主谓一致原则讲解

主谓一致讲义

•用动词的适当形式填空

1. I ____ a teacher. (be)

2. He _____ good at swimming. (be)

3. You ____ late for school again.(be)

4. They ______ many new books. (have)

5. She _____ two sisters.(have)

概念：根据主语决定与其一致的单数或复数的谓语

一、整体原则

1. 表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

Fifty years is not a long time.

2 .非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

1）.To get up early and to go to sleep early ____ good for your health.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

二、舍近求远的原则：

语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；

以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如：

The house, including the garden and the garage, was sold out.

Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt.

三、就近一致原则

1 . 由not only …but also, neither…nor, either…or, not …but以及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。

Not only your father’s friends but also your father likes smoking

2．在倒装句中以及在There be …结构中，如主语是并列的，谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。

Where is your mother and younger sister?

There is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk.

四、意义一致：

1．并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。

The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers.

2. every one, everybody, everything, any one, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, some one, somebody, something, (none除外)等不定代词及each, the other作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Nothing in the box is mine.

somebody is waiting for you.

3.None 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可以用复数；但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因

而谓语动词要用单数。

None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人

None of this worries me. 这事一点都不使我着急

4 .主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及news , works (工厂)等都属形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。

Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn.

A new means of teaching is being used in that school.

注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。

My mathematics are weak.

5．the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数。如：The rich are not always happy.

The new is sure to replace the old

6.主语是family, team, group, crowd, class, committee等集合名词时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式，如指的是全体人员时，谓语用复数。

His family are all music lovers.

The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

类似这样的集体名词有：

family, class, audience, committee （委员会）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事会）, village等。

主语people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族”解时，有单复数之分。(police , cattle , public )

Our people is a great one.

There are 56 peoples in China.

7．主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。

Half of the visitors are from Europe.

Half of the fruit is bad.

8．“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几”作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于of 后的名词。

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

40 percent of the students in our class are girls.

9．“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

She is the only one of these women who plays the violin.

注意：

1. one of +复数名词+（单）谓语，如：

One of the students is from the south.

2. one of+复数名词+定语从句（从句动词用复数），如：

He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.

3. the (only) one of+名词（复数）+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只有一个，如：

He is the only one of the students who comes early.

五、语法一致：

1）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，谓语用复数，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：

No student and no teacher is invited to the party

Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.