阅读理解真题解析

阅读理解真题解析

根据不同的目的，同学们应采用不同的阅读方法。一般说来，有扫读、查读和细读三种。

1.扫读（Skimming）：

扫读是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。扫读应特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、文章中每段的段首句和结尾句以及篇章连接手段和行文中的信息词（signal word）,因为它们往往是对文章内容的整体概括，是左右文章大意的关键。

2.查读（Scanning）：

查读如同查电话号码或翻字典查单词一样，是专门用来处理阅读中的细节问题(Supporting Details). Detai1s是用来说明、论证或分析文章中心的。这类题目常以“Wh-”形式来提问，如who, what, when, where, why及how等形式。这些问题的表达通常不会采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等。因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所问；然后在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语；最后在充分理解原文和原题的基础上确定正确答案。

当然，这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算，如问时间、距离、次数、数量等，认真计算后方可选定正确答案；有的涉及正误判断，要先看选项，根据选项提供的线索，寻视文中相应部分，最后在题中选出肯定答案；还有的询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之，做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认识做出想象判断，一定要紧扣文章内容，不可随心所欲。

3.细读（Reading for full understanding）：

找到文章中的有关范围以后，即在该范围内逐句阅读，特别对关键词、关键句要仔细琢磨，以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思，而且要通过推理、判断、弄清文章中“字里行间”潜在的意思。在细读时，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文或自己的背景知识等来推测其意义；对难以看懂的长句，可借助语法手段，对其加以分析，以达到透彻理解。

Example 1

2009年山东省淄博市中考卷

Every year thousands of people get hurt or die when they are crossing the road. Most of these people are old people and children. Old people often

get hurt or di e because they can’t see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents because of their carelessness. They forgot to look and listen before they cross the road.

How can we lessen (减少) traffic accidents? All of us must obey the traffic rules. For the drivers, they shouldn’t drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time. For the pedestrians (行人), it’s very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. Therefore, when we walk across the road, we must try to walk along the pavements. We must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. Look left first, next look right, then look left again. Only when we are sure that the road is clear, we can cross it. The right way to cross t he road is to walk quickly. It’s not safe to run. If people run across the road, they may fall down. Teens should try to help children, old people or blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street.

首先，我们可以确定文章为一篇关于少年生活类的说明文。在说明文中，事实题占据主体。通过阅读试题，明确问题重点集中在如何正确过马路，为什么过马路时老人和孩子容易受伤，文章的题目及作为学生应该怎样做。然后，带着这4

个问题，仔细阅读文章。

50. Which of the following is NOT the right way to cross the road?

A. Stop and look both ways.

B. Run quickly.

C. Make sure that the road is clear

D. Walk quickly.

【解析】细节推断题。这类题要求我们要读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系,做出准确的推断和引申。本题的关键词是Not, right, cross the road。文中第2段倒数第5行The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly. It’s not safe to run. 告诉我们跑步是不安全的，所以答案应为B。

51. Why do most old people often get hurt or die when they are crossing the road?

A. Because they are not careful.

B. Because they forget to look and listen.

C. Because they can’t see or hear very well.

D. Because they often run across the road.