中考英语 句型转换专题复习5

句型转换

句型转换这一题型是先给出一个句子，然后再给出一个包含几个空白处的句子，要求根据括号内的详尽要求在第二句的空白处填入合适的词来完成。它有完全的句式转换和句子中某一部分或几部分的转换。该题型主要考查同学们的语言基础知识及句子结构的构成、变化、运用等。其特点是规律性强、灵活性小，旨在考查考生用例外的句型结构来表达相同、相近或相反的语意的能力，训练灵活运用语言的技巧。

从题型上看，句型转换可分为两大类：

一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子，如肯定句改为否定句，陈述句改为大凡疑问句、分外疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句，对划线部分提问等。

另一类是同义句、近义句的转换，即要求用例外的句型，例外的语言手段表达相同的思想。

本期我们先来看看按要求改写句子的详尽情况。同义句、近义句的转换我们将在下一期做详细介绍。

按要求改写句子

按要求改写句子的详尽分类如下：

一、肯定句改为否定句

1.改变谓语结构

在系动词be, become, feel, smell等，助动词be, have, do等以及情态动词can, may,should等后加not。如果句子的谓语中不是以上这些词，而是行为动词，则相应地将动词的原形，第三人称单数或过去式变为否定形式。如：

He has seen the film before.

→He hasn’t seen the film before.

He will write the book in two months.

→He won’t write the book in two months.

He does his homework in the evening.

→He doesn’t do his homework in the evening.

2.用含否定意义的词（如never, nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few 等）。

（1）always / ever→never, and→or。如：

He was always late for school last term.

→He was never late for school last term.

（2）too→not…either, already→not…yet。如：

He goes to school by bike, too.

→He doesn’t go to school by bike, either.

（3）all→none, both→neither, both…and→neither…nor，此时，谓语动词仍用肯定形式，但当neither作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“neither…nor…”连接两个主语时，谓语动词应和靠近它的主语保持一致。如：

He knows all of the workers here.

→He knows none of the workers here.

Both of the twins are from England.

→Neither of the twins is from England.

3.当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：

I think they can come tonight.

→I don’t think they can come tonight.

二、陈述句改为疑问句

1.大凡疑问句。

Sam often does his homework in the evening.

→Does Sam do his homework in the evening?

2.分外疑问句。

I got there the day before yesterday.

→When did you get there?

3.反意疑问句。

Mary doesn’t work hard.

→Mary doesn’t work hard, does she?

注意：Let’s和Let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we和will you。如：Let”sgo out for a walk, shall we?

三、陈述句改为感叹句

The film is very interesting.

→How interesting the film is!

It”s a beautiful flower.

→What a beautiful flower it is!

大凡情况下，what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可相互转换。如：How nice the watch is!→What a nice watch it is!

四、对划线部分提问

就划线部分提问，是用一个适合的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个分外问句。

其方法主要是：先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序，句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点：

（1）选择恰当的疑问词。

（2）对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。

（3）对其它成分提问，用“疑问词＋大凡疑问句”语序。如：

My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.

→Who has been in Shanxi for ten years?

Lily’s dog has lost.

→Whose dog has lo st?

Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.

→How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?

句型转换设题广，部分试题难度较大，这就要求同学们有结壮的语言基本功和烂熟的解题技巧。

对于按要求改写句子的试题：首先应注意“要求”的内容；二是要注意选词的确凿；三是要注意各种句型的分外点；四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。如：

1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out.（改为复合句）The maths problem is ______ difficult _____ he can’t work it out.

2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition.（改为否定句）

_____ ______ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.

3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane.（改为分外疑问句）