微生物学英语词汇1

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医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译

医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译微生物学作为医学领域中的重要学科，涉及到许多微生物学名词的英汉翻译。

准确的翻译对于医学研究和临床实践都具有重要意义。

以下是一些常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。

1. Bacteria - 细菌Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various habitats.2. Virus - 病毒Viruses are infectious agents that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.3. Fungi - 真菌Fungi are a group of organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.4. Protozoa - 原生动物Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that can be found in water and soil.5. Parasite - 寄生虫Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and obtain nutrients from the host.6. Antibiotic - 抗生素Antibiotics are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria.7. Antimicrobial - 抗菌剂Antimicrobials are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.8. Pathogen - 病原体Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause diseases in their hosts.9. Pathogenesis - 致病机制Pathogenesis refers to the process by which a pathogen causes disease in an organism.10. Immunization - 免疫Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a particular disease through vaccination.11. Contagious - 传染的Contagious refers to a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact.12. Sterilization - 杀菌Sterilization is the process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.13. Disinfection - 消毒Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces or objects.14. Culture - 培养Culture refers to the process of growing microorganisms in a controlled environment for research or diagnostic purposes.15. Resistance - 耐药性Resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs.以上是一些医学常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。

微生物学英语词汇（2）_生物化学英语词汇

辅酶 m coenzyme m 微量营养 micronutrient特需营养要求型 idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用 oligodynamic action 抗代谢物 antimetabolites索状因子 cord factor异株克生物质 allelopathic substances 光能无机营养 photolithotrophy光能有机营养 photoorganotrophy化能无机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy 光营养 phototrophy兼性营养 amphitrophy腐生营养 saprophytic nutrition甲基营养 methylotrophy化能营养 chemotrophy自养 autotrophy光能自养 photoautotrophy化能自养 chemoautotrophy半自养 mesotrophy异养 heterotrophy氮平衡 nitrogen balance碳平衡 carbon balance磷平衡 phosphorus balance同化作用 assimilation异化作用 dissimilation氨化作用 ammonification硝化作用 nitrification反硝化作用 denitrification固氮作用 nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用 asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 光同化作用 photo-assimilation巴氏效应 pasteur effect葡萄糖效应 glucose effect种间分子氢转移 interspecies h transfer发酵 fermentation发酵[能]力 fermentation capacity可发酵性 fermentability同型发酵 homofermentation异型发酵 heterofermentation厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸 anaerobic respiration厌氧生活 anaerobiosis需氧呼吸 aerobic respiration需氧生活 aerobiosis反馈抑制 feed back inhibition内源变量 endogenenous variable异养潜能 heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用 hypholytic action溶菌作用 bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象 pfeiffer's phenomenon自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖 schizogenesis芽殖 budding二分分裂 binary fission不等分裂 unequal fission断裂 fragmentation复分裂 multiple fission隐蔽期 eclipse period比生长速率 specific growth rate同步生长 synchronous growth双峰生长曲线 diauxie growth curve延滞期 lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线 time-survival curve倍增时间 doubling time指数生长 exponential growth衰亡期 decline phase稳定期 stationary phase对数期 log phase时间节律 temporal rhythm隐生现象 cryptobiosis休眠 dormancy衰老型 involution form静息细胞 resting cell光复活作用 photoreactivation交叉复活 cross reactivation热[致]死时 thermal death time热[致]死点 thermal death point原生质体再生 protoplast regeneration [噬菌体]接合分裂 conjugate division [噬菌体]裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition[噬菌体]裂解量 burst size[噬菌体]生产性感染 productive infection [噬菌体]自愈 curing病毒复制 replication of virus复制周期 replicative cycle裂解周期 lytic cycle[病毒]侵入 penetration病毒入胞现象 viropexis[病毒]脱壳 uncoating[病毒]装配 assembly蚀斑 plaque蚀斑形成单位 plaque forming unit,pfu成斑效率 efficiency of plating强毒株 virulent strain[狂犬病]固定毒 fixed virus[狂犬病]街毒 street virus病毒抑制作用 viral inhibition病毒诱导 virus induction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物 chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor 干扰素 interferon干扰[现象] interference溶原化 lysogenization溶原性 lysogeny溶原现象 lysogenesis抗生素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin除虫菌素 avermectin杆菌肽 bacitracin双环霉素 bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素 blasticidin博来霉素 bleomycin丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin卷曲霉素 capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素 carriomycin洋红霉素 carminomycin天青菌素 celesticetin头孢菌素 cephalosporin氯霉素 chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 金霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin 色霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin棒酸 clavulanic acid氯林肯霉素 clindamycin粘菌素 colistin鬼伞菌素 coprinin蛹虫草菌素 cordycepin香菇菌素 cortinellin环孢菌素 cyclosporin环丝氨酸 cycloserine松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin道诺霉素 daunomycin越霉素 destomycin偏端霉素 distamycin红霉素 erythromycin抑酯酶素 esterastin扁枝衣霉素 everninomicin间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid艮他霉素 gentamicin胶霉毒素 gliotoxin谷氏菌素 gougerotin短杆菌肽 gramicidin灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin全霉素 holomycin潮霉素 hygromycin岛霉素 ilamycin天神霉素 istamycin双氢除虫菌素 ivermectin交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin春日霉素 kasugamycin柱晶白霉素 leucomycin林可霉素 lincomycin美登素 maytenin酒霉素 methymycin光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin莫能菌素 monensin菌霉素 mycomycin霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素 mydecamycin, midecamycin 暗霉素 nebramycin新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin诺卡菌素 nocardin新生霉素 novobiocin制霉菌素 nystatin竹桃霉素 oleandomycin蛇孢菌素 ophiobollin展青霉素 patulin青霉酸 penicillic acid青霉素 penicillin多氧菌素 polyoxin多粘菌素 polymyxin灵菌红素 prodigiosin制反转录酶素 revistin核糖霉素 ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素 rifamycin龟裂杀菌素 rimocidin瑞斯托菌素 ristocetin蔷薇霉素 rosamicin红比霉素 rubidomycin相模霉素 sagamicin盐霉素 salinomycin肉瘤霉素 sarkomycin制唾酸酶素 siastatin紫苏霉素 sisomicin壮观霉素 spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素 spiramycin链霉素 streptomycin链黑菌素 streptonigrin链丝菌素 streptothricin枯草菌素 subtilin杀鱼菌素 teleocidin土霉素 terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素 tetracycline噻烯霉素 thienamycin硫藤黄素 thiolutin妥布拉霉素 tobramycin木霉菌素 trichodermin抗滴虫霉素 trichomycin衣霉素 tunicamycin泰乐菌素 tylosin焦曲菌素 ustin有效霉素 validamycin缬氨霉素 valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素 vancomycin疣孢菌素 verrucarine优胜霉素 victomycin紫霉素 viomycin巴龙霉素 paromomycin遗传转化 genetic transformation供体 donor受体 recipient转化体 transformant感受态 competence光滑型 smooth type粗糙型 rough type无性型 anamorph克隆 clone有性型 teleomorph异源性 heterology同源性 homology转导 transduction局限转导 restricted transduction转染 transfection溶原性转换 lysogenic conversion抗原性漂移 antigenic drift抗原性转变 antigenic shift高频重组 high frequency of recombination, hfr 重组 recombination接合[作用] conjugation重组体 recombinant互补 complementation杂合[现象] heterozygosis重组子 recon接合阶段 zygophase接合 zygosis质粒 plasmid粘粒 cosmid噬粒 phasmid质粒不相容性 plasmid incompatibility相容性 compatibility致育因子 fertility factor性因子 sex factor大肠杆菌素生成因子 colicinogenic factor突变 mutation表型 phenotype环状染色体 ring chromosome基因型 genotype原养型 prototroph原养菌 prototrophic bacteria营养缺陷型 auxotroph多重营养缺陷型 polyauxotroph诱变 mutagenesis诱变剂 mutagen诱发变异 induced variation突变体 mutant渗漏突变体 leaky mutant条件突变株 conditional mutant条件致死 conditional lethal温敏突变株 temperature sensitive mutants半透明型突变噬斑 cococarde噬斑突变株 plaque mutants宿主范围突变株 host range mutant扇形突变 secter mutationh-o 变异 h-o variation弱毒株 low virulent strain减毒株 attenuated strain凝固酶因子 coagulase factor耐药[性决定]因子 resistance determining factor 耐药性转移因子 resistance transfer factor, rtf 抗药性 drug-resistance抗药因子 resistance factor抗药基因 drug resistant gene抗药性菌株 drug resistant strain基因簇 gene cluster复制 replication启动子 promotor操纵子 operon单形现象 monomorphism双态现象 dimorphism多形现象 polymorphism干扰缺损颗粒 defective interfering particle 重分配 redistribution表型混杂 phenotypic mixing基因转移 gene transfer原生质体融合 protoplast fusion趋合子性 zygotaxis向合子性 zygotropism兔化毒 lapinized virus缺损病毒 defective virus[病毒]缺损突变株 defective mutant[流感病毒]o-d相变异 o-d variation病毒基因 virogene[病毒]早期基因 early genes[病毒]晚期基因 late genes微生物生态系统 microbial ecosystem趋化性 chemotaxis趋氧性 aerotaxis趋光性 phototaxis向化性 chemotropism向氧性 oxytropism向光性 phototropism内共生 endosymbiosis捕食作用 predation拮抗作用 antagonism初级合作 protocooperation共生 symbiosis互利共栖 mutualism偏害共栖 amensalism偏利共栖 commensalism互养共栖 syntrophism兢争[共栖] competition寄生 parasitism无关共栖 neutralism卫星现象 satellitism协同共栖 synergism异种克生[现象] allelopathy代谢共栖 metabiosis共生生物 symbiont聚生体 consortium伴生种 companions致坏死寄生物 necroparsite根际微生物 rhizospheric microorganism 叶际微生物 phyllospheric microorganism 悉生生物 gnotobiote腐生现象 saprophytism分解者 decomposer含菌细胞 mycetosome嗜狭高温生物 stenothermophiles广温微生物 eurythermal microorganism 狭温微生物 stenothermal microorganisms 暂居微生物 transient microbe原生演替 primary succession次生演替 secondary succession异养演替 heterotrophic succession自养演替 autotrophic succession顶极群落 climax community菌群 flora区系 flora微生物区系 microflora土著菌群 indigenous flora土著区系 indigenous flora菌群失调 dysbacteriosis水华 blooms生物量 biomass生物质 biomass生物圈 biosphere前发酵 primary fermentation后发酵 secondary fermentation浅盘发酵 shallow tray fermentation深层发酵 submerged fermentation固态发酵 solid state fermentation液态发酵 liquid state fermentation主发酵 main fermentation连续发酵 continuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵 semicontinuous fermentation [罐]批发酵 batch fermentation敞口发酵 open fermentation上面发酵 top fermentation下面发酵 bottom fermentation上面酵母 top yeast下面酵母 bottom yeast阿明露法 amylo process酿造 brewing酿造技术 brewing technique陈酿化 aging发酵罐 fermenter种子罐 seeding tank手动气锁 manual airlock自动气锁 automatic airlock超滤膜 ultrafiltration membrane超滤法 ultrafiltration消泡剂 antifoam agent醋化作用 acetification酸化作用 acidification糖化作用 saccharification糖化剂 sacchariferous agents曲 qu(raw starter)大曲 daqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor) 小曲 xiaoqu(raw starter complex)日本酒曲 koji麸曲 bran koji液体曲 liquid koji起子 starter, culture starter酒母 seeding yeast活性干酵母 active dry yeast单细胞蛋白 single cell protein, scp菌丝球 mycelium pellet活性污泥 activated sludge醪液 mash固定化细胞 immobilized cell共固定化作用 co-immobilization酸败 spoilage平[罐]酸败 flat-sour spoilage平罐酸败菌 flat sour bacteria需氧量 oxygen requirement生物致劣 deterioration微生物传感器 microbial sensor微生物浸矿 microbial leaching微生物杀虫剂 microbial pesticide 病毒杀虫剂 viral pesticide根瘤 root nodule菌根 mycorrhiza根瘤菌剂 nitragin植物杀菌素 phytocidin昆虫病原微生物 entomopathogen [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病 foulbrood固氮菌剂 azotogen亚麻浸渍 flax retting生物防治 biological control沤麻 retting青贮饲料 silage沼气 biogas无菌植物 germ-free plant侵染 infection侵染性 infectivity侵染中心 infectious center侵染剂量 infective dose, id病毒尿症 viruria病毒血症 viremia菌血症 bacteremia食物中毒 food poisoning真菌中毒 mycetism标准血清 standard serum混合分型血清 pooled typing serum抗血清 antiserum抗白喉血清 antidiphtheric serum结核菌素反应 tuberculin reaction卡介苗 bcg vaccine抗毒素 antitoxin旧结核菌素 old tuberculin, ot结核菌素单位 tuberculin unit, tu致热原 pyrogen病原体 pathogen带[病]毒者 carrier带菌者 carrier感染 infection传染 infection原发性感染原 primary invader继发性感染原 secondary invader机会致病菌 opportunistic pathogen条件致病菌 conditioned pathogen正常菌群 normal flora感染性 infectivity感染中心 infectious center攻击力 aggressivity侵袭力 invasiveness皮肤坏死毒素 dermatonecrotoxin毒素 toxin毒力 virulence感染剂量 infective dose, id半感染剂量 infectious dose 50%, id 50半数组织培养感染量 50% tissue culture infective dose, tcid 50 致病性 pathogenicity致细胞病变[效应] cytopathic effect, cpe半数致死量 50% lethal dose, ld 50细菌毒力 bacterial virulence神经毒力 neurovirulence类毒素 toxoid神经毒性 neurotoxicity最小感染量 minimal infecting dose, mid最小抑菌浓度 minimal inhibitory concentration, mic 最小致死量 minimal lethal dose, mld生物制品 biological products鞭毛抗原 flagellar antigen菌体抗原 o antigen[细菌]包被抗原 envelope antigen菌苗 bacterial vaccine疫苗 vaccine活疫苗 live vaccine活菌苗 live bacterial vaccine单价疫苗 univalent vaccine单价菌苗 univalent bacterial vaccine多价菌苗 polyvalent bacterial vaccine多价疫苗 polyvalent vaccine三联疫苗 triple vaccine联合疫苗 combined vaccine亚单位菌苗 subunit bacterial vaccine亚单位疫苗 subunit vaccine兔化法 lapinization减毒作用 attenuation自身疫苗 autovaccine自身菌苗 autovaccine菌苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy化学疗法 chemotherapy疫苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy 疫苗再接种 revaccination再接种 reinoculation自身接种 autoinoculationvi 抗原 vi antigen乙型肝炎核心抗原 hbcag乙型肝炎表面抗原 hbsag扩散因子 spreading factor乙型肝炎e抗原 hbeag溶血[作用] haemolysis[抗菌素的]协同作用 synergism抑菌作用 bacteriostasis杀芽孢剂 sporicide杀病毒剂 virucide抗溶[菌]素 antilysin杀菌剂 germicides消毒剂 disinfectant抑菌剂 bacteriostat抗微生物剂 antimicrobial agent抗菌剂 antibacterial agent抗真菌剂 antifungal agent杀细菌剂 bactericide杀真菌剂 mycocide抑真菌剂 fungistat消毒 disinfection腐败 putrefaction防腐 antisepsis石炭酸系数 phenol coefficient药物敏感性 drug susceptibility防腐剂 antiseptic大肠菌类 coliform group大肠[杆]菌值 colititre大肠[杆]菌指数 coli-index指示菌 indicator显微肥达氏凝集试验 microscopic widal agglutination test敏化细菌 sensitized bacteria无特定病原动物 specific pathogen free animals, spfa无菌动物 germ-free animal硫磺[样]颗粒 sulfur granule显微镜 microscope双目显微镜 binocular microscope倒置显微镜 invert microscope明视野显微镜 bright field microscope暗视野 dark-field暗视野显微镜 dark-field microscope暗视野显微术 dark-field microscopy相差显微镜 phase contrast microscope[分辨]干涉差显微镜differential interference contrast microscope, dicm荧光显微镜 fluorescence microscope电[子显微]镜 electron microscope透射电[子显微]镜 transmission electron microscope, tem扫描电[子显微]镜 scanning electron microscope, sem超薄切片术 ultramicrotomy超薄切片 ultrathin section目镜 ocular物镜 objective透镜 lens补偿目镜 compensative eyepiece消色差透镜 achromatic lens全消色差透镜 apochromatic lens低倍物镜 low power objective高倍物镜 high power objective油浸物镜 oil immersion objective显微镜集光器 microscope condenser镜台测微计 stage micrometer目镜测微计 ocular micrometer显微操作 micromanipulation显微操作器 micromanipulator盖玻片 cover glass载玻片 slide凹玻片 concave slide香柏油 cedar oil涂片 smear悬滴法 hanging drop method热固定 heat fixation镜检 microscopic examination分辨率 resolving power放大率 magnification染色法 staining染色反应 staining reaction负染[色法] negative staining鉴别染色法 differential staining对染[法] counterstaining两极染色 bipolar staining萋-尼染色法 ziehl-neelsen staining method 抗酸细菌染色法 acid-fast staining革兰氏染色 gram staining赖夫松鞭毛染色 leifson's flagella staining 墨汁荚膜染色 india-ink capsule staining阿氏染色 albert's staining麦氏[立克次氏体]染色 macchiavello's staining瑞氏染色 wright's staining富尔根染色 feulgen staining染色剂 stain鲁戈氏碘液 lugol's iodine solution吕氏甲烯蓝 loeffler's methylene blue石炭酸品红 carbol fuchsin孔雀石绿溶液 malachite green solution柯斯特染料 koester's stain培养基 medium营养琼脂 nutrient agar营养肉汤 nutrient broth远藤培养基 endo's medium沙氏葡萄糖琼脂 sabouraud's dextrose agar吕氏血清培养基 loeffler's serum medium伊红甲烯蓝琼脂 emb agar沙门-志贺氏琼脂 salmonella-shigella agar, s.s.agar麦氏培养基 macconkey medium庖肉培养基 cooked meat medium马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 potato dextrose agar, pda豆芽汁培养基 bean sprouts medium[蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium分离培养基 isolation medium鉴别培养基 differential medium富集培养基 enrichment medium基础培养基 basic medium确定成分培养基 defined medium合成培养基 synthetic medium半合成培养基 semisynthetic medium液体培养基 liquid medium半固体培养基 semisolid medium固体培养基 solid medium滋养培养基 enriched medium生化培养基 biochemical medium完全培养基 complete medium干燥培养基 dehydrated medium天然培养基 natural medium选择性培养基 selective medium平板 plate聚硅酸盐平板 polysilicate plate梯度平板 gradient plate补加培养基 supplemented medium琼脂平板 agar plate琼脂 agar肉膏 meat extract牛肉膏 beef extract牛肉汁 beef broth麦芽汁 malt wort酵母汁 yeast water酵母膏 yeast extract paste酵母提取粉 yeast extract powder[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸 casamino acids [蛋白]胨 peptone琼脂斜面 agar slant杜氏发酵管 durham's fermentation tube 传代 transfer of culture分离 isolation划线[分离] streaking稀释平板分离法 dilution-plate method 无菌检查 sterility test无菌 sterile污染 contamination污染物 contaminant菌株 strain接种物 inoculum接种 inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 无菌操作 aseptic technique移种 culture transfering平板接种 plating穿刺 stab平板划线 plate streaking细胞系 cell line细胞株 cell strain培养 cultivation纯化 purification纯性培养 axenic cultivation纯培养 pure cultivation玻片培养 slide cultivation穿刺培养 stab cultivation传代培养 subculturing分部培养[法] fractional cultivation分批培养 batch cultivation滚管培养法 rolling tube cultivation滚管技术 rolling tube technique混合培养 mixed cultivation划线培养 streak cultivation静止培养 static cultivation连续培养 continuous cultivation倾注培养[法] pour plate method平板培养 plate cultivation肉汤培养 broth cultivation深层培养 submerged cultivation双相培养 biphasic cultivation同步培养 synchronous cultivation 透析培养 dialysis cultivation涂布培养法 spread plate method 协同培养 co-cultivation斜面培养 slant cultivation需氧培养 aerobic cultivation厌氧培养 anaerobic cultivation摇合培养 shake cultivation原位培养 in situ cultivation振荡培养 shake cultivation组织培养 tissue culture盲传 blind passage影印培养法 replica plating开放生长系统 open growth system 封闭生长系统 closed growth system 培养物 culture玻片培养物 slide culture穿刺培养物 stab culture传代培养物 subculture纯性培养物 axenic culture纯培养物 pure culture划线培养物 streak culture混合培养物 mixed culture平板培养物 plate culture划线平板 streak plate肉汤培养物 broth culture斜面培养物 slant culture原始培养物 primary culture老培养物 old culture模式培养物 type culture储用培养物 stock culture冻干[保藏]法 lyophilization深低温保藏[法] cryopreservation液氮保藏[法] liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 鉴定 identification灭菌 sterilization灭菌器 sterilizer高压灭菌器 autoclave干热灭菌 dry heat sterilization高压灭菌 autoclaving间歇灭菌法 tyndallization过滤除菌 filtration sterilization连续灭菌 continuous sterilization烧灼灭菌 incineration巴氏消毒法 pasteurization曼德勒尔滤器 mandler filter赛氏[细菌]滤器 seitz filter素陶滤菌器 unglazed porcelain filter薄膜滤器 membrane filter微孔滤器 millipore filter流通蒸汽灭菌器 arnold steam sterilizor弗氏[细胞]压碎器 french cell pressx[细胞]压碎器 x press接种针 inoculating needle接种环 inoculating loop涂布器 spreader超净台 super clean bench接种箱 inoculation hood培养箱 incubator恒浊器 turbidostat恒化器 chemostat烛罐 candle jar厌氧培养室 anaerobic chamber培养皿 petri dish培养瓶 culture flask克氏瓶 kolle flask冯巴赫瓶 fernbach flask稀释法 dilution method生长谱测定[法] auxanography生长谱 auxanogram抗生谱 antibiotic spectrum杯碟法 cylinder plate method牛津杯 oxford cup菌落计数器 bacterial colony counter最大机率法 most probable number method, mpnm 最大机率数 most probable number, mpn效价 titer硝酸盐还原试验 nitrate reduction test明胶液化 gelatine liquefication硫化氢试验 hydrogen sulfide production test石蕊牛奶 litmus milk柯氏氧化酶试剂 kovac's oxidase reagent柯氏试剂 kovac's reagent氧化酶试验 oxidase test吲哚试验 indole test科氏试验 kolmer test甲基红试验 methyl red test伏-波试验 voges-proskauer test吲哚、甲基红、v-p、柠檬酸试验 imvic test蓝氏链球菌分群试验 lancefield's streptococcal grouping test gc值 gc values甲烯蓝还原试验 methylene blue reduction test荚膜膨胀试验 quellung test[马]鼻疽菌素试验 mallein test痘疱试验 pock assay埃姆斯试验 ames test临界杀菌浓度 critical killing dilution中和试验 neutralization test毒素中和试验 toxin neutralization test菌落形成单位 colony forming units, cfu生物测定 bioassay氯化三苯基四氮唑法triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method, ttcm血清学特异性 serological specificity血清学鉴定 serological identification免疫粘连血凝测定immune adherence hemagglutination assay, iaha溶血试验 hemolytic test血细胞凝集 hemagglutination, ha血细胞吸附 hemadsorption, hd血凝抑制 hemagglutination inhibition溶[细]菌反应 bacteriolytic reaction体外 in vitro体内 in vivo。

常用微生物学英语词汇

常用微生物学英语词汇落 secondary colony粗糙型菌落 rough colony光滑型菌落 smooth colony丝状型菌落 filamentous type colony 子菌落 daughter colony深层菌落 deep colony粘液型菌落 mucoid colony巨大菌落 giant colony侏儒型菌落 dwarf colony菌苔 lawn菌胶团 zoogloea菌膜 pellicle[菌]醭 mycoderm, pellicle群游现象 swarming菌柄 stipe[菌体]附器 appendage鞭毛 flagellum周质鞭毛 periplasmic flagella轴丝 axial filament菌毛 pilus性丝 *** pilus外生孢子 exospore内生孢子 endospore芽孢 spore芽孢形成 sporulation终端芽孢 terminal spore近端芽孢 subterminal spore中生芽孢 central spore前芽孢 forespore[芽孢]皮层 cortex芽孢外膜 exitine芽孢内膜 intine外壁 exine伴胞晶体 parasporal crystal菌蜕 ghost鞘 sheath荚膜 capsule粘液层 slime layer微荚膜 microcapsule壁膜间隙 periplasmic space原生质体 protoplast原生质球 spheroplast气泡 gas vacuole甲烷粒体 methanochondria间体 mesosome载色体 chromatophore鞭毛基体 flagellar basal body异染质 volutin异染粒 matachromatic granules致死颗粒 killer particle紫膜 purple membrane噬菌体 bacteriophage无囊盖类 inoperculatae超显微微生物 ultramicroscopic organism 真菌噬菌体 mycophage噬藻体 phycophage烈性噬菌体 virulent phage温和噬菌体 temperate phage前原噬菌体 preprophage原噬菌体 prophage隐性前噬菌体 cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体 vegetative phage载体噬菌体 carrier phageλ噬菌体 lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体 inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体 homoimmune phage噬菌体分型 bacteriophage typing噬菌体型 phagetype噬菌体变型 phagevar噬斑 plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部 polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘 polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛 fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须 whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白 pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原 fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体 apex[噬菌体]基片插孔 base-plate hub[噬菌体]基片丝 base-plate fibril[噬菌体]基片楔突 base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体 concatemer[噬菌体]颈部 collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒 apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝 tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体 monster[噬菌体]颈圈 connector[噬菌体]髓部 core[噬菌体]头部 head[噬菌体]尾部 tail[噬菌体]尾管 tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘 tail sheath类病毒 viroid病毒 virus真病毒 euvirus亚病毒 subvirus原病毒 provirus拟病毒 virusoid卫星病毒 satellite virus假型病毒 pseudotype virus慢病毒 slow virus辅助病毒 helper virus过客病毒 passenger virus多分体病毒 multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒 entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒 granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒 polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒 nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV 质型多角体病毒 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV多粒包埋型病毒 multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒 singly embedded virus伴随病毒 associated virus浓核病毒 densovirus,DNV内源病毒 endogenous virus潜伏病毒 latent virus肠道病毒 enterovirus艾柯病毒 ECHO virus虫媒病毒 arbovirus腺病毒 adenovirus腺伴随病毒 adeno associated virus真菌病毒 mycovirus肿瘤病毒 oncovirus逆[转]录病毒 retro virus坏死病毒 necrosis virus虹彩病毒 irido virus泛嗜性病毒 pantropic virus毒株 strain原[生小]体 elementary body包含体 inclusion body顾氏小体 Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体 Negri's body病毒[粒]体 virion裸露病毒[粒]体 naked virion假病毒体 pseudovirion立体对称 cubical symmetry二十面体对称 icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称 helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体 pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体 hexonmer,hexons复合对称 complex symmetry包膜突起 peplomerbody包膜 envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜 protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原 envelope antigen[病毒]壳体 capsid[病毒]壳粒 capsomer, capsomere二十面[体]壳体 icosahedron capsid核心 core核壳 nucleocapsid病毒原质体 viroplasma病毒束 virus bundle多角体 polyhedron多角体蛋白 polyhedrin颗粒体 granule颗粒体蛋白 granulin类核 nucleoid内含颗粒 inclusion granuleX体 X-body[病毒]早期蛋白 early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白 late protein负链 negative strand正链 positive strand复制子 replicon病毒发生基质 virogenic stroma衣原体 chlamydia[衣原体]始体 initial body立克次氏体 rickettsia假肽聚糖 pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖 peptidoglycan磷壁酸 teichoic acid胞壁酸 muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸 dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类 lipopolysaccharides多糖包被 glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白 flagellin菌毛蛋白 pilin杀白细胞素 leucocidin豆血红蛋白 leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白 phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白 phycocyanin藻红蛋白 phycoerythrin藻青素 cyanophycin藻蓝素 algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素 phycobilin藻红[胆]素 phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素 phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒 cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素 allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素 carotenoids细菌淀粉粒 granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐 poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白 staphylococcal protein A, SPA 纯化蛋白衍生物 purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶 staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶 permease胞内酶 intracellular enzyme胞外酶 extracellular enzyme果胶酶 pectinase逆[转]录酶 reverse transcriptase凝固酶 coagulase受体破坏酶 receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 透明质酸酶 hyaluronidase纤维素酶 cellulase链道酶 streptodornase,SD链激酶 streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶 neuraminidase青霉素酶 penicillinase溶菌酶 lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质 bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素 bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素 bacteriochlorophyll自溶素 autolysin亲菌素 bacteriotropin攻击素 aggressin抑殖素 ablastin粘附素 adhesin菌红素 bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素 prodigiosus toxin细菌素 bacteriocin麻风菌素 lepromin葡萄球菌素 staphylococcin伞菌氨酸 agarfitine苏云金菌素 thuricin肠球菌素 enterococcin布氏菌素 brucellin大肠菌素 colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素 syringacin黄色粘球菌素 xanthacin链球菌素 streptocin流产菌素 abortin绿脓[菌]素 pyocyanin红假单胞菌素 rhodopseudomonacin绿脓菌荧光素 pyofluorescein白喉毒素 diphtheria toxin杯伞素 clitocybine白细胞溶素 leucolysin表皮溶解毒素 epidermolytic toxin产气荚膜梭菌素 perfringocin肠毒素 enterotoxin毒蝇碱 muscarine肺炎球菌毒素 pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽 phalloidin根霉蝶呤 rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素 pneumolysin黑粉菌酸 ustilagic acid分枝菌酸 mycolic acid齿孔酸 eburicoic acid根霉促进素 rhizopin蘑菇素 agaricin蘑菇酸 agaricinic acid红斑毒素 erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素 aflatoxin菌丝酰胺 mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素 pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素 staphylolysin真菌毒素 mycotoxin曲霉毒素 aspertoxin赭曲毒素 ochratoxin曲酸 kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素 tetanospasmin溶葡萄球菌素 lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素 tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶 fibrinolysin溶血素 hemolysin鼠疫菌素 pesticin神经毒素 neurotoxin杀[细]菌素 bactericidin外毒素 exotoxin内毒素 endotoxin细菌毒素 bacteriotoxin血凝素 hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素 sterigmatocystin毒植物素 phytotoxin真菌醇 mykol链球菌溶血素 streptolysin剥脱性毒素 exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素 bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素 geosmins土壤杆菌素 agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化 bioconversion生长因子 growth factor420 因子 factor 420V 因子 V factorX 因子 X factor微生物学 microbiology病毒学 virology噬菌体学 bacteriophagology细菌学 bacteriology鉴定细菌学 determinative bacteriology系统细菌学 systematic bacteriology真菌学 mycology原生生物学 protistology原生动物学 protozoology普通微生物学 general microbilogy微生物分类学 microbial taxonomy微生物生理学 microbial physiology微生物生物化学 microbial biochemistry微生物遗传学 microbial genetics微生物生态学 microbial ecology古微生物学 paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学 soil microbiology水生微生物学 aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学 marine microbiology悉生生物学 gnotobiology医学微生物学 medical microbiology兽医微生物学 veterinary microbiology农业微生物学 agricultural microbiology工业微生物学 industrial microbiology石油微生物学 petroleum microbiology食品微生物学 food microbiology乳品微生物学 diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学 rumen microbiology诊断微生物学 diagnostic microbiology病原学 etiology国际微生物学会联合会 International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会 Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会 World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所 American Type Culture Collection, ATCC自然发生说，无生源说 spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界 urkingdom始祖生物 progenote古始生物界 archetista古细菌 archaebacteria原生生物 protista原生动物 protozoan原生植物 protophyte真核生物 eukaryote原核生物 prokaryote裂殖植物 schizophyte微生物 microorganism数值分类法 numerical taxonomy模式目 type order模式科 type family模式属 type genus模式种 type species模式株 type strain真菌 fungi捕食真菌 predacious fungi虫道真菌 ambrosia fungi地下真菌 hypogeal fungi虫生真菌 entomogenous fungi菌根真菌 mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌 wood-decay fungi霉菌 mold, mould半知菌 imperfect fungi子囊菌 ascomycetes粘菌 slime mold, slime mould壶菌 chytrid卵菌 oomycetes接合菌 zygomycetes担子菌 basidiomycetes核菌 pyrenomycetes盘菌 cup fungi块菌 truffles锈菌 rust fungi蘑菇 mushrooms毒蘑菇 poisonous mushroom酵母菌 yeast无孢子酵母菌 asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌 sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌 smut fungi双态性真菌 dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌 ectothrix毛内癣菌 endothrix完全真菌 perfect fungi黑粉病 smut disease锈病 rust disease菌丝 hypha菌髓 trama假菌丝体 pseudomycelium气生菌丝体 aerial mycelium基内菌丝体 substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体 racquet mycelium结节状菌丝 nodular mycelium梳状菌丝 pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝 spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝 stolon次生菌丝体 secondary mycelium有隔菌丝 septate hypha无隔菌丝 nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体 reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体 vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体 sterile mycelium菌丝体 mycelium黄癣菌丝 favic chandelier mycelium产囊丝 ascogenous hypha产囊体 ascogonium原植体 thallus粘菌体 aethalium合胞体 syncytium虫菌体 hyphal body盾状体 clypeus子实体 fruiting body产孢体 gleba子实层体 hymenophore子实层 hymenium子实下层 subhymenium菌丝层 subiculum菌丝段 hyphal fragment菌丝束 coremium菌丝索 funiculus菌核 sclerotium器菌核 pycnosclerotium菌环 annulus菌裙 indusium菌盖 pileus顶体 apicle藏卵器 oogonium雄器 antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器 pycnium 锈子器 aecium精子器 spermogonium囊状体 cystidium粉孢子梗 oidiophore小梗 sterigma接合孢子柄 zygosporophore孢囊柄 sporangiophore配囊柄 suspensor孢子梗 sporophore分生孢子梗 conidiophore雄器柄 androphore帚状枝 penicillus瓶梗 phialide梗基 metulae芽孔 germ pore芽管 germ tube芽缝 germ slit孢丝 capillitium周丝 periphysis类周丝 periphysoid侧丝 paraphysis拟侧丝 pseudoparaphysis类侧丝 paraphysoid[孢子]外壁 exosporium外生菌根 ectomycorrhiza内生菌根 endomycorrhiza内外生菌根 ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根 vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突 spike弹丝 elater刚毛 seta微体 microbody泡囊 vesicle隔膜 septum假隔膜 pseudoseptum分生孢子盘 acervulus分生孢子座 sporodochium精子团 spermatium囊基膜 hypothallus囊层基 hypothecium囊层被 epithecium囊间丝 hamathecium囊托 apophysis囊领 collarette囊轴 columella孔口 ostiole菌托 volva孢子角 cirrus孢子球 spore ball孢子印 spore print聚簇 cluster[菌丝]融合 anastomosis[孢子]切落 abjunction[孢子]缢断 abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子 oidium孢子 spore掷孢子 ballistospore厚壁孢子 chlamydospore环痕孢子 annellospore节孢子 arthrospore卷旋孢子 helicospore腊肠形孢子 allantospore。

医学微生物学英语词汇

AAbortive infection 顿挫感染* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染* Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,AVP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡* Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属* Binary fission 二分裂汉赛巴尔通体* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病) * Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属* Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病* 肉毒梭菌艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁* Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素* Chronic infection 慢性感染空肠弯曲菌* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* 产气荚膜梭菌* 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* 破伤风梭菌* 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌E产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB病毒核抗原* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus HCMV 人巨细胞病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6,HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7，HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8,HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝IIatrogenic infection 医源性感染* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体* Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列* Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病L* Latent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜问号状钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌* Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1* Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant ,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学* Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌* 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素* 淋病奈瑟菌* 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌* Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白P铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺炎* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌*Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcr!ptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落普氏立克次体恙虫病东方体斑疹伤寒立克次体* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病* 鲍氏志贺菌* 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛* 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素希氏沙门菌* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落* A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞肖氏沙门菌* 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素OStreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素S* 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科* Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-I * Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero毒素* Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病。

微生物学英文单词材料

Microorganism/Microbe微生物微生物学MicrobiologyPasteur 巴斯德细菌Bacteria古生菌（Archaea)细菌(Bacteria)真核生物(Eukaryotes)真核微生物Eukaryotic microorganisms 病毒（Virus）球菌coccus杆菌bacillus螺旋菌spirilla革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram positive bacteria) 革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram negative bacteria) Actinomycetes(放线菌)Yeast(酵母菌)Molds(霉菌)Culture dish/Petri dish(平皿)Shake Flask （三角瓶）Fermentor（发酵罐）菌落 colony平板plateInoculation （接种）Luise Pasteur（巴斯德）Robert Koch（柯赫）Cell wall(细胞壁)Cytoplasmic membrane细胞质膜Cytoplasm（细胞质）蓝细菌CyanobacteriaNuclear region(核区）Inclusion body(内含物)Glycocalyx(糖被）Flagella (鞭毛)Spore (芽孢)Pili(性毛)Fimbria(菌毛)Gram stain （革兰氏染色）脂多糖 (LPS)球状体（sphaeroplast）原生质体（protoplast）支原体（mycoplasma）Cytoplasmic membrane Cytoplasm贮藏物（Reserve materials）核糖体（Ribosome）质粒（plasmid）芽孢（Spore）鞭毛（Flagella）Fungi（真菌）菌丝体mycelium类病毒（Viroid）朊病毒(prion)噬菌体p h a g e病毒v i r u sNutrition(营养)Nutrient(营养物)Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源）Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子）Water（水分）Energy source（能源）Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源)Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子)Energy source（能源）Culture medium培养基呼吸respiration无氧呼吸anaerobic respiration发酵fermentation连续培养 continuous culture分批培养batch culture生长曲线growth curve纯培养(Pure culture)灭菌（sterilization）消毒（disinfection）抗生素antibiotics转化transformation转导transduction接合conjugation,mating诱变剂mutagen基因突变 gene mutation营养缺陷型auxotroph原养型prototroph野生型wild type菌种 culture或stock culture菌种保藏 preservation 或conservation或者maintenance疫苗vaccine防腐（antisepsis）化疗(chemotherapy) 艾姆斯试验法Ames test基因工程 Gene Engineering试熟记以下最基本的微生物学名：（1）细菌Bacillus subtilis[枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis（苏云金芽孢杆菌）E.coli [大肠（埃希氏）杆菌]，Rhizobium（根瘤菌）Staphalococcus aureus（金黄色葡萄球菌）（2）放线菌Actinomyces 放线菌Streptomyces griseus（灰色链霉菌）。

微生物常用单词

microbial [mai'krəubiəl]Adj.of or involving or caused by or being microbesadj. 微生物的；由细菌引起的metabolism [mi'tæbəlizəm, me-]n.1. the marked and rapid ransformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals2. the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for lifen. [生理] 新陈代谢crossroad ['krɔ:s,rəud]n.a junction where one street or road crosses anothern. 十字路口；交叉路；岔道；重大的抉择关头systematic [,sisti'mætik]adj.1. characterized by order and planningthe investigation was very systematic a systematic administrator2. not haphazardadj. 系统的；体系的；有系统的maximize ['mæksimaiz]v.1. make as big or large as possible2. make the most ofHe maximized his rolevt. 取…最大值；对…极为重视vi. 尽可能广义地解释；达到最大值nutrient ['nju:triənt]n.any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue adj.of or providing nourishmentn. 营养物；滋养物adj. 营养的；滋养的enzyme ['enzaim]n.any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactionsn. [生化] 酶elaborate [i'læbərət, i'læbəreit]v.1. add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing2. produce from basic elements or sources; change into a more developed product3. make more complex, intricate, or richer4. work out in detail elaborate a planadj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物）vi. 详细描述；变复杂pathway ['pɑ:θwei, 'pæθ-]n.1. a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain2. a trodden pathn. 路，道；途径，路径catalyze ['kætəlaiz]v.change by catalysis or cause to catalyzevt. 催化；刺激，促进reactant [ri'æktənt, ri:-]n.a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reactionn. [化学] 反应物；反应剂substrate ['sʌbstreit]n.1. the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment2. a surface on which an organism grows or is attachedthe gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants3. any stratum or layer lying underneath anothern. 基质；基片；底层（等于substratum）；酶作用物linear ['liniə]adj.1. designating or involving an equation whose terms are of the first degree2. of or in or along or relating to a line; involving a single dimensiona linear measurement3. of a circuit or device having an output that is proportional to the inputlinear amplifier4. of a leaf shape; long and narrow5. measured lengthwiseadj. 线的，线型的；直线的，线状的；长度的cyclic ['saiklik]adj.1. conforming to the Carnot cycle2. botany; forming a whorl or having parts arranged in a whorlcyclic petals cyclic flowers3. of a compound having atoms arranged in a ring structure4. recurring in cycles5. marked by repeated cyclesadj. 环的；循环的；周期的molecule ['mɔlikjul]n.1. (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound2. (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anythingn. [化学] 分子；微小颗粒，微粒regenerate [ri'dʒenəreit, ri:-]v.1. reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new2. amplify (an electron current) by causing part of the power in the output circuit to act upon the input circuit3. bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one4. return to life; get or give new life or energy5. replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue6. be formed or shaped anew7. form or produce anewregenerate hatred8. undergo regeneration9. restore strengthadj.reformed spiritually or morallya regenerate sinner regenerate byredemption from error or decayvt. 使再生；革新vi. 再生；革新adj. 再生的；革新的initiate [i'niʃieit, i'niʃiət, -eit]n.1. someone new to a field or activity2. someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field3. people who have been introduced to the mysteries of some field or activityv.1. bring into being2. take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of3. accept young people into society, usually with some rite4. bring up a topic for discussion5. prepare the way forvt. 开始，创始；发起；使初步了解n. 开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者adj. 新加入的；接受初步知识的[ 过去式initiated 过去分词initiated 现在分词initiating ]merge [mə:dʒ]v.1. become one2. mix together different elements3. join or combinevt. 合并；使合并；吞没vi. 合并；融合[ 过去式merged 过去分词merged 现在分词merging ]pacemaker ['peis,meikə]n.1. a leading instance in its field2. a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat3. an implanted electronic device that takes over the function of the natural cardiac pacemaker4. a horse used to set the pace in racingn. [基医] 起搏器；领跑者；标兵progression [prəu'ɡreʃən]n.1. a series with a definite pattern of advance2. a movement forward3. the act of moving forward toward a goaln. 前进；连续fundamental [,fʌndə'mentəl]n.the lowest tone of a harmonic seriesadj.1. serving as an essential component an example that was fundamental to the argument computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure2. being or involving basic facts or principlesthe fundamental laws of the universe a fundamental incomatibility between them3. far-reaching and thoroughgoing in effect especially on the nature of somethingadj. 基本的，根本的n. 基本原理；基本原则[ 比较级more fundamental 最高级most fundamental ]inhibiten. 缓蚀剂activate ['æktiveit]v.1. put in motion or move to act2. make active or more activeactivate an old file3. make more adsorptiveactivate a metal4. aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter5. make (substances) radioactivevt. 刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性vi. 激活；有活力[ 过去式activated 过去分词activated 现在分词activating ]tune [tju:n, tu:n]n.1. a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence2. the property of producing accurately a note of a given pitchhe cannot sing in tune the clarinet was out of tune3. the adjustment of a radio receiver or other circuit to a required frequencyv.1. adjust for (better) functioningtune the engine2. adjust the pitches of (musical instruments)n. 曲调；和谐；心情vt. 调整；使一致；为…调音vi. [电子][通信] 调谐；协调[ 过去式tuned 过去分词tuned 现在分词tuninginhibition [,inhi'biʃən]n.1. (psychology) the conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or desires2. the quality of being inhibited3. (physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent thefunctioning of an organ or partthe inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve4. the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof)a medical inhibition of alcoholic beveragesn. 抑制；压抑；禁止mimic ['mimik]n.someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)v.imitate (a person or manner), especially for satirical effectadj.constituting an imitationthe mimic warfare of the opera stagevt. 模仿，摹拟n. 效颦者，模仿者；仿制品；小丑adj. 模仿的，模拟的；假装的[ 过去式mimicked 过去分词mimicked 现在分词mimicking ]output ['autput, ,aut'put]n.1. final product; the things produced2. production of a certain amount3. signal that comes out of an electronic system4. the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)5. what is produced in a given time periodv.to create or manufacture a specific amountn. 输出，输出量；产量；出产vt. 输出[ 过去式outputted或output 过去分词outputted或output 现在分词outputting ] mechanism ['mekənizəm]n.1. the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction2. the technical aspects of doing something3. a natural object resembling a machine in structure or function4. (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes5. device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function n. 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧mode [məud]n.1. how something is done or how it happenstheir nomadic mode of existence2. a particular functioning condition or arrangement3. a classification of propositions on the basis of whether they claim necessity or possibility or impossibility4. verb inflections that express how5. any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave6. the most frequent value of a random variablen. 模式；方式；风格；时尚feedback ['fi:dbæk]n.1. the process in which part of theoutput of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output2. response to an inquiry or experimentn. 反馈；成果，资料；回复stimulate ['stimjuleit]v.1. act as a stimulant2. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner3. stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of4. cause to be alert and energetic5. cause to occur rapidlyvt. 刺激；鼓舞，激励vi. 起刺激作用；起促进作用[ 过去式stimulated 过去分词stimulated 现在分词stimulating ]appliance [ə'plaiəns]n.1. a device or control that is very useful for a particular job2. durable goods for home or office usen. 器具；器械；装置[ 过去式applianced 过去分词applianced 现在分词appliancing ]furnace ['fə:nis]n.an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.n. 火炉，熔炉[ 过去式furnaced 过去分词furnaced 现在分词furnacing ].device [di'vais]n.1. an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose2. something in an artistic work designed to achieve a particular effect3. any clever maneuver4. any ornamental pattern or design (as in embroidery)5. an emblematic design (especially in heraldry)n. 装置；策略；图案sensor ['sensə, -sɔ:]n.any device that receives a signal or stimulus (as heat or pressure or light or motion etc.) and responds to it in a distinctive mannern. 传感器thermostat['θə:məustæt]n.a regulator for automatically regulating temperature by starting or stopping the supply of heatv.control the temperature with a thermostatn. 恒温器；自动调温器vt. 为…配备恒温器；用恒温器控制[ 过去式thermostatted或-stated 过去分词thermostatted或-stated 现在分词thermostatting或-stating ].subsequent ['sʌbsikwənt]adj.following in time or ordersubsequent developmentsadj. 后来的，随后的scant [skænt]v.1. work hastily or carelessly; deal with inadequately and superficially2. limit in quality or quantity3. supply sparingly and with restricted quantitiesadj. 不足的；缺乏的；勉强够的vt. 减少；节省；限制[ 比较级scanter 最高级scantest ]sufficient [sə'fiʃənt]adj.of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundantsufficient foodadj. 足够的；充分的globular ['ɡlɔbjulə]adj.having the shape of a sphere or ball little globular houses like mud-wasp nestsadj. 球状的；由小球形成的；闻名世界的protein ['prəuti:n, -ti:in]n.any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumesa diet high in proteinn. 蛋白质；朊adj. 蛋白质的bulky ['bʌlki]adj.of large size for its weightadj. 体积大的；庞大的；笨重的[ 比较级bulkier 最高级bulkiest ]numerous ['nju:mərəs]adj.amounting to a large indefinite numbernumerous times the family was numerousadj. 许多的，很多的[ 比较级more numerous 最高级most numerous ]intermediary [,intə'mi:diəri]n.a negotiator who acts as a link between partiesadj. 中间的；媒介的；中途的n. 中间人；仲裁者；调解者；媒介物[ 复数intermediaries ]anabolic [,ænə'bɔlik]adj.1. of or related to the synthetic phase of metabolism2. characterized by or promoting constructive metabolismadj. 合成代谢的；同化的biosynthesis [,baiəu:'sinθisis]n.production of a chemical compound by a living organismn. 生物合成[ 复数biosyntheses ]catabolic [,kætə'bɔlik]adj.1. relating to or characterized by catabolism2. characterized by destructive metabolismadj. 分解代谢的；异化的dismantling[dis'mæntliŋ]n.the act of taking something apart (as a piece of machinery)n. 解散；（枪支）分解v. 拆除；废除（dismantle的ing形式）virtually ['və:tʃuəli]adv.1. in essence or effect but not in fact the strike virtually paralyzed the city I'm virtually broke2. (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished virtually all the parties signed the contractadv. 事实上，几乎；实质上regulatory ['reɡjulətəri]adj.restricting according to rules or principlesadj. 管理的；控制的；调整的shift [ʃift]n.1. an event in which something is displaced without rotation2. a qualitative change3. the time period during which you are at work4. the act of changing one thing or position for another5. the act of moving from one place to anotherhis constant shifting disrupted the class6. (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other7. a crew of workers who work for a specific period of time8. the key on the typewriter keyboard that shifts from lower-case letters to upper-case letters9. a woman's sleeveless undergarment10. a loose-fitting dress hanging straight from the shoulders without a waistv.1. make a shift in or exchange of2. change place or direction3. move around4. move very slightly5. move from one setting or context to another6. change in quality7. move and exchange for another8. move sideways or in an unsteady way9. move abruptly10. use a shift key on a keyboard11. change phonetically as part of a systematic historical change12. change gears13. lay aside, abandon, or leave for anothern. 移动；变化；手段；轮班vi. 移动；转变；转换vt. 转移；改变；替换quaternary [kwə'tə:nəri]n.1. last 2 million years2. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and oneadj.1. consisting of or especially arranged in sets of four2. coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitudethe quaternary period of geologic time extends from the end of the tertiary period to the presentadj. [数] 四进制的；四个一组的n. 四；四个一组[ 复数quaternaries ]entrance ['entrəns]n.1. something that provides access (to get in or get out)2. a movement into or inward3. the act of enteringv.1. attract; cause to be enamored2. put into a trancen. 入口；进入vt. 使出神，使入迷[ 过去式entranced 过去分词entranced 现在分词entrancing ]insert [in'sə:t, 'insə:t]n.1. a folded section placed between the leaves of another publication2. an artifact that is inserted or is to be inserted3. (broadcasting) a local announcement inserted into a network program4. (film) a still picture that is introduced and that interrupts the action of a filmv.1. put or introduce into something2. introduce3. fit snugly into4. insert casuallyvt. 插入；嵌入n. 插入物attachment [ə'tætʃmənt]n.1. a feeling of affection for a person or an institution2. a supplementary part or accessory3. a writ authorizing the seizure of property that may be needed for the payment of a judgment in a judicial proceeding4. a connection that fastens things together5. faithful support for a religion or cause or political party6. the act of attaching or affixing something7. the act of fastening things togethern. 附件；依恋；连接物；扣押财产polypeptide [,pɔli'peptaid]n.a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acidsn. [生化] 多肽，缩多氨酸quaternary [kwə'tə:nəri]n.1. last 2 million years2. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and oneadj.1. consisting of or especially arranged in sets of four2. coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitudeadj. [数] 四进制的；四个一组的n. 四；四个一组[ 复数quaternaries ]distorted [dis'tɔ:tid]adj.1. strained or wrenched out of normal shape2. so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly3. having an intended meaning altered or misrepresentedadj. 歪曲的；受到曲解的v. 扭曲（distort的过去式和过去分词）denature [di:'neitʃə]v.1. add nonfissionable material to (fissionable material) so as to make unsuitable for use in an atomic bomb2. modify (as a native protein) especially by heat, acid, alkali, or ultraviolet radiation so that all of the original properties are removed or diminished3. make (alcohol) unfit for drinking without impairing usefulness for other purposesvt. 使…失去人性；改变…的性质vi. 变性[ 过去式denatured 过去分词denatured 现在分词denaturing ]reversible [ri'və:səbl]n.a garment (especially a coat) that can be worn inside out (with either side of the cloth showing)adj.1. capable of reversing or being reversed2. capable of being reversed or used with either side out3. capable of being reversed4. capable of assuming or producing either of two statesadj. 可逆的；可撤消的；可反转的n. 双面布料synthesis['sinθisis]n.1. the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)2. the combination of ideas into a complex whole3. reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)n. 综合，[化学] 合成；综合体[ 复数syntheses ]scheme [ski:m]n.1. an elaborate and systematic plan of action2. a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery3. a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole4. an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world5. a schematic or preliminary planv.1. form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner2. devise a system or form a scheme forn. 计划；组合；体制；诡计vi. 搞阴谋；拟订计划vt. 计划；策划[ 过去式schemed 过去分词schemed 现在分词scheming ]excess [ik'ses, 'ek-, 'ekses, ik's-]n.1. a quantity much larger than is needed2. immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits3. the state of being more than full4. excessive indulgenceadj.more than is needed, desired, or requiredn. 超过，超额；过度，过量；无节制adj. 额外的，过量的；附加的[ 复数excesses ]apparatus [,æpə'reitəs]n.1. equipment designed to serve a specific function2. (anatomy) a group of body parts that work together to perform a given functionthe breathing apparatusn. 装置，设备；仪器；器官[ 复数apparatus或apparattuses ]endure [in'djuə]v.1. put up with something or somebody unpleasant2. face or endure with courage3. continue to live; endure or last4. undergo or be subjected to5. last and be usable6. persist for a specified period of time7. continue to existvt. 忍耐；容忍vi. 忍耐；持续[ 过去式endured 过去分词endured 现在分词enduring ]inverse ['invə:s, in'v-, in'və:s]n.something inverted in sequence or character or effectwhen the direct approach failed he tried the inverseadj.1. reversed (turned backward) in order or nature or effect2. opposite in nature or effect or relation to another quantityn. 相反；倒转adj. 相反的；倒转的vt. 使倒转；使颠倒repression [ri'preʃən]n.1. a state of forcible subjugation2. (psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious3. the act of repressing; control by holding downn. 抑制，[心理] 压抑；镇压inductionn.1. a formal entry into an organization or position or office2. an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current3. reasoning from detailed facts to general principles4. stimulation that calls up (draws forth) a particular class of behaviors5. the act of bringing about something (especially at an early time)6. an act that sets in motion some course of eventsn. [电磁] 感应；归纳法；感应现象；入门培训，入职仪式strain [strein]n.1. (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces2. difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension3. a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence4. (psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress5. a special variety of domesticated animals within a species6. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups7. a lineage or race of people8. injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain9. the general meaning or substance of an utterance10. an effortful attempt to attain a goal11. an intense or violent exertion12. the act of singingv.1. to exert much effort or energy2. test the limits of3. use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity4. separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements5. cause to be tense and uneasy or nervous or anxious6. become stretched or tense or taughtthe rope strained when the weight was attached7. remove by passing through a filter8. rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender9. alter the shape of (something) by stressn. 张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘vi. 拉紧；尽力vt. 拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力inoculate [i'nɔkjuleit]v.1. introduce an idea or attitude into the mind of2. introduce a microorganism into3. perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation4. insert a bud for propagation5. impregnate with the virus or germ of a disease in order to render immunevt. [医] 接种；嫁接；灌输[ 过去式inoculated 过去分词inoculated 现在分词inoculating ]lactose ['læktəus]n.a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milkn. [有化] 乳糖hydrolyze ['haidrəlaiz]v.undergo hydrolysis; decompose by reacting with watervi. 水解vt. 使水解[ 过去式hydrolyzed 过去分词hydrolyzed 现在分词hydrolyzing ]glucose ['ɡlu:kəus]n.a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energyn. 葡萄糖；葡糖（等于dextrose）galactose [ɡə'læktəus]n.a simple sugar found in lactosen. [有化] 半乳糖lactase ['lækteis]n.any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactosen. 乳糖分解酵素encompass [in'kʌmpəs]v.include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territoryvt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成degrade ['di'ɡreid]v.1. reduce the level of land, as by erosion2. reduce in worth or character, usually verbally3. lower the grade of something; reduce its worthvt. 贬低；使……丢脸；使……降级；使……降解vi. 降级，降低；退化[ 过去式degraded 过去分词degraded 现在分词degrading ]utilize ['ju:tilaiz]v.1. put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose2. convert (from an investment trust to a unit trust)vt. 利用[ 过去式utilized 过去分词utilized 现在分词utilizing ]cofactor [kəu'fæktə]n.a substance (as a coenzyme) that must join with another to produce a given resultn. [生化] 辅因子osmotic [ɔz'mɔtik, ɔs-]adj.of or relating to osmosisadj. 渗透性的，渗透的pursuit [pə'sju:t]n.1. the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture2. a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria3. an auxiliary activity4. a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作utilization [,ju:tilai'zeiʃən, -li'z-]n.1. the act of using2. the state of having been made use ofn. 利用，使用capacity [kə'pæsəti]n.1. ability to perform or produce2. the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment3. the amount that can be contained4. the maximum production possible5. a specified function6. (computer science) the amount of information (in bytes) that can be stored on a disk drive7. an electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored8. the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior9. tolerance for alcoholn. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力[ 复数capacities ]array [ə'rei]n.1. an orderly arrangement2. an impressive display3. especially fine or decorative clothing4. an arrangement of aerials spaced to give desired directional characteristicsv.1. lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line2. align oneself with a group or a way of thinkingn. 数组，阵列；排列，列阵；大批，一系列；衣服vt. 排列，部署；打扮expenditure [iks'penditʃə]n.1. money paid out2. the act of spending money for goods or services3. the act of consuming somethingn. 支出，花费；经费，消费额usable ['ju:zəbl]adj.1. capable of being put to use2. fit or ready for use or service3. convenient for use or disposaladj. 可用的；合用的（等于useable）thermal ['θə:məl]n.rising current of warm airadj.1. relating to or associated with heat2. of or relating to a hot spring3. caused by or designed to retain heatmotion ['məuʃən]n.1. a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something2. the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals3. a change of position that does not entail a change of location4. a state of change5. a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote6. the act of changing location from one place to another7. an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving objectv.show, express or direct through movementn. 动作；移动；手势；请求；意向vi. 运动；打手势vt. 运动；向…打手势radiant ['reidiənt]adj.radiating or as if radiating lightadj. 辐射的；容光焕发的；光芒四射的n. 光点；发光的物体electron [i'lektrɔn]n.an elementary particle with negative chargen. 电子atomic [ə'tɔmik]adj.1. of or relating to or comprising atoms2. (weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy3. immeasurably smalladj. 原子的，原子能的；微粒子的atom ['ætəm]n.1. (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element2. (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anythingn. 原子nucleus ['nju:kliəs]n.1. a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction2. the positively charged dense center of an atom3. a small group of indispensable persons or things4. (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail5. any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cordn. 核，核心；原子核[ 复数nucleuses或nuclei ]fragile ['frædʒail]adj.1. easily broken or damaged or destroyed2. vulnerably delicate3. lacking solidity or strength and liable to breakadj. 脆的；易碎的transaction [træn'zækʃən, -'sæk-, trɑ:n-]n.the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities)no transactions are possible without himn. 交易；事务；办理；会报，学报oxidation [,ɔksi'deiʃən]n.the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reductionn. [化学] 氧化redox ['ri:dɔks]n.a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reductionn. 氧化还原反应；[化学] 氧化还原剂ion ['aiən]n.a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electronsn. [化学] 离子。

微生物学英文单词材料

医学学科英语词汇

医学学科英语词汇以下是带来的医学学科英语词汇，一起来看看吧。

应用生物学 Applied Biology医学技术 Medical Technology细胞生物学 Cell Biology医学 Medicine生物学 Biology护理麻醉学 Nurse Anesthesia进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology口腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋生物学 Marine Biology口腔/牙科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences微生物学 Microbiology骨科医学 Osteopathic Medicine分子生物学 Molecular Biology耳科学 Otology医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology理疗学 Physical Therapy口腔生物学 Oral Biology足病医学 Podiatric Medicine寄生物学 Parasutology眼科学 Ophthalmology植物生物学 Plant Physiology预防医学 Preventive Medicine心理生物学 Psychobiology放射学 Radiology放射生物学 Radiation Biology康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling 理论生物学 Theoretical Biology康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing野生生物学 Wildlife Biology外科护理学 Surgical Nursing环境生物学 Environmental Biology治疗学 Therapeutics运动生物学 Exercise Physiology畸形学 Teratology有机体生物学 Organismal Biology兽医学 Veterinary Sciences生物统计学 Biometrics牙科卫生学 Dental Sciences生物物理学 Biophysics牙科科学 Dentistry生物心理学 Biopsychology皮肤学 Dermatology生物统计学 Biostatistics内分泌学 Endocrinology生物工艺学 Biotechnology遗传学 Geics生物化学 Biological Chemistry解剖学 Anatomy生物工程学 Biological Engineering麻醉学 Anesthesia生物数学 Biomathematics临床科学 Clinical Science生物医学科学 Biomedical Science临床心理学 Clinical Psychology细胞生物学和分子生物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology。

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微生物学英语词汇(1)微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agricultural microbiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy 模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease锈病rust disease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝ascogenous hypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis [孢子]切落abjunction[孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism 缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子oidium孢子spore掷孢子ballistospore厚壁孢子chlamydospore环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium 小分生孢子microconidium 节分生孢子arthroconidium 芽分生孢子blastoconidium 器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium 担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore锈孢子aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium 子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus 单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp[接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium 原配子囊progametangium 小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection 偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation交配型mating type全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成sporulation细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria鞘细菌sheathed bacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌sulfur bacteria铁细菌iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌methanogen硝化细菌nitrobacteria反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌hydrogenogens产气菌aerogen不产气菌anaerogen发光细菌luminous bacteria产色细菌chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌autotrophic bacteria异养菌heterotrophic bacteria光养菌phototrophic bacteria需氧菌aerobe微需氧菌microaerobe耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌anaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria腐生菌saprophytic bacteria苛求菌fastidious microorganism极端细菌extreme bacteria嗜压菌barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌thiophilic bacteria中温菌mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria肠道细菌intestinal bacteria类菌体bacteroid细菌小体bacteriosome微生子gonidium蓝细菌cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium类囊体thylakoid藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome静息孢子akinete滑行gliding异形[囊]胞heterocyst化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar血清型serotype血清变型serovar致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar生物型biotype生物变型biovar形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria 球菌coccus双球菌diplococcus四联球菌tetrads八叠球菌sarcina球杆菌coccobacillus杆菌rod双杆菌diplobacillus棒状菌corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体trichome单鞭毛菌monotricha周[鞭]毛菌peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha滑行细菌gliding bacteria细菌L-型L-form of bacterium菌落colony酵母型菌落yeast type colony类酵母型菌落yeast like colony次生菌落secondary colony粗糙型菌落rough colony光滑型菌落smooth colony丝状型菌落filamentous type colony 子菌落daughter colony深层菌落deep colony粘液型菌落mucoid colony巨大菌落giant colony侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe[菌体]附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella 轴丝axial filament菌毛pilus性丝sex pilus外生孢子exospore内生孢子endospore芽孢spore芽孢形成sporulation终端芽孢terminal spore近端芽孢subterminal spore中生芽孢central spore前芽孢forespore[芽孢]皮层cortex芽孢外膜exitine芽孢内膜intine外壁exine伴胞晶体parasporal crystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slime layer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmic space原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gas vacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellar basal body 异染质volutin异染粒matachromatic granules致死颗粒killer particle紫膜purple membrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopic organism 真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulent phage温和噬菌体temperate phage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体vegetative phage载体噬菌体carrier phageλ噬菌体lambda particles phage[可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub[噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril[噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体concatemer[噬菌体]颈部collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体monster[噬菌体]颈圈connector[噬菌体]髓部core[噬菌体]头部head[噬菌体]尾部tail[噬菌体]尾管tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘tail sheath类病毒viroid病毒virus真病毒euvirus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellite virus假型病毒pseudotype virus慢病毒slow virus辅助病毒helper virus过客病毒passenger virus多分体病毒multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV 多粒包埋型病毒multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus伴随病毒associated virus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenous virus潜伏病毒latent virus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHO virus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆[转]录病毒retro virus坏死病毒necrosis virus虹彩病毒irido virus泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus毒株strain原[生小]体elementary body包含体inclusion body顾氏小体Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体Negri's body病毒[粒]体virion裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubical symmetry二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complex symmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid 核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virus bundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusion granuleX体X-body[病毒]早期蛋白early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein负链negative strand正链positive strand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenic stroma衣原体chlamydia[衣原体]始体initial body立克次氏体rickettsia假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoic acid胞壁酸muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA 脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal protein A, SPA 纯化蛋白衍生物purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellular enzyme胞外酶extracellular enzyme果胶酶pectinase逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme, RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheria toxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin 产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin 黑粉菌酸ustilagic acid分枝菌酸mycolic acid齿孔酸eburicoic acid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素tetanospasmin 溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀[细]菌素bactericidin外毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin真菌醇mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin 细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein [放线菌]土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis 生物转化bioconversion生长因子growth factor420 因子factor 420V 因子V factorX 因子X factor。