财务报表分析之我见(中英文版)
财务分析报告摘要中英文(3篇)
第1篇一、报告概述本报告旨在通过对某公司近三年的财务报表进行分析，评估其财务状况、盈利能力、偿债能力和运营效率。
通过对公司财务数据的深入挖掘，为管理层提供决策支持，并为企业未来的发展提供参考。
二、公司概况某公司成立于XX年，主要从事XX行业，业务范围涵盖XX领域。
公司经过多年的发展，已成为行业内的领军企业。
报告所分析的数据截止至XX年12月31日。
三、财务报表分析1. 资产负债表分析（1）资产结构分析从资产负债表可以看出，公司资产总额逐年增长，主要分为流动资产和非流动资产。
流动资产主要包括货币资金、应收账款、存货等，非流动资产主要包括固定资产、无形资产等。
货币资金：公司货币资金充足，具有较强的短期偿债能力。
应收账款：应收账款占比较高，需关注其回收风险。
存货：存货周转率有所下降，需加强存货管理。
固定资产：固定资产占比较高，为公司发展提供了有力支撑。
（2）负债结构分析公司负债总额逐年增长，主要分为流动负债和非流动负债。
流动负债主要包括短期借款、应付账款等，非流动负债主要包括长期借款、应付债券等。
短期借款：短期借款占比较高，需关注其偿债压力。
应付账款：应付账款占比较高，有利于公司资金周转。
长期借款：长期借款占比较高，需关注其利息支出。
（3）所有者权益分析公司所有者权益逐年增长，表明公司盈利能力和资本积累能力较强。
2. 利润表分析（1）营业收入分析公司营业收入逐年增长，表明公司市场竞争力较强。
（2）营业成本分析公司营业成本逐年增长，但增速低于营业收入，表明公司盈利能力有所提升。
（3）期间费用分析公司期间费用占比较低，表明公司管理效率较高。
（4）净利润分析公司净利润逐年增长，表明公司盈利能力较强。
3. 现金流量表分析（1）经营活动现金流量分析公司经营活动现金流量净额逐年增长，表明公司经营活动产生的现金流入足以覆盖现金流出。
（2）投资活动现金流量分析公司投资活动现金流量净额波动较大，主要受固定资产购置等因素影响。
财务报告分析双语(3篇)
第1篇Executive SummaryThis analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the financial performance of XYZ Corporation over the past fiscal year. By examining the financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, we can gain insights into the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. This report will be presented in both English and Chinese, with key findings and conclusions translated for clarity.I. IntroductionXYZ Corporation, a leading company in the technology industry, has released its financial report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. The report provides a detailed account of the company's financial activities, performance, and position during the period. This analysis will focus on the key financial indicators and ratios, highlighting the company's strengths and weaknesses, and offering recommendations for improvement.II. Financial Statements AnalysisA. Balance SheetThe balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's financialposition at a specific point in time. The following analysis will focus on the key components of the balance sheet:1. Assets: XYZ Corporation's total assets increased by 15% from the previous fiscal year, driven by a 20% growth in current assets and a 10% increase in non-current assets. This indicates that the company has been successful in expanding its asset base.2. Liabilities: The total liabilities of XYZ Corporation also increased by 12%, with current liabilities growing by 15% and non-currentliabilities by 10%. This suggests that the company has taken on additional debt to finance its growth.3. Equity: The equity of XYZ Corporation increased by 18% over thefiscal year, reflecting the company's profitability and reinvestment in the business.B. Income StatementThe income statement shows the company's revenue, expenses, and net income over a specific period. The following points highlight the key aspects of the income statement:1. Revenue: XYZ Corporation's revenue increased by 20% from the previous fiscal year, driven by strong sales in the technology sector.2. Expenses: The company's expenses increased by 15%, with cost of goods sold (COGS) increasing by 18% and selling, general, and administrative expenses (SG&A) increasing by 12%. This indicates that the company has been able to control its cost of goods sold but has experienced some increases in SG&A expenses.3. Net Income: XYZ Corporation's net income increased by 25% over the fiscal year, reflecting the company's strong operational performance.C. Cash Flow StatementThe cash flow statement provides insights into the company's cashinflows and outflows. The following analysis focuses on the key components of the cash flow statement:1. Operating Cash Flow: XYZ Corporation's operating cash flow increased by 30% over the fiscal year, indicating strong cash-generating capabilities.2. Investing Cash Flow: The company's investing cash flow decreased by 5%, primarily due to lower capital expenditures.3. Financing Cash Flow: Financing cash flow increased by 20%, driven by higher dividends paid to shareholders and an increase in long-term debt.III. Financial Ratios AnalysisA. Liquidity Ratios1. Current Ratio: XYZ Corporation's current ratio increased from 1.5 to 1.8, indicating improved short-term liquidity.2. Quick Ratio: The quick ratio improved from 1.2 to 1.5, suggestingthat the company has a strong ability to meet its short-term obligations.B. Solvency Ratios1. Debt-to-Equity Ratio: The debt-to-equity ratio decreased from 1.2 to 1.0, indicating a more conservative financial structure.2. Interest Coverage Ratio: The interest coverage ratio improved from 5.0 to 6.0, reflecting the company's ability to cover its interest expenses.C. Profitability Ratios1. Gross Profit Margin: The gross profit margin remained stable at 40%, indicating efficient cost management.2. Net Profit Margin: The net profit margin increased from 15% to 20%, reflecting the company's improved profitability.IV. ConclusionXYZ Corporation has demonstrated strong financial performance over the past fiscal year, with significant growth in revenue, net income, and operating cash flow. The company's liquidity and solvency ratios are also healthy, indicating a strong financial position. However, there are areas of concern, such as the increase in SG&A expenses and the need to manage long-term debt.V. Recommendations1. Cost Control: XYZ Corporation should focus on managing SG&A expenses to improve profitability.2. Debt Management: The company should consider strategies to manage long-term debt, such as refinancing or paying down existing debt.3. Investment in Research and Development: Investing in research and development can help the company stay competitive in the technology industry.VI. 中文摘要本报告旨在全面分析XYZ公司过去一个财年的财务表现。
财务报告分析双语课程(3篇)
第1篇IntroductionThe Bilingual Course on Financial Report Analysis has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing demand for professionals who can effectively communicate and analyze financial information across different languages and cultures. This course aims to equip studentswith the necessary skills to understand and interpret financial reports, regardless of the language in which they are presented. In this analysis, we will delve into the course structure, teaching methods, benefits, and challenges associated with the Bilingual Course on Financial Report Analysis.Course StructureThe Bilingual Course on Financial Report Analysis is typically designed to be a comprehensive program that covers various aspects of financial reporting. The course structure may include the following components:1. Introduction to Financial Reporting: This section provides anoverview of the purpose and importance of financial reporting, as wellas an introduction to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).2. Understanding Financial Statements: Students learn to read and interpret financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. This section emphasizes the keyratios and metrics used to analyze a company's financial performance.3. Financial Analysis Techniques: The course covers various techniques used to analyze financial reports, such as horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and ratio analysis. Students are also introduced to theconcept of financial forecasting and budgeting.4. Special Topics: This section may include specialized topics such as international financial reporting, accounting for financial instruments, and consolidated financial statements.5. Practical Application: The course often includes practical exercises and case studies to help students apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios.Teaching MethodsThe teaching methods employed in the Bilingual Course on Financial Report Analysis are designed to ensure that students can effectively learn and retain the material. These methods may include:1. Lectures: Lectures are a common teaching method, where instructors provide a structured presentation of the key concepts and principles of financial report analysis.2. Interactive Discussions: Group discussions and interactive sessions encourage students to engage with the material and share their insights and experiences.3. Workshops: Workshops provide hands-on experience with financial reports, allowing students to practice their analysis skills in a controlled environment.4. Guest Speakers: Inviting industry professionals to share their expertise can provide students with valuable insights into the practical aspects of financial report analysis.5. Online Resources: The use of online resources, such as e-books, webinars, and interactive tools, can enhance the learning experience and provide additional support for students.BenefitsThe Bilingual Course on Financial Report Analysis offers severalbenefits to students and professionals alike:1. Cross-cultural Competence: By studying financial report analysis in two languages, students develop a unique skill set that is highly valued in today's global business environment.2. Enhanced Analytical Skills: The course equips students with the tools and techniques necessary to analyze financial information effectively, which is crucial for making informed business decisions.3. Career Opportunities: The demand for bilingual financial analysts is growing, and graduates of this course are well-positioned to secure employment in multinational corporations, financial institutions, and consulting firms.4. Networking: The course provides opportunities for students to connect with industry professionals and peers, which can lead to valuable networking opportunities and potential job placements.ChallengesDespite its benefits, the Bilingual Course on Financial Report Analysis also presents some challenges:1. Language Barriers: For students who are not fluent in both languages, the course material can be challenging to understand and master.2. Cultural Differences: The interpretation of financial information can vary across cultures, which requires students to be aware of and adapt to these differences.3. Time Management: The course workload can be demanding, especially for students who are balancing other academic or professional responsibilities.4. Accreditation and Recognition: Ensuring that the course meets international standards and is recognized by employers can be a challenge.ConclusionThe Bilingual Course on Financial Report Analysis is an invaluable program that prepares students for the complexities of the global financial landscape. By combining language skills with financial knowledge, students can develop a unique skill set that is highly sought after in today's interconnected world. While challenges exist, thebenefits of this course far outweigh the drawbacks, making it anexcellent choice for those interested in a career in finance or accounting.第2篇一、课程概述随着全球化的深入发展，财务报告分析在国际商务和财务管理中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
英文版财务报告分析(3篇)
第1篇Executive SummaryThis report provides a comprehensive analysis of XYZ Corporation's financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. The analysis focuses on key financial metrics, liquidity, profitability, solvency, and investment activities. The report aims to provide insights into the financial health and performance of XYZ Corporation, highlighting its strengths and areas requiring improvement.IntroductionXYZ Corporation is a publicly traded company operating in the technology sector. The company specializes in the development and manufacturing of cutting-edge electronics and software solutions. The financial reportfor the fiscal year 2022 provides a snapshot of the company's financial performance during the period.Liquidity AnalysisCurrent RatioThe current ratio is a measure of a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations. XYZ Corporation's current ratio for the fiscal year 2022 was 2.5, which indicates that the company has $2.50 in current assets for every $1 of current liabilities. This ratio is well above the industry average, suggesting that XYZ Corporation has a strong liquidity position.Quick RatioThe quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, measures a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations without relying on the sale of inventory. XYZ Corporation's quick ratio for the fiscal year 2022 was 1.8. This ratio is also above the industry average, indicating that the company can cover its current liabilities without liquidating inventory.Working CapitalWorking capital is the difference between a company's current assets and current liabilities. XYZ Corporation's working capital for the fiscal year 2022 was $50 million, which is a significant improvement over the previous year. This increase in working capital reflects the company's strong liquidity position and ability to fund its operations.Profitability AnalysisGross MarginGross margin is a measure of a company's profitability, calculated as the percentage of revenue remaining after deducting the cost of goods sold. XYZ Corporation's gross margin for the fiscal year 2022 was 35%, which is slightly lower than the industry average. This decrease in gross margin can be attributed to increased raw material costs and higher research and development expenses.Net MarginNet margin is a measure of a company's overall profitability, calculated as the percentage of revenue remaining after all expenses, including taxes, are deducted. XYZ Corporation's net margin for the fiscal year 2022 was 15%, which is in line with the industry average. The company's net margin has remained stable over the past few years, indicating a consistent level of profitability.Return on Assets (ROA)Return on assets is a measure of how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate earnings. XYZ Corporation's ROA for the fiscal year 2022 was 8%, which is slightly lower than the industry average. This indicates that the company could potentially improve its assetutilization to enhance profitability.Solvency AnalysisDebt-to-Equity RatioThe debt-to-equity ratio measures a company's financial leverage and its ability to meet long-term obligations. XYZ Corporation's debt-to-equityratio for the fiscal year 2022 was 1.2, which is slightly below the industry average. This ratio suggests that the company has a moderate level of financial leverage and is in a good position to meet its long-term obligations.Interest Coverage RatioThe interest coverage ratio measures a company's ability to cover its interest expenses with its operating income. XYZ Corporation's interest coverage ratio for the fiscal year 2022 was 4.5, which is well above the industry average. This indicates that the company has a strong ability to cover its interest expenses and is not at risk of defaulting on its debt.Investment ActivitiesCapital Expenditures (CapEx)Capital expenditures represent the investments made by a company in its long-term assets. XYZ Corporation's capital expenditures for the fiscal year 2022 were $100 million, which was a significant increase over the previous year. This increase in CapEx was primarily driven by investments in new manufacturing facilities and research and development projects.Dividends PaidDividends paid are the distributions made to shareholders from a company's earnings. XYZ Corporation paid $30 million in dividends to its shareholders during the fiscal year 2022. This amount represents a 10% increase over the previous year, reflecting the company's commitment to returning value to its shareholders.ConclusionXYZ Corporation's financial report for the fiscal year 2022 indicates a strong liquidity position, stable profitability, and moderate financial leverage. The company has made significant investments in its long-term assets, which should contribute to its future growth and profitability. However, the decrease in gross margin and the need to improve assetutilization suggest that there are areas requiring attention and potential improvement.Recommendations1. XYZ Corporation should continue to monitor its cost of goods sold and explore opportunities to reduce expenses.2. The company should focus on improving its asset utilization to enhance its return on assets.3. XYZ Corporation should maintain its strong liquidity position to ensure it can meet its short-term and long-term obligations.4. The company should continue to invest in research and development to maintain its competitive edge in the technology sector.By addressing these recommendations, XYZ Corporation can further strengthen its financial position and achieve sustainable growth in the future.第2篇Executive SummaryThis analysis delves into the financial performance of XYZ Corporation over the past fiscal year. By examining key financial statements, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and operational efficiency. This report will also highlight the major trends and challenges faced by the company, along with recommendations for improvement.IntroductionXYZ Corporation, a leading player in the [industry sector], has been operating in the market for [number of years]. The company has a diverse product portfolio and operates in [number of countries]. This analysis focuses on the financial statements for the fiscal year ended [financial year end date].1. Income Statement Analysis1.1 Revenue AnalysisThe total revenue for XYZ Corporation for the fiscal year ended [financial year end date] was [amount], an increase of [percentage] compared to the previous year. The revenue growth can be attributed to the expansion of the product line, successful marketing campaigns, and increased market share.1.2 Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) AnalysisThe COGS for XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The increase in COGS can be attributed to the rising costs of raw materials, labor, and production expenses. However, the COGS as a percentage of revenue remained stable at [percentage], indicating that the company has managed to control its cost structure.1.3 Gross Profit AnalysisThe gross profit for XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. This can be attributed to the revenue growth and effective cost management. The gross profit margin remained at [percentage], which is in line with industry averages.1.4 Operating Expenses AnalysisOperating expenses for XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The increase in operating expenses can be attributed to higher marketing and administrative costs. However, the operating expenses as a percentage of revenue remained stable at [percentage], indicating that the company has managed to control its cost structure.1.5 Net Profit AnalysisThe net profit for XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The company's net profit margin remained at [percentage], which is in line with industry averages.2. Balance Sheet Analysis2.1 Asset AnalysisThe total assets of XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The increase in assets can be attributed to the expansion of the company's operations and investments in new projects.2.2 Liability AnalysisThe total liabilities of XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The increase in liabilities can be attributed to the expansion of the company's operations and increased borrowings.2.3 Equity AnalysisThe total equity of XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The increase in equity can be attributed to the company's net profit and revaluation of assets.3. Cash Flow Statement Analysis3.1 Operating Cash Flow AnalysisThe operating cash flow for XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. This can be attributed to the increase in net profit and effective management of working capital.3.2 Investing Cash Flow AnalysisThe investing cash flow for XYZ Corporation decreased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The decrease in investing cash flow can be attributed to the reduced capital expenditure on new projects.3.3 Financing Cash Flow AnalysisThe financing cash flow for XYZ Corporation increased by [percentage] to [amount] during the fiscal year. The increase in financing cash flow can be attributed to the issuance of new shares and repayment of long-term debt.4. Key Ratios Analysis4.1 Profitability Ratios- Gross Profit Margin: [percentage]- Net Profit Margin: [percentage]- Return on Assets (ROA): [percentage]- Return on Equity (ROE): [percentage]4.2 Liquidity Ratios- Current Ratio: [number]- Quick Ratio: [number]4.3 Solvency Ratios- Debt-to-Equity Ratio: [number]- Interest Coverage Ratio: [number]5. Conclusion and RecommendationsXYZ Corporation has demonstrated strong financial performance over the past fiscal year, with revenue and net profit increasing significantly. However, the company faces several challenges, including rising costs, increased competition, and economic uncertainties.Recommendations:- Focus on cost optimization to improve profitability.- Invest in research and development to enhance product offerings.- Strengthen marketing strategies to maintain market share.- Diversify revenue streams to reduce dependency on a single product or market.- Monitor economic indicators and adjust strategies accordingly.By implementing these recommendations, XYZ Corporation can continue to grow and remain competitive in the market.Appendix- Financial Statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement)- Key Ratios Calculation- Graphs and Charts illustrating financial trends[Note: This report is a sample and should be customized with actual data and company-specific details.]第3篇IntroductionThe financial report analysis is an essential tool for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to evaluate the financial performance and stability of a company. This analysis involves examining the financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, to gain insights into the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of a fictional company's financial report, focusing on key financial ratios and metrics to assess its overall financial health.1. Overview of the CompanyCompany XYZ is a publicly-traded multinational corporation specializing in the manufacturing and distribution of consumer goods. The company operates in various regions, with a diverse product portfolio that includes electronics, home appliances, and personal care products. Over the past few years, Company XYZ has experienced significant growth, expanding its market share and generating substantial revenue.2. Financial Statements Analysis2.1 Balance SheetThe balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's financialposition at a specific point in time. The key components of the balance sheet include assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity.a. AssetsCompany XYZ's assets are categorized into current assets and non-current assets. Current assets include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and other liquid assets that can be converted into cash within one year.Non-current assets include property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets, and long-term investments.The analysis of Company XYZ's balance sheet reveals that the company has a strong current asset position, with a current ratio of 2.5. This indicates that the company has sufficient liquidity to meet its short-term obligations. Additionally, the company's inventory turnover ratioof 5.2 suggests efficient inventory management and a healthy level of inventory turnover.b. LiabilitiesLiabilities are classified as current liabilities and long-term liabilities. Current liabilities include accounts payable, short-term debt, and other obligations due within one year. Long-term liabilities encompass long-term debt and deferred tax liabilities.The company's current ratio of 2.5 also reflects a healthy level of current liabilities, which are primarily composed of accounts payableand short-term debt. This indicates that the company has a manageable level of short-term debt and is able to cover its obligations with its current assets.c. Shareholders' EquityShareholders' equity represents the residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting liabilities. It is composed of common stock, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings, and other comprehensive income.Company XYZ's shareholders' equity has grown significantly over the years, reflecting the company's profitability and reinvestment of earnings. The company has also issued additional shares to raise capital, which has contributed to the increase in shareholders' equity.2.2 Income StatementThe income statement provides information about the company's revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period. The key components of the income statement include sales, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and net income.a. SalesCompany XYZ has experienced consistent sales growth, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% over the past five years. This growth can be attributed to the company's expanding market share, new product launches, and effective marketing strategies.b. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)The COGS represents the direct costs associated with the production of goods sold by the company. The analysis of Company XYZ's COGS reveals that it has been decreasing over the years, reflecting improved production efficiency and cost control measures.c. Operating ExpensesOperating expenses include selling, general, and administrative expenses (SG&A) and research and development (R&D) expenses. Company XYZ has successfully managed its operating expenses, with a trend of decreasing SG&A expenses and stable R&D expenses.d. Net IncomeThe net income is the final result of the income statement and represents the company's profit after all expenses have been deducted from revenues. Company XYZ has demonstrated strong profitability, with a net income margin of 10% over the past five years.2.3 Cash Flow StatementThe cash flow statement provides information about the company's cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities.a. Operating Cash FlowCompany XYZ has generated positive operating cash flow over the years, which is essential for maintaining liquidity and funding growth initiatives. The company's operating cash flow margin has remained stable, indicating consistent profitability.b. Investing Cash FlowThe investing cash flow represents the company's cash flows from the purchase and sale of long-term assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and investments. Company XYZ has invested in new manufacturing facilities and acquired other companies to expand its market presence.c. Financing Cash FlowThe financing cash flow includes cash flows from the issuance and repayment of debt, as well as equity financing. Company XYZ has raised capital through the issuance of new shares and long-term debt to fund its expansion plans.3. Financial Ratios and Metrics3.1 Profitability Ratiosa. Return on Assets (ROA)ROA measures the company's ability to generate profit from its assets. Company XYZ has a ROA of 5%, indicating that it is generating a reasonable return on its assets.b. Return on Equity (ROE)ROE measures the company's profitability from the perspective of its shareholders. Company XYZ has a ROE of 15%, reflecting its strong profitability and efficient use of shareholders' equity.3.2 Liquidity Ratiosa. Current RatioThe current ratio of 2.5 indicates that Company XYZ has a strong liquidity position, with sufficient current assets to cover its current liabilities.b. Quick RatioThe quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, measures the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations without relying on inventory. Company XYZ has a quick ratio of 2.0, suggesting a robust liquidity position.3.3 Solvency Ratiosa. Debt-to-Equity RatioThe debt-to-equity ratio of 0.8 indicates that Company XYZ has a moderate level of leverage, with debt financing accounting for a significant portion of its capital structure.b. Interest Coverage RatioThe interest coverage ratio of 5.0 indicates that Company XYZ has sufficient earnings to cover its interest expenses, reflecting a strong financial position.3.4 Efficiency Ratiosa. Inventory Turnover RatioThe inventory turnover ratio of 5.2 suggests that Company XYZ is efficiently managing its inventory, with a high level of inventory turnover.b. Receivables Turnover RatioThe receivables turnover ratio of 10.0 indicates that Company XYZ is collecting its accounts receivable quickly, reducing the risk of bad debt.ConclusionBased on the analysis of Company XYZ's financial report, it is evident that the company has demonstrated strong financial performance and stability. The company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency ratios indicate a healthy financial position, supported by consistent revenue growth, effective cost management, and efficient use of assets and liabilities. As such, Company XYZ appears to be a solid investment opportunity for potential investors and creditors.。
财务报表中英文对照全集文档
财务报表中英文对照全集文档(可以直接使用，可编辑实用优质文档，欢迎下载）财务报表中英文对照1.资产负债表Balance Sheet2.利润表NCOME STATEMENT3.现金流量表Cash Flows Statement财务管理术语表Absorption costing 吸收成本法：Total Cost Methods全部成本法: 将某会计期间内发生的固定成本除以销售量，得出单位产品的固定成本，再加上单位变动成本，算出单位产品的总成本。
Accounting 会计：对企业活动的财务信息进行测量和综合，从而向股东、经理和员工提供企业活动的信息。
请参看管理会计和财务会计。
Accounting convention会计原则：会计师在会计报表的处理中所遵循的原则或惯例。
正因为有了这些原则，不同企业的会计报表以及同一企业不同时期的会计报表才具有可比性.如果会计原则在实行中发生了一些变化，那么审计师就应该在年度报表附注中对此进行披露。
Accounts 会计报表和账簿: 这是英国的叫法，在美国，会计报表或财务报表叫做Financial Statements，是指企业对其财务活动的记录。
Chief financial officerAccounts payable应付账款: 这是美国的叫法，在英国，应付账款叫做Creditors，是指公司从供应商处购买货物、但尚未支付的货款。
Accounts receivable 应收账款:这是美国的叫法，在英国,应收账款叫做Debtors,是指客户从公司购买商品或服务，公司已经对其开具发票,但客户尚未支付的货款。
Accrual accounting 权责发生制会计:这种方法在确认收入和费用时,不考虑交易发生时有没有现金流的变化。
比如,公司购买一项机器设备，要等到好几个月才支付现金，但会计师却在购买当时就确认这项费用。
如果不使用权责发生制会计，那么该会计系统称作“收付制”或“现金会计”。
财务报表分析中英文对照外文翻译文献编辑
财务报表分析中英文对照外文翻译文献编辑Introduction:Financial statement analysis is an essential tool used by businesses and investors to evaluate the financial performance and position of a company. It involves the examination of financial statements such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement to assess the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. In this document, we will provide a detailed analysis and translation of foreign literature related to financial statement analysis.1. Importance of Financial Statement Analysis:Financial statement analysis provides valuable insights into a company's financial health and helps stakeholders make informed decisions. It enables investors to assess the profitability and growth potential of a company before making investment decisions. Additionally, it helps creditors evaluate the creditworthiness and repayment capacity of a company before extending credit. Furthermore, financial statement analysis assists management in identifying areas of improvement and making strategic decisions to enhance the company's performance.2. Key Elements of Financial Statement Analysis:a) Balance Sheet Analysis:The balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It presents the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity. By analyzing the balance sheet, stakeholders can assess the company's liquidity, solvency, and financial stability.b) Income Statement Analysis:The income statement, also known as the profit and loss statement, presents the company's revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period. It helps stakeholders evaluate the company's profitability, revenue growth, and cost management.c) Cash Flow Statement Analysis:The cash flow statement details the inflows and outflows of cash during a specific period. It provides insights into the company's operating, investing, and financing activities. By analyzing the cash flow statement, stakeholders can assess the company's ability to generate cash, meet its financial obligations, and fund its growth.3. Financial Ratios for Analysis:Financial ratios are essential tools used in financial statement analysis to assess a company's performance and compare it with industry benchmarks. Some commonly used financial ratios include:a) Liquidity Ratios:- Current Ratio: Measures a company's ability to meet short-term obligations.- Quick Ratio: Measures a company's ability to meet short-term obligations without relying on inventory.b) Solvency Ratios:- Debt-to-Equity Ratio: Measures the proportion of debt to equity in a company's capital structure.- Interest Coverage Ratio: Measures a company's ability to meet interest payments on its debt.c) Profitability Ratios:- Gross Profit Margin: Measures the profitability of a company's core operations.- Net Profit Margin: Measures the profitability of a company after all expenses, including taxes.d) Efficiency Ratios:- Inventory Turnover Ratio: Measures how quickly a company sells its inventory.- Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio: Measures how quickly a company collects cash from its customers.4. Translation of Foreign Literature:In this section, we will provide a translation of key points from foreign literature related to financial statement analysis. The literature emphasizes the importance of accurate financial reporting, the use of financial ratios for analysis, and the interpretation of financial statements to make informed decisions.Conclusion:Financial statement analysis is a crucial process for evaluating a company's financial performance and position. It provides valuable insights into a company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. By analyzing financial statements and using financial ratios, stakeholders can make informed decisions regarding investments, credit extension, and strategic planning. Accurate translation and understanding of foreign literature related to financial statement analysis can further enhance the effectiveness of this process.。
英文版文献财务报告分析(3篇)
第1篇Financial reporting analysis is a crucial aspect of assessing the financial health and performance of a company. This review delves into various aspects of financial reporting analysis, including its significance, methodologies, and challenges. By examining the existing literature, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject.IntroductionFinancial reporting is a process through which companies communicate their financial performance and position to stakeholders. Financial reporting analysis involves the examination and interpretation of financial statements to assess the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. This analysis is vital for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions.Significance of Financial Reporting Analysis1. Investor Decision-Making: Financial reporting analysis helps investors evaluate the profitability, stability, and growth prospects of a company. By analyzing financial statements, investors can determine the fair value of stocks and make informed investment decisions.2. Credit Risk Assessment: Financial reporting analysis is crucial for creditors in assessing the creditworthiness of a company. By analyzing financial ratios and trends, creditors can determine the likelihood of default and set appropriate interest rates.3. Regulatory Compliance: Financial reporting analysis ensures that companies comply with regulatory requirements. By analyzing financial statements, auditors and regulators can verify the accuracy and completeness of financial reports.4. Performance Evaluation: Financial reporting analysis enables managers to evaluate the performance of their company and identify areas for improvement. By comparing financial ratios and trends over time, managers can assess the effectiveness of their strategies and operations.Methodologies of Financial Reporting Analysis1. Horizontal Analysis: Horizontal analysis involves comparing financial statements over multiple periods to identify trends and patterns. This method helps in assessing the growth rate and stability of a company's financial performance.2. Vertical Analysis: Vertical analysis involves expressing each item ina financial statement as a percentage of a base figure, typically total assets or total liabilities and equity. This method helps in understanding the composition and structure of a company's financial position.3. Ratio Analysis: Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting various financial ratios to assess a company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. Common ratios include current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, return on assets, and return on equity.4. Cash Flow Analysis: Cash flow analysis involves examining a company's cash inflows and outflows to assess its liquidity and financial stability. This analysis helps in understanding the sources and uses of cash and identifying potential cash flow issues.Challenges in Financial Reporting Analysis1. Complexity of Financial Statements: Financial statements can be complex and contain technical jargon, making it challenging for individuals without a financial background to understand them.2. Earnings Manipulation: Companies may manipulate their financial statements to portray a better financial position than reality. This can be done through various accounting practices, such as aggressive revenue recognition or deferred expenses.3. Volatility of Financial Markets: Financial markets can be volatile, making it difficult to assess the long-term performance of a company based on short-term results.4. Limited Access to Information: Some companies may not providesufficient information in their financial reports, making it challenging to conduct a comprehensive analysis.ConclusionFinancial reporting analysis is a vital tool for assessing the financial health and performance of a company. By examining financial statements, stakeholders can make informed decisions regarding investment, credit, and regulatory compliance. However, the complexity of financial statements, potential earnings manipulation, and market volatility pose challenges to effective financial reporting analysis. It is essentialfor individuals to stay updated with the latest methodologies and techniques to conduct a thorough and accurate analysis.References1. Ball, R., & Brown, P. (1968). An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. Journal of Accounting Research, 6(1), 159-178.2. Ohlson, J. A. (1995). Earnings, book values, and dividends: Implications for valuation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 19(2), 293-324.3. Dechow, P. M., Hwang, W., & Subramanyam, K. R. (1995). The value relevance of accounting information: Price and return effects ofearnings announcements. The Accounting Review, 70(1), 59-82.4. Beaver, W. H. (1968). Financial reporting and control. Prentice-Hall.5. Ohlson, J. A., & Ohlson, L. A. (2005). Earnings management: A behavioral view. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1), 3-28.第2篇Abstract:This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on financial report analysis. It explores various methodologies, tools, and techniques used in the analysis of financial reports, including ratio analysis, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and cash flow analysis.The paper also discusses the importance of financial report analysis in decision-making processes, the challenges faced by analysts, and the impact of technology on the field. Furthermore, it examines the ethical considerations involved in financial reporting and analysis.Introduction:Financial report analysis is a critical tool for stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and management, to assess the financial health and performance of an organization. It involves the examination of financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, to extract meaningful insights. This literature review aims to synthesize the existing research on financial report analysis, highlighting key methodologies, challenges, and future directions.Methodology:The review is based on a comprehensive search of academic databases, including Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ScienceDirect, using keywords such as "financial report analysis," "financial statement analysis," "ratio analysis," "horizontal analysis," "vertical analysis," and "cash flow analysis." The selected articles are categorized based on their methodologies, focus areas, and contributions to the field.Literature Review:1. Ratio Analysis:Ratio analysis is one of the most widely used tools in financial report analysis. It involves the calculation of various ratios, such asliquidity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, and efficiency ratios, to assess the financial performance and stability of a company (Hickman & Warren, 2003). According to research by Ball & Brown (1968), ratio analysis can be a powerful tool for predicting future financial performance.2. Horizontal Analysis:Horizontal analysis, also known as trend analysis, involves comparing financial data over multiple periods to identify trends and patterns(Shannon, 2004). This methodology is particularly useful for identifying changes in financial performance over time and for assessing the effectiveness of management decisions (Hillson, 2001).3. Vertical Analysis:Vertical analysis, or common-size analysis, involves expressingfinancial statement items as a percentage of a base figure, typically total assets or total sales (Dunstan & Hyett, 1997). This approach allows for the comparison of financial statements across different companies or over time, providing a clearer picture of the relative importance of different items (Friedman, 1986).4. Cash Flow Analysis:Cash flow analysis is essential for understanding the cash-generating ability of a company. It involves examining the cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities (Harvey, 2003). According to research by Solt, 2001, cash flow analysis iscrucial for assessing the financial sustainability of a company and for making investment decisions.5. Technological Advancements:The advent of technology has significantly impacted financial report analysis. Advanced software and tools, such as Excel, SAP, and Oracle, have made it easier to perform complex analyses and generate accurate reports (Smith & Watson, 2010). Moreover, the rise of big data analytics has enabled analysts to extract more meaningful insights from large datasets (Davenport & Patil, 2012).6. Ethical Considerations:Ethical considerations play a crucial role in financial report analysis. Analysts must ensure the accuracy and reliability of their analyses, avoid conflicts of interest, and maintain confidentiality (Ott & Mace, 2007). The ethical implications of financial reporting and analysis are further emphasized by research by Dechow et al. (1996).7. Challenges and Future Directions:Despite the advancements in financial report analysis, severalchallenges remain. These include the complexity of financial reporting standards, the availability of quality data, and the need for continuous learning and adaptation (Baker & Nair, 2006). Future research should focus on developing new methodologies, improving data quality, and addressing ethical concerns (Atrill & McLaney, 2016).Conclusion:Financial report analysis is a vital tool for stakeholders to assess the financial health and performance of an organization. This literature review has explored various methodologies, tools, and techniques used in financial report analysis, highlighting the importance of ratio analysis, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and cash flow analysis. The review also discusses the impact of technology, ethical considerations, and challenges in the field. As the financial landscape continues to evolve, it is crucial for researchers and practitioners to stay informed about the latest developments and advancements in financial report analysis.References:- Atrill, P., & McLaney, E. (2016). Financial management for non-financial managers. Financial Times/Prentice Hall.- Baker, R. C., & Nair, V. (2006). Challenges in financial reporting and analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 25(5), 747-765.- Ball, R., & Brown, P. (1968). An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. Journal of Business, 41(2), 71-91.- Davenport, T. H., & Patil, D. J. (2012). Big data: A revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think. Harvard Business Review Press.- Dechow, P. M., Hermalin, B., & Welch, I. (1996). The quality of accounting information and the cost of capital. Journal of Accountingand Economics, 21(1), 1-33.- Dunstan, P., & Hyett, C. (1997). Vertical analysis: A forgotten tool? Accounting and Business Research, 27(4), 259-268.- Friedman, M. (1986). A monetary history of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton University Press.- Harvey, C. R. (2003). The cash flow statement: An analysis and interpretation guide. John Wiley & Sons.- Hillson, D. (2001). Financial analysis: An introduction to concepts, tools, and techniques. Financial Times/Prentice Hall.- Hickman, K. C., & Warren, J. D. (2003). Financial accounting. John Wiley & Sons.- Ott, C. M., & Mace, T. E. (2007). Ethical decision-making in accounting. John Wiley & Sons.- Shannon, D. (2004). Financial statement analysis. John Wiley & Sons.- Solt, G. T. (2001). Cash flow statement analysis: A comprehensive guide to interpreting cash flow statements. John Wiley & Sons.- Smith, J., & Watson, D. (2010). Management accounting. Financial Times/Prentice Hall.第3篇IntroductionFinancial reporting is a crucial aspect of corporate governance and transparency. It provides stakeholders with essential information about an organization's financial performance, position, and cash flows. This literature review aims to analyze various aspects of financial reports, including their structure, content, and the impact they have on investors, creditors, and other stakeholders. The review will cover key theories, methodologies, and findings from existing literature.Structure and Content of Financial ReportsFinancial reports typically consist of several key components, including the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and notes tothe financial statements. These components provide a comprehensive overview of an organization's financial health and performance.1. Balance Sheet: The balance sheet presents a snapshot of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time. It lists the organization's assets, liabilities, and equity. Assets representwhat the organization owns, liabilities represent what it owes, and equity represents the owners' claim on the assets.2. Income Statement: The income statement provides information about an organization's revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period. It shows how much revenue the organization generated and how much it spent to generate that revenue.3. Cash Flow Statement: The cash flow statement tracks the inflows and outflows of cash within an organization over a specific period. It is divided into three sections: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. This statement helps stakeholders understand the organization's liquidity and cash-generating ability.4. Notes to the Financial Statements: These notes provide additional information and explanations to the financial statements. They include details about accounting policies, significant accounting estimates, and other relevant information that is not presented in the primaryfinancial statements.Theoretical FrameworkSeveral theories have been developed to explain the purpose and impactof financial reporting. The following are some of the key theories:1. Information Asymmetry Theory: This theory suggests that there is a significant information gap between managers and investors. Financial reporting is seen as a mechanism to reduce this information asymmetryand provide investors with better decision-making information.2. Agency Theory: Agency theory focuses on the relationship between principals (investors) and agents (managers). Financial reporting isseen as a way to monitor and control the actions of managers to ensure they act in the best interest of the owners.3. Stakeholder Theory: Stakeholder theory emphasizes the importance of considering the interests of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and the community. Financial reporting is seen as a means to communicate with these stakeholders and demonstrate social responsibility.Methodologies for Analyzing Financial ReportsSeveral methodologies can be used to analyze financial reports, including:1. Horizontal Analysis: This method involves comparing financial data over different periods to identify trends and patterns. It helps stakeholders understand how an organization's financial performance has changed over time.2. Vertical Analysis: This method involves expressing each item in the financial statements as a percentage of a base figure, such as total assets or total revenues. This allows stakeholders to compare the relative importance of different items within the financial statements.3. Ratio Analysis: This method involves calculating various financial ratios to assess an organization's financial performance and stability. Common ratios include liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and solvency ratios.Impact of Financial Reports on StakeholdersFinancial reports have a significant impact on various stakeholders:1. Investors: Investors use financial reports to evaluate the financial health and performance of potential investments. They rely on this information to make informed decisions about buying, holding, or selling stocks and bonds.2. Creditors: Creditors use financial reports to assess the creditworthiness of a borrower. They analyze the financial statements todetermine the likelihood of repayment and the risk associated with lending money.3. Regulatory Bodies: Regulatory bodies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), require organizations to file financial reports to ensure compliance with financial reporting standards and regulations.4. Employees: Employees may use financial reports to assess thefinancial stability and growth prospects of their employer. This information can influence their decision to join, stay with, or leave the organization.5. Community and Environment: Financial reports can also provideinsights into an organization's impact on the community and environment. This information can be used to evaluate the organization's social and environmental responsibility.ConclusionFinancial reports play a critical role in providing stakeholders with essential information about an organization's financial performance and position. This literature review has explored the structure and content of financial reports, the theoretical framework underlying them, methodologies for their analysis, and their impact on various stakeholders. Understanding the importance of financial reporting is crucial for effective decision-making and governance in organizations.References- Ball, R., & Brown, P. (1968). An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. Journal of Accounting Research, 6(1), 159-178.- DeFond, M. L., & Francis, J. (2000). The role of accounting information in capital markets: Some implications of the economic theory of information. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 29(1), 3-37.- FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board). (2018). Accounting standards codification. Norwalk, CT: FASB.- Ohlson, J. A. (1995). Earnings, book values, and dividends: Implications for valuation. Journal of Accounting Research, 33(1), 1-36.- Van Der Stede, W. A. (2014). Financial accounting theory and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.。
财务报表分析(双语)chapter4
Chapter 4, Slide #17
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Single-step Form
Revenue Net sales Interest income
XYZ COMPANY Income Statement For The Year Ended December 31, 2008
$50,000 3,000 15,000 $68,000 $30,000 5,000 3,200
An income statement, known as a Profit and Loss Statement, is a summary reporting profitability or the operating result of a business for an accounting period, such as one month, one quarter, or one year.
Conception of Income Statement
What Is an Income Statement?
What is Income Statement used for? The basis of Income Statement .
What Is an Income Statement?
200
3,000 $41,400
Net Income
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财务报表分析之我见【摘要】财务报表是揭示企业财务信息的基本手段，是财务报告的核心。
随着我国市场经济的发展和不断完善，人们日益认识到财务报表分析的重要性。
通过分析财务报表，能评价企业过去的经营成果、衡量企业目前的财务状况并预测企业未来的发展趋势。
因此，对财务报表的使用者来说，分析利用好财务报表显得至关重要。
但由于传统的、常用的财务报表分析存在一定的局限，这给我们正确理解财务信息造成一定的障碍。
本文针对我国现行财务报表分析存在的局限性，探讨其解决对策，以期为完善和发展我国的财务报表分析体系提供新的思路和方法。
【关键词】财务报表分析方法局限性对策建议一、财务报表分析概述财务报表分析是指以财务报表和其他资料作为依据和起点，采用专门方法，系统分析和评价企业的过去和现在的经营成果、财务状况及其变动，目的是了解过去、评价现在、预测未来，帮助利益关系集团改善决策。
财务分析的基本功能是将大量的报表数据转换成对特定决策有用的信息，减少决策的不确定性。
财务分析的方法有比较分析法和因素分析法，其中，比较分析法中财务比率的比较是最重要的分析，它们通过相对数比较，排除了企业规模的影响使不同比较对象在不同时期和不同行业之间建立起可比性，反映了各会计要素之间内在联系。
企业基本的财务比率可以分为四类：即变现能力比率、资产管理比率、负债比率和盈利能力比率。
不同的财务比率在企业的财务管理中发挥着不同的作用。
（一）变现能力比率主要有流动比率和速动比率，通过对这些比率的计算和分析，用以评价企业变现的能力和反映企业的短期偿债能力，它取决于企业可以在近期转变为现金的流动资产的多少。
（二）资产管理比率。
包括营业周期、存货周转率、应收账款周转率、流动资产周转率和总资产周转率。
这些比率是用来衡量企业资产管理效率的重要财务比率。
（三）负债比率。
主要包括资产负债率、产权比率、有形净值债务率和已获利息倍数。
通过报表中有关数据计算这些比率来分析权益与资产之间的关系，分析不同权益之间的内在联系，用以评价企业的长期偿债能力。
二、财务报表分析中存在的问题(一) 财务报表分析人员存在的局限性一方面，财务分析人员的分析能力存在差异。
由于财务报表分析人员的业务素质和能力水平存在差异，不同的分析人员在财务报表分析的相关理论、分析方法和解读财务报表等各方面知识的掌握程度不同，导致其对分析指标计算结果的理解和认识出现差异，这势必会影响报表分析的结果。
另一方面，进行财务报表分析时，还存在人为操纵分析指标的可能性。
通过采用不同的计算方法得出不同的分析指标，以达到粉饰企业经营业绩的目的。
(二) 财务报表分析方法存在的局限性财务报表分析方法有比较分析法、比率分析法、趋势分析法以及因素分析法等，这些方法各自有其优越性，但同时也存在着局限性。
1、比较分析法。
由于不同企业间、同一企业的不同时期情况各异，在比较分析时其数据难免会缺乏可比性。
2、比率分析法。
财务比率是由两个相关项目相比而得到的相对数，事实上影响该项比率的因素有很多，不能仅仅用两个项目表达出来，以致分析时难以全面衡量。
3、趋势分析法。
是与企业以前年度纵向比较的结果，得出的发展趋势是以以前年度为参照，然而过去的状况并不一定是合理的所以分析的结果难免出现偏差。
4、因素分析法。
用此方法进行分析时，需注意分析的相关性、替代的顺序性、前提的假定性、替代的连环性等问题，可见其适用范围存在诸多限制，且需要人为的逻辑判断，因而存在一定的局限性。
(三) 财务报表分析指标存在的局限性在现行的财务报表分析体系中，主要根据财务分析指标对企业的经营状况进行分析，为管理者经营决策提供参考依据。
但是，由于报表在信息披露方面存在局限性，使得财务报表分析难以全面化、系统化。
而且，随着市场经济的不断发展，现有的指标体系已经不能全面反映企业的经营状况，一些对企业有重大影响的非财务指标没有包括在内，如市场份额、产品质量和服务指标、人力资源指标、潜在盈利能力和持续盈利能力指标等。
虽然这些指标在会计计量和核算方面还存在一些困难，但这些指标对企业经营管理决策的影响日趋重要，如果不能充分揭示，就难以全面反映企业的软实力和经营状况。
（四）财务报表本身的局限性1、现行财务报表所提供的财务信息主要反映已发生的历史事项，它与使用者决策所需要的有关未来信息的相关性较低。
由于财务报表是报告历史事项，财务分析是对过去事项的检验，因而这些信息无论何时运用于决策过程中，都存在着一个重要假设，即过去是预测未来的合理基础。
2、现行财务报表主要反映能用货币计量的信息，而无法反映许多对企业财务状况和经营成果产生重大影响的重要信息，如企业的人员力资源状况、市场占有率等信息。
稳健原则要求预计可能的损失而不预计可能的收益，有可能夸大费用、少计资产和收益，而使报表数据不实。
正是由于财务报表存在着这些局限性，因而在进行财务分析时，必须首先确定财务报表本身信息的可靠性，否则难以真正实现财务报表分析的目的。
三、具体对策建议（一）对财务报表本身的改进对于历史成本的会计计量而言，我们不能完全摒弃，但是应当加以改进：一是加快提取折旧的速度，尽量缩小历史成本与现行成本的距离，到原有资产的保值，减少企业的损失；二是实行现行成本计价，改变传统的成本计价方法，使账面价更加接近现实价，缩小实际价值与变现价值的距离，增强企业财务报表的真实性。
（二）财务报表分析指标的改进首先，对于速动比率指标，凡是快速变现资产能力较强的都可以归入速动资产项目，所以可以用企业的货币资金、短期证券、应收票据、信誉好客户的应收账款或账龄小于 1年的应收账款，若企业的产品比较畅销，变现能力很强，还可以加上存货中产成品等作为速动资产，来计算企业的速动比率指标，则更能准确衡量企业快速变现资产的能力。
其次，对于流动比率指标，可以剔除不能变现的预付账款、预付费用等及流动性较差的且长期滞销而没有计提存货减值准备的存货和不良应收账款，来计算企业的流动比率，使之更能准确真实的反映企业的短期偿债能力。
再次，对于现金比率指标，反映即时付现能力，也是表明企业最坏情况下短期偿债能力如何的指标，应该包括货币资金和保持短期投资状态的短期投资净额(交易性金融资产)，而剔除短期股票投资套牢而转化为事实上的长期投资。
一般来说现金比率重要性不大，因为不可能要求企业用现金和短期证券投资来偿付全部的流动负债，但是当企业应收账款、存货的变现能力存在问题时，现金比率就显得很重要了。
（三）对财务报表分析方法体系的改进1、坚持定量分析与定性分析相结合。
现代企业不仅面对国内环境还要面对复杂多变的国际环境，这些外部环境有时很难定量，但会对企业财务报表状况和经营成果产生重要影响，比如会计报表外部信息等。
因此，我们在定量分析的基础上，需做出定性的判断，要充分发挥人员的丰富经验和量的精密计算两方面的作用，两者相互作用可使报表分析达到最优化，更好地反映真实情况，获得决策有用的信息。
2、坚持动态分析和静态分析相结合。
我们所看到的信息资料，特别是财务报表资料一般是静态的反映企业过去的或历史的经营情况，而企业的生产经营业务和财务活动是一个动态的发展过程，因此要进行动态分析，在了解过去情况的基础上，分析当前情况的可能结果对恰当预测企业未来有一定的帮助。
3、坚持个别分析与综合分析相结合。
要全面地看问题，而不是孤立片面地只看到个别财务指标的高与低，就得出好与坏的结论。
财务指标数值具有相对性，同一指标数值在不同的情况下反映不同的问题，甚至会得出相反的结论。
比如，资产运用效率中的应收账款周转率指标越高，一方面反映企业平均收账期越短，应收账款的收回越快，收账的效率高、质量好；而另一方面也可能是由于企业的信用政策过于严格所致，这也会给企业带来负面影响，丧失部分机会成本，使市场占有率下降等。
因此，在进行财务分析和评价时，单个指标不能说明问题，要根据某指标对其他方面可能产生的影响进行综合分析，才能得出正确结论。
总之，财务分析是对企业全方位的、系统的分析，必须考虑各种可能的影响因素，排除各因素对会计报表的影响，只有这样才能达到财务分析的目的，满足各方相关利益者的需求。
(四)提高财务报表分析人员的综合素质在财务报表分析过程中，财务分析人员起到了重要的作用。
管理层应从以下几个方面人手，全面提高财务报表分析人员的综合素质：1、重视对企业财务分析人员的教育培训，加强其财务会计学、经济学、统计学、企业管理和市场营销等各学科的学习，提高他们的综合业务素质，使其能够全面解读报表，并根据财务报表分析结果做出正确的判断，使分析人员在工作中逐步提高对问题的分析能力和判断能力。
2、鼓励财务分析人员熟练掌握各种财务分析软件和分析工具，在提高工作效率的同时，协助其得出正确的分析结果。
3、加强会计职业道德教育，树立正确的分析理念，为企业管理者的经营投资决策提供真实可靠的参考依据。
The statement analysis in my thoughtAbstract :The financial reporting is the essential method to promulgate the business finance information and the core of financial report. Along with our country market economy's development and consummates unceasingly, the people realize to the importance of the statement analysis day by day. Through the analysis financial reporting, can appraise the past management performance of enterprise, can weight present financial situation of enterprise, can forecasts future development trend of the enterprise. Therefore, to financial reporting's users , to analysis and uses the financial reporting well is very important. But as a result of traditional, commonly used statement analysis existence certain limitation, it creates certain barrier for us to correct understanding finance information. This article in view of our country present statement analysis existence's limitation, discusses its countermeasure solution, as to provide the new mentality and the method to consummate and develop our country's statement analysis system .Keyword:Statement analysis, method, l imitation, suggestion1. outline of statement analysisThe statement analysis is refers to takes the basis and the beginning by the financial reporting and other material, uses the special method, system analysis and the appraisal enterprise's past and present's management performance, the financial situation and the change, the goal will be to understand the past, appraisal now, the forecast future, helped the interest relations group improve the decision-making. The basic function of financial analysis is to transform the massive report data to the useful information for specific decision-making, reduces the uncertainty of the policy-makingFinancial analysis methods Including the comparison analytic method and the factor analytic method, compared with the analytic method in financial ratio's comparison is the most important analysis, They through the comparison of relative number, removed the enterprise size influence to cause the different comparison object establish the commeasure ability between the different time and the different profession, reflected the inner link between the essential factor in each accountant. The basic financial ratio of enterprise may divide into four kinds: Namely cash ability ratio, asset management ratio, debt ratio and profit ability ratio. The different financial ratio is playing the different role in enterprise's financial control.1.1 Cash ability ratioMainly has the current ratio and the quick ratio, through to these ratio's computation andthe analysis, with appraises the enterprise realization ability and the reflection enterprise'sshort-term credit capacity, it will be decided in how many cash current assets the enterprise may transform in the near future into.1.2 Asset management ratioIncluding business cycle, goods in stock cycling rate, account receivable cycling rate, current assets cycling rate and total assets cycling rate. These ratios are important financialratios to use for to weigh enterprise assets managerial effectiveness .1.3Debt ratioMainly includes the property ratio of debt to net worth, the equity ratio, the visible net worth debt rate and the interest multiple has attained. To calculates these ratios through the report form , then analyze the related data between the rights and interests and the property relations, analysis inner link between the different rights and interests, with appraises capacity of enterprise's long-term credit.2. In the statement analysis exist question2.1 The statement analysis staffs exist limitationone side , the statement analysis staffs analysis ability existence difference. As a result of the statement analysis personnel's professional quality and ability level existence difference, the different analysis staffs grasp the degree to be different in statement analysis's correlation theories, the analysis method and the explanation financial reporting and so on various aspects knowledge, cause it to analyze the target computed result the understanding and the understanding have the difference, this will affect the result the statement analysis inevitably. On the other hand, when carries on the statement analysis, but also has the possibility artificial operation analysis target. Through uses the different computational method to obtain the different analysis target, achieves the goal to plasters the enterpriseoperating results2.2 Statement analysis method existence limitationThe statement analysis method includes the comparison analytic method, the ratio analytic method, the tendency analytic method as well as the factor analytic method and so on,these methods have its superiority respectively, but simultaneously also has the limitation.2.2.1 Compared with analytic methodBecause situation varies between the different enterprise,. during the identical enterprise's different time, when comparative analysis its data will lack the commeasureability unavoidably.2.2.2Ratio analytic methodThe financial ratio is the relative number which compares by two related projects obtains,in fact affects this ratio the factor to have many, cannot just use two projects to expressmerely, when analyzes weighs comprehensively with difficulty.2.2.3 Tendency analytic methodThis is result which with the enterprise the previous year longitudinal comparison, obtained the trend of development was take the previous year as the reference, however past condition was not necessarily reasonable, therefore the analysis result presented the deviationunavoidably.2.2.4 factor analytic method.When with this method to Carry on the analysis, must pay attention to the analysis the relevance, the substitution, the premise hypothesis, substitution series questions and so on order, obviously its applicable scope has many limits, and needs the artificial logical judgement, thus has certain limitation.2.3Statement analysis target existence limitationIn the present statement analysis system, mainly carries on the analysis according to the financial analysis target to enterprise's state of operation, provides the reference for the superintendent operating decisions. But, because the report form has the limitation in the information disclosed that the aspect, causes the statement analysis comprehensively with difficulty, and the systematization. Moreover, along with development of market economy's unceasing, the existing indicator system already could not reflect enterprise's state of operation comprehensively, some non-financial norm have the major impact to the enterprise not including, like the market share, the product quality and the service target, the human resources target, latent profit ability and gain continually ability target and so on. Although these targets measure and the calculation aspect in accountant also have some difficulties, but these targets are important to the enterprise management and operation decision-making's influence day by day , if cannot promulgate fully, with difficulty reflects enterprise's softstrength and the state of operation comprehensively.2.4Financial reporting's limitation2.4.1The present financial reporting provides the financial information main reflection the historical item has occurred, it the related future information relevance which will need with the user decision-making is low. Because the financial reporting reports the historical item, the financial analysis was examination to the past item, thus these information whenever utilized in the decision-making process, has an important supposition, namely the past is foundation forecasts future reasonable.2.4.2 The present financial reporting main reflect the information which can use the currency measurement, but is unable to reflect important information that many pair ofbusiness finance condition and the management performance have the major impact, like information enterprise's personnel , transport charges source condition, market share ,and so on. But the steady principle request estimate possible loss not to estimate that the possible income, to have the possibility to be exaggerating the expense, little to count the property and the income, causes the report data not to be solid. Is precisely because the financial reporting has these limitations, thus when carry on the financial analysis, must first determine the financial reporting itself information the reliability, otherwise realizes the statement analysis goal truly with difficulty.3. Concrete countermeasure suggestion3.1improve the financial reportingAbout measure speaking of historical costs' accountant, we cannot abandon completely, but must perform to improve: First, speeds up speed which the extraction amortizes, reduces the distance between historical costs and the present cost as far as possible, to the original property's store of value, reduces enterprise's loss; Second, implements the present cost valuation, the change tradition cost valuation method, causes the account face value to be closer to the present actual price, reduces the actual value and the realization value distance, the enhancement business finance report form authenticity.3.2statement analysis target improvementFirst, regarding the quick ratio target, every ability fast realization property strong may belong to the quick asset project, therefore may use enterprise's monetary fund, the short-term negotiable securities, the notes receivable, the prestige good customer account receivable or the account age is smaller than 1 year account receivable, if enterprise's product quite sells well, the cash ability is very strong, but may also add on stores goods the finished product to take the quick asset, calculates enterprise's quick ratio target, then can weigh ability the enterprise fast realization property accuratelyNext, regarding the current ratio target, may reject prepay credit cannot the realization, the prepaid expenses and the fluidity bad, and long-term unsalable but has not counted raises the goods in stock depreciation preparation the goods in stock with the bad account receivable, calculates enterprise's current ratio, enables it reflect capacity of enterprise's short-term accuratelyOnce more, regarding the cash ratio target, reflected pays in cash ability immediately, is also indicated that how target in the enterprise worst situation short-term credit capacity, to include the monetary fund and to maintain the short term investment condition the short terminvestment net amount (transaction monetary assets), but rejects a short-term stock investment set of jail to transform as long-term investment in fact.Generally speaking the importance of cash ratio is not big, because is impossible to request the enterprise reimburses the complete current liability with the cash and theshort-term securities investment, but works as when enterprise account receivable, goods in stock cash ability existence question, the cash ratio appeared is very important.3.3To improve statement analysis method system3.3.1 insisted that the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis unify.The modern enterprise not only faces the domestic environment also to need to face the complicated and diversified international environment, these external environment very difficult to quota sometimes, but has the material effect to the condition of business finance report form and the management performance, for instance fiscal statement extraneous information and so on. Therefore, we need to analysis foundation in quantitative, must make the qualitative judgment, must display personnel's rich experience and the quantity fully calculates after two aspects precisely the functions, both interaction may enable the statement analysis to achieve the optimization, reflects the real situation well, obtains the useful information for policy-making.3.3.2 insisted that the dynamic analysis and the vertical analysis unify.We saw the information paper, specially the financial reporting material generally was the static which reflect enterprise past or the historical operating condition, but enterprise's production operation service and the financial operation is a dynamic developing process, must therefore carry on the dynamic analysis, in the foundation of understanding in the past situation, to analysis current situation's possible result to have certain help to the appropriate forecast enterprise in the future .3.3.3 insisted that analyzes and the generalized analysis individually unifies.Must look at the question comprehensively, not only saw one-sidedly isolated individual financial norm Gao Yu is low, draws good and the bad conclusion. The financial norm value has the relativity, the identical target value reflects the different question in the different situation, will draw the opposite conclusion. For instance, in the property utilization efficiency's account receivable cycling rate target is higher, on the one hand the reflection enterprise average debt collection time is shorter, account receivable's reclamation is quicker, the debt collection efficiency is high, the quality is good; But on the other hand also possibly is because enterprise's credit policy is too strict is the result, this will also bring the negative influence to the enterprise, will lose the partial opportunity cost, will cause the market sharedrop and so on. Therefore, when carry on the financial analysis and the appraisal, the single target cannot show the question, must act according to some target the influence which possibly produces to other aspects to carry on the generalized analysis, can draw the correct conclusion.In brief, the financial analysis is to the enterprise omni-directional, system's analysis, must consider that each kind of possibility the influencing factor, removes various factors to the fiscal statement influence, only then can achieve the financial analysis like the goal, meets all quarters related benefit need.3.4.Improve the statement analysis staffs’ overall qualityIn the statement analysis process, the financial analysis staff played the vital role. The management should improve the statement analysis personnel's overall quality comprehensively from the following several aspect manpower:3.4.1 takes seriously to business finance analysis staffs' education training, strengthens its financial accounting, the economic, statistics, the business management and the market marketing and so on various disciplines study, improves their comprehensive professional quality, enables its to explain the report form comprehensively, and makes the correct judgment according to the statement analysis result, makes the analysis staffs to enhance gradually in the work to the question analysis ability and judgment ability.3.4.2 Encourages the financial analysis staff to grasp each financial analysis software and the analysis tool skills, during enhancement working efficiency, assists it to obtain the correct analysis result.3.4.3Strengthens accountant the occupational ethics education, sets up the correct analysis idea, provides the real reliable reference for the enterprise superintendent's management investment decision.。