英法百年战争英文版介绍ppt课件
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英法百年战争
战争的第一阶段
• （1） 1337—1360年。1346年春双方会战于克勒西。法 国投入的兵力是英军的三倍，却被英国的新型步兵打败了。 法军损失11个亲王、1200名骑兵和10000名士兵。英军有 弓箭手9000人，主要是招募来的自耕农。克勒西战役是 一次以少胜多的著名战役，它实际上结束了封建骑士在军 事上的重要作用。1356年，黑太子爱德华指挥的6000名 英军，与法王约翰二世（1350—1364年）指挥的20500 名法军在普瓦提埃发生激战。结果，法军大败，伤亡 4500人，国王约翰和许多法国贵簇被俘，英军损失很小。 1360年，法国被迫签订布勒丁尼和约：爱德华三世放弃 对法国王位的要求，交换条件是加莱和阿奎丹等地重归英 国。法国以50万镑巨款赎回国王，这个数目相当于英王5 年的收入。
英法百年战争
Hundred Years' War （1337年－1453年）
百年战争概况
• 百年战争（Hundred Years' War）是指英 国和法国，于1337年 - 1453年间的战争， 是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达 116年。 • 日期： 1337年－1453年 • 地点： 法国和低地国家 • 结果： 法国胜利 • 领土变更： 法国夺回被英格兰控制的领 地
贞德（Jeanned'Arc、JeannelaPucelle、JoanofArc）（1412年1月6日~1431年5月30日)， 被称为“奥尔良的少女”和“圣女贞德”，法国民族英雄、军事家，天主教会的“圣女”。 英法百年战争（1337年~1453年）时她带领法国军队对抗英军的入侵，支持法查理七世加 冕，为法国胜利做出了巨大贡献。后为勃艮第公国所俘，宗教裁判所以“异端”和“女巫 罪”判处她火刑。
战争的第二阶段
英法百年战争背景和起因
Reasons for the outbreak of war
Fuse of the war was Flanders region (present-day Belgium and the Netherlands). Then Flanders was European industrial developed region. Particularly in wool textile technology was very advanced. So here was the richest part of Europe.
Louis VII
Background
The United Kingdom monarch of golden bird-flower dynasty theoretically was France subjects, should be for the French King effect render one's services. Not only so, regardless of as Royal history intermarriage of in-laws with France, also was as France most powerful of feudal lords, once France throne appeared the situation-old King had no son, or because various causes no legitimate of throne heir.When the nobles struggled for the throne, the monarch of golden bird-flower dynasty was no doubt that to have participation game of qualification! So after the French King died, Edward III formally proposed requirements inherited the throne of France.
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
➢ It was a disaster for the people.Both of their economy was deeply damaged,so the people in the two countries lived in dire poverty.
➢The war in one hundred, crying in one hundred.
➢ From 1380 to 1415, France was in prolonged instability and its industry and commerce declined seriously.
➢ The war stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it awakened French nationalism.
➢ 贞德原本是一位法国农村少女，她声称在十六岁 时的一日，在村后的大树下遇见天使圣弥额尔、 圣玛加利大和圣加大肋纳，从而得到“上帝的启 示”，要求她带兵收复当时由英格兰人占领的法 国失地。后来她几番转折，得到兵权，于1429年 解奥尔良之围，成为了闻名法国的女英雄，后带 兵多次打败英格兰的侵略者，更促使拥有王位承 继权的查理七世于同年7月16日得以加冕。然而 圣女贞德于1430年在贡比涅一次小冲突中为勃艮 第公国所俘，不久为英格兰人以重金购去，由英 格兰当局控制下的宗教裁判所以异端和女巫罪判 处她火刑，于1431年5月30日在法国鲁昂当众处 死。20年后英格兰军队被彻底逐出法国时，贞德 年老的母亲说服教宗卡利克斯特三世重新审判贞 德的案子，最终于1456年为她平反。500年后被 梵蒂冈封圣。
➢ Hauberk (锁子甲） in Europe had more than one thousand years history. Early in the war, it was still the best protective equipment .But later ， plate armor（板甲） greatly enhance protection.
英法百年战争【英文】
Crusades Trade Roman Catholic Church The Black Plague The Hundred Years War The Great Schism
Crusades 1095-1291
Trade
Allows for Exchange of ideas Increased Wealth = Increased Consumer goods/luxuries Crusades/Trade create unified Christendom Renaissance of the 13th Century?
Chartres, France
Competition to Build the Grandest Cathedral for the Glory of God
Scotland Cologne
Notre Dame, Paris
Theocracy of Europe
Popes, Cardinals anoint Kings Europe is united in Christianity Political and Religious hierarchy is similar Some diversity in practices and beliefs Church, Good Works, Sacraments, Key to Salvation Preoccupown (The Founding)
Towns begin to develop around Europe Centered around Churches and Markets Dominated by Guilds Non-Traditional Social Group (Artisan)
Crusades 1095-1291
Trade
Allows for Exchange of ideas Increased Wealth = Increased Consumer goods/luxuries Crusades/Trade create unified Christendom Renaissance of the 13th Century?
Chartres, France
Competition to Build the Grandest Cathedral for the Glory of God
Scotland Cologne
Notre Dame, Paris
Theocracy of Europe
Popes, Cardinals anoint Kings Europe is united in Christianity Political and Religious hierarchy is similar Some diversity in practices and beliefs Church, Good Works, Sacraments, Key to Salvation Preoccupown (The Founding)
Towns begin to develop around Europe Centered around Churches and Markets Dominated by Guilds Non-Traditional Social Group (Artisan)
英法百年战争【英文】
Crusades 1095-1291
Trade
▪ Allows for Exchange of ideas
▪ Increased Wealth = Increased Consumer goods/luxuries
▪ Crusades/Trade create unified Christendom
Group (Artisan)
Medieval Universities
Oxford University
The Late Middle Ages and The Catholic Church
Society in 13th Century Europe
▪ Religion Dominates all aspects of life
▪ Scotland
▪ Cologne
Notre Dame, Paris
Theocracy of Europe
▪ Popes, Cardinals anoint Kings
▪ Europe is united in Christianity
▪ Political and Religious hierarchy is similar
▪ Church Monopolizes education
▪ Monasteries centers of education and literature
▪ Monks study and copy ancient texts
▪ Some classic works are preserved
▪ Others destroyed because of the cost of paper
▪ Papacy exerts both secular and spiritual authority
英法百年战争
百年中，双方的武器装备也经 历了改良和演化，14世纪开战 时，当时最好的盔甲仍然为锁 链甲，这和之前数个世纪相比 并没有本质上的进化和改善， 而15世纪战争中后期时，新形 态的板甲已经成为了贵族骑士 们的普遍装备。这种新装备相 对前者，事实上最显著的价值 即是针对射击和刺杀为主的防 御能力改良，因此也可以认为 是英国大规模应用的长弓战术 所带来的必然后果。 在连续不 断的围攻战中，双方也重视攻 城武器的设计和应用，在后期， 法军开始大规模使用火药及火 炮作为武器而取得胜利，并在 这些新型武器上具有科技领先 地位，即由此促使了新形态的 战争方式。
谢谢观赏
战争的第二阶段
• （2）1369—1380年。法王查理五世（1364— 1380年）即位后，锐意革新，准备反击。1369年， 法军开始反攻，宣布废除布勒丁尼和约。1377年 爱德华三世去世，由黑太子之子，年仅10岁的理 查继位，称理查二世（1377—1399年）。1399 年亨利四世（1399—1413年）废黜其堂兄理查二 世，开始了兰开斯特王朝。在百年战争第二阶段 中，法国人的游击战颇见成效，迫使英军于1380 年停战，英国除保存包括加莱在内的几个沿海城 市外，将其余领地归还法国。
贞德（Jeanned'Arc、JeannelaPucelle、JoanofArc）（1412年1月6日~1431年5月30日)， 被称为“奥尔良的少女”和“圣女贞德”，法国民族英雄、军事家，天主教会的“圣女”。 英法百年战争（1337年~1453年）时她带领法国军队对抗英军的入侵，支持法查理七世加 冕，为法国胜利做出了巨大贡献。后为勃艮第公国所俘，宗教裁判所以“异端”和“女巫 ed Years' War （1337年－1453年）
百年战争概况
• 百年战争（Hundred Years' War）是指英 国和法国，于1337年 - 1453年间的战争， 是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达 116年。 • 日期： 1337年－1453年 • 地点： 法国和低地国家 • 结果： 法国胜利 • 领土变更： 法国夺回被英格兰控制的领 地
英法百年战争英文PPT
The Europe in the eyes of the British
The Europe in the eyes of the Franch
map:
Battle of Agincourt, England aligned with Burgundy,invaded almost all the north of France 141 5 England attacked Orleans, France was in danger,French people fight aginst the invaters,It become a national liberation movement 142 0 Treaty of Troyes, France had become part oBritish Commonwealthf 142 8 142 9 Jeanne d'Arc appeared,lead the army ,got a lot of victories, Charlie VII crowned Jeanne d'Arc was betrayed ,under the plot of England,she was burnt to death.
St. George's Cross flag
England
35 30 25
20
France
食物 天然气 15
旅馆
10
5
0
一月
二月
三月
四月
五月
六月
king
Edward III
In 1337,he declared himself as the king of france,so Philippe VI determined to recover the whole territory of England in France,and the war began.
英法百年战争英文版介绍
Until this moment,Hundred Years Wars ended,and France got the final victory.
Jeanne whment
Influnence
The victory of the war promoted the the unity of France and laid the foundation for the expansion in europe.at the same time ,the Nationalism of was built and imposed the policy of banlancing power on the European continent.then The Kingdom of England switched its focus to overseas and became the biggest empire in the world .
Thank you！
• Background
The source is in the region Flanders(法兰德斯).At that time,Flanders is a famous industry advanced area of Europe.The businessmen of Flanders wanted to escape from the control of the emperor of France.But they daren't to be rebels,so they thought out a good idea,they issued that the emperor of England is the feudal lord(领 主)of France.Because England had a part of French land,so they could say they were English people.And just because of Flemish(法兰德斯人 的)statement,England and France began the war that lasted for one hundred years.
Jeanne whment
Influnence
The victory of the war promoted the the unity of France and laid the foundation for the expansion in europe.at the same time ,the Nationalism of was built and imposed the policy of banlancing power on the European continent.then The Kingdom of England switched its focus to overseas and became the biggest empire in the world .
Thank you！
• Background
The source is in the region Flanders(法兰德斯).At that time,Flanders is a famous industry advanced area of Europe.The businessmen of Flanders wanted to escape from the control of the emperor of France.But they daren't to be rebels,so they thought out a good idea,they issued that the emperor of England is the feudal lord(领 主)of France.Because England had a part of French land,so they could say they were English people.And just because of Flemish(法兰德斯人 的)statement,England and France began the war that lasted for one hundred years.
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The next year,in July,England captured Calais.
1348,the black death spread across the European,and the two
contries stopped battling for 10 years.
1356,England invaded France again,and captrued Keane and
2
• Background
The source is in the region Flanders(法兰德斯).At that time,Flanders is a famous industry advanced area of Europe.The businessmen of Flanders wanted to escape from the control of the emperor of France.But they daren't to be rebels,so they thought out a good idea,they issued that the emperor of England is the feudal lord(领主)of France.Because England had a part of French land,so they could say they were English people.And just because of Flemish(法兰德斯人的)statement,England and France began the war that lasted for one hundred years.
Hundred Years´War 英法百年战争
1
It‘s the longest war of the sted for 116 years,from 1337 to 1453. It began betweeen The Kingdom of England and The Kingdom of France.
Keane(基恩）.
1340,England beat France in Battle of Sluys(斯鲁伊斯海
战),England controled the English channel(英吉利海峡).
August 1346,England got a great victory in Battle of Crécy.
6
Treaty of Bretigny
1356,the Black Prince Edward(黑太子爱德华)arrived in Bordeaux(波尔多),invincibility(不可战胜地),in September,in Poitiers(普瓦捷),beat France,caught alive the emperor of France Jéan II the prince Philippe and a lot of noblemen(贵 族).The prince was forced to conclude and sign the Treaty of Brétigny,which mainly involved the following things:
4
Philippe VI
Edward III
5
• Process
பைடு நூலகம்
The First Stage
Nevember 1337,Edward III(爱德华三世)leaded the military to
attack France,the war began.
1337-1360 year,England and France fighted for Flanders and
Gasconha (加斯科涅),being in the south-west of France.
1360,France was forced to conclude and sign(签订) the Treaty of
Bretigny(布勒丁尼合约),which was a very unfair treaty.
3
• Primacord
In 1328,Charles IV died.Capetian Dynasty was without offspring. The house of Valois’s Philippe VI acceded to the throne. Edward III fight with Philippe VI for the throne in the quanlification of Charles IV’s nephew. The war broke out.
1.the England emperor gave up the right of inheritance(纪 承权) of the French emperor
2.France gave lots of French territories(领土) to England 3.France must pay for a great deal of money to ransomed(赎回) Jéan II.
7
Battle of Crecy
The battle of Crecy（克雷西会战） happened on August 26 1346,and English sodiers who used England longbow(英格兰长弓） beat French heavy armour knights(重甲骑士）and sodiers holding crossbow(十字弓）.It's a most classical battle in the hundred years' war.English emporer Edward III leaded 15 thousand sodiers to invade France through the sea.French emporer Philippe VI sent 30 thousand sodiers against England.In this battle,England longbow played a key function.They fought in forest,and the knights couldn't work well.