上海高考英语作文专练-2018年高三一模作文汇编_-杨浦区、虹口区、浦东
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018上海杨浦高三一模英语作文
2018上海杨浦高三一模英语作文Title: Reflections on the 2018 Shanghai Yangpu High School Senior Grade One English First Semester ExaminationIntroduction:The 2018 Shanghai Yangpu High School senior grade one students recently completed their first semester English examination, marking a significant milestone in their academic journey. The exam, which covered a range of topics including reading comprehension, writing, listening, and speaking, challenged students to demonstrate their understanding of the English language and their ability to communicate effectively.Reading Comprehension:One of the key components of the exam was the reading comprehension section, where students were required to read a series of passages and answer questions based on their understanding of the text. The passages covered a variety of topics, from current events to literary works, testing students' ability to comprehend and analyze written information. This section required students to not only understand the main ideas of the texts but also to identify supporting details and draw inferences based on the information provided.Writing:Another important aspect of the exam was the writing section, which tested students' ability to express themselves clearly and cohesively in written form. Students were given a range of prompts, from narrative essays to persuasive arguments, and were asked to develop their ideas into well-structured and well-supported essays. This section challenged students to demonstrate their creativity, critical thinking, and ability to communicate effectively through writing.Listening and Speaking:In addition to the reading and writing sections, the exam also included listening and speaking components, which tested students' ability to understand spoken English and communicate verbally. The listening section required students to listen to a series of audio recordings and answer questions based on the information presented. The speaking section, on the other hand, required students to participate in a variety of speaking activities, from giving presentations to engaging in conversations with their peers. These sections challenged students to demonstrate their listening comprehension, speaking fluency, and overall communication skills in English.Conclusion:In conclusion, the 2018 Shanghai Yangpu High School senior grade one English first semester examination was a challenging but rewarding experience for students. The exam tested their understanding of the English language and their ability to communicate effectively through reading, writing, listening, and speaking. As students reflect on their performance in the exam, they can use this experience to guide their future studies and improve their English language skills. Overall, the exam served as a valuable opportunity for students to demonstrate their knowledge and proficiency in English and to continue their academic growth and development.。
11 2018届浦东新区高三英语一模(作文有范文)
浦东新区2017学年第一学期期末质量检测高三英语试卷{本卷满分140分，口试10分另加）完卷时间：120分钟}第一卷I. Listening Comprehension ( 25分)Section A - Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400. C. $ 250. D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor. C. A news reporter. D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive. C. Pleasant. D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. V olumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well.B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away.B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire.B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.II. Grammar and Vocabulary ( 20分)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者).She won the 2015 Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21)________ recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitement internationally (22)________ their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype (原型) for a flashlight (23)________(power) by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)________ she couldn’t afford electricity. Sh e had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,” Makosinski explained. “I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles ( 珀耳帖贴片) that produce energy when one side (26)________(heat) and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)________ (use) only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? “Start now. There (28)________ be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think ‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ (29)________ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)________ you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is onePuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the (31) _______ is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most (32) _______ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites (33) _______ and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be (34) _______ that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food (35) ______ did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence that dogs are (36) _______ to humans’ attention and that expressions are (37) _______ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were (38) ______ throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted, with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they (39) _______ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were (40) _______. “Domestic dogs have a unique history – they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us,” she said.III. Reading comprehension ( 45分)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill ineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers. I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being ___41___ with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one. I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but ___42___ all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the ___43___ I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation (烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more ___44___ than the whistle gave me pleasure.___45___, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was ___46___ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too much for the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and ___47___the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who ___48___ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49___ gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but ___50___ devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing ___51___ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of ___52___ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his ___53___, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” ___54___, the miseries of mankind are largely due to their putting a(n) ___55___ value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41.A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42.A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43.A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44.A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46.A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47.A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48.A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49.A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50.A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51.A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52.A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53.A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54.A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55.A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mash ed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an e lectric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause b ad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s g arlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohe, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen ($2.8).56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word ”blunder” in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai ?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including:●target audience●brand names●slogans●pictures and colour●special offers/coupons●emotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-oldworking mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste.AlliterationPictures and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create a view of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid.Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold , blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertis ers often appear to offer ‘something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are an incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one. Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60.What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A.Green.B.Red.C.Orange.D.Yellow.61.Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A.Mosquito Bye Bye Bye. (RADAR)B.We do, we said. (HENNESSY)C.M&Ms melt in your mouth (M&Ms)D.Start ahead.(REJOICE)62.According to the passage, to retain the regular customers, advertising companies tend to ______________.A.impress them with colorful picturese promotional strategiesC.change slogans frequentlyD.create eye-catching brand names( C )Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Insti tute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their “volunteers” were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sul ci (the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect) to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities; having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel (a tooth’s hard, outer layer); or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five- to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine- to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What does “hypothesis” refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out_________.A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulne ss of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the “science fact” of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage (《神奇旅程》). In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.____67____ Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medical procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as “quantum dots ( 量子点)”, whose diameters are one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. ____68____ Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up so that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.____69____ We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. ____70____.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.第二卷(请写在主观答题纸上)IV. Summary Writing ( 10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to ma nage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out t he fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. (280 words)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. Translation ( 15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
2018届虹口区高三英语一模试卷及答案
虹口区2018学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期终教学质量监控测试卷2018.1考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷<第1—9页）和第Ⅱ卷<第10页），全卷共10页。
第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式，答题必须涂写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。
第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸相应位置，写在试卷上无效。
TexyhMII9t3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
TexyhMII9t第 I 卷 (共103分>I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. TexyhMII9t1. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter.TexyhMII9t2. A. He was busy eating. B. John was meeting the new guests.TexyhMII9tC. John was too busy to talk to anyone.D. He didn’t notice who John was talking to.TexyhMII9t3. A. Informative. B. Difficult. C. Funny.D. Dull.TexyhMII9t4. A. Send leaflets. B. Do some gardening. C. Go sightseeing. D. Visit a lawyer.TexyhMII9t5. A. The lady’s room is a bit far.B. She has to sign her name before using the lady’s room.TexyhMII9tC. She is unable to use the lady’s room right now.D. He will lead her to the lady’s room.6. A. They shouldn’t change the plan. B. It is necessary to change the plan.TexyhMII9tC. She doesn’t believe the weather forecast.D. She doesn’t think the game will last long.TexyhMII9t7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.TexyhMII9tC. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00. TexyhMII9t8. A. He lost his way. B. He worked very carefully.TexyhMII9tC. He received a traffic ticket.D. He drove in heavy traffic.TexyhMII9t9. A. Her doorbell doesn’t need repair. B. She didn’t expect him to come so early.TexyhMII9tC. The man has just arrived on time.D. It is not the right time for her.TexyhMII9t10. A. He’s unable to finish his homework. B. He can’t give the woman his computer.TexyhMII9tC. He’s to remove the virus.D. He’s infected with some disease.TexyhMII9tSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you haveheard.TexyhMII9tQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. TexyhMII9t11. A. A motorist’s speeding. B. Her running into a stop sign.TexyhMII9tC. Her lack of driving experience.D. A motorist’s failure to concentrate.TexyhMII9t12. A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself.TexyhMII9tC. Courageous and forceful.D. Depressed and reluctant.TexyhMII9t13. A. More strict training of women drivers.B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C. Improved traffic conditions in cities.D. Less traffic on street.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.TexyhMII9t14. A. Possible feedback of the test. B. The test questions and answer choices.TexyhMII9tC. The instructions of conducting tests.D. The score of each item of questions.TexyhMII9t15. A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Equal. D. Random.TexyhMII9t16. A. The main limits of computerized test.B. The way to control the difficulty of eachquestion.TexyhMII9tC. The whole process of having computerized test.D. The advantages and disadvantages of computerizedtest.TexyhMII9tSection CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.TexyhMII9tBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.TexyhMII9tComplete the form. Write ONE WORD for eachBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.TexyhMII9tComplete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for eachII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in theblanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the otherblanks, use one word that best fits each blank.TexyhMII9t(A>To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 25 you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detailt o p e o p l e u n f a m i l i a r w i t h y o u r s u b j e c t T e x y h M I I9t26 they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 27 be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner fromi n f o r m a t i o n T e x y h M I I9t28 (deliver> to a group of your friends.Furthermore, 29 talented the speaker is, a talk w i t h o u t e n o u g h p r e p a r a t i o n i s u s u a l l y T e x y h M I I9t30 failure. To speak without preparing is to shootwithout taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is;then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure thatyour subject 31 (be> definite and not too broad. zhucanqiTexyhMII9t(B>DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find outthat there was money to be made in the middle of the night.47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69,in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgers when they stopped 32 (break> their journey.TexyhMII9t It was they 33 first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. 34 (think> about it for a while,he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door eversince.TexyhMII9tOver the years his simple burger café has been expanded35 a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant,a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry. TexyhMII9t Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, 36 has now caught on around the world. Today not onlyrestaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning tobe open all night. But is this really a goodthing?TexyhMII9tSo far, a lot of research 37 (do> in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than 38 did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the 39 (bad> man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when e v e n t h e m o s t e x p e r i e n c e d n i g h t-w o r k e r h a sd i f f i c u l t y Te x y h M I I9t40 (stay> awake.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using thewords in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatThere is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 areas of human activity. For example, in the late nineteenth century the connections between music andpainting were 42 close. zhucanqi Artists were invited to design clothes and settings for operas and ballets, but sometimes it was the musicians who were inspired by the work of 43 painters. Of the musical compositions that were considered as responses to the visual arts, perhaps the most famous is Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition.TexyhMII9t Mussorgsky 44 the piece in 1874 after the death, at the age of 39, of the artist Victor Hartmann. Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s 45 death. The following year the critic, Vladimir Stasov, who decided to hold an exhibition of Hartmann’s work, suggested that Mussorgsky try to 46 his grief by writing something in 47 of Hartmann.TexyhMII9tThe exhibition served as Mussorgsky’s inspiration. The ten pieces that make up Pictures at an Exhibition are 48as symbols rather than representations of the paintings inthe exhibition. Between each is a promenade <舞曲中的行进）, as the composer walks from one painting to another. Themusic is sometimes witty and playful, sometimes almost alarming and frightening. Through a range of surprising49 , Mussorgsky manages to 50 the spirit of the artist and his work.TexyhMII9tIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage thereare four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.TexyhMII9tThe term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school. These days, homeschooling in America is51 .TexyhMII9tTeaching methods at homeschooling 52 . Some parentsf o l l o w a s t r i c t t i m e t a b l e a n d T e x y h M I I9t53 a traditional school environment. Other parentsfollow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle 54 to provide a balance between freedom anddiscipline.TexyhMII9tWhy do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “peer pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it mayh a v e a T e x y h M I I9t55 effect on the child’s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are 56 motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the 57 may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schoolsevery year. 58 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling against publicschooling.TexyhMII9tWhat then is the future of education? Although children often learn well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or 59 parents who say they are home-schooling. As the 60 continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared academically for college? How are home schoolers 61 to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but theya r e ob v i o u s l y l e s s T e x y h M I I9t62 math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children’s emotional development. Are theytoo 63 their fellow students? Are they 64 the opportunity to get the social benefits of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable issue, the answers to these questions are never 65 . TexyhMII9t51. A. disappearing B. reducing C. contributing D. risingTexyhMII9t52. A. vary B. last C. exist D. work53. A. imitate B. alter C. promote D. neglectTexyhMII9t54. A. instructions B. path C. technique D. standardTexyhMII9t55. A. positive B.practical C. negative D. remarkableTexyhMII9t56. A. economically B. religiously C. physically D. psychologicallyTexyhMII9t57. A. effects B. suggestions C. reasons D. pressuresTexyhMII9t58. A. As a result B. On the whole C. By the way D. In additionTexyhMII9t59. A. encourage B. interrupt C.contact D. monitor TexyhMII9t60. A. appreciation B. opposition C. expectation D. debateTexyhMII9t61. A. assessed B. chosen C. compared D. classifiedTexyhMII9t62. A. satisfied with B. involved in C.skilled at D. sure ofTexyhMII9t63. A. ignorant of B. isolated from C. connected with D. worried aboutTexyhMII9t64. A. creating B. grasping C. awaiting D. losingTexyhMII9t65. A. acceptable B. informative C. one-sided D. practicalTexyhMII9tSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passageis followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.TexyhMII9t(A>“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” a six-year studyrevealed.TexyhMII9tBritish and Canadian scientists studied 4,500 elephantsin European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants inzoos.TexyhMII9tWhen it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don’t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn’t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators(掠食者>, always have plenty to eat, P.F. Productions and have professionals on hand to care for them.TexyhMII9t When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world’s largest land animals live muchlonger in the wild than they do in zoos.TexyhMII9tFemale African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,”says Mason, “We’ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one’s yet reached 50.”TexyhMII9tAsian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity (圈养> compared to 42 years in the wild. A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years ofage.TexyhMII9tFatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals’ early death in captivity, Mason said.TexyhMII9t The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough spacefor animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captiveelephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.TexyhMII9tBeing “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!TexyhMII9t66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________. A. they are far awayfrom the danger of being eaten.TexyhMII9tB. they can be in a better mood there.C. they needn’t worry about their food at all.D. they are taken good care of.67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?TexyhMII9tA. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.TexyhMII9tC. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.TexyhMII9t68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.TexyhMII9tC. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.TexyhMII9tD. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.TexyhMII9t69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.TexyhMII9tB. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.TexyhMII9tC. All of us should take actions to protect wild elephants.TexyhMII9tD. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.TexyhMII9t(B>TimetableMembership CardTexyhMII9tU.S. Families with a Laptop (Percentage>20406080100White Black Asian Spanish MenuFriends Membership Card THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSE0 0 1 3 6 7 8 9Valid until 23 May 2018Name: Miss E. M. DriscollBox Office: 10865 305305 THE HAMILTON PLAYHOUSEWhen booking always ask for your Friends Discount.Give your membership P.F. Productions number when booking.Please bring your card with you when collecting tickets.Your membership card is valid until the date shown on the front.This card is your proof of membership — please keep it safe at all times.70. Which of the following is true of the membershipcard?TexyhMII9tA. Its number is 10865 305305.B. Itgets the owner a discount when used.TexyhMII9tC. It is valid through the year of 2018.D.It belongs to Mr. E. M. Driscoll.TexyhMII9t71. If one wants to attend a business lunch in London at12:00, the latest train that he should take at Oxford leaves at ________.TexyhMII9tA. 09:48B. 10:35C. 11:15D. 11:4572. If you would like to have some vegetable beef, what maybe your choice?TexyhMII9tA. French Slam®.B.Chicken Fried Steak.C. Sandwich with Salad or Soup.D. TheSuper Bird®.TexyhMII9t73. The chart shows that from 2008 to 2018,________.TexyhMII9tA. the percentage of the Spanish families with a laptoprose 60 pointsTexyhMII9tB. the percentage of the White families with a laptopremained unchangedTexyhMII9tC. the number of the Black families with a laptop was onthe decreaseTexyhMII9tD. the number of the Asian families with a laptop showedthe sharpest increaseTexyhMII9t(C>Women’s minds work differently from men’s. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of failure or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this field, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.TexyhMII9tThere is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes—the link between the two halves of the brain.TexyhMII9tThe two halves are linked by a trunkline (主干线> of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpuscallosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres (纤维> than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day womenthink differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we bewrong?TexyhMII9tResearch showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. The better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. Usually, women have the better connections.TexyhMII9tBut it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between the skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at math. If these differences correspond (相符合> with the differences in the trunkline, there is an unchangeable distinction between the sexes.TexyhMII9tWe shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of the exact relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain. And we cannot understand how the two halves interact through the corpus callosum. But one thing is certain: nothing in our world is still—even scientific thought.TexyhMII9t74. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Biologists are doing research where psychologists have given up.TexyhMII9tB. Brain differences point to advantage of one sex over the other.TexyhMII9tC. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.TexyhMII9tD. The brain difference is the only difference between the sexes.TexyhMII9t75. According to the passage, it is commonly believed thatbrain differences are caused by ________factors.TexyhMII9tA. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. socialTexyhMII9t76. The expression of “these differences” refers to those in ________.TexyhMII9tA. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. learning habitsTexyhMII9t77. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.TexyhMII9tB. To explain the link between sex and brainstructure.TexyhMII9tC. To suggest new areas in brain research.D. To indicate the many differences between thesexes.TexyhMII9tSection CDirections: Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.TexyhMII9tYou are what you eat and fats are a main food forAsia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量> has increased. Now about 40 to 45percent of their calories come from fat,” saysChwang.TexyhMII9tAlthough on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians’ hospitality<好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.TexyhMII9t Needless to say, that children are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”TexyhMII9tWhen describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’re fat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.TexyhMII9t(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.>TexyhMII9t78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.TexyhMII9t79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longerenjoyed on special occasions.TexyhMII9t80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?TexyhMII9t81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today?TexyhMII9t第II卷 <共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.TexyhMII9t1．今年国庆节我和妈妈参观了新建的植物园。
2018上海杨浦高三一模英语作文
2018上海杨浦高三一模英语作文English:In the 2018 Shanghai Yangpu District high school third-year model exam English composition, students were asked to write an essay on the topic "The Influence of Social Media on Teenagers." In my opinion, social media has both positive and negative effects on teenagers. On one hand, it allows for easy and quick communication with friends and family, as well as access to a wealth of information and resources. It also provides a platform for self-expression and creativity. However, on the other hand, excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, cyberbullying, and mental health issues. It can also create a false sense of reality and unrealistic expectations. To mitigate these negative impacts, teenagers should be educated on the proper use of social media and encouraged to maintain a healthy balance between online and offline activities.中文翻译:在2018年上海杨浦区高中三年级模拟考试英语作文中，要求学生就“社交媒体对青少年的影响”这一主题撰写文章。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编----六选四--老师版（已经校对）
Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It‘s very likely that you‘ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization‘s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let‘s begin with the question of why people volunteer. 67 For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people‘s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., ―I volunteer because it‘s important to me‖) to an external factor (e.g., ―I volunteer because I‘m required to do so‖). When that happe ns, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. 68 Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. 69 The researchers note that attention should begiven to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience‖.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view ―volunteer‖ as an important social role. 70 Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as ―Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.‖ Consistent with the researchers‘ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to defin ite advice: ―Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity‖.Keys:67-70: F B E CSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can‘t.‖Keys:67-70 FDABSectionCDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the―sciencefact‖of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with veryimportant knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimentalminiaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into theman‘s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past severaldecades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in thefilm, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already beingused to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as―quantu m dots（量子点）‖，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient.68Upon findinga tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctorscan see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired ofhaving to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don‘t need to. Scientists areworking on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and providepower for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind ofmanufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, youcan turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms.70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Keys:67-70 AFECSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.As people recognize the dangers of fossil fuel plants, especially the risk of global warming from carbon dioxide production—nuclear power begins to look more attractive. But what about the waste—all that highly radioactive debris(残核) that will endure for thousands of years? Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face.______67________Plutonium(钚) has a half-life of 24,000 years. Even after 100,000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor.______68_________How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years?Still the US government persists in pursuing ―safe‖nuclear waste disposal(处理). It has created nuclear waste facilities buried deep within Yucca Mountain , Nevada. To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1,000feet below the surface. _______69__________. It needs at least 2 square miles. The cost of the facility is expected to reach $100 billion ,with hundreds of billions of dollars more in operating costs. To make matters worse, earthquakes happen often in the Yucca Mountain region. More than 600 earthquakes of magnitude of 2.5 and higher have occurred within 50 miles in the last decade alone. Although that was millions of years ago, how sure can we be that the waste facility won‘t be torn apart by another eruption?________70_________ Why not just send the waste into the sun? Well, maybe that‘s notsuch a good idea, since on launch some rockets do crash back down to the earth. Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. Yet just the fact that scientists make such suggestions seems to emphasize how the problem really is.Keys:67-70 ECDASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie‘s 1911 book —said: ―All children, except one, grow up.‖ _______67_________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children‘s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.―Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,‖ commented website Koreaboo. _______68_________ .According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today‘s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. ―It reminds me of the playful side of life,‖ Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment._______69_________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing ―the thrills of youth‖ is the evidence that ―adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore‖, he told The New York Times. ―That‘s actually quite sad.‖________70________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. ―It‘s just pop culture stuff. It‘s stuff that says, ‗I like a little of this and I like a little of that‘,‖ he told ABC News. ―It‘s no big deal.‖So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it‘s time to introduce a new ―fact‖, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: ―Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.‖Keys:67-70 DBFC\Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once .Note that there aretwo more sentences than you need.The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merelyaccomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor' of success.67Top performers spend more hours practising theircraft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn‘t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, orshared the same birthday.68 It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success, Armed with this ambition, she wouldread novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She‘d able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error focused. By practising in this way, site delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repealing, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream offeedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into a room-dozens and dozens of times. 69.The primaryquality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hardwired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities.70 We construct ourselves through behavior.Keys:67-70 FEC ASection CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely.67It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don‘t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. 68Don‘t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else.Let other people live how they want to live.69If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile cases tensions, wheres a frow n can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.70Some people do not take hints. Some people d not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say,‖ I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and beck me up.‖KEYS:67-70:DFEBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In the radio drama ―Nau em Taim‖ aired in Papua New Guinea, a widowed father takes up dynamite(炸药) fishing—profitable but disastrous for the reef. Then he meets a dashing marine scientist who warns him off. The idea is that by the end of the drama, both he—and the listeners—will give up dynamite for sustainable fishing.The show‘s producer, the Population Media Center (PMC) in Vermont, has been a pioneer of programmes with the goal of fostering development. ___67___ In Vietnam Khat Vong Song uses radio drama to teach its listeners about domestic violence. In Kenya Mediae promotes civil rights with a television soap called ―Makutano Junction‖.Evidence that radio and television soaps can change behaviour was first spotted in the 1970s. ___68___ About twenty years later, economists at the Inter-American Development Bank, found that Brazilians receiving Globo, a television network promoting modern family concepts, had fewer children. Another follow-up study discovered that, as cable television spread, the birth rate in certain rural area dropped.Some argue that the influence was because couch potatoes were less likely to make babies. But research in Ethiopia showed that dramas can have a direct effect. Inquiries about ways to reduce birth rates rose by 157% among married women who listened to the soap operas ―Yeken Kignet‖ and ―Dhimbibba‖. ___69___ Male listeners sought tests for HIV/AIDS four times as much as male non-listeners.―The results are the best when people identify with characters,‖ says Betty Oala of the PMC.This is why the organization does extensive research, takes on local writers and uses native languages.Not only are soaps effective, but they are also cheap. Radio programmes can cost as little as three cents to reach a listener in Africa. ___70___ Although producers do not hide their purposes many scholars think that there could be a fight over morals and the aimful results of soap dramas.A drop in birth rates may seem like good news to a woman activist, but bad to a religious worker.Keys:67-70 FDAESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.B.C.E.F.The Best Language for MathWhat‘s the best language for learning math? Hint: You‘re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Educationat Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at ―11‖. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as ―ten-one‖– spoken with the ―ten‖ first. 68 .English number words over 10 don‘t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and ―teens‖, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doingmulti-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69 .It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the ―make-a-ten‖ addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70 .Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!Keys:67-70 CFBDSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children maytake.B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parentsrelax.C.If a woman works outside the home, she‘s depriving her children of her constant attention, but ifshe stays home, she tends to give her children too muchlove.D.According to Freud, after the first five ―formative years‖ ended in the crisis of the OedipalComplex (俄狄浦斯情结), the child‘s personalitywassetforlife.E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is moredelicate.F.Obviously it‘s good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrong stepwill not doom the child to psychologicaldamage.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWoman are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered ―good‖, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that theyaren‘t―bad‖.67 .her child‘s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that th e first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape Ironically, this pani c about doing the right thing to produce the perfect child is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. 68Here is why.First, it i s not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do not benefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child‘s fate is determined forever. 69 Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addi ction, mental illness or violence. 70 Between the parents‘best efforts and theresulting child lie other factors: the child‘s nature, geneti cally influenced characters, e xperiences outside the family and the child‘s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren‘t going to turn her into Britney Spears.Keys:66-70 CBFASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Plus-size women might be socially frowned upon (不赞成) and openly avoided by the fashion industry. ___67___A study done a few years ago by Plunkett Research, a market-research firm, found that 67% of American women were ―plus-size,‖ meanin g size 14 or larger. That figure might not have changed much, but in 2016, only 18% of clothing sold was plus-size, according to NPD Group, another research firm.Designers and retailers have long thought of the plus-size as high-risk. Predicting what these customers will buy can be difficult, as they tend to be more cautious about styles. Making larger clothes is more expensive; but higher costs for fabric cannot always be passed on to consumers. ___68___ ―We have money but nowhere to spend it,‖ says Krist ine Thompson, who runs a blog which has nearly 150,000 followers on Instagram.At last, that is changing. Fast-fashion brands, including Forever 21 and a fashion line sold in partnership with Target, a giant retailer, have expanded their plus-size collections. ___69___ Revenue in the plus-size category increased by 14% between 2013 and 2016, compared with growth of 7% for all apparel (服装). Takings (营业额) were $21.3 billion last year. Social media has played an important role in changing attitudes in the fashion business, says Madeline Jones, editor and co-founder of PLUS Model Magazine.Nonetheless, designer brands still hold back. ___70___ For those that are willing to take achance, several internet startups (创业公司) that deliver personally styled outfits to individuals, including plus-size women, offer data to ―straight-size‖ designers.Not all plus-size shoppers are convinced. Laura Fuentes, a hairstylist from Abilene, Texas, says that many upmarket (高端市场的) department stores still keep their plus-size clothing sections poorly organized, badly stocked and dimly lit, if they stock larger clothes at all. Yet such complaints should be taken with a pinch of salt (有所保留), says Ms. Thompson. ―We‘re nowhere near where we should be but we‘ve made progress,‖ she says.Keys:67--70: DBECSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Overnight, eating fried chicken in the People‘s Square is OUT; instead, people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master. This year, the queues in front of the doors of ―Wanghong delicacies‖ were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over 80 Y uan by scalpers (黄牛) and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.To a great extent, Wanghong phenomenon depends on merchants‘ business strategy. ______67______. Business also works on publicity. Before HEEKCAA‘s arrival in Shanghai, it has advertised through microblog, local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public. Once people make the purchase, the ―sense of accomplishment‖ will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments, which is good for brand image. Also, when a product is quickly recognized by consumers, capitals will come in great numbers. The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.______68______. In the Internet era, the spread of information is so fa st that it doesn‘t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad; it‘s just a matter of whether you ever drink it. There is a word for this behavior —―fomo‖, which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new. As social animals, humans have a strong desire to be part of a group, to be accepted, recognized, valued and remembered. A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed. These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists, anxious for existence. It‘s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other people‘s lives, and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.10-20 Y uan is the exchange value of milk tea, but it‘s the symbol value of the goods that encourages people to ―pull the grass‖. Just like the lipstick, mailbox and graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong, people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments‘ thumb up. ______69______.With the development of society, consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life, so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However, ―Wanghong economy‖ is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection. Consumers who come by ―physical attractiveness‖ will quickly vanish if there is no implicit value or connotation to support. ______70______. Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.Keys:67--70 FEBCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear._____67____ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别）security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one‘s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple‘s new iPhone X can even scan a user‘s face._______68_____―Biometrics, ideally, are good,‖John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech webs ite Inverse. ―In practice, not so much.‖When introducing the new iPhone‘s Face ID feature at Apple‘s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple‘s senior vice president, said, ―______69_______‖.But it‘s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren‘t even twins.―We may expect too much from biometrics,‖Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. ―No security systems are perfect.‖Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.―It‘s good to see biometrics being used more,‖Jain told CBS News, ―because it adds another factor for security. ______70_______‖.Keys:67-70 D A F CSection C。
最新2018年上海高考英语作文
Dear Cathy,I am writing to you to share my opinions on fashion with you, for I have just heard that you were depressed because you couldn’t afford the best(famous) brands.I shall say that it is natural for everyone to pay much emphasis on his own image. And it is true that stylish clothes, shoes or something like those will make one more fashionable and eye-catching. However, everybody has his(her) own family background, and it is really extravagant for you to buy the famous brands. Besides, it will also add to the burden of your parents.What’s more, beauty is just skin deep. There are many things which can make you popular with others except fashion. A great amount of knowledge, noble character and a warm heart will surely win others’ respect and admiration. Good qualities are the treasure in your life which is more valuable than anything you wear.Never judge a person by the appearance. I hope that you will remember the saying and become as happy as you used to be.Yours,Jane亲爱的凯西，我写信给你分享我的意见的方式与你，我刚才听到你沮丧，因为你买不起最好的(著名)品牌。
2018年上海高三英语一模作文范文汇编
2018年高三一模作文汇编1.黄浦区2017年已接近尾声，还记得年初你为自己定下的小目标吗？不知你是否实现了你的小目标？发一个微信朋友圈来回顾一下吧（文中请不要出现真实的校名人名）。
你的朋友圈文字内容需包括：1. 你的2017年度小目标；2. 你为实现年度小目标所作的努力；3. 你实现（或没有实现）年度小目标的经验总结。
范文：My new year’s resolution for 2017 was that I should be able to communicate with foreign people in English. To achieve this goal, I had asked my English teacher for help. According to her suggestions, I made up a plan.Firstly, I started with simply reading English articles and found many pronunciation errors in my reading after listening to the video tape of its recording. Then, I tried to learn phonetics and practice one syllable after another again and again. I started with a single word, then a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph and finally the whole passage. After 3-month practice, I was able to read an article fluently without making any mistakes in pronunciation. I felt happy. Next, I practiced my listening. By listening to a passage four times, I required myself to take it down without spelling errors or any information blank. Last but not least, I installed an app called Shanbei Oral English on my phone topractice both my listening and speaking. It’s like having conversations with a robot. I had to understand what it said to me and answer its questions accordingly. After practicing for almost 8 months, I had my first talking session with an American teacher in our school. I was proud of myself.What I have learntfrom this experience is something as a saying goes: no pain no gain. Though the process of learning could be dull and tiring, it’s worth all the efforts after I achieved my goal. Even if I didn’t, it’s still a valuable part of my life.阅卷作文8+8+4=20The wonderful year of 2017 is drawing to an end. I remember that I set an annual goal to keep fit at the beginning of 2017, since staying healthy is crucial to ensuring my study, thus better prepare myself for Gaokao.To achieve my goal of keeping fit, here are some efforts I’ve taken throughout the year. On the very first day of 2017, I downloaded a fitness app called Keep. Following the fitness instructions the app offered, I exercised every other night before I go to bed. Also, I did some research into the daily nutrition I need in order to stay healthy both physically and mentally, after which I devised a moderate dieting plan. Apart from the above, I’ve invited family members and friends to join me so that we can encourage each other and exchange fitness experience.So far, the record shown on my fitness app shows that I’ve donewell this year, reaching a record high of 200 training times in total. Although at times I felt like giving up because of too much study pressure and limited time, I’m glad I have stuck to my plan. It seemsto me that anything is possible if I throw in all of my energy and passion, and most of all, perseverance. Some rules apply to study. So I hope I will keep such passion and strength to do my best in the coming 2018.（237 words）点评：1．文本结构段落清晰，符合作文题目要求。
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马拉松(marathon)比赛需要志愿者发放矿泉水，学校校庆需要招募引导员。
请你从中选取一个感兴趣的志愿者岗位，写信给负责老师完成报名，并在信中具体谈谈你的理由。
范文1
Dear sir,
Hearing that the marathon match and school celebration need a lot of volunteers and guides,I think I am qualified for the position of guides and it will be my great honor to do the job,so I write to you to enter for the guide.
First,I have a great sense of direction,which enables me to lead actors and actress to arrive at their positions without difficulties.It’s very essential when the back of stage is crowded with people and different kinds of decorations and all the performers are hurrying to dress them up and get their needed things ready.
Second,I have the experience of being a guide before and I knew how to deal with unexpected accidents and mistakes.Such experience is helpful to calm myself down to arrange things in order.Besides,I am familiar with my schoolmates an d have great abilities to communicate with them,which makes it possible for me to find the right person and talk to them to relieve their nerve for the performance.
According to all the abilities above,I think I’m suitable for the position and I really hope that you can give me a chance to use my power to add a touch to our School Celebration.Thank you for reading my letter.
Yours sincerely
Li Ping
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友（Stephen）来信说，要在圣诞节期间来沪旅游。
他在网上选中了三个景点：外滩、豫园和东方明珠。
他来信征求你的意见。
请你根据自身经验，建议他舍弃其中的一个景点（要说明放弃理由）；并推荐一个新的景点供他参考（说明推荐理由）。
注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级等真实信息。
第一篇
Dear Stephen,
On hearing that you are planning to visit Shanghai during your Christmas holiday,I’d like to give you some advice based on my experience.
There are two aspects accounting for my advice.Initially,the visit to the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in your original plan isn’t my optimal action.As this scenic spot is out of fashion,and you will waste a lot of time queuing outside,its ordinary and less attractive tour items aren’t worth your wait.
What’s more,I strongly suggest that you should pay a visit to Shanghai Museum.The reasons are as follows.On one side,standing in the center of Shanghai, Shanghai Museum is easy to get by various means of public transportation.On the other side,huge amounts of precious ancient exhibits are displayed in it,presenting the high profession and high fame of Shanghai Museum.Only by visiting it can you get a general idea of Shanghai,which contains both modern facilities and ancient culture.
Therefore,I’d appreciate it very much if you would accept my suggestion.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
近年来，随着科技的迅猛发展，身边的新事物取代旧事物的事例层出不穷，请你简要描述一
个具体实例，并说明这一新事物存在的理由。
Sample1
In the past few decades,with the rapid development of modern technology,we have stepped into the digital age.As the population of Internet users，which are called online residents, is going larger,emails are likely to be taking the place of traditional letters.
On one hand,email enables people to deliver their messages more easily and convenient,as well as lowering the expense.People no longer need to go to a post office to send letters,which saves time for issues of more importance.
On the other hand,email narrows the gap between people living in different areas,or even in different countries.Contacts can be more efficient,thanks to the international networks, whereas email can be received instantly.
Convenient as it is,there are still some problems caused by email remain to be solved. Personal privacy,for example,can be threatened by hackers.Generally speaking,however,we can't deny that the emerge of email does more benefit than harm.。