况下,国家根据需要可将财产强制收归国有,但须等价补偿。
4.每个人都有权自由从事经营活动并可为任何合法的经营活动自由使用自己的财产。
垄断活动由法律加以调节和限制。
禁止不正当竞争。
第二十七条1.婚姻和家庭、母亲、父亲和儿童受到国家保护。
2.关心和教育子女是父母的天生应有的权利和义务。
3.有劳动能力的成年子女应关心丧失劳动能力的父母。
第二十八条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国保证其公民的最低工资和退休金,并在他们年老、患病、残废、失去赡养者和法律规定的其他情况下提供社会保障。
2.鼓励自愿参加社会保险,建立社会保障的补充形式和慈善事业。
第二十九条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国公民享有保护健康的权利。
2.共和国公民有权获得法律规定数额的有保证的无偿医疗救助。
3.在国家和私立医疗机构以及个体医生处的收费治疗,须在法律规定的条件和办法下进行。
第三十条1.国家保证公民在公立学校免费接受中等教育。
中等教育为义务教育。
2.公民有权通过竞争在公立高等学校接受免费高等教育。
3.在私立学校中接受收费教育的条件和办法由法律规定。
4.国家规定必须执行的教育标准。
任何学校的活动都应符合该标准。
第三十一条1.国家致力于保护环境,以有益于人的生命与健康。
2.对于隐瞒危害人们生命和健康的事实及情况的公职人员,应依法追究其责任。
第三十二条哈萨克斯坦共和国公民有权举行和平的不带武器的聚会、集会、游行、示威和布置纠察。
为了国家安全、社会秩序、保护健康和维护他人的权利和自由,可根据法律对这种权利进行限制。
第三十三条1.哈萨克斯坦共和国公民有权直接和通过自己的代表参加管理国家事务,也有权亲自提出看法以及将个人和集体的意见递交国家机关和地方自治机关。
2.共和国公民有权选举和被选举进入国家机关和地方自治机关,有权参加共和国全民公决。
3.被法院认定为无行为能力和根据法院判决被监禁的公民没有选举权和被选举权,也无权参加共和国全民公决。
4.共和国公民享有担任国家公职的平等权利。
对担任国家公职候选人的要求,只能按职务的性质决定并由法律规定。
国家公职人员的年龄不得超过六十岁,在个别情况下可放宽到六十五岁。
第三十四条1.每个人都有遵守哈萨克斯坦共和国宪法和法律,尊重他人的权利、自由、荣誉和尊严的义务。
2.每个人都有尊重共和国国家象征的义务。
第三十五条依法缴纳规定的税费和其他应支付的款项是每个人的义务和责任。
第三十六条1.保卫哈萨克斯坦共和国是每个公民的神圣义务和职责。