工程硕士班英语测试题

2014级工程硕士班英语试题I. Reading Comprehension （45%）Passage 1There are growing environmental concerns about the air near the destroyed World Trade Center in New York City. The two huge buildings were destroyed September eleventh when terrorists crashed two passenger planes into them. Some people say they are suffering health problems as a result of the attacks. When the World Trade Center fell, it left about one million tons of crushed concrete, glass and dust. Some people fear that cancer-causing substances may have been released into the air from the resulting fires and smoke. For example, asbestos(石棉) and other harmful substances were used in building the World Trade Center.Since September eleventh, federal, state and local agencies have been testing the air in and around the ruined area. Scientists from universities, medical schools and private companies also are doing tests. They are looking for the presence of pollutants in the air that might present a health risk to the workers removing the wreckage and to the public. Federal officials say no long-term health risks have been discovered so far.Yet, doctors say many of the workers have been suffering from severe cough, chest pain, nose bleeds and breathing problems. Many workers with continuing problems have taken legal action against the city. Doctors say rescue workers and other people who worked in the area for a long period of time are most at risk for health problems. Workers who did not wear protective covering on their faces are at even greater risk.About forth thousand people live near the ruins of the World Trade Center. Some of these people worry that open trucks carrying the ruins from the area are still spreading pollutants. Some people have criticized New York City’s clean-up efforts, as many buildings in the area have not been cleaned. And the information released to the public from air quality tests is often confusing, and the federal government should keep close watch on clean-up efforts.1.The major point discussed in the passage is ____.A.the effect of the September 11 attacks on New York CityB.health problem people suffer resulting from the September 11 attacksC.the effort of the cleaning up of buildings in the areaD.the effect on the health of the people of the ruined area2.Many workers have taken legal action against the city because ____.A.they are suffering from nose bleedsB.they have continuing health problemsC.they are coughing severelyD.they have breathing problems3.Who are having greater risk of health problems, according to the passage?A.The people who live near the ruins.B.The workers who worked in the area for long time.C.The scientists who area testing the air.D.The workers who did not wear protective coverings.4.The federal government has been criticized for the following reasons except ____.A.clean-up effortsB.air quality testsC.uncleaned buildingsD.the trucks carrying the ruins5.According to the passage the author ____ the environment of the ruined area.A.is depressed withB.is satisfied withC.is worried aboutD.is confident withpassage 2Millions of Americans take large amounts of vitamin C pills every day because they believe the vitamin help them stay healthy. However, a new study says vitamin C may help produce substances that can damage DNA. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania experimented with vitamin C in test tubes. They studied the effects of vitamin C on a substance produced in the body from fat. That substance is called hydroperoxide(氢过氧化物), which can be changed in a cell into substances that can damage DNA. The scientists found that vitamin C easily changed the hydroperoxide into the gene-damaging poisons. Such damage is the first step toward developing cancer.However, the scientists say the study does not mean that vitamin C causes caner. They say it is well-known that vitamin C is important for human health, but people can get enough vitamin C in the foods they eat. Earlier studies have shown that eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and grains can reduce the chance of developing both heart disease and caner.Other researchers agree that the latest study is important in understanding the chemistry of vitamin C. But they say the study did not involve people. The vitamin C was tested in the laboratory only. They think the results might be different in living cells.Mark Levine is a vitamin C expert who questions whether a similar study in people would produce the same results. He also says people should get their vitamin C in food instead of taking huge amounts in pills to stay healthy, and research does not support taking a lot of vitamin C.The United States government says people should get about eighty milligrams(mg) of vitamin C each day in the foods they eat. Studies have shown that the body cannot use more than two hundred milligrams of vitamin C each day. Medical researchers say that taking vitamin C pills cannot replace the value of eating healthy foods.6.What does this passage mainly discuss?A.Taking a large amount of VC will do good to health.B.Taking too much VC pills every day is not good for health.C.People should take as much VC as possible.D.It is not necessary at all to take VC pills.7.Which one is not true about the effect of VC according to the passage?A.It is important for human health.B.It may help produce substances that can damage DNA.C.It causes cancer.D.VC in foods can reduce the chance of developing heart disease and cancer.8.What does the author imply when he mentions “living cells” in Paragraph 3?A.The research has involved living creatures.B.The results from the lab test might not always be reliable.C.If it is tested in living body, the results will be the same.D.The chemistry of VC is living.9.Which of the following is not true about the scientists’ research?A.The scientists experimented with VC in test tubes.B.The research didn’t involve peopleC.VC was test in the lab only.D.Mark Levine did the experiment involving people.10.Taking a lot of VC ____.A.is supported by VC expertsB.is encouraged by the US GovernmentC.is agreed by medical researchersD.is disapproved by many scientistspassage 3It is possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has existed for at least 6 thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity (精巧) has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger. But bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration(仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die. That negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.11.This passage implies that war is now ___.A.worse than in the pastB.as bad as in the pastC.not so dangerous as in the pastD.as necessary as in the past12.In the sentence “Modern ingenuity has changed this”(Para. 1), what change does the authorrefer to?A.The fact that war has always been bad.B.The fact that man has managed to live with war so farC.The fact that war will abolish man.D.The fact that war has existed for thousands of years13.From Para. 2 we learn that the writer of the passage ____.A.is an adherent of some modern ideologiesB.does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent warC.believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warD.does not doubt the truth of any ideologies14.According to the passage, modern weapons ______.A.need further improvingB.will help abolish warC.put mankind in serious dangerD.are essential in modern times15.The writer believes that the only way to abolish war is to ____.A.destroy nuclear weaponsB.let the stronger nations control the worldC.improve chemical weaponsD.solve international problems through negotiationsII. Translate the following into Chinese （55%）1. Scientists find that hard-working prestigious people live longer than average men and women. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness and solitude. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and solitary when they have nothing to do. Instead, many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work people come into contact with each other. By collective activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to disease. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words. From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work, the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life.2.Thanks to the means of modern transportation and communication, the world is getting smaller and smaller. The whole world community appears to be no more than a large global village, where the residents come together with different cultural background and values. While experiencing the inevitable cultural exchanges as well as cultural clashes, the “villagers” seek to live in harmony.In this modern world, the advanced culture of any nation has never been an isolated phenomenon, but the product of extensive exchanges with other cultures. Through culturalexchange, different cultures can absorb and influence one another. Mutual influence is a very complicated phenomenon in the field of culture. Therefore, absorbing foreign culture is metaphorically a process of taking a bite, chewing, and digesting. We should adopt the principle of eliminating the false and retaining the true, discarding the dross and selecting the essential, exporting more and importing the best, and resisting corruptive influences. All the different cultures may learn from each other’s strength to offset their own weakness and complement one another.。