CSLA-NetFramework
netframework 引用 standard
netframework 引用 standard
在 .NET Framework 中引用 `System.Standard` 命名空间，需要确保你正在使用的是正确的 .NET Framework 版本。
`System.Standard` 是在 .NET 5.0 及更高版本中引入的命名空间，而 .NET Framework 的最高版本是 4.8。
因此，.NET Framework 不包含
`System.Standard` 命名空间。
如果你想使用 `System.Standard` 命名空间中的类型和成员，你需要将你的项目迁移到 .NET 5.0 或更高版本。
这可能涉及到更改项目的目标框架、安装适当的 .NET SDK，并更新你的代码以使用新的命名空间和类型。
请注意，.NET 5.0 及更高版本与 .NET Framework 是不同的产品，它们具有不同的特性、功能和命名空间。
在迁移到新的 .NET 版本之前，建议仔细评估项目的需求和兼容性，并确保你的代码在新的环境中能够正常运行。
ASP.NET4.5网站开发与应用实践教程第十五章ASP.NETMVC4框架
312
15.1.2
MVC 优缺点
在使用 ASP 或者 PHP 开发 Web 应用时，初始的开发模板就是混合层的数据编程。 例如，直接向数据库发送请求并用 HTML 显示，开发速度往往比较快。但由于数据页面
MVC 4 框架 的分离不是很直接，因而很难体现出业务模型的样子或者模型的重用性，很难满足用户 的变化性需求。 MVC 要求对应用分层，虽然要花费额外的工作，但产品的结构清晰，产品的应用通 过模型可以得到更好的体现。 （1）首先，最重要的是应该有多个视图对应一个模型的能力。在目前用户需求的快 速变化下，可能有多种方式访问应用的要求。 例如，订单模型可能有本系统的订单，也有网上订单，或者其他系统的订单，但对 于订单的处理都是一样，也就是说订单的处理是一致的。按 MVC 设计模式，一个订单 模型以及多个视图即可解决问题。这样减少了代码的复制，即减少了代码的维护量，一 旦模型发生改变，也易于维护。 （2）其次，由于模型返回的数据不带任何显示格式，因而这些模型也可直接应用于 接口的使用。 （3）再次，由于一个应用被分离为三层，因此有时改变其中的一层就能满足应用的 改变。一个应用的业务流程或者业务规则的改变只需改动 MVC 的模型层。 （4）控制层的概念也很有效，由于它把不同的模型和不同的视图组合在一起完成不 同的请求，因此，控制层可以说是包含用户请求权限的概念。 （5）最后，它还有利于软件工程化管理。由于不同的层各司其职，每一层不同的应 用具有某些相同的特征，有利于通过工程化、工具化产生管理程序代码。 凡事都不是绝对的，MVC 也是如此。MVC 也不是最先进、最优秀或者最好的选择， 其缺点主要体现在以下几个方面： （1）增加了系统结构和实现的复杂性。 对于简单的界面，严格遵循 MVC，使模型、视图与控制器分离，会增加结构的复杂 性，并可能产生过多的更新操作，降低运行效率。 （2）视图与控制器间过于紧密的连接。 视图与控制器是相互分离的， 但是又紧密联系的部分， 如果视图没有控制器的存在， 那它的应用是很有限的。反之亦然，这样就妨碍了它们的独立重用。 （3）视图对于模型数据的低效率访问。 依据模型操作接口的不同，视图可能需要多次调用才能获得足够的显示数据。对未 变化数据的不必要的频繁访问，也将损害操作性能。 目前， 一般高级的界面工具或者构造器不支持 MVC 架构。 改造这些工具以适应 MVC 需要和建立分离部分的代价是很高的，从而造成使用 MVC 的困难。
常见Web漏洞描述及加固建议
Padding Oracle
高
</configuration> error.html 需自己创建。 [3] 限制能连接数据库的 IP 范围。
不安全 HTTP 方 法未禁用
高
漏洞描述：WebDAV （Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning） 一种基于 HTTP 1.1 协议的通信协议。它扩展 了 HTTP 1.1，在 GET、POST、HEAD 等几个 HTTP 标准方法以外 添加了一些新的方法，使应用程序可直接对 Web Server 直接 读写，还可以支持文件的版本控制。不合理的权限配置导致任 意用户可以通过 PUT 方法直接上传任意文件到有写权限的目 录，例如攻击者可上传 WebShell，从而控制网站。 解决方案： [1] 限制 PUT、DELETE、SEARCH、COPY、MOVE 等危险的方法的 访问权限 [2] 如果不需要使用上述方法，应关闭方法 漏洞描述： 由于配置问题或代码问题访问目标出错时返回默认 错误信息，可能包含 SQL 语句、Web 应用的物理路径、应用的 版本信息等等。攻击者可以通过这些信息来进行下一步的攻 击。 漏洞地址：
CVS 信息泄露
中 漏洞地址： 解决方案： [1] 配置敏感文件的访问权限 [2] 或移除敏感文件到非 Web 应用的目录 漏洞描述：SVN 是 Subversion 的简称，是一个开放源代码的 版本控制系统，相较于 RCS、CVS，它采用了分支管理系统， 它的设计目标就是取代 CVS。主要用于在多人开发环境下的源 码的维护，SVN 目录如果被非法访问，攻击者可通过该目录获 取敏感信息，如网站服务器端源代码，从而利用这些信息进一 步进行攻击。 漏洞地址： 解决方案： [1] 配置敏感文件的访问权限 [2] 或移除敏感文件到非 Web 应用的目录 漏洞描述：远程服务器的 SSL 证书已经过期。远程服务使用 SSL 进行通信有助于帮助用户识别所访问的是否经过认证的 网站。如果证书已过期，浏览器会给出相应警告提示，用户点 击确认后可继续访问。如果通信流量被监听，也会提示证书存 在问题。此时如果用户没注意到，而习惯性关闭警告窗口，导 致通信流量被监听而未发觉。 解决方案：
CSharp学习资料
CSharp学习资料第一章.NET体系结构简介体系主要由以下两部分组成Framework类库.NETFramework类库是一个内容丰富的类集合，它可以完成以前要通过WindowAPI来完成的绝大多数任务。
CLR是.NETFramework的核心执行环境，也称.NET运行库。
1.2CLR概述CLR主要负责“托管代码”的编译和运行。
在.NET中代码的编译分为两个阶段，如图1.1所示：1、把源代码编译为Microoft中间语音（MSIL）；2、CLR把MSIL编译为平台专用的代码。
某.cC#源代码编译器CLR激活JIT目标机器MSIL微软（Window中间语音、Linu某等）图中C#语音的执行过程1.21托管代码（ManagedCode）托管代码是由CLR运行环境（不是直接由操作系统）执行的代码。
托管代码的优点：平台无关性提高性能语音的互操作性1.22非托管代码（UnmanagedCode）非托管代码是由操作系统直接执行的代码。
非托管代码必须提供自己的垃圾回收、类型检查、安全支持等服务；它与托管代码不同，后者从公共语言运行库中获得这些服务。
非托管代码有汇编语音、C语音等。
托管代码和非托管代码区别：前者运行效率稍低，代码编写容易，开发效率高；后者运行效率高，代码编写较难，开发效率低。
第二章面向对象语言C#基础2.1C#简介2.11第一个C#程序（控制台应用程序）uingSytem;//引用命名空间namepaceBitPC.CSharp.Baic//定义命名空间{claMyFirtCSharpCla//引用类类型{publictaticvoidMain()//方法{Conole.WriteLine(“ThiimyfirtC#program!”);//输出无参字符串//输出带参数的字符串Conole.WriteLine(“{0},你好，你的性别是{1}的!”,”唐健”,”男”);Conole.ReadLine();return;}}}2.2变量2.21变量的定义及初始化在C#中声明变量使用的语法：数据类型变量；例如：inti；变量只能先定义后使用；定义变量后必须初始化才能使用；变量要占用一定字节数的内存单元，以上声明会在堆栈中给i分配4个字节。
CSLA.Net架构在分布式系统开发中的应用
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际应用情 况 ， 介绍 了在 Ｃ Ｓ Ｌ Ａ架 构下建立分布式面 向对象应用程序 的优 势及 其相关技术特征 。
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客户的需求是变化 的， 面向过程 的开发方法会使整 个 系 统 的业务 逻 辑 和 界 面 逻 辑耦 合 度 较 高 ， 一 个 需 求的改动可能会影响多个模块或组件 ， 这样 ， 程序员
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验， 用类 的封 装 和 继 承 等方 法创 建 通 讯 模 块 从 仪 表
Microsoft .NET Core开发平台指南说明书
About the T utorial.NET Core is the latest general purpose development platform maintained by Microsoft. It works across different platforms and has been redesigned in a way that makes .NET fast, flexible and modern..NET Core happens to be one of the major contributions by Microsoft. Developers can now build Android, iOS, Linux, Mac, and Windows applications with .NET, all in Open Source.AudienceThis tutorial is designed for software programmers who want to learn the basics of .NET Core.PrerequisitesYou should have a basic understanding of Computer Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages is a plus.Disclaimer & CopyrightCopyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************.T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Disclaimer & Copyright (i)Table of Contents (ii) Core – Overview (1)Characteristics of .NET Core (1)The .NET Core Platform (2) Core – Prerequisites (3) Core – Environment Setup (4)Visual Studio 2015 (4) Core – Getting Started (10) Core – Numerics (13)Integral types (13)Floating-point types (13) Core – Garbage Collection (16)Advantages of Garbage Collection (16)Conditions for Garbage Collection (16)Generations (16) Core – Code Execution (18).NET Core Code Execution Process (19) Core – Modularity (21) Core – Project Files (24) Core – Package References (28) Core – Create UWP App with .NET Core (34) Core – MSBuild (42) Core – Metapackage (47) Core – Windows Runtime and Extension SDKs (53) Core – Create .NET Standard Library (58) Core – Portable Class Library (63)What is PCL (64) Core – Adding References to Library (72) Core – Sharing .NET Core Libraries (77) Core – Creating a Xamarin.Forms Project (87) Core – PCL Troubleshooting (95) Core – Create a Testing Project (105) Core – Running Tests in Visual Studio (109) Core – Testing Library (116) Core – Managed Extensibility Framework (124) Core – .NET Core SDK (134) Core – MSBuild and project.json (140)MSBuild vs project.json (141) Core – Restoring and Building with MSBuild (143) Core – Migrations (147).NET Core is the latest general purpose development platform maintained by Microsoft. It works across different platforms and has been redesigned in a way that makes .NET fast, flexible and modern. This happens to be one of the major contributions by Microsoft. Developers can now build Android, iOS, Linux, Mac, and Windows applications with .NET, all in Open Source.In this tutorial, we will cover .NET Core and a few new innovations including the .NET Framework updates, .NET Standard, and Universal Windows Platform updates, etc.Characteristics of .NET CoreThe following are the major characteristics of .NET Core:Open source∙.NET Core is an open source implementation, using MIT and Apache 2 licenses.∙.NET Core is a .NET Foundation project and is available on GitHub.∙As an open source project, it promotes a more transparent development process and promotes an active and engaged community.Cross-platform∙Application implemented in .NET Core can be run and its code can be reused regardless of your platform target.∙It currently supports three main operating systems (OS):o Windowso Linuxo MacOS∙The supported Operating Systems (OS), CPUs and application scenarios will grow over time, provided by Microsoft, other companies, and individuals.Flexible deployment∙There can be two types of deployments for .NET Core applications:o Framework-dependent deploymento Self-contained deployment4.NET Core5∙ With framework-dependent deployment, your app depends on a system-wide version of .NET Core on which your app and third-party dependencies are installed.∙With self-contained deployment, the .NET Core version used to build your application is also deployed along with your app and third-party dependencies and can run side-by-side with other versions.Command-line tools∙All product scenarios can be exercised at the command-line.Compatible∙.NET Core is compatible with .NET Framework, Xamarin and Mono, via the .NET Standard Library.Modular∙ .NET Core is released through NuGet in smaller assembly packages.∙ .NET Framework is one large assembly that contains most of the core functionalities. ∙ .NET Core is made available as smaller feature-centric packages.∙ This modular approach enables the developers to optimize their app by including just those NuGet packages which they need in their app.∙The benefits of a smaller app surface area include tighter security, reduced servicing, improved performance, and decreased costs in a pay-for-what-you-use model.The .NET Core Platform.NET Core Platform contains the following main parts:∙ .NET Runtime : It provides a type system, assembly loading, a garbage collector, native interop and other basic services.∙ Fundamental Libraries : A set of framework libraries, which provide primitive data types, app composition types and fundamental utilities.∙ SDK & Compiler : A set of SDK tools and language compilers that enable the base developer experience, available in the .NET Core SDK.∙‘dotnet’ app host : it is used to launch .NET Core apps. It selects the runtime and hosts the runtime, provides an assembly loading policy and launches the app. The same host is also used to launch SDK tools in much the same way..NET Core6In this chapter, we will discuss the various dependencies that you need to deploy and run. These include the .NET Core applications on Windows machines that are developed using Visual Studio.Supported Windows Versions.NET Core is supported on the following versions of Windows:∙ Windows 7 SP1 ∙ Windows 8.1 ∙ Windows 10∙ Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 (Full Server or Server Core) ∙ Windows Server 2012 SP1 (Full Server or Server Core) ∙ Windows Server 2012 R2 SP1 (Full Server or Server Core) ∙Windows Server 2016 (Full Server, Server Core or Nano Server)Dependencies∙If you are running your .NET Core application on Windows versions earlier than Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016, then it will also require the Visual C++ Redistributable.∙ This dependency is automatically installed for you if you use the .NET Core installer. ∙You need to manually install the Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2015 if you are installing .NET Core via the installer script or deploying a self-contained .NET Core application.∙For Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 machines, you need to make sure that your Windows installation is up-to-date and also includes hotfix KB2533623 installed through Windows Update.Prerequisites with Visual Studio∙ To develop .NET Core applications using the .NET Core SDK, you can use any editor of your choice.∙However, if you want to develop .NET Core applications on Windows using Visual Studio, you can use the following two versions:o Visual Studio 2015 o Visual Studio 2017 RC.NET Core7Projects created with Visual Studio 2015 will be project.json-based by default while projects created with Visual Studio 2017 RC will always be MSBuild-based.In this chapter, we will discuss the Environment Setup of .NET Core. It is a significant redesign of the .NET Framework. To use .NET Core in your application, there are two versions you can use:∙Visual Studio 2015∙Visual Studio 2017 RCVisual Studio 2015To use Visual Studio 2015, you must have installed the following;∙Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Update 3∙Microsoft .NET Core 1.0.1 - VS 2015 Tooling Preview 2Microsoft provides a free version of visual studio which also contains the SQL Server and can be downloaded from https:///en-us/downloads/download-visual-studio-vs.aspx and Microsoft .NET Core 1.0.1 - VS 2015 Tooling Preview 2 can be downloaded from https:///fwlink/?LinkId=817245.You can also follow the installation guidelines on the following Url https:///net/core/#windowsvs2015.Installation of Visual Studio 2015Follow these steps to install Visual Studio 2015:Step 1: Once the downloading completes, then run the installer. The following dialog box will be displayed.89Step 2: Click Install to start the installation process.Step 3: Once the installation completes, you will see the following dialog box.Step 4: Close this dialog and restart your computer if required.10Step 5: Open Visual Studio from the Start Menu; you will receive the following dialog box. It may take a few minutes to load and finally be used for the first time.Step 6: Once it is loaded, you will see the following screen.11Step 7: Once Visual Studio installation is finished, then close Visual Studio and launch Microsoft .NET Core - VS 2015 Tooling Preview 2.Step 8: Check the checkbox and click Install.12Step 9: Once the installation completes, you will see the following dialog box.You are now ready to start your application using .NET Core.Visual Studio 2017In this tutorial, we will be using Visual Studio 2015, but if you want to use Visual Studio 2017, an experimental release of .NET Core tools for Visual Studio is included in Visual Studio 2017 RC and you can see the installation guidelines here https:///net/core/#windowsvs2017.13Visual Studio 2015 provides a full-featured development environment for developing .NET Core applications. In this chapter, we will be creating a new project inside Visual Studio. Once you have installed the Visual Studio 2015 tooling, you can start building a new .NET Core Application.In the New Project dialog box, in the Templates list, expand the Visual C# node and select .NET Core and you should see the following three new project templates: ∙Class Library (.NET Core)∙Console Application (.NET Core)∙ Core Web Application (.NET Core)In the middle pane on the New Project dialog box, select Console Application (.NET Core) and name it "FirstApp", then click OK.14Visual Studio will open the newly created project, and you will see in the Solution Explorer window all of the files that are in this project.To test that .NET core console application is working, let us add the following line.Now, run the application. You should see the following output.1617.NET Core supports the standard numeric integral and floating-point primitives. It also supports the following types:∙ System.Numerics.BigInteger which is an integral type with no upper or lower bound. ∙ plex is a type that represents complex numbers.∙A set of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)-enabled vector types in the System.Numerics namespace.Integral types.NET Core supports both signed and unsigned integers of different ranges from one byte to eight bytes in length. All integers are value types.The following table represents the integral types and their size;Each integral type supports a standard set of arithmetic, comparison, equality, explicit conversion, and implicit conversion operators.You can also work with the individual bits in an integer value by using the System.BitConverter class.Floating-point types.NET Core includes three primitive floating point types, which are shown in the following table.∙Each floating-point type supports a standard set of arithmetic, comparison, equality, explicit conversion, and implicit conversion operators.∙You can also work with the individual bits in Double and Single values by using the BitConverter class.∙The Decimal structure has its own methods, Decimal.GetBits and Decimal.Decimal(Int32()), for working with a decimal value's individual bits, as well as its own set of methods for performing some additional mathematical operations.BigInteger∙System.Numerics.BigInteger is an immutable type that represents an arbitrarily large integer whose value in theory has no upper or lower bounds.∙The methods of the BigInteger type is closely parallel to those of the other integral types.Complex∙The plex type represents a complex number, i.e., a number witha real number part and an imaginary number part.∙It supports a standard set of arithmetic, comparison, equality, explicit conversion, and implicit conversion operators, as well as mathematical, algebraic, and trigonometric methods.SIMD∙The Numerics namespace includes a set of SIMD-enabled vector types for .NET Core.∙SIMD allows some operations to be parallelized at the hardware level, which results in huge performance improvements in mathematical, scientific, and graphics apps that perform computations over vectors.∙The SIMD-enabled vector types in .NET Core include the following:o System.Numerics.Vector2, System.Numerics.Vector3, and System.Numerics.Vector4 types, which are 2, 3, and 4-dimensional vectors oftype Single.o The Vector<T> structure that allows you to create a vector of any primitive numeric type. The primitive numeric types include all numeric types in theSystem namespace except for Decimal.18o Two matrix types, System.Numerics.Matrix3x2, which represents a 3x2 matrix;and System.Numerics.Matrix4x4, which represents a 4x4 matrix.o The System.Numerics.Plane type, which represents a three-dimensional plane, and the System.Numerics.Quaternion type, which represents a vector that is used to encode three-dimensional physical rotations.19.NET Core20 In this chapter, we will cover the concept of Garbage collection which is one of most important features of the .NET managed code platform. The garbage collector (GC) manages the allocation and release of memory. The garbage collector serves as an automatic memory manager.∙You do not need to know how to allocate and release memory or manage the lifetime of the objects that use that memory. ∙An allocation is made any time you declare an object with a “new” keyword or a value type is boxed. Allocations are typically very fast. ∙When there isn’t enough memory to allocate an object, the GC must collect and dispose of garbage memory to make memory available for new allocations. ∙ This process is known as garbage collection .Advantages of Garbage CollectionGarbage Collection provides the following benefits:∙You don’t need to free memory manually while developing your application. ∙It also allocates objects on the managed heap efficiently. ∙When objects are no longer used then it will reclaim those objects by clearing their memory, and keeps the memory available for future allocations. ∙Managed objects automatically get clean content to start with, so their constructors do not have to initialize every data field. ∙ It also provides memory safety by making sure that an object cannot use the content of another object.Conditions for Garbage CollectionGarbage collection occurs when one of the following conditions is true.∙The system has low physical memory. ∙The memory that is used by allocated objects on the managed heap surpasses an acceptable threshold. This threshold is continuously adjusted as the process runs. ∙ The GC.Collect method is called and in almost all cases, you do not have to call thismethod, because the garbage collector runs continuously. This method is primarily used for unique situations and testing..NET Core21 GenerationsThe .NET Garbage Collector has 3 generations and each generation has its own heap that that is used for the storage of allocated objects. There is a basic principle that most objects are either short-lived or long-lived.Generation First (0)∙In Generation 0, objects are first allocated. ∙In this generation, objects often don’t live past the first generation, since they are no longer in use (out of scope) by the time the next garbage collection occurs. ∙ Generation 0 is quick to collect because its associated heap is small.Generation Second (1)∙In Generation 1, objects have a second chance space. ∙Objects that are short-lived but survive the generation 0 collection (often based on coincidental timing) go to generation 1. ∙Generation 1 collections are also quick because its associated heap is also small. ∙ The first two heaps remain small because objects are either collected or promoted to the next generation heap.Generation Third (2)∙In Generation 2, all long objects are lived and its heap can grow to be very large. ∙The objects in this generation can survive a long time and there is no next generation heap to further promote objects. ∙The Garbage Collector has an additional heap for large objects known as Large Object Heap (LOH). ∙It is reserved for objects that are 85,000 bytes or greater. ∙Large objects are not allocated to the generational heaps but are allocated directly to the LOH. ∙Generation 2 and LOH collections can take noticeable time for programs that have run for a long time or operate over large amounts of data. ∙Large server programs are known to have heaps in the 10s of GBs. ∙The GC employs a variety of techniques to reduce the amount of time that it blocks program execution. ∙The primary approach is to do as much garbage collection work as possible on a background thread in a way that does not interfere with program execution. ∙The GC also exposes a few ways for developers to influence its behavior, which can be quite useful to improve performance.In this chapter, we will understand the execution process of .NET Core and compare it with the .NET Framework. The managed execution process includes the following steps.∙Choosing a compiler∙Compiling your code to MSIL∙Compiling MSIL to native code∙Running codeChoosing a Compiler∙It is a multi-language execution environment, the runtime supports a wide variety of data types and language features.∙To obtain the benefits provided by the common language runtime, you must use one or more language compilers that target the runtime.Compiling your code to MSIL∙Compiling translates your source code into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)and generates the required metadata.22∙Metadata describes the types in your code, including the definition of each type, the signatures of each type's members, the members that your code references, and other data that the runtime uses at execution time.∙The runtime locates and extracts the metadata from the file as well as from framework class libraries (FCL) as needed during execution.23End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://24。
.net framework用法
.net framework是由微软公司开发的一个用于构建和运行应用程序的评台。
它提供了许多功能和工具，帮助开发人员快速构建稳健、可靠的应用程序，并且可以在不同的操作系统上运行。
在本文中，我们将了解.net framework的用法，包括安装、配置、开发和调试应用程序等方面的内容。
一、安装.net framework1. 确认系统要求：在安装.net framework之前，首先需要确认系统是否符合.net framework的要求。
通常情况下，Windows操作系统都是支持.net framework的，但是需要确认系统的版本是否兼容。
2. 下载.net framework安装包：可以通过微软冠方全球信息站或者其他可信赖的来源下载.net framework的安装包。
根据系统版本选择合适的安装包进行下载。
3. 安装.net framework：下载完成安装包后，双击运行安装程序，按照提示进行安装。
在安装过程中，可以选择程序集、语言包等组件进行安装，根据自己的需求选择。
二、配置.net framework1. 配置开发环境：在使用.net framework进行开发之前，需要配置开发环境。
通常情况下，可以使用Visual Studio等集成开发环境进行开发，需要安装对应的开发工具包和运行时库。
2. 配置应用程序运行环境：在部署应用程序时，需要配置应用程序运行环境。
可以使用.net framework提供的工具进行应用程序打包、发布和部署，以确保在目标系统上能够正常运行。
三、开发应用程序1. 创建项目：使用Visual Studio等开发工具，新建一个项目，选择.net framework作为目标框架。
2. 编写代码：使用C#、等编程语言编写应用程序的代码。
借助.net framework提供的类库和工具，可以快速构建应用程序的逻辑和界面。
3. 调试应用程序：在开发过程中，可以使用调试工具对应用程序进行调试，定位和修复程序中的错误和异常。
单独编译framework
单独编译framework单独编译frameworkFramework是iOS开发中常用的一种代码结构，可以将一些常用的功能或库代码封装成独立的模块，方便在不同项目中复用。
这些模块一般被编译成一个单独的库，成为framework。
在iOS应用开发中，我们经常会使用系统提供的一些framework库，比如UIKit、Foundation等。
同时，我们也可以自己编写framework，并供其他开发者使用。
编写一个framework的过程可以分为三个步骤：创建framework项目，添加需要封装的代码，最后将framework编译成库文件。
一般来说，我们将封装的代码放到一个专门的文件夹中，通过在Build Settings中配置Header Search Paths来告诉编译器头文件的位置，再在Build Phases > Compile Sources中添加要编译的源文件即可。
完成代码编写后，我们需要将framework编译成库文件。
一般情况下，我们可以通过选择Product > Archive来自动构建和打包framework。
如果需要手动打包，可以打开终端，将目录切换到framework文件所在的目录，执行如下命令：xcodebuild -configuration “Release” -target "xxx" -arch "xxx" -sdk iphoneos其中，xxx表示具体的framework名称、架构类型和SDK版本。
通过上述步骤，我们就可以生成一个可单独使用的framework库文件了。
在其他项目中使用这个库也很简单，只需要将.framework文件添加到项目中，然后在Build Phases > Link Binary With Libraries中添加即可。
总之，编写和使用framework可以提高代码的重用性和开发效率，值得开发者在实践中掌握。
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Where does validation go?
Where do authorization rules
go?
低重用度
Can’t share tools or libraries
新开发人员
How to teach them
Lack of code templates
Can’t contribute right away
DNA 与 .NET体系结构比较
Windows DNA
.NET
表示层
ASP and IIS
Inline ASP VBScript/JScr ipt
Web 表单 服务器端控件
IIS
代码/页面分开
业务逻辑层 数据层
COM
VB/VC ADO (Can use COM+ Services; e.g. transactions)
SingTleRherTedieerpTl(ioeFyaretAdCplDpieleincpatlot/iyoMmnoebnitle)
Web Deploym
App Server
Objects
Database Interaction
Database
Scalable User Interface
Objects
Command Object Name Value List
Holds information used to load the object
Nested within the business object
Can have multiple criteria classes for various purposes
分布性
设计模式
软件设计 评审
面向对象 设计
软件设计 使能技术
异常处理
程序族和 框架
静态分析
以数据为中心 的设计
交互式系统
模拟和 原型
其它方法
持久性
量度
面向功能的 设计量度
面向对象的 设计量度
7
软件体系结构定义
软件体系结构描述软件系统的子系统和构件 及其相互关系
软件体体系系结结构的构概将念多从组研类究软结件合的起结来构和，风形格成开一始， 个有导机致的家整族式体（，产并品且线展）软示件各，部可分重用之软间件结和构类
Methods and Delegates •DoesClientQualify() •LoanAmountChanged •CreditScoreChanged
Loan Business Object
CSLAFeatures of CSLA And CSLA Objects
Deployment
Binding
relationships) N-level undo capability A simple and abstract model for the UI developer Full support for data binding in WPF, Windows Forms, and Web
Editable Root Editable Child Editable, “switchable” (i.e., root or child) Editable Root Collection Editable Child Collection
Read-only Read-only Collection
脆弱性（Fragility）：易 碎，牵一发而肝胆俱裂
牢固性（Immobility）： 无法分解成可移植的组件
粘滞性（Viscosity）：修 改设计代价高昂
不必要的复杂性（Needless Repetition）
晦涩性（Opacity）：不透 明，很难看清设计者的真实 意图
3/4/2020
Middle Tier
Web Service
.Net Components
IIS-01
IIS-02
IIS-03 IIS
Server Cluster
Transaction Message Queue
Scalability Monitoring Security
程度
6
软件设计
软件设计 基本概念
软件设计的 关键问题
软件结构和 体系结构
软件设计质量 分析和评价
软件设计 表示法
软件设计 策略和方法
一般的 设计概念
并发性
体系结构的 结构和视点
质量属性
结构描述
一般策略
软件设计的 上下文
事件控制 和处理
体系结构 风格
质量分析和 评价工具
行为描述
面向功能 设计
软件设计 过程
•Etc…
•Delete
Validation •LoanAmount Is Required •State Is Required •FICO is Required •LoanType Is Required
Business Rules •FICO > 620 for LoanType •LoanType in this State •LoanAmount > 100,000
Scalability Monitoring Security
Server Cluster
Data Tier
SQL-01
SQL-02
SQL-03 Data
Storage Cluster
为什么使用CSLA
为什么使用CSLA?
代码不一致
Every team has their own internal
User Interface ObjectOs bjects IDnatetarabcatDsioeantabase
Three logical units that make up an application.
Logical And Physical Architecture
UserObIjnectterface
体系架构与.NET体系架构
如果建筑师都用软件工程师的方法来建造房 子，那么第一只飞来的啄木鸟便足以摧毁整 个文明。
- Applied Java Patterns
为什么需要体系架构设计
好的设计 可扩展性 可维护性 可靠性 可伸缩性 ……
坏的设计
僵化性（Rigidity）：刚性， 难以修改，牵一发而动全身
行聚为焦驱业动务开需发求 Properties
•LoanAmount •State •FICO •LoanType
Database Interaction Data Portal Methods •Insert •Update •Select
Security •Viewable By Banker •Viewable By Director •Employee Loan requires special token in operations
Nested Child Objects
Contact.Save( );
Saves the contact and
all child objects like addresses, notes, follow ups, loans,
etc.
CSLA的原则及设计思路
CSLA Concepts
Base Classes Criteria Class Data Portal
Database Interaction
Objects
Database Interaction
Objects
Database Interaction
Objects
Database Interaction
App Servers
Database Cluster
GeneraCtoinmgptohneenCtomponent
Application Server Cluster
Data Tier
SQL-01
SQL-02
SQL-03 Data
Storage Cluster
.Net应用程序体系结构 2
Web Clients
Web & Application Server
.Net Components
Transaction Message Queue
Keeps track of where objects are instantiated,
as well as CRUD operations
Allows objects to move from client to app server
and back
Supports Remoting, Enterprise Services (COM+), WCF and ASMX
Adding a developer to a project can hurt timeline
是什么？
A business object framework.
C
Component
S
Scalable
L
Logical
A
Architecture
Logical And Physical Architecture
Internally
Mobile Objects
Business logic and data access
Easily Generated
Unlimited Undos
Tracks broken business rules
Has the object changed Behavior ObjectOriented Design