HOTAIR： an oncogenic long non-coding RNA in different cancers
结直肠癌中靶向调控SATB2的有关miRNAs的研究
［１］ 尹艳桃，倪亚光，覃丽．ｌｎｃＲＮＡ在肿瘤中的表达及作用机制［Ｊ］． 中国生物化学与分子生物学报，２０１５，３１（４）：３５２－３５９．
［２］ 邓荣华，黄进团，谷欣．ｌｎｃＲＮＡＭＥＧ３对肝癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响 及机制研 究 ［Ｊ］．临 床 和 实 验 医 学 杂 志，２０１７，１６（１４）：１３６３－ １３６６．
［３］ 王婧，孙妍，廖昆玲，等．长链非编码 ＲＮＡ在结肠癌组织与癌旁组 织中的表达研究［Ｊ］．中国病理生理杂志，２０１８，３４（１）：７５－８０．
［４］ 杨歆，黎伯胜，胡长江，等．血清中 ｌｎｃＲＮＡＨＯＴＡＩＲ检测方法的建 立及其在 结 肠 癌 诊 断 中 的 应 用 价 值 ［Ｊ］．第 三 军 医 大 学 学 报， ２０１６，３８（１０）：１１４８－１１５３．
·１７２８·
ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＣｌｉｎｉｃａｌａｎｄＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅＶｏｌ．１８，Ｎｏ．１６ Ａｕｇ．２０１９
中 ＦＸＤ２－ＡＳ１能够靶向负调控 ｍｉＲ－３２４－５ｐ的表 达，进一步分析发现，同时抑制 ＦＯＸＤ２－ＡＳ１和 ｍｉＲ－ ３２４－５ｐ表 达 后，结 肠 癌 细 胞 增 殖、迁 移 和 侵 袭 的 抑 制 作用消失，因此推测抑制 ＦＯＸＤ２－ＡＳ１对结肠癌细胞增 殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用可能是通过靶向抑制 ｍｉＲ－ ３２４－５ｐ的表达实现的。 ４ 结论
［７］ ＫｕｏＷＴ，Ｓｈｏｕ－ＹｕＹＵ，Ｓｕｎｇ－ＣｈｏｕＬＩ，ｅｔａｌ．ＭｉｃｒｏＲＮＡ－３２４ｉｎ ＨｕｍａｎＣａｎｃｅｒ：ｍｉＲ－３２４－５ｐａｎｄｍｉＲ－３２４－３ｐＨａｖｅＤｉｓｔｉｎｃｔＢｉｏ
ｌｏｇｉｃａｌＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＨｕｍａｎＣａｎｃｅｒ［Ｊ］．ＡｎｔｉｃａｎｃｅｒＲｅｓ，２０１６，３６ （１０）：５１８９－５１９６． ［８］ ＸｕＨＳ，ＺｏｎｇＨＬ，ＳｈａｎｇＭ，ｅｔａｌ．ＭｉＲ－３２４－５ｐｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｓｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａ ｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｌｉｏｍａｂｙｔａｒｇｅｔｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆＧＬＩ１［Ｊ］．ＥｕｒＲｅｖＭｅｄＰｈａｒｍａｃｏｌ Ｓｃｉ，２０１４，１８（６）：８２８－８３２． ［９］ ＣａｏＬ，ＸｉｅＢ，ＹａｎｇＸ，ｅｔａｌ．ＭｉＲ－３２４－５ｐＳｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｅｓＨｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｌｕ ｌａｒＣａｒｃｉｎｏｍａＣｅｌｌＩｎｖａｓｉｏｎｂｙＣｏｕｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｎｇＥＣＭ Ｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ Ｐｏｓｔ－ＴｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙＤｏｗｎｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｎｇＥＴＳ１ａｎｄＳＰ１［Ｊ］．ＰｌｏｓＯｎｅ， ２０１５，１０（７）：ｅ０１３３０７４． ［１０］ ＺｈｕＹ，ＱｉａｏＬ，ＺｈｏｕＹ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｌｏｎｇｎｏｎ ｃｏｄｉｎｇＲＮＡ ＦＯＸＤ２ ＡＳ１ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓｔｏｃｏｌｏｒｅｃｔａｌｃａｎｃｅｒｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｉｔｓｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｔｈｍｉｃｒｏＲＮＡ－１８５－５ｐ［Ｊ］．ＣａｎｃｅｒＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，２０１８，１０９（７）：２２３５ －２２４２． ［１１］ ＳｕＦ，ＨｅＷ，ＣｈｅｎＣ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｔｈｅｌｏｎｇｎｏｎ－ｃｏｄｉｎｇＲＮＡ ＦＯＸＤ２－ ＡＳ１ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｓｂｌａｄｄｅｒｃａｎｃｅｒｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｐｏｓｉ ｔｉｖｅｆｅｅｄｂａｃｋｌｏｏｐｗｉｔｈＡｋｔａｎｄＥ２Ｆ１［Ｊ］．ＣｅｌｌＤｅａｔｈＤｉｓ，２０１８，９ （２）：２３３－２３７． ［１２］ ＲｏｎｇＬ，ＺｈａｏＲ，ＬｕＪ．Ｈｉｇｈｌｙｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｌｏｎｇｎｏｎ－ｃｏｄｉｎｇＲＮＡ ＦＯＸＤ２－ＡＳ１ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｓｎｏｎ－ｓｍａｌｌｃｅｌｌｌｕｎｇｃａｎｃｅｒｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｖｉａ Ｗｎｔ／β－ｃａｔｅｎｉｎｓｉｇｎａｌｉｎｇ．［Ｊ］．ＢｉｏｃｈｅｍＢｉｏｐｈｙｓＲｅｓＣｏｍｍｕｎ，２０１７， ４８４（３）：５８６－５９１． ［１３］ Ｍｉｎ－ＨｓｉＬ，Ｙｏｕ－ＺｕｏＣ，Ｍｅｉ－ＹｕＬ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉ ｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｉｃｒｏＲＮＡａｒｍ ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｉｎｌｕｎｇｃａｎｃｅｒ：ｍｉＲ－３２４ －５ｐａｎｄ －３ｐｓｅｒｖｅｏｎｃｏｇｅｎｉｃｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｌｕｎｇｃａｎｃｅｒ［Ｊ］．Ｏｎｃｏｌｏｇｙ Ｌｅｔｔ，２０１８，１５（６）：９８１８－９８２６． ［１４］ ＬｉｍＥＬ，ＴｒｉｎｈＤＬ，ＳｃｏｔｔＤＷ，ｅｔａｌ．ＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｍｉＲＮＡｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｒｅｖｅａｌｓｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｄｉｆｆｕｓｅｌａｒｇｅＢ－ｃｅｌｌｌｙｍｐｈｏｍａ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ［Ｊ］．ＧｅｎｏｍｅＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１５，１６（１）：１８． ［１５］ ＹｕａｎＣ，Ｓｈａｏ－ＸｉｎＷ，ＲｕｉＭ，ｅｔａｌ．ＤｙｓｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｍｉＲ－３２４ －５ｐ－ＣＵＥＤＣ２ａｘｉｓｌｅａｄｓｔｏｍａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅｄｙｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈｃｏｌｏｎｃａｎｃｅｒ［Ｊ］．ＣｅｌｌＲｅｐｏｒｔｓ，２０１４，７（６）：１９８２－１９９３． ［１６］ ＬｉＮＳ，ＣｈｅｎｇＸ，ＺｈｅｎｇＺ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｄｉｃｅｒｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｅｓｃｙｔｏｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｒｅ ｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇａｎｄｔｕｍｏｒｉｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｏｆｃｏｌｏｒｅｃｔａｌｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｕｍｂｙｍｉＲ－３２４－５ｐ ｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＨＭＧＸＢ３ａｎｄＷＡＳＦ－２［Ｊ］．Ｏｎｃｏｔａｒｇｅｔ， ２０１７，８（３４）：５５７７６－５５７８９． ［１７］ ＧｕＣ，ＺｈａｎｇＭ，ＳｕｎＷ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｕｐ－ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｉＲ－３２４－５ｐｉｎ ｈｉｂｉｔｓｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｎｖａｓｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｌｏｒｅｃｔａｌｃａｎｃｅｒｃｅｌｌｓｂｙｔａｒｇｅｔｉｎｇ ＥＬＡＶＬ１［Ｊ］．ＯｎｃｏｌｏＲｅｓ，２０１８．
单孔排气气泡特征识别与参数提取方法
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2024 年第 43 卷第 2 期单孔排气气泡特征识别与参数提取方法杨志龙1，田文斌1，张珍2，王志英3，王一伟3（1 中国农业大学工学院，北京 100083；2 石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室 石家庄 050043；3 中国科学院力学研究所流固耦合系统力学重点实验室，北京 100190）摘要：气液两相流广泛应用于多种工业领域当中，测量气泡特征参数并进行统计分析可以探究气泡的运动及生长规律，这对相关物理规律和过程控制研究具有重要意义。
然而气泡在运动中会发生融合、破碎等现象，导致图像中气泡的重叠粘连，以及拍摄背景的不均匀性均会对气泡特征数据提取造成较大误差。
本文采用高速摄像技术获得了不同液体流速与通气量下的气泡图像，通过对距离变换图像的极值点进行抑制与融合，改进了分水岭算法的前景标记提取方法，实现了气泡的准确分割，进而对分割气泡进行最小二乘椭圆拟合重构，获取了气泡参数。
对比分析发现，相较于腐蚀运算和阈值分割提取标记的方法，本文方法准确率分别提高了22.7%与13.6%。
通过对气泡特征进行统计分析，发现随着通气量的增加，气泡数量略微增多而平均尺寸显著增大，表明通气量对气泡尺寸有着重要影响。
通气量相同，随着来流速度的增加，气泡破碎，气泡的数量增加且平均尺寸减小。
关键词：气液两相流；重叠气泡识别；气泡特征统计；高速摄像中图分类号：O359 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2024）02-0808-10Geometric features recognition and parameters extraction of bubbles insingle-hole air bleedYANG Zhilong 1，TIAN Wenbin 1，ZHANG Zhen 2，WANG Zhiying 3，WANG Yiwei 3(1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior in Traffic Engineering Structure and System Safety, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China; 3 Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Coupling Systems, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)Abstract: Gas-liquid two-phase flow is prevalent in various industries. The measurement and statisticalanalysis of bubbles characteristics are useful for the investigation of the bubbles motion and generation. Therefore, it can provide the fundamental data for physical mechanism and process control research. In this paper, bubble images were captured by a high-speed camera system at different liquid flow rates and aeration volumes in the circulating water tank. Given that bubble coalescence and breakup during motion could lead to overlapping and sticking issues in the images, these phenomena would cause significantmeasurement errors in bubble characterization parameters. To address these issues, this paper improved the marker extraction method of the watershed algorithm. The method obtained foreground markers by utilizing the extreme points of the distance transformed image for suppression and fusion, thereby研究开发DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1426收稿日期：2023-08-16；修改稿日期：2023-10-19。
不同预处理对热风干燥山药片品质特性及微观结构的影响
谭宏渊，凌玉钊，黄丽琪，等. 不同预处理对热风干燥山药片品质特性及微观结构的影响[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（20）：43−52.doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110328TAN Hongyuan, LING Yuzhao, HUANG Liqi, et al. Effects of Different Pretreatment on the Quality Characteristics and Microstructure of Hot Air Dried Yam Slices[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(20): 43−52. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022110328· 研究与探讨 ·不同预处理对热风干燥山药片品质特性及微观结构的影响谭宏渊1,2，凌玉钊1,2，黄丽琪1,2，熊光权2，乔 宇2, *，魏凌云1, *（1.武汉工程大学环境生态与生物工程学院，湖北武汉 430205；2.湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所，湖北武汉 430064）摘 要：为比较不同干燥预处理对山药品质及微观结构的影响，以新鲜山药为原料，采用高压静电场、超高压和冷冻3种方式对切片后的山药进行预处理，利用低场核磁共振技术及干燥特性揭示干燥前后山药片内部的水分状态、分布及含量情况，分析山药片的微观结构、色泽、复水比、纤维素含量等特性的变化。
结果表明，冷冻处理对山药微观结构的破坏虽最为严重，但干燥时间最短，160 min 时水分比即可降为0.1以下；高压静电场预处理对山药片微观结构破坏程度低于其它处理方式，山药中原果胶及纤维素等细胞壁成分含量显著（P <0.05）更高，分别为11.91%和14.65%，且干燥后山药收缩较小，复水比也高于其它方式，为3.53；超高压预处理能够较好地保留山药的风味物质，且使干燥的山药白度值显著（P <0.05）提升，较干燥前提高35.10%。
LncRNA：LncRNA的前世今生以及临床思路分析
LncRNA：LncRNA的前世今生以及临床思路分析前言：近年来，LncRNA相关研究在国内外的热度居高不下，早在1991年，Xist 调控X染色体的失活就登上Nature，但当时认为这只是一种特殊情况。
2007年Howard Chang在Cell上发表题为“Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs”的论文（图1），正式开启了LncRNA火热的十年。
接下来从以下8个方面来介绍：LncRNA的定义、LncRNA的发现、LncRNA的分类、LncRNA的功能、LncRNA的作用模式、LncRNA的争议、LncRNA的常用数据库以及LncRNA的研究模式。
图1图2-谷歌学术显示该文章引用量高达2854次一、LncRNA的定义LncRNA(Long non-coding RNA)，是长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，一些LncRNAs，长度超过90kb，也被称为macroRNA，如Airn 和KCNQ1OT1。
标准“非编码”是指在转录本中缺少开放阅读框和/或保守密码子，2011年Cell发表论文表明LncRNA可以被核糖体吸引，其中一些能翻译产生小肽（图3）。
编码肽的能力与转录产物充当功能性RNA的能力并不一定冲突，事实上，越来越多的证据表明双功能转录产物既可以作为蛋白质模板，也可以作为LncRNAs。
图3-Cell论文证实LncRNA能翻译产生小肽二、LncRNA的发现LncRNA起初被认为是基因组转录的“噪音”，是RNA聚合酶II 转录的副产物，不具有生物学功能。
然而，1991年，Nature等杂志刊文证实Xist参与X染色体失活的调控（图4）。
此后越来越多的研究表明，LncRNA在众多生命活动过程中发挥重要作用，LncRNA开始引起人们广泛的关注。
美国加州小学语文系列教材treasures——g5_u1_t1
THEME: Balloon FlightTalk About It (710)The Science of Hot-Air Balloons (712)Vocabulary/Comprehension: Make GeneralizationsUp in the Air:The Story of Balloon Flight Nonfiction (714)by Patricia LauberHot-Air Balloon Haiku Poetry (732)by Rita BristolWriting: Explanatory Writing (734)THEME: Scientists at WorkTalk About It (736)Dr. Priscilla C. Grew, Geologist (738)Vocabulary/Comprehension: SequenceHidden Worlds Nonfiction (740)from the book by Stephen Kramer, photos by Dennis Kunkel Mountain of Fire: A NativeAmerican Myth Language Arts (754)retold by Grace ArmstrongWriting: Explanatory Writing (758)Test Strategy: Author and MeNational Parks: OurNational Treasures Social Studies (760)Glossary (764)School ContestsTalk About ItWhat challenges and responsibilities come with entering a contest? What emotions can affect the contestants?Find out more aboutschool contests atVocabularyslumped strandssoggy giganticcapable creditcategories luminousContext CluesSynonyms are words thatmean the same or almostthe same thing as otherwords. For example, hugeis a synonym for gigantic.When you read an unfamiliarword, check to see if thereis a synonym nearby to useas a context clue.K_\KXc\ek:fek\jk8s Danny put his lunch tray ontothe cafeteria table, milk spilled all over hissandwich. He sat down, hung his head forward,and slumped over the food in front of him.Frowning, he began peeling the soggy milk-soaked bread from his sandwich. “This is themost ridiculous thing I’ve ever done!” he said.“It’s not that bad,” said his friend Elena,who was sitting across from him. “Just getanother sandwich.”“Sandwich? What sandwich? I am talkingabout the talent contest. It’s only two weeksaway and I don’t know what I’m doing!Everybody will laugh at me. It’s inevitable.There’s no way to avoid it!”“Don’t be so negative, Danny,” said Elenaas she rolled her eyes. “You’re going to begreat. You’re very capable. You have the skillsto do just about anything.”Danny moved his lunch tray to the side andrested his head on the table.by Howard Gabe1VO`OQbS`>Z]bReread forComprehensionStory StructureCharacter and PlotA Character and Plot Chart helps you figure out a character’s personality and events of the plot. These traits and events are part of story structure. Use your Character and Plot Chart as you reread “The T alent Contest” to figure out Elena’s traits and how her actions affect the plot of the story.Vocabulary and Comprehension“Sit up Danny,” ordered Elena. “I have an idea. Let’s brainstorm a list of things you could do. We’ll divide the list into categories or groups. Let’s start with music. You play the piano, right?”“I stopped taking lessons in third grade,” said Danny.“What about singing a song?” suggested Elena.Danny shook his head no. “Let’s move on to another category.”“What about juggling?” asked Elena, as she twisted thin strands of hair around her finger.“I don’t know how to juggle!” Danny almost shouted. “Elena, how did I get myself into this huge, gigantic mess?”“Stop being so...” Elena paused. “That’s it, DRAMA TIC!” Elena shouted excitedly. “You could do a dramaticreading. You definitely have the talent for it. Mrs. Pace always calls on you to read aloud in class. You could read a play aloud. Maybe you could even get extra credit from Mrs. Pace. She rewards students with points for doing extra reading work.”Danny thought for a minute. Then he smiled. “Elena,” Danny said, “you are a great friend!”Elena smiledback. “I just want to make sure you are a bright, shiny, luminous star when you step out onstage.”ComprehensionGenreRealistic Fiction uses settings, characters, and events that could actually exist.Story StructureCharacter and PlotAs you read, use your Character and Plot Chart.Read to Find OutHow does the kind of person Sage is affect the plot?1VO`OQbS`>Z]bA VOCABULARY DISASTERMain SelectionN one of this would have happened if it wasn’t for Forest. Forest is not a thicket of trees. Forest is a boy. A sick boy. A boy sneezing and coughing all over my desk and pencils.I caught Forest’s cold and had to stay home from school on Tuesday. Tuesday is Vocabulary Day at Webster School. Follow my advice: Never get sick on Vocabulary Day.On Tuesday afternoon I called my best friend, Starr, who is not a luminous celestial object seen as a point of light in the sky, but a very smart girl who listens perfectly on Vocabulary Day. She was late for baseball practice, so she spelled the first fourteen vocabulary words as fast as she could.I had to scribble them quickly because her mom was calling her to the car. “This last one’s ‘Miss Alaineus’!” Starr yelled.“I gotta go. I hope you feel better tomorrow, Sage.” And she hung up the phone with a crash.I didn’t feel much better on Wednesday, so my mom called Mrs. Page, who is not a single side of a printed sheet of paper usually found bound in a book. She’s my teacher, and actually Mrs. Page is a good name for her because she reads to us every day. My mom told her yes, I had my math problems and vocabulary words, and yes, I would get better soon.PlotHow do you think Starr’s rush togive Sage the vocabulary wordswill affect what happens next?Every week Mrs. Page gives us a list of words with a theme, like Story Writing or Musical Performance or Electricity.We’re supposed to look up each word in the dictionary, but sometimes I already know the words, so Itry to make the definitions sound like I looked them up.I thought I was pretty good at definitions until this week.My mom says, “Pride goeth before a fall.”Pride:an unduly high opinion of oneself.Goeth:Old English for “to go.”Fall:what happened on Monday, Vocabulary Test Day.By Thursday afternoon my head felt like it was stuffed with cotton and my throat felt swollen shut. I finished definingmy vocabulary words while propped up in bed with a box of tissues on one side and a gigantic red dictionary on the other. It’s hard to look up words in a huge book while you’re in bed blowing your nose, so I made my own dictionary language for as many of them as I could.The last word seemed a little odd to me because I couldn’t figure out what she had to do with snakes or categories or theories. Mrs. Page rarely gives us people’s names on our vocabulary lists, but we have had a few that turned into words, like Louis Pasteur for pasteurization and George Washington for Washington, D.C., so I decided she must have been included for a reason.You should know that for years I had wondered who Miss Alaineus was. When I was little I figured out that she had something to do with the kitchen, because the Miss Alaineus drawer held the spoons too big to fit anywhere else, thesharp corn holders shaped like tiny cobs, and the spaghetti spork, that weird cross between a spoon and a fork that perfectly lifts slippery spaghetti out of the bowl. I thought maybe she was an ancestor:an ancient relative long dead,who left us all these odd things in the drawer.Then just last year my mom and I were at the grocery store and it all fell into place. We were in one of those Very Big Hurries when she said, “You go get some of that long Italian bread and two sticks of butter. I’ll get Miss Alaineus’ things and meet you here at the cash register.”I found the bread and butter, and my mom came back with spaghetti sauce, a can of Parmesan cheese, a can of corn, and a big green box of spaghetti with a beautiful woman on the front. She was drawn so that her hair tumbled perfectly across the box and ended in a little plastic window, making the spaghetti look just like the ends of the strands of her hair.There she was—Miss Alaineus.So, propped up on pillows in my bed, with a tissue in one hand and a pencil in the other, I wrote:And then I fell asleep.I finally got better over the weekend and felt great on Monday. I turned in my homework to Mrs. Page and sat down at my desk, glad to be back at school with my friends. I was even glad to see Forest at our morning circle meeting.“First, I want to remind you of the Tenth Annual Vocabulary Parade on Friday,” said Mrs. Page. “I hope you are all working on your word costumes. Second, please remember to bring your bus money and permission slips for our science museum field trip tomorrow. And third, instead of our usual Monday test, we are going to have a Vocabulary Bee today.“Everyone line up here by the chalkboard, and I’ll choose a word from our list. After I pronounce the word, please spell and define it. If you are correct, go to the end of the line. If you miss the word, please sit down at your desk and look it up in the dictionary. Write the word five times and defineit once.”Starr was first with museum:“M-U-S-E-U-M:a building for exhibiting objects about art or history or science,” she said, and went to the back of the line.Cliff, not a high, steep face of rock, but one very tall boy, answered to the word dinosaur: “D-I-N-O-S-A-U-R:a prehistoric, extinct reptile, often huge,” and he went to the back of the line.I was tenth, and when Mrs. Page called out my word, I spelled: “Capital M-I-S-S, capital A-L-A-I-N-E-U-S,” and added, “the woman on green spaghetti boxes whose hair is the color of uncooked pasta and turns into spaghetti at the ends.”There was a moment of silence in the room. I smiled at Mrs. Page. She waited to see if I would add anything else, and when I didn’t, she grinned. Not smiled—grinned:to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in a very wide smile—and the entire class burst into one huge giggling, laughing, falling-down mass of kids. Forest was doubled over. Starr, my best friend, was laughing so hard tears came to her eyes. By now, even Mrs. Page was laughing.Pride goeth before a fall. I was Sage:one who shows wisdom, experience, judgment. Why were they laughing? “Wise-girl-with-words” my dad always called me. Whathad I said? I was beginning to turn red. Red:the color of embarrassment.Finally the room quieted. Mrs. Page opened her dictionary and wrote on the chalkboard:Miscellaneous:adj. 1. consisting of various kinds or qualities 2. a collection of unrelated objectsMy jaw dropped as I looked at the spelling. My eyes bulged as I read the definition. I didn’t bother to tell anyone about my mom and the spaghetti spork and the grocery store. Humbled:aware of my shortcomings, modest, meek,I dragged back to my seat and wrote miscellaneous five times and defined it once. And that’s when I rememberedI had even drawn a picture of the spaghetti box for extra credit. I was devastated:wasted, ravaged. Ruined:destroyed. Finished:brought to an end.CharacterWhat does Sage’s reaction to hermistake tell you about her character?They called me Miss Alaineus for the rest of the day. Sometimes a person couldn’t even get the words out before bending over with laughter. The day took a week to end. When I got off the bus I slumped home—devastated, ruined, finished.I told my mom the whole story, from the kitchen drawer to the grocery store to the Vocabulary Bee. Even my own mother laughed a little at the part about the drawing for extra credit, but at least she stopped fast and said, “You know what I always say . . . There’s gold in every mistake.”Gold?A bright yellow precious metal of great value?Mistake?Something done, said, or thought in thewrong way?“Impossible,” I told her. Impossible:not capableof happening.I couldn’t believe I everhad to go back to school.But the next day we wentto the science museum, and everyone forgot all about Miss Alaineus at the snake exhibit and the dinosaur bone lab. Then the guide said, “Thefield of bone archaeology has been influenced by a wide and unusual array of miscellaneous discoveries around the world.” The class burst out laughing, and the guide was pleasedwith herself for entertainingus so easily. And I knew:to apprehend with certainty, that my mistake was still alive and well, and nothing like gold.After school I lay on my bed and stared at the wall. How could I have beenso stupid?My mom came in andsaid it was time to workon my costume for theVocabulary Parade. Wehad finished the cape forCapable, but I still neededto make the lettering downthe back.“Mom,” I said, “I couldonly be a mistake this year.Miss Stake.”Suddenly I sat up.I looked at my mom. Shelooked at me.I smiled.She smiled.“Sweetheart,” she said,“let’s take another look atthat cape.”35It took the most courage I’ve ever hadto walk out on that stage as Miss Alaineus,Queen of All Miscellaneous Things. Butwhen Mr. Bell read my word and definition,everyone applauded and laughed wildly:in amanner lacking all restraint, and I grinned atmy mom across the auditorium.36Forest came right after me. When hebowed, his Precipitation watering-can hatrained on Mr. Bell’s new suit, and the entireaudience gasped, then cheered when Mr.Bell smiled at his soggy clothes.37To my astonishment:great shock and amazement, I won a gold trophy for The Most Original Use of a Word in the TenthAnnual Vocabulary Parade.So this time Mom was right. There was gold in this mistake.And next year I think I’m going to be . . .38Miss Sterious,Investigator of All Things Mysterious!39Author’s PurposeAuthors of fiction usuallywrite to entertain, but theymay have another purpose.What clues can help youfigure out if Debra Frasierhad more than one purposefor writing Miss Alaineus?A Few Words AboutDebra FrasierDebra Frasier’s fifth-grade daughtersaid to her one day, “Mom, today I figured outthat miscellaneous is not a person.” Herdaughter’s new wisdom gave Debra two gifts:a good laugh and the idea to write Miss Alaineus.Debra says her books take a long time becauseshe loves the creative process. Being creative is nothing new for Debra. As a child in Florida, she used to make collageswith old wood she found on the beach and miles of tape.For the illustrations, Debra again turned to her daughter for inspiration. Papers, glue, scissors, and pencils that were crammed inher daughter’s desk gave her the idea for the story’s school setting.At last Debra had completed a fun adventure about the usually tameworld of vocabulary.Another book by Debra Frasier:Out of the OceanFor more information aboutDebra Frasier visit40Comprehension CheckSummarizeUse your Character and Plot Chart to help you summarize Miss Alaineus. Include only the most important events that lead to Sage’s creativesolution to her problem.Think and Compare1.Miss Alaineus is written from Sage’s point of view. How doesthis help you know what she is like? What words or phraseswould you use to describe her? Use story details in youranswer. Story Structure: Character and Plot2.Reread page 38. What does Sage mean when she says,“there was gold in this mistake”? Use details from the story tosupport your answer. Analyze3.Even the most capable people make mistakes. How do youfeel when you make a mistake? Compare your feelings toSage’s feelings. Analyze4.Why might it be helpful to havea sense of humor when youare trying to solve a problem?Evaluate5.Look back at “The T alentContest” on pages 18–19.How is Danny’s experiencesimilar to Sage’s? Use detailsfrom each selection.Reading/Writing Across Texts1VO`OQbS`>Z]b41)))))) ))The Nationalby Nicole LeeLanguage ArtsGenreNonfiction Articles provideinformation about realpeople, places, or events.Text FeaturePhotographs and Captionsgive visual examplesthat help explain whatthe text states.Content VocabularycompetitionorallyeliminatesDoes the word autochthonous sound familiar? Luckily, toDavid Tidmarsh, it did. David correctly spelled autochthonousto win the 77th National Spelling Bee. David, from South Bend,Indiana, won the spelling championship at age 14. In the finalround of competition, David beat Akshay Buddiga, a 13-year-oldboy from Colorado.42Language Arts) ))))))) ))Welcome to the exciting and intense world of spelling bees.The National Spelling Bee takes place each June in Washington,D.C. The competition has been around for a long time. It beganin 1925 with only nine contestants. In 2004 there were 265contestants ranging in age from 8 to 15. Contestants for theNational Spelling Bee come from English-speaking countries allover the world. Students from Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and evenSaudi Arabia have competed in the National Spelling Bee.It takes a lot of hard work and dedication to advanceto the National Spelling Bee finals. Students spend a lot oftime preparing for competition. The words chosen for thecompetition are chosen from the dictionary by a panel ofword experts. There are more than 470,000 words in thedictionary, and any one of these words could be chosen forthe competition. David spent several months preparingfor the finals. He spent many hours studying a dictionary,and a list of 10,000 words that he created. Fortunately forDavid, autochthonous was one of the words on his list. AfterDavid won he said, “I was just hoping I got a word I studied.”Spelling contestants spend months poring over the dictionary.43))))))))))The purpose of the National Spelling Bee is to encouragestudents to improve their spelling, broaden their vocabularies,and develop correct English usage. During round one of thechampionships, the spellers have to take a 25-word written test.In round two, each student spells a word orally. Next, the judgesscore the students. The top 90 students move on to round three.Any mistake during round three or the later rounds eliminates thespeller. Some of the words that David had to spell before the 15thand final round were gaminerie,arete,balancelle, and sumpsimus.a r e t e Intense momentson David’s road toV-I-C-T-O-R-Y!Akshay (left) andDavid anxiouslyawait their turns./44))) )))Find out more about the National Spelling Bee atConnect and Compare1.Look at the photo of the spellers sitting on the stage.What feelings do you think the contestants experiencedduring the competition? Photographs and Captions2.What advice do you think David would give to someonewho wanted to enter a spelling bee? Evaluate3.Think about this article and Miss Alaineus. Compare howSage prepared for the vocabulary bee and David preparedfor the spelling bee. Reading and Writing Across TextsLanguage Arts ActivityDoes your state have spelling bees? Researchspelling bees in your state and write a paragraphabout what you need to do to enter a localspelling bee.Spellers qualify for the finals by winning locally sponsoredspelling bees in their home communities. Qualifying for thenational competition is a significant accomplishment. Everystudent who advances to the national competition is awardeda prize. The champion gets $17,000, a set of encyclopedias, anengraved trophy, and several other prizes. When asked what hewould do with the prize money, David said, “I might put it in asavings account,” and “I’ll probably take a little and spend it atthe mall.”a u t o ch t h o no u sg a m i n e ri e45I use supporting details to add information about mytopic sentence.My topic sentence is a clue that practicing spelling words is the main idea of the paragraph.Al w ay s n e Hu nd re d P er ce nt by Chr isti na M.6LCN? <ION ;2"'..+".-3$23Writer’s CraftA Good ParagraphA good paragraph has atopic sentence that letsa reader know what thesubject of the paragraphwill be. Supporting detailsadd information aboutthe subject.Every Friday morning my friends and I siton the rug in class and practice our spellingwords before the weekly test . We have acontest to see who can spell the words thefastest . One of us sits in our teacher ’s chairand reads the spelling words . Whoever slapsthe floor first gets a two-second head startspelling the word .A few weeks ago , Miguel had been readingthe words , and Kevin and I were spelling them .For one of the words , I lifted my hand in sucha hurry that it flew back and hit my nose . Weall laughed hysterically . Miguel laughed so hardhe fell out of the teacher ’s chair , and thatstarted us laughing all over again .Our weekly contest works out well evenwhen nothing funny happens . We get onehundred percent on our spelling tests ! Youshould try it . It ’s a fun way to studyspelling words .46Writer ’s ChecklistIdeas and Content: Are my ideas clear?Organization: Did I use a topic sentence to create a strong beginning for my paragraph ?Voice: Do the details tell how I feel? Do they make my writing sound like something I would have written?Word Choice: Did I choose strong words to tell what is happening?Sentence Fluency: Did I join related sentences to make compound sentences?Conventions: Did I capitalize proper nouns? Did I check my spelling?Your TurnWrite two or three paragraphs about a school contest that you have entered or that you would like to enter. T ell aboutwhat happened to you and how youfelt. Be sure to use a topic sentence and supporting details in each paragraph.Use the writer’s checklist tocheck your writing.47。
LncRNA H19在肿瘤发病中的作用机制研究进展
LncRNA H19在肿瘤发病中的作用机制研究进展①朱敏郗雪艳杜伯雨（湖北医药学院基础医学院，十堰442000）中图分类号R735.3文献标志码A文章编号1000-484X（2021）07-0883-05［摘要］随着研究的深入和研究技术的提高，研究者在人类基因组中发现了大量非编码RNA（NcRNA），这类RNA一直受到人们的广泛关注。
越来越多的研究显示，NcRNA可能参与各种基因表达的调控。
目前的研究已证实，长链非编码RNA （LncRNA）在生长调控及生理代谢中发挥重要作用，并且参与肿瘤调控。
LncRNA H19是最早发现的印迹LncRNA，虽然在大多数组织中LncRNA H19的表达在出生后被关闭，但很多研究提示其可在肿瘤发生期间被重新激活或抑制，从而影响肿瘤进展。
本文主要综述近期LncRNA H19在肿瘤发病中作用机制的研究进展，为今后的研究提供参考。
［关键词］LncRNA；H19；肿瘤；作用机制Research progress of mechanism of LncRNA H19in cancer disease development ZHU Min，XI Xue-Yan，DU Bo-Yu.School of Basic Medical Sciences，Hubei University of Medicine，Shiyan 442000，China［Abstract］With the deepening of study and the improvement of research techniques，researchers have found a large number of noncoding RNA（NcRNAs）in human genome，which has been receiving attention.Increasing evidence indicated that NcRNA is likely to involve in the regulation of various gene expression.Recent studies have confirmed that long noncoding RNA（LncRNA）plays im‐portant regulator roles in various biological processes，including cancer development.LncRNA H19is the first imprinted gene. Although H19expression is turned off after birth in most tissues，there are many studies demonstrate that it can be reactivated or inhib‐ited during tumorigenesis.This article mainly reviews the recent research progress of the pathogenic mechanism of LncRNA H19in cancer disease development，aimed to provide a reference for future research.［Key words］LncRNA；H19；Cancer；Mechanism1概述由美国国立人类基因组研究院启动的多国联合研究项目计划——DNA元件百科全书（EN‐CODE）项目已证实，基因组中有80%的基因可被转录，然而最终可表达为蛋白质的基因只有不到2%［1］。
极限交换机VDX6740和VDX6740T产品介绍说明书
The VDX 674 0 T-1G ( Fig ure 3) offers 4 8 10 0 0 BA SE-T p ort s and t w o 4 0 Gb E QSFP+ p ort s. Each 4 0 Gb E p ort can b e b roken out int o four ind ep end ent 10 Gb E SFP+ p ort s, p rovid ing an ad d it ional eig ht 10 Gb E SFP+ p ort s for up link. A ll 4 8 10 0 0 BA SE-T p ort s can b e up g rad ed t o 4 8 10 GBA SE-T p ort s via t he Cap acit y on Dem and (CoD) soft w are license. Tw o 4 0 Gb E p ort s are enab led as p art of t he b ase license. The ad d it ional t w o 4 0 Gb E p ort s can b e up g rad ed via t he Port s on Dem and ( PoD) soft w are license.
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干燥方式对苹果果胶含量及品质特性的影响
刘青松，刘传犇，王振，等. 干燥方式对苹果果胶含量及品质特性的影响[J]. 食品工业科技，2024，45（8）：88−96. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023050157LIU Qingsong, LIU Chuanben, WANG Zhen, et al. Influence of Drying Methods on Apple Pectin Content and Quality Characteristics[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(8): 88−96. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023050157· 研究与探讨 ·干燥方式对苹果果胶含量及品质特性的影响刘青松1，刘传犇1，王 振1，钟政昌1,2,3,*（1.西藏农牧学院食品科学学院，西藏林芝 860000；2.西藏野生生物资源评价与利用实验室，西藏林芝 860000；3.西藏特色农牧资源研发省部共建协同创新中心，西藏林芝 860000）摘 要：目的：研究不同干燥方式对三种类型苹果果胶（WSP 、NSP 、CSP ）处理后，其含量及品质特性变化。
方法：采用热风干燥（60、75、90 ℃）、真空冷冻干燥（−50 ℃）、自然晾晒干燥方法对苹果果胶干燥处理，研究干燥方式对苹果的褐变度及对三种类型苹果果胶含量、蛋白质含量、总糖含量、抗氧化能力及果胶结构的影响。
结果：60 ℃热风干燥下苹果片的褐变度最小。
三种不同类型果胶的含量不同，WSP 含量最多，变幅为58.06%~77.09%，NSP 次之，变幅为30.57%~54.98%，CSP 含量最少，变幅为14.64%~27.06%，其中以60 ℃热风干燥处理后的三种类型果胶含量最多。